Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 44 pps

Chart 10-6 Directimrr: Complete the sentences by changing the active modals to passive modals.. Charts 10-1 + 10-6 DitecFMns: Complete the sentences with any appropriate tense, active or

EXERCISE 13 Passive modals (Chart 10-6)

Directimrr: Complete the sentences by changing the active modals to passive modals

1 Someone must send this letter immediately

2 People should plant tomatoes in the spring

: 3 People cannot control the weather

+ The weather

4 Someone had to fix our car before we left for Chicago

5 People can reach me at 555-3815

, 6 You can find flowers in almost every part of the world

7 Someone ought to wash these dirty dishes soon

8 People may cook carrots or eat them raw

I

9 If the river floods, water could destroy the village

10 You must keep medicine out of the reach of children

You shouldn't pronounce the "b" in "lamb."

!,,,;I ;,,- , ,

People can wear some watches underwater

-+ Some watches

: underwater

-

EXERCISE 14 Active vs passive (Charts 10-1 + 10-6)

DitecFMns: Complete the sentences with any appropriate tense, active or passive, of the

verbs in parentheses

1

Americas But then, for some unhown reason, they (disappear)

2

completely from North and South America Even though the early horses ( d l )

5

6

farm animals

9

10

ships to the New World with their horses on board When the explorers (return)

13

14

In the 1800s, there were several million wild horses in North America By the 1970s,

that number had become less than 20,000 The wild horses (hunt)

17

k

19

20

, +-*

-.h, "'

*People domesticate (tame) snimals, y;

EXERCISE 15 Active vs passive (Charts 10-1 - 10-6)

Directions: All of the sentences in the following passage are active Some of the sentences should be passive because it is unknown o r unimportant to know exactly who performs certain actions Change sentences t o the passive as appropriate Discuss your reasons for

- : making changes and for not making changes

-

- (1) Cheese has been a principal food throughout much of the world for thousands of years

f

i

people eat it in almost all the countries of the world (4) Pwple can eat it alone, or they may eat

it with bread (5) People can melt it and add it to noodles or vegetables (6) People can use it as

part of a main course or as a snack (7) Throughout most of the world, cheese adds enjoyment , ,

' I

and nutrition to many people's daily diets

., ~ ,

(8) Cheese is a milk product (9) Cheesemakers make most cheese from cow's milk, but they

r , c h make it from the milk of goats, camels, yaks, and other animals, including zebras (10) Some

kinds of cheese, such as cheddar, are common in many parts of the world, but you can find other

,; .<, : , ,,%"

kinds only in small geographical areas , , , ' :., , ; i (1 1) Cheesemakers produce cheese in factories (12) They have to treat the milk in special ways (13) They must heat it several times during the process (14) At the end, they add salt, and

\'Y they pack it into molds (15) They age most cheese for weeks or months before they package and

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, sell it (16) They usually sell cheese to stores in large round pieces that they seal in wax

.,-.' (17) You can see these big rounds of cheese in food stores like delicatessens (18) I like

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cheese and buy it often (19) I don't know all the names of different kinds of cheese (20) Often

1

~ ~

near my apartment, I simply point to a kind of cheese that looks good to me (22) I hold my

The Pasalve 291

thumb and forefinger wide apart if I want a lot of cheese or close together if I want just a little

(23) Frank and Anita, who work behind the cheese

counter at the deli, always seem to give me just the

right amount (N) I'm glad cheese is nutritious

because it's one of my favorite kinds of food

(STATIVE PASSIVE)

-

88 .' WE-

(a) Paul is Y W W

(b) Paul is tall

(c) Paul is hu*gry

88 f PAST PARTICIPLE

(d) Paul is rnarrkd

(e) Paul is tired

(f) Paul is frightened

(g) Paul is married to Susan

01) Paul was excited about the game

(i) Paul d l be prepandfor the exam

Be can be followed by an adjective The adjective

describes or gives information about the subject of the sentence

Be can be followed by a past participle (the passive

form) The past participle is often like an adjective The past participle describes or gives information about the subject of the sentence Past participles are used as adjectives in many common, everyday expressions

Often the past participles in these expressions are followed by particular prepositions + an object

For examole:

ma-d is followed by to (+ an object)

SOME COMMON BXPRESSIONS WITH BE + PAST PARnCIPLB

*I'm tlrcd ofrhe cold weather = I'm hnd enough cdd iwarhrr I w n t rk wanther m pr warm

I'm -from working hard all day = I'm axhourtad &came I d e d hard OU day

EXERCISE 16 Statlve passlve (Chart 10-7)

Directim: Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs in italics

Include prepositions as necessary Use the simple present

2 interest

3 disappoint

5 saris&

6 mawy

7 relate

low grades

cousins

exercise now

EXERCISE 17 Statlve passive (Chart 10-7) , K ,

Directions: Complete the sentences with the expressions in the list Use the simple

present

~ , ; I

be composed be lost be scared , c.V~tn~, 1 , ; ., , < , J , ' Y : ;

be mwded be made be spoiled

; ,!.;'j ;;;,, , , ! ! 1

:I?t >!

I ' I!! .: I : I

,

- ,

, :r.: ; " I t !

to the bus station from here?

The Passive 293

8 Holly and I are sisters We to each other

of the dark

with her present salary

the beach today, but now we can't go because it's raining

ever met her?

' t ; ! ;

for that job

,,,, , ,

, , ' , ,

EXERCISE 18 Statlve passive (Chart 10-7) , ,,

Directions: Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions K ' ' ' , !

' a

last-minute shoppers

r - ,

9 Ms Brown is opposed the new tax plan

new one

11 Janet doesn't take good care of herself I'm worried her health

EXERCISE 19 Stotive passive (Chart 10-7)

Directions: Work in pairs

p 292, if necessary.) Repeat the entire item, emphasizing the preposition

Example:

SPEAKER A (book open): I'm worried

SPEAKER B (book closed): about something

SPEAKER A (book open): Right I'm worried about something

1 I'm interested

3 I'm scared

4 I'm related

5 I'm disappointed

6 I'm qualified

7 I'm satisfied

Switch roles

12 I'm excited

16 I'm finished

18 I'm involved Repeat the exercise Use only the past participles as cues, and make your own sentences

Example: worried

SPEAKER A: worried

SPEAKER B: The students are womed about the next test