Câu 130 Read the text and choose the best answer. There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except February has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. A blue moon could best be described as a. a full moon that is blue in color b. a new moon that is not blue in color c. a new moon that is blue in color d. a full moon that is not blue in color(Đ) Câu 131 Read the text and complete the sentence below. COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report. This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today. If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g. a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it. You need to follow these steps: •Find out precisely what is expected of you. Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document. •Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate. •Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it. A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort. a. study b. production c. investigation d. written explanation(Đ) Câu 132 Read the text and choose the best answer. This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia. Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days. There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing. Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors a. the sudden movements required during their daily activities(Đ) b. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes c. the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others d. their size compared to that of modern man Câu 133 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph. The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years. However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop. Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe. a. How the reaction principle b. The impact of the reaction principle(Đ) c. The first use of steam d. Writers’ theories of the reaction principle Câu 134 Read the text and choose the best answer. This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness. Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia. Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both. For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill. Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children. If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip. Women may have gathered food every two or three days. There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing. Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors? a. the difficulties involved in finding food(Đ) b. the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others c. their size compared to that of modem man d. the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes Câu 135 Read the text and choose the best answer. There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. How many blue moons would there most likely be in a century? a. 70 b. 35(Đ) c. 100 d. 4 Câu 136 Read the text and choose the best answer. De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos. 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says. Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming. He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions. To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration. These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders. Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful? a. aerobic exercise(Đ) b. trekking c. walking d. hitting softballs Câu 137 Read the text and choose the best answer. These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated. The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees. These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate. It can be inferred from the passage that the killer bee a. did not exist early in the twentieth century(Đ) b. was a predecessor of the African bee c. was carried from Africa to Brazil in 1955 d. traveled from Brazil to Africa in 1955 Câu 138 Read the text and choose the best answer. To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire. It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland. I would call it simply the Fence. For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers. The eccentric route, prescribed mostly by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains. How does the author feel about the fence? a. delighted b. shocked c. annoyed d. impressed(Đ) Câu 139 Read the text and choose the best answer. Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year. But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike. The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up. EPRI receives financial support from a. Japan b. the United States c. power companies(Đ) d. the University of Florida Câu 140 Read the text and choose the best answer. Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target. In the paragraph the writer suggests that……. a. there are several ways to avoid city pollution.(Đ) b. Americans spend too little time outdoors. c. people should avoid working in cities. d. hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs. Câu 141 Read the text and choose the best answer. Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone. As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target. And there is damage to property too. Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year. But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back. Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike. The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in . EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes. ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up. According to the text, every year lightning….. a. kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States b. kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world. c. damages more than 100 American power companies. d. does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms(Đ) Câu 142 Read the text and choose the best answer. These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated. The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees. These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate. The word “inflated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by a. exaggerated(Đ) b. aired c. blown d. burst Câu 143 Read the text and choose the best answer. These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated. The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees. These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate. The pronoun "They" in paragraph 3 refers to a. fatalities b. humans and animals c. experts(Đ) d. killer bees Câu 144 Read the text and choose the best answer. While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage, it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home. The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen. The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a….. a. ship refuelling in the harbour.(Đ) b. deliberate act of sabotage. c. tanker pumping oil into the sea. d. collision between two oil tankers Câu 145 Read the text and choose the best answer. There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. Which of the following might be the date of a “blue moon"? a. April 15 b. January 1 c. December 31(Đ) d. February 28 Câu 146 Read the text and choose the best answer. Less than three years ago, doom merchants were predicting that the growth in video games and the rise of the Internet would sound the death knell for children’s literature. But contrary to popular myth, children are reading more books than ever. A recent survey by Books Marketing found that children up to the age of 11 read on average for four hours a week, particularly girls. What is the main idea of this paragraph? a. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book b. Children will read many books by an author that they like. c. an inaccurate forecast regarding the reading habits of children(Đ) d. We are experiencing a rise in the popularity of children’s literature. Câu 147 Read the text and choose the most suitable heading. Essays, whether written as part of a secondary school programme or further education course, are designed to test your thinking, writing and study skills. Creative essays offer you the freedom to demonstrate your abilities to communicate effectively. Analytical essays, on the other hand, will require you to show that you have researched the topic and drawn on the work of others to come to your conclusion. a. Types of essay and their purpose (Đ) b. Gathering source material c. Open-ended essays d. The importance of focusing on the task Câu 148 Read the text and choose the best answer. Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina—hence its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks. People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one’s diet. Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal……. a. can become an ongoing problem. b. are usually short-lived.(Đ) c. lasts 1 month. d. may last as long as a week. Câu 149 Read the text and choose the best answer. ‘People still tell me, “Children don’t read nowadays”,’ says David Almond, the award-winning author of children’s books such as Skellig. The truth is that they are skilled, creative readers. When I do classroom visits, they ask me very sophisticated questions about use of language, story structure, chapters and dialogue.’ No one is denying that books are competing with other forms of entertainment for children’s attention but it seems as though children find a special kind of mental nourishment within the printed page. What is the main idea of this paragraph? a. Children will read many books by an author that they like. b. the undervaluing of children’s society c. the fact that children are able to identify and discuss the important elements of fiction(Đ) d. Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book Câu 150 Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement. Hiring a Car Online Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall revs up his mouse Cash.com.uk One to consider if you’re going to the States, although, after I'd worked through half the booking process, it returned an error message without telling me which element of the procedure needed adjusting. I got there in the end. There is an inspirational section with detailed directions for some of the great drives of America. Expeed.org.uk Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak. Cutprice.com Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere. Hot.org Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation system. Assistance is provided with some holiday routes. a. Cutprice.com b. Hot.org c. Cash.com.uk(Đ) d. Expeed.org.uk Câu 151 Read the text and choose the best answer. Flowering plants have evolved a variety of methods for signaling2 their usefulness to pollinators or for otherwise making their work easier. Butterflies are attracted to flowers that are open during the day, are bright—typically red, yellow, or orange— and have a “landing platform.” In contrast, many moths are active at night and thus are attracted to flowers that are pale or white, have a strong fragrance, but also have broad areas to land on. Both butterflies and moths have long tongues and have coevolved with plants that have developed deep sources of nectar that are available only to certain species. Hummingbirds are also attracted by color3 especially by bright reds, and flowers that attract these tiny birds also have strong stems and are designed for pollen to be brushed on the hummingbirds’ heads as they sip nectar. Certain flowers have evolved to be pollinated by hummingbirds. a. FALSE b. TRUE(Đ) c. NOT GIVEN Câu 152 Read the text and choose the best answer. There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around? a. For 200 years b. For more than 100 years (Đ) c. For around 50 years d. For less than 100 years Câu 153 Read the text and choose the best answer. Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction. A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely. The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks. The word "clear" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to….. a. bright b. exact (Đ) c. unobstructed d. transparent Câu 154 Read the text and choose the best answer. Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction. A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely. The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks. According to the passage, in what circumstances do hummingbirds build a second nest? a. If there is an unusually large supply of food b. If the chicks in the first nest hatch early c. If the eggs are destroyed early in the season (Đ) d. If the winter is unusually warm Câu 91 Read the text and choose the best answer. The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air. The Corsi research team hypothesised that….. a. city water contains insufficient chlorine. b. household appliances are poorly designed. c. pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths. (Đ) d. toxic chemicals can pass from air to water. Câu 155 Read the text and choose the best answer. These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated. The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees. These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate. Why were African bees considered beneficial? a. They hid from inclement weather. b. They produced an unusual type of honey. c. They spent their time traveling. d. They were very aggressive. (Đ) Câu 156 Read the text and choose the best answer. These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated. The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees. These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred. Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause. A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature. However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim. In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees. As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting. The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim. Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate. It is stated in the passage that killer bees a. are less aggressive than African bees (Đ) b. never attack animals c. always attack African bees d. are more deadly than African bees Câu 157 Read the text and choose the best answer. Though most children are not diagnosed with dyslexia until they enter the school system, there are some early signs of the disability. Toddlers who talk much later than average, have difficulty learning new words, or do not understand the concept of rhyming may develop other dyslexic symptoms. As children begin school, teachers are trained to look for warning signs, such as an inability to recognize2 letters or spaces between words on a page or difficulty following instructions given with more than one command at a time. Properly screening children for dyslexia is important since other factors can limit reading abilities, including vision or hearing impairment, anxiety, or other neurological problems. Which of the following is the sign of dyslexia mentioned in the passage? a. inability to give commands b. leaving big spaces between words c. learning to talk at a later than normal age (Đ) d. difficulty turning the pages of a book Câu 158 Read the text and choose the best answer. Pollinators play a major role in agriculture. While many staple crops such as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on pollinator species for many fruit, vegetable, nut, and seed crops. Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species. Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton. Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia). Close to one third of the world’s harvest depends on animals for pollination. a. NOT GIVEN b. FALSE c. TRUE (Đ) Câu 159 Read the text and choose the best answer. There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon. When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while. This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century. The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month. Instead, it is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very beginning of March). It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade. The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue. Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth. The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint. This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today. Another example occurred more than a century later. When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint. The expression "given rise to” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by a. created a need for b. brightened the color of c. elevated the level of d. spurred the creation of (Đ) Câu 28 Read the text and choose the best answer. Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado Rockies of the western United States. After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks. A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season. Quality, not quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction. A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young. Male hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part in nesting. Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded. While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely. The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it. A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site. Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk. By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks. The word "counts" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to…. a. estimates b. matters(Đ) c. numbers d. weighs Câu 160 Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement. Hiring a Car Online Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall revs up his mouse Cash.com.uk One to consider if you’re going to the States, although, after I'd worked through half the booking process, it returned an error message without telling me which element of the procedure needed adjusting. I got there in the end. There is an inspirational section with detailed directions for some of the great drives of America. Expeed.org.uk Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak. Cutprice.com Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere. Hot.org Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation system. You can only hire a car in certain locations. a. Cutprice.com b. Hot.org c. Cash.com.uk d. Expeed.org.uk (Đ) Câu 33 Read the text and choose the best answer. Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina—hence its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks. People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases. Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people. There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one’s diet. Some athletes use caffeine to….. a. improve their reaction b. improve their speed. c. increase their endurance.(Đ) d. maintain their alertness. Câu 161 Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement. Hiring a Car Online Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall revs up his mouse Cash.com.uk One to consider if you’re going to the States, although, after I'd worked through half the booking process, it returned an error message without telling me which element of the procedure needed adjusting. I got there in the end. There is an inspirational section with detailed directions for some of the great drives of America. Expeed.org.uk Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak. Cutprice.com Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere. Hot.org Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation system. You will get cheaper car hire if you have used the company before. a. Cash.com.uk b. Cutprice.com(Đ) c. Expeed.org.uk d. Hot.org Câu 162 Read the text and match the car-hire websites to the statement. Hiring a Car Online Online car hire promises to be cheap, quick and convenient. But is it? Neil McDougall revs up his mouse Expeed.org.uk Book a flight with Expeed and when you continue on to the car-hire section, the software already knows where you are going and when. However, you seem to be restricted to cities with airports for your car hire, and additional taxes are presented in travel- agent speak. Cutprice.com Is currently offering an aggressive lowest rates guarantee, an extra discount for former Holtravel clients and a package of free gifts to sweeten the deal. It also commits to no insurance excess on any of their rentals anywhere. Hot.org Straightforward to navigate, with plenty of information on rental requirements and rules of operation. There are photographs of the types of vehicles available, leaving no doubt what a 'premium' or 'compact' car is. It took me just seconds to start reserving a car but then the whole thing ground to a halt and refused all attempts to access the reservation system. Cheapandcheerful.net.uk Avoids unnecessary embellishments online but the booking procedure is as good as it gets. Enter how many miles you expect to drive and tick your insurance, driver and child-seat choices and they will all be included in the final price. You must contact the location directly if you need a car within 3 days. And to hire a car abroad, there's a dull email form to fill in and they'll get back to you. The site is suited to people with up-to-date hardware. a. Cheapandcheerful.net.uk(Đ) b. Expeed.org.uk c. Hot.org d. Cutprice.com Câu 163 Read the text and choose the most suitable heading. Use a variety of relevant background texts, refer to your lecture notes and heed any advice given by your lecturer. When you collect material, always ask yourself what questions need to be answered and then take good notes in your own words. Begin notes on each source on a new page and do not forget to record details of the author, title of the book and date of publication. Remember that copying words from another writer's work without acknowledging the source constitutes the serious crime of plagiarism. a. The importance of focusing on the task b. Types of essay and their purpose c. Open-ended essays d. Gathering source material(Đ) Câu 164 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph. An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice. Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of civilisation until the twentieth century. Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality of sophisticated astronauts. It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth century. The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of travelling through space to a neighbouring world. a. Writers’ theories of the reaction principle b. The first use of steam c. How the reaction principle d. The impact of the reaction principle Câu trả lời không đúng
Trang 1ĐÁP ÁN TRẮC NGHIỆM ĐỌC TIẾNG ANH 6_EN40_02 TÍN CHỈ - SOẠN
TỰ ĐỘNG - SOẠN NGÀY 02.05.2025 - THI TỰ LUẬN
Ghi chú (Đ) là đáp án
Câu 1
Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph.
The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two
thousand years However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction
principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration
of the universe.
a How the reaction principle
b The first use of steam
c The impact of the reaction principle(Đ)
d Writers’ theories of the reaction principle
Câu 2
In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may
contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on
demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species
extinctions even if, on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most
Trang 2animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural
selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance
is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may
increase to several thousand.
An imblance of the sexes.
In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may
contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on
demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species
extinctions even if, on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if
Trang 3there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural
selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance
is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may
increase to several thousand.
Loss of ability to adapt.
In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may
contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on
demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species
extinctions even if, on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
Trang 4B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural
selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance
is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may
increase to several thousand.
In paragraphs A to D the author describes four processes which may
contribute to the extinction of a species Match the process to the suitable paragraph.
A Early attempts to predict population viability were based on
demographic uncertainty Whether an individual survives from one year to the next will largely be a matter of chance Some pairs may produce several young in a single year while others may produce none in that same year Small populations will fluctuate enormously because of the random nature
of birth and death and these chance fluctuations can cause species
extinctions even if, on average, the population size should increase Taking only this uncertainty of ability to reproduce into account, extinction is
Trang 5unlikely if the number of individuals in a population is above about 50 and the population is growing.
B Small populations cannot avoid a certain amount of inbreeding This is particularly true if there is a very small number of one sex For example, if there are only 20 individuals of a species and only one is a male, all future individuals in the species must be descended from that one male For most animal species such individuals are less likely to survive and reproduce Inbreeding increases the chance of extinction.
C Variation within a species is the raw material upon which natural
selection acts Without genetic variability a species lacks the capacity to evolve and cannot adapt to changes in its environment or to new predators and new diseases The loss of genetic diversity associated with reductions in population size will contribute to the likelihood of extinction.
D Recent research has shown that other factors need to be considered Australia’s environment fluctuates enormously from year to year These fluctuations add yet another degree of uncertainty to the survival of many species Catastrophes such as fire, flood, drought or epidemic may reduce population sizes to a small fraction of their average level When allowance
is made for these two additional elements of uncertainty the population size necessary to be confident of persistence for a few hundred years may
increase to several thousand.
The haphazard nature of reproduction.
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to
Trang 6There are………types of assignment to choose from.
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.
A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort.
Trang 7Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan,
wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also
Trang 8COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan,
wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that
students…………
a ask for a help from the tutor
b take advantage of IT
c work plan backwards(Đ)
d write the outline
Trang 9Câu 10
Read the text and complete the sentence below.
COURSE GUIDELINES
Assignments
Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.
Choosing a topic
Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan,
wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD).
There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.
You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.
Topics must be based on………
a a real-life problem(Đ)
b computer-aided design
c safety and costs
Trang 10Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact
(something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an
investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it.
You need to follow these steps:
•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.
•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.
•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.
In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised
Read the text and choose the best answer.
‘The dingo started out as a quiet observer,’ writes Roland Breckwoldt, in A Very Elegant Animal: The Dingo, ‘but soon came to represent everything that was dark and dangerous on the continent.’ It is estimated that since sheep arrived in Australia, dingo numbers have increased a hundredfold Though dingoes have been eradicated from parts of Australia, an educated guess puts the population at more than a million.
Eventually government officials and graziers agreed that one
well-maintained fence, placed on the outer rim of sheep country and paid for by
Trang 11taxes levied on woolgrowers, should supplant the maze of private netting
By 1960, three states joined their barriers to form a single dog fence.
Dingoes have flourished as a result of the sheep industry.
a FALSE
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE(Đ)
Câu 13
Read the text and choose the best answer.
A few years ago, publishers lost confidence and wanted to make books more like television, the medium that frightened them most,’ says children’s book critic Julia Eccleshare ‘But books aren’t TV, and you will find that
children always say that the good thing about books is that you can see them in your head Children are demanding readers,’ she says ‘If they don’t get it in two pages, they’ll drop it.’
No more are children’s authors considered mere sentimentalists or failed adult writers 'Some feted adult writers would kill for the sales,’ says
Almond, who sold 42,392 copies of Skellig in 1999 alone And advances seem to be growing too: UK publishing outfit Orion recently negotiated a six-figure sum from US company Scholastic for The Seeing Stone, a
children's novel by Kevin Crossley-Holland, the majority of which will go to the author.
Which company has just invested heavily in an unpublished children’s book?
Trang 12plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next
summer.
Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their
fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive
meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other
meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing
lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting
researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.
summer.
Trang 13Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their
fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive
meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other
meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing
lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting
researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to its………
summer.
Trang 14Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein
predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.
Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their
fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive
meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says.
And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other
meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing
lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting
researchers could, for the first time, strike back.
Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.
a FALSE
b NOT GIVEN(Đ)
c TRUE
Câu 17
Read the text and choose the best answer.
A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog To protect their livelihood, the farmers built a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific Ocean.
Why was the fence built?
a to act as a boundary between properties
b to protect the Australian wool industry(Đ)
c to separate the sheep from the cattle
Trang 15d to stop the dingoes from being slaughtered by farmers
Câu 18
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense
exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water
or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern
hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty
of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.
Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and
thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human
Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about
evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of our ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark.
Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies
in terms of their…
a ability to withstand high temperatures
b healthy mix of work and leisure activities
c refusal to change their way of life
Trang 16Câu 19
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of a 32-year-old Although De Vany is sceptical of such
assessments, he knows he's in good shape His former career as a
professional baseball player may have something to do with it, but he
attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the
lifestyles of our Palaeolithic ancestors.
What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?
a He believes he has inherited a strong body
b He frequently tests his health
c He is older than he appears to be
d He works as a professional sports player
Câu 20
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling It is enough to make you want to stay at home But that, according
to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.
In the paragraph the writer suggests that…….
a Americans spend too little time outdoors
b hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbs
c people should avoid working in cities
d there are several ways to avoid city pollution.(Đ)
Câu 21
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bad behaviour
Trang 17But while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protection from lightning strikes that everyone is looking for The rockets cost around
$1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate is about 40 per cent And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do not always go according to plan ‘Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,’ says Bernstein ‘Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn’t supposed to go.’
And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers
to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk With around
$500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.
The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were
revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an
uncontrollable surge To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough
to be installed around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.
a FALSE(Đ)
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE
Câu 22
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light,
making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons
Trang 18have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—
allowing access to the nectar and pollen.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such
as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on pollinator species for many fruit,
vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Bees rarely respond to scent.
a FALSE(Đ)
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE
Câu 23
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light,
making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—
allowing access to the nectar and pollen.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such
as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on pollinator species for many fruit,
vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa),
Trang 19wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Most grain crops are pollinated by insects.
a FALSE(Đ)
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE
Câu 24
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Bees do not see red; thus, flowers that attract bees tend to be blue, yellow, purple, or other colors Many bee attractors also have nectar guides, which are spots near the center1 of each flower that reflect ultraviolet light,
making it easier for the bees to find the nectar Bees are also attracted to flowers with a mintlike or sweet smell Snapdragons not only attract bees visually, they are adapted to appeal to certain bee species: snapdragons have a landing platform that, if the bee is the correct weight, opens—
allowing access to the nectar and pollen.
Pollinators play a major role in agriculture While many staple crops such
as rice, corn, canola, and wheat are self-pollinating or pollinated by the wind, farmers are dependent on pollinator species for many fruit,
vegetable, nut, and seed crops Over 30 percent of the world’s crops require the work of pollinator species Bees are the most common agricultural pollinators, with crops including fruit trees such as apples and cherries; vegetables such as squash, beans, tomatoes, and eggplant; flowering shrubs and annual and perennial flowers; forage crops such as clover and alfalfa; and fiber2 crops such as cotton Other pollinators include midges (cocoa), wasps (figs), moths (yucca, papaya), butterflies (asters, daisies, marigolds), and even a few species of bats (agave, palms, durians) and hummingbirds (fuchsia).
Special markings on a flower help bees to locate the nectar.
Trang 20Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the male tailed hummingbird?
broad-a It finds food for the female and the chicks
b It is not involved in caring for the chicks
c It protects the nest while the female searches for food
d It shares nesting duties equally with the female
Câu 26
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need
Trang 21six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
It can be inferred from the passage that the broad-tailed hummingbirds' eggs and chicks are most vulnerable to attacks by …….
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
Trang 22A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
The word "clear" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While
Trang 23the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
The word "counts" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to….
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
Trang 24The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
The word "they" in paragraph 2 refers to…….
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Broad-tailed hummingbirds often nest in quaking aspens, slender
deciduous trees with smooth, gray-green bark found in the Colorado
Rockies of the western United States After flying some 2,000 kilometers north from where they have wintered in Mexico, the hummingbirds need six weeks to build a nest, incubate their eggs, and raise the chicks A second nest is feasible only if the first fails early in the season Quality, not
quantity, is what counts in hummingbird reproduction.
A nest on the lowest intact branch of an aspen will give a hummingbird a good view, a clear flight path, and protection for her young Male
hummingbirds claim feeding territories in open meadows where, from late May through June, they mate with females coming to feed but take no part
in nesting Thus when the hen is away to feed, the nest is unguarded While the smooth bark of the aspen trunk generally offers a poor grip for the claws of a hungry squirrel or weasel, aerial attacks, from a hawk, owl, or gray jay, are more likely.
The choice of where to build the nest is based not only on the branch itself but also on what hangs over it A crooked deformity in the nest branch, a second, unusually close branch overhead, or proximity to part of a trunk bowed by a past ice storm are features that provide shelter and make for an attractive nest site Scarcely larger than a halved golf ball, the nest is
Trang 25painstakingly constructed of spiderwebs and plant down, decorated and camouflaged outside with paper-like bits of aspen bark held together with more strands of spider silk By early June it will hold two pea-sized eggs, which each weigh one-seventh of the mother's weight, and in sixteen to nineteen days, two chicks.
What aspect of broad-tailed hummingbird behavior does the passage
Read the text and choose the best answer.
By 870, the Vikings were settling Iceland In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man named Eric “the Red” Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile Eric the Red responded by sailing to a large island to the west, which he called “Greenland.” An Icelandic saga mentions that people
would be attracted to go to Greenland if it had a favorable2 name Around
998, Eric the Red’s son, Leif “the Lucky” Ericson, and a small Viking fleet sailed west to North America There they established the first European settlement in the New World, called “Vinland.”
Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much
of the country’s north and east They forced the English king to
acknowledge their control of much of England under the so-called Danelaw.
To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort The Vikings remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.
When did Vikings establish a fort in Ireland?
Trang 26Read the text and choose the best answer.
By 870, the Vikings were settling Iceland In 980, an Icelandic assembly found a man named Eric “the Red” Ericson guilty of murder and sent him into exile Eric the Red responded by sailing to a large island to the west, which he called “Greenland.” An Icelandic saga mentions that people
would be attracted to go to Greenland if it had a favorable2 name Around
998, Eric the Red’s son, Leif “the Lucky” Ericson, and a small Viking fleet sailed west to North America There they established the first European settlement in the New World, called “Vinland.”
Vikings from Denmark, meanwhile, ravaged large swaths of England and France In 866, a Viking “Great Army” landed in England, occupying much
of the country’s north and east They forced the English king to
acknowledge their control of much of England under the so-called Danelaw.
To the west, they conquered coastal portions of Ireland, and in 841 founded Dublin, today a major Irish city, but originally a Viking fort The Vikings remained a major power in Ireland until the early eleventh century.
When was Eric the Red convicted of a crime?
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep, but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert Research has shown that sleep- deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities, at least in the short term Studies of
runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina— hence its addition to energy- boosting sports drinks.
People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms, headache being the most common, if they quit or cut back on it abruptly Fortunately, these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side
effects of caffeine may want to avoid it, but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people
Trang 27There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one’s diet.
Some athletes use caffeine to…
a improve their reaction
b improve their speed
c increase their endurance
d maintain their alertness
Câu 34
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Trang 28Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added
to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….
a arrive early on the departure date
b ask when you get on the coach
c avoid travelling at peak times
d book your seat well in advance(Đ)
Câu 35
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the
Trang 29coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added
to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Your air tickets……
a may be held by your coach driver.(Đ)
b must be collected before leaving
c will be enclosed with other documents
d will be sent to your departure point
Câu 36
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Trang 30Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
Trang 31guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
Entertainment is available…….
Entertainment is available……
a at all hotels
b for an additional cost
c if there is the demand(Đ)
d upon request
Câu 37
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Trang 32Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
If you need a special diet you should……
If you need a special diet you should
Read the text and choose the best answer.
a book tourist class
b inform the hotel when you arrive
c pay extra with the booking
d tell the coach company.(Đ)
Câu 38
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Trang 33early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
It may be necessary to pay extra for……
a a bathroom.(Đ)
b additional luggage
Trang 34c boat tickets.
d entertainment
Câu 39
Read the text and choose the best answer.
CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information
Travel Documents
When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point.
Special Diets
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with
a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
Accommodation
Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking
the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account.
Trang 35On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When
a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page.
insufficient numbers in the hotel.
With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……
a request high quality meals
b see a film if you want to
c take hand luggage on the coach.(Đ)
d use your own personal bathroom
Câu 40
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Children’s books are surprisingly relevant to contemporary life Provided they are handled with care, few topics are considered off-limits for children One senses that children’s writers relish the chance to discuss the whole area of topics and language But Anne Fine, author of many award-
winning children’s books is concerned that the British literati still ignore children’s culture ‘It’s considered worthy but boring,’ she says.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
a Children are quick to decide whether they like or dislike a book
b Children will read many books by an author that they like
c the impact of a particular fictional character on the sales of children’s books
d the undervaluing of children’s society(Đ)
Câu 41
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise
should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by
Trang 36routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise
programmeshould include?
a ascending weights and descending repetitions
b intensity and duration
c non-linear and dynamic
d order and chaos(Đ)
Câu 42
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise
should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise
should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to
Trang 37health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders.
Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and
frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a
professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences
at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….
a exercise harder but for less time.(Đ)
b exercise less frequently
c give their muscles more time to recover from exercise
d learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise
Câu 45
Read the text and choose the best answer.
De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and
frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a
professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences
at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.
Trang 38This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of
growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer
ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods
of activity and long stretches of inertia.
What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy One hypothesis suggests that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two different points When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word and the other focuses
on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking
a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for
connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form
of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families.
People with dyslexia often read in reverse.
Trang 39Determining the definite cause of dyslexia is a difficult task since studies of the morphology of the brain are generally conducted in an autopsy One hypothesis suggests that dyslexic children suffer from “strabismus,” the tendency of the eyes to focus on two different points When reading, for example, one eye focuses on the beginning of the word and the other focuses
on the end This theory could explain why dyslexics have difficulty reading Many dyslexic children read letters and words backwards, often mistaking
a b for a d or reading was instead of saw These reversals are normal for children under the age of six, but indicate a problem if they persist beyond the early elementary grades Neurological research points to tiny flaws in the dyslexic brain called ectopias and microgyria These flaws alter the structure of the cortex, the area of the brain that is responsible for
connecting visual and audio processing Genetic research, often in the form
of twins studies, shows that dyslexia may be passed on in families.
There is a tendency for dyslexia between twins.
a FALSE
b NOT GIVEN(Đ)
c TRUE
Câu 48
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Dyslexia is a type of learning disorder that can often be compensated for with therapy and motivational techniques Phonological training, which involves identifying and separating sound patterns, is the most common form of therapy used in the school system Depending on the severity of the disorder, dyslexic children are pulled from regular classroom activities in order to work one-on-one with a language specialist Studies have shown that activity in the right temporoparietal cortex tends to increase after sufficient phonological training Improvements in visual focus can
sometimes be achieved when students are given an eye patch to wear while they learn to read Encouraging children to use many senses while reading also has proven benefits Some teachers find that having students listen to a book on tape before reading the text can help with information processing
as well.
Scientists are looking for a drug treatment for dyslexia.
a FALSE
b NOT GIVEN(Đ)
Trang 40c TRUE
Câu 49
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Dyslexia, also referred to as “specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a person’s ability to read and write Dyslexics have difficulty
connecting visual symbols (i.e., letters) with their corresponding sounds Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory Dyslexia is the most common
learning disability in children It is not related to intellectual ability, vision,
or access to education Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children
in North America suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the
elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell Dyslexia is a disorder related to intelligence.
a FALSE(Đ)
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE
Câu 50
Read the text and choose the best answer.
Dyslexia, also referred to as “specific reading disability,” predominantly affects a person’s ability to read and write Dyslexics have difficulty
connecting visual symbols (i.e., letters) with their corresponding sounds Many people who suffer from dyslexia also have trouble with enunciation, organization, and short-term memory Dyslexia is the most common
learning disability in children It is not related to intellectual ability, vision,
or access to education Approximately 5-10 percent of school-age children
in North America suffer from the condition, with each case varying in severity Children are generally diagnosed with dyslexia during the
elementary school years when they are learning how to read and spell Dyslexia is usually diagnosed during a child’s first years of school.
a FALSE
b NOT GIVEN
c TRUE(Đ)
Câu 51