Fundamentals of english grammar third edition part 6 ppsx

CONTENTS 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-3 Forms of the simp

EXERCISE 23 Error analysis: present verbs (Chapter 1) : - - ? '

r:-%:~.: Directions: Correct the errors in verb tense usage ,

3

,.a;'

>,,, ~ ,

k:i:% (1) My friend Omar : -his own car now It's brand new.* Today he driving

+.+, *: ~ ' =

.~,?4.&'q?:&y, <

&'Sj ',

#

, I to a small town north of the city to visit his aunt He love to listen to music, so the CD

+ , ,-, , .-

k'6 j' player is play one of his favorite CDs-loudly Omar is very happy: he is drive his own

'TW '

car and listen to loud music He's look forward to his visit with his aunt

(2) Omar is visiting his aunt once a week She's elderly and live alone She is

thinking Omar a wonderful nephew She love his visits He try to be helpful and

considerate in every way His aunt don't hearing well, so Omar is speaks loudly and

dearly when he's with her

(3) When he's there, he fiu things for her around her apartment and help her with

her shopping He isn't staying with her overnight He usually is staying for a few hours

and then is heading back to the city He kiss his aunt good-bye and give her a hug

before he is leaving Omar is a very good nephew

*Brand new means "completely new?

Present Time 23

CONTENTS

2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-6 The principal parts of a verb

2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list

2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-9 Forms of the past progressive

2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of -ed 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses

2-5 Spelling of -ing and -ed forms

EXERCISE 1 Review of present verbs and preview of past verbs (Chapters 1 and 2)

Direcrions: Discuss the italicized verbs Do thw exuress mesent time or oast time? Do the -

verbs describe an activity or situation that

a is in progress right now?

b is usual or is a general statement of fact?

c began and ended in the past?

d was in progress at a time in the past?

1 Jennifer works for an insurance company

2 When people need help with their

automobile insurance, they call her

3 Right now it is 9:05 A.M., and Jennifer is

sifiing at her desk

4 She came to work on time this morning

5 Yesterday Jennifer wac late to work because

she had a minor auto accident

6 W i l e she wos driving to work, her cell

phone mng

7 She answered it It was her friend Rob

8 She was happy to hear from him because she likes Rob a lot and always enjoys her conversations with him

9 While they were talking, Jennifer, who is allergic to bee srings, norieed two bees in her car

L , ' 10 She quickly opened the car windows and swaned at the bees while she was talking to

Rob on the phone

11 Her hands lefr the steering wheel, and she lost control of the car Her car run into a

row of mailboxes beside the road and swpped

12 Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident

13 Jennifer is okay, but her car isn't It nee& repairs

14 When Jennifer got to work this morning, she talked to her own automobile insurance agent

15 That was easy to do because he works at the desk right next to hers

I I,

downtown yestemhay The simple past is used to talk about activities or

I$) I & i t for eight hours larr night situations that began and ended in the past (e.g.,

yertmday, last nighr, tcuo days ago, in 1999)

(c) Bob stayed home yesterday morning Most simple past verbs are formed by adding -ed to a (d) Our plane adbed on time last night verb, as in (a), (c), and (d)

(e) I a& breakfast this morning Some verbs have irregular past forms, as in @), (e), and Cf) Sue took a taxi to the airport yesterday (f) See Chart 2-7, p 33

(g) I waa busy yesterday The simple past forms of be are was and wow

I-You-She-He-It-We-T%ey w d e d yesterday

I-You-She-He-It-We-Thev did not (didn't) work yesterday

I QuasnoN 1 Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they work yesterday?

1 s ~ ~ r a u s m 1 I-She-He-It was in class yesterday

We-You-They were in class yesterday I-She-HcIt waa not (wasn't) in class yesterday

We-You-Thw were not (weren't) in class yesterday

", ,, ,

Hkrrs we-vou-thw in class yesterday?

Yes, I-she-he-it was Yes, we-you-they were

No, I-she-he-it wasn't No, we-you-they weren't

0 EXERCISE 2 Present and past tlme: statements and negatives

(Chapter 1 and Charts 2-1 -r 2-3)

Directions: All of the following sentences have inaccurate information Correct them by (a) making a negative statement, and

(b) making an affirmative statement with accurate information

1 Thomas Edison invented the telephone

-r (a) Thomas Edison didn't immt the telephone

(b) Alexander *ham Bell itwented the telephone

2 You live in a tree

3 You took a taxi to school today

4 You're sitting on a soft, comfortable sofa

5 Our teacher wrote Romeo and Juliet

6 Our teacher's name is William Shakespeare

7 You were on a cruise ship i n t h e Mediterranean

Sea yesterday

8 Rocks float and wood sinks

9 The teacher flew into the classroom today

10 Spiders have six legs

EXERCISE 3 Present and past time: statements and negatives

(Chapter 1 and Charts 2-1 + 2-3)

Directions: Correct the inaccurate statements by using negative then f i m a t i v e sentences

Some verbs are past, and some are present Work as a class (with the teacher as Speaker

A) or in pairs Only Speaker A's book is open

Example: ( )* left the classroom ten minutes ago

Rosa is still here She's sitting next to Kim

2 ( ) is standing in the comer of the classroom

3 ( ) stands in a comer of the classroom during class each day ,

4 ( ) stood in a corner during class yesterday

5 This book has a green cover

6 Shakespeare wrote novels

7 A river flows b m the bottom of a valley to the top of a mountain

8 We cook food in a reffigerator

(Switch mks ifworking in pairs.1,lit;p , .,

9 ( ) taught this class yr lay

10 Butterflies have ten leas -

, * 11 This morning, you drove to school in a (name of a kind of car)

12 ( ) takes a helicopter to get to school every day

,; &

14 This room has (supply an incowect number) windows ,

15 ( ) and you studied together at the library last night 'L

! , , , ,

16 ( ) went to (an impossible place) yesterday

t : ' -

EXERCISE 4 Present and past tlme: statements and negatives : ,

(Chapter 1, Charts 2-1 - 2-3)

Directions: Work in pairs

Speaker A: Your book is open Complete each sentence to make an INACCURATE

statement

Speaker B: Your book is closed Correct Speaker A's statement, fust by using a negative

sentence and then by giving correct information

.-y-,ini-,fi r;.:::.): ?:

, I SPEAWR B (book closed): No, people don't have tails Dogs have tails Cats have tails

B i i s have tails But people don't have tails

1 islare blue

2 You ate for breakfast this morning

3 Automobiles have

4 You last night

5 sat next to you in class yesterday

6 is from Russia HelShe speaks Russian

7 is talking to right now

8 was late for class today

Switch roles

9 left class early yesterday

10 hashave six legs

1 1 was singing a song when the teacher walked into the room today

12 wore a black suit to class yesterday

13 islare watching a video right now

14 You last weekend

15 People in ancient times

16 islare delicious, inexpensive, and good for you

EXERCISE 5 Pronunclotion of -ED endings (Chart 2-4)

Directions: Wjite the correct pronunciations and practice saying the words aloud

1 cooked = cooW t / 6 dropped = drop/ I 11 returned = return1 I

2 served = serve/ d / 7 pulled = pull/ I 12 touched = touch1 /

3 wanted = want/ a d 1 8 pushed = push1 I 13 waved = wave/ /

4 asked = asW 1 9 added = add1 / 14 pointed = point/ /

5 started = start/ / 10 passed = pass1 15 agreed = agree/ I

(a) talked = talWtl Final -ed is pronounced It/ after voiceless sounds

stopped = stoplti You make a voiceless sound by pushing air through your mouth No

28 CHAPTER 2

hissed = hisslti

watched = wat&tl

washed = wash/t/

(b) called = cawdl

rained = rainla

lived = liveid

robbed = robldl

stayed = stayldl

(c) waited = waitladl

needed = needad

sound comes from your throat

Examples of voiceless sounds: IW, /p/, Is/, I&, Ishi

Final -ed is pronounced I d after voiced sounds

You make a voiced sound fiom your throat Your voice box vibrates Examples of voiced sounds: N, 1111, Ivl, Ibl, and all vowel sounds

Final -ed is pronounced /ad/ after "t" and "d" sounds l a d adds a syllable to a word

0 EXERCISE 6 Pronunclatlon of I D endings (Chart 2-4)

iKo

:onsonants

k o vowels

:onsonant

h e Vowel

:onsonant

-ing form: Drop the -e,

add -ing

or -ed

If the verb ends in two

add -inn or -ed

one consonant, double the

syllable verb is stressed, do not double the consonant

If the second syllable of a two-syllable verb is suessed, double the consonant

If the verb ends in a vowel

+ y , keep the y Do not

If the verb ends in a

the -ed form

-ing form: Change the -ie