500-Word-Formation-Exercises-for-Advanced_ tuyển tập 500 từ vựng tiếng anh nâng cao thi vào cấp 3 chuyên ANh
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Trang 2500 word formation
exercises for Advanced
For self-study or classroom use
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Contents
Reading and Use of English part 3 2
Word formation 2
Identifying parts of speech 2
Understanding affixes 2
Common prefixes 2
Preposition-based prefixes 3
Less frequent prefixes 3
Productive suffixes 4
How to do a word formation task (in study mode) 4
500 word formation exercises 7
Key to exercises 29
Identifying parts of speech 29
Understanding affixes 29
500 word formation exercises 30
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Reading and Use of English part 3
Word formation
As the name clearly indicates, this section of the Advanced exam is designed to test your lexical (vocabulary)
skills In this task there is a text with ten gaps (plus one example), then at the end of each line with a gap you will
see a word in capital letters, e.g USE You must form a new word based on the word in capitals to fill the gap
So, from USE, you might form useful, usefully, usefulness, useless, user, usage, etc
You need to decide what kind of word (i.e part of speech) goes in the gap: an adjective (e.g strong), a verb (e.g
strengthen), a noun (e.g strength) or an adverb (e.g strongly) You must also spell each word correctly and
write IN CAPITAL LETTERS to get the mark - US and UK spellings are both accepted
Candidates who have previously taken the Cambridge First should be able to recognise this part of the exam, and they should also know what kind of changes they are expected to make to get the mark However, while knowledge of prefixes and suffixes is usually the norm at First level, at the Advanced level, candidates are
sometimes tested on the formation of compound nouns (e.g bulletproof) and compound adjectives (e.g
well-mannered) These increase in frequency and complexity by the moment candidates decide to take the
Proficiency, in which less common words are included in the exams Candidates should also be aware that words
can have two prefixes (e.g over-re-act) or two suffixes (e.g weight-less-ness) at the same time, or even have up
to three affixes (e.g over-re-act-ion) However, these are quite infrequent in the test
Identifying parts of speech
1 What part of speech is needed to complete each gap - an adjective, an adverb, a verb or a noun? How do you know? Suggest a word that could fill each gap
Sandilands is one of the most (1) schools in the country A few years ago, it hit the (2)
because of its appointment of a new and rather controversial head Since then scarcely a month has gone by
when it has not (3) in the news for some (4) or another But if you visit the school there is every likelihood that you will be (5) astonished by what you see
2 Complete this table The first row has been completed as an example
While training, candidates should get used to completing a table like this before any word formation exercise they wish to do Not only will candidates learn about prefixes and suffixes, but they will also learn how to work out the meanings of words they don't know, which can be useful for the Reading and Listening Papers
comparison compare comparative,
(in)comparable
comparatively, (in)comparatively (in)stability, stabiliser
high power
observe develop doubt, doubter
Understanding affixes
Common prefixes
• in- (and its variations im- before words beginning with ‘m’ or ‘p’, il- before words beginning with ‘l’, and
ir- before words beginning with ‘r’) can make a word negative, as in inappropriate, incapable,
inaccuracy, inability and imperfect
Trang 5a) EXCESS That film was overrated in my view [people said it was better than it really was] It
was a bad restaurant, with an overpriced menu [too high prices]
b) ABOVE Several of our neighbour’s large trees overhang our garden [their branches go
over our garden]
Our garden is overshadowed by the block of flats next door [the flats cast a
shadow over our garden]
She always felt overshadowed by her older, more successful, sister
[metaphorical use, felt less important than]
c) ACROSS He overstepped the mark when he said that [crossed a barrier into
offensive/unacceptable behaviour]
Will you be staying overnight? [cross from one day to the next]
• under- may indicate (a) less than the desired amount, (b) something below another thing, or (c) some
kind of negative behaviour
a) LESS Don’t underestimate the time it will take [think it will be less than it really is]
The company is seriously understaffed [lacking staff]
b) BELOW It’s quite wet underfoot Did it rain last night? [on the ground, beneath your feet]
The underlying question is a very difficult one [the deeper question]
c) NEGATIVE I wish you would not undermine everything I do [attack, weaken]
He did it in a very underhand way [secretly and possibly dishonestly]
• up- can suggest a change of some kind, often positive
The airline upgraded me to business class [changed my ticket to a better class]
There has been an upturn in the economy [change for the better]
Less frequent prefixes
• con-/com- often suggests mixing things together (often in verbs of communication): converse,
commiserate, condolences, congeal, contaminate, etc
• pro- can often suggest pushing something forward or increasing it: proactive, proliferate,
procrastinate, procreate, etc
• e- can give the idea of something coming out of something
They were ejected from the restaurant for bad behaviour [thrown out; formal]
The machine emitted a loud noise and then stopped working [gave out; formal]
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Productive suffixes
Many suffixes (and prefixes too) are productive [still used to create new words] You might feel
adventurous enough to try coining some words of your own! [creating] The meaning of the example
words below is clear from the meanings of the root and the suffix
• -able can be used productively, whereas -ible never is It combines with verbs to form adjectives Note
that -able means ‘can be’: a washable jacket [one that can be washed] disposable nappies, predictable results avoidable problems a manageable situation.
• -conscious combines with nouns to form compound adjectives that describe people who consider one
aspect of their lives especially important: health-conscious person, class-conscious society,
safety-conscious company, time-safety-conscious workforce.
• -free combines with nouns describing something undesirable to form compound adjectives to describe
nouns without that undesirable aspect: stress-free life, tax-free shop, additive-free food.
• -rich combines with nouns (often chemical or organic substances) to form compound adjectives to
describe nouns with a lot of that substance: fibre-rich diet, calcium-rich foods.
• -led combines with nouns and nationality adjectives to form compound adjectives describing things that
are controlled or influenced by the original noun or nationality: community-led initiative, student-led protest, worker-led uprising.
• -minded combines with adjectives or nouns to form new compound adjectives describing people with
particular characters, opinions or attitudes: like-minded friends [with similar interests] career-minded young women, money-minded managers, high-minded [having high moral standards]
• -proof combines with nouns to form compound adjectives describing things that can resist the damage
or difficulty caused by that noun: ovenproof dish, waterproof jacket, soundproof room, idiot-proof
Instructions
• -related combines with nouns to form compound adjectives to describe one thing as connected with
another: stress-related absence from work, age-related illness.
• -ridden combines with nouns to form compound adjectives describing people or things with a lot of
that noun: guilt-ridden person, crime-ridden city, bedridden [a person who has to stay in bed because
they are ill]
• -worthy combines with nouns to form adjectives that describe people or things that merit whatever the
original noun refers to: newsworthy incident [worth reporting in the news] praiseworthy action/pupil
1 It is an ……… fact that people regret things they have done (ESCAPE)
2 The public use our firm’s car park ……… (LEGAL)
3 There are several reasons for the ……… of the staff (SATISFY)
4 Some ……… parents keep that role even when their kids are grown up (BEAR)
5 ………., there are advantages to living longer (DENY)
6 It is the children’s ……… that will help them cope with life’s problems (BRING)
7 My friend ……… took the other boy’s side (EXPLAIN)
8 Being in a winning team brings an ……… feeling of pride (DESCRIPTION)
How to do a word formation task (in study mode)
Look at the task on the following page:
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The Chinese philosopher Confucius lived in the 6th century BC He is
thought to have lived a rather (0) UNASSUMING life, working on farms
and as a bookkeeper before becoming a teacher His legacy is a
collection of sayings contained in a book called the Analects His teaching
(1) _ centres around the individual cultivating their own
virtue and personal (2) _ This is achieved through devotion
to the family and learning rules of proper behaviour to (3) _
the individual (4) _ With all members of society striving to
follow these rules, the (5) _ is that society as a whole will
function better and be less inclined to stray toward excess.
Confucius believed in (6) meritocracy, or the
advancement of an individual based on their skills, with wealth or family
connections being completely (7) _ The application of this
belief can be seen in university entrance exams, in which a person's score
is the (8) _ means for securing their entry
ASSUME
IDEA STABLE STRONG ETHIC PRESUME BRACE REGARD DOMINATE
1 Read the text quickly without paying attention to the gaps to get a general idea of it.
2 With the help of a dictionary, fill a table with all the possible forms for each word on the right:
STABILITY, INSTABILITY STABILISE, DESTABILISE STABLE, UNSTABLE,
STRENGTHENED
STRONGLY
ETHIC, ETHICS ETHICAL, UNETHICAL ETHICALLY,
UNETHICALLY
EMBRACE, BRACE BRACE, EMBRACE BRACING, EMBRACED
REGARDS REGARD, DISREGARD DISREGARDED,
REGARDED, REGARDING
DOMINANT, PREDOMINANT
DOMINANTLY, PREDOMINANTLY
3 Start by analysing every gap: what comes before and/or after to guess what part of speech you will need.
a In gap 1 we need another noun, as it is preceded by an adjective and is followed by a verb So,
Confucius’ teaching ‘something’ centres around… The only possible option is the ideology, as
‘idealisation’ is more of an abstract noun
b In gap 2 we need again a noun, and from the two possibilities, the positive one (stability) fits
better with the context
c In gap 3 we need a verb, as it is preceded by the infinitive particle ‘to’ So, strengthen is the only
option
d In gap 4 we need an adverb, because it is describing the way an individual’s behaviour should
be strengthened From the two options, only the positive one (ethically) fits the context.
e In gap 5 we need a noun, as it is preceded by the article ‘the’ So, the only choice, presumption
fits the gap
CONFUCIUS
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f Gap 6 is a little tricky In theory, we need a noun, as in “believe in something”, but the gap is
followed by an object, which indicates that a verb must be used instead The other option is
embrace, however, as the verb is also the object of the preposition ‘in’, we must use a gerund
Thus, embracing becomes the answer
g In gap 7 we need an adjective (be + adverb + adjective) So among the three options in the
table, only disregarded carries the negative meaning necessary to explain how the
“advancement of an individual based on their skills” is preferred over “wealth or family”
h In gap 8 we need an adjective with an active meaning that can describe the noun ‘means’ So,
either dominant or predominant can be used interchangeably with pretty much the same meaning Dominated cannot be used as it has a passive meaning.
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500 word formation exercises
1. Many people often make a between London and New York
2. This book as a series of lectures about shipwrecks, which were given two
decades ago
3. There are power stations across Europe that use the rise and fall of the ocean
tides
4. If you weren't so of Ben, he'd be happier to spend time with you
5. Don't you find it how Jeremy always comes to work looking so untidy?
6. Doctors say a glass of warm milk before bedtime can result in a more night's
sleep
7. Tim-Berners Lee has received many awards as the of the world wide web
8. On the final day, we visited the Victoria Falls and then flew home
9. The book, like the movie, tracks the anxiety and pains of a teenager in 1970s
Germany
10. This wine has a very fruity flavour to it and a after-taste I really like it
11. I've lost all for this concert, I'm finding it boring Can we go?
12. The opening of this new restaurant should satisfy the of local Indonesian food
fans
13. You don't respond well to positive , which is only made to help you
14. as it may seem, mammoths were alive only five thousand years ago
15. Large spiders, from South East Asia, are now being seen in the local countryside
16. Collecting garden gnomes might seem an unusual , but many people do it
17. Professor Watkins wasn't only an to me, but to thousands of others lucky
enough to have met him
18. For someone so young, Carl is a very literate and young man
COMPARE ORIGIN
DAY
CRITIC INTRIGUE REST
INVENT MAJESTY GROW
PLEASE ENTHUSE SOPHISTICATED
CRITIC CREDIBLE ORIGIN ACTIVE INSPIRE
ELOQUENCE
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19. The new year in this area of the country involve dancing and a drink made from
melons
20. The of the Rubik's Cube peaked in the early 1980s
21. This musician's work is very and difficult to understand Many people say it is
just noise
22. Tom told us he wasn't coming, then he turns up with two guests! I'm furious
with him
23. Though expensive, the tour we took in Jerusalem was worth every penny
24. , local police are saying the people they see sleeping on the streets have mental
issues
25. The Lavet Institute fights against in movies and literature
26. The true of spoken language remain an area of fierce debate
27. The two families fell out after Mr Dawson said Caroline wouldn't be a wife for
his son
28. It is the bride's father who has paid for a wedding
29. I had a night's sleep My back was hurting and the storm outside made such a
noise
30. The Age of Enlightenment was one of great inventions and revolutionary
31. The judge was forced to acquit, saying the evidence was wholly
32. The of the opening of the new bridge continued until nearly midnight
33. Harry Stevens is the man most often credited as being the of the hot dog
34. Can you think of one reason why I should give you your job back?
35. That the Vikings had horns in their helmets is a common
36. Local officials were surprised at the scale of the against plans for a local casino
37. I agree with the sentiments so expressed in David's wonderful speech
38. It was quite recently that human was first captured on camera
CELEBRATE
POPULAR CONCEPT
INITIAL
GUIDE INCREASE
CENSOR ORIGINAL SUIT
TRADITION REST
DISCOVER CONCLUDE CELEBRATE CREATE SOLITUDE CONCEPT CRY ELOQUENCE CONCEIVE
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39. It was my uncle Clive that provided me with advice and sound when I was
young
40. The author has a stilted and style, which I found tough to enjoy
41. Local planners admit they the number of tourists that would come for the
festival
42. As is the case when I go to a restaurant, I ate too much and spent a fortune!
43. It's a hot day today, so take the of using sun cream and drinking plenty of water
44. Whatever are drawn from these results, you can't deny it was a ground-breaking
experiment
45. Mr Hansard was elected President after a election result
46. In with an ancient tradition, dinner will be served on blue china
47. It's rare to see large sharks in the Mediterranean Sea
48. Scientists used a simple beetle as the for their invention of a water-collecting
bottle for hot climates
49. A group of powerful invested in the new company and made a fortune
50. Helen Weldon has been totally as a historian after it was shown she invented
quotations
51. In your , how much money do we need to save in order to buy the house?
52. Parking in the city centre can be a major due to the narrow streets
53. This morning's explosion at a chemical plant resulted in one and four injuries
54. We stopped at the church for thirty minutes to pay our to a local writer who had
died
55. I think a toy gun is a totally toy for a four-year old
56. Colin acted with restraint, despite how angry he must have been feeling
57. The of this new department will help the company face the next ten years more
effectively
GUIDE
DATE ESTIMATE
VARIABLE CAUTION CONCLUDE
DISPUTE KEEP CREDIBLE INSPIRE
FINANCE CREDIT
ESTIMATE CONVENIENT FATAL
RESPECT
SUIT ADMIRE CREATE
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58. The summer school organised many for us to do We were never bored
59. Educational TV programmes like this are very for young children
60. Ben insisted on his articles being by editors and left when his boss said that was
impossible
61. I am looking for a jeweller who will be able to appraise this watch and tell me
how much it's worth
62. Jan Welbech was a reputable physicist until his main two theories were completely
63. The shark's is somewhat unfair as fatal attacks are extremely rare
64. I read a story with the title 'A Strange At Talbot Bridge', which was about a
train-riding ghost
65. I went on a diet that only fresh and organic food and I could only drink water
66. The comedian joked about a plane crash and some in the audience thought he was
69. What do you take in the workplace to prevent accidents?
70. The bomb caused damage to the older buildings in the town and had to be
demolished
71. The road was closed due to a spilled load of children's toys that created havoc
72. Though a talented doctor, she found that most skills were not when she began
working as a vet
73. This new design of the radio all the best features of our previous model
74. Maggie is always displaying great to those less fortunate than her
ACTIVE STIMULATE MODIFY
REPUTE
PROOF NOTORIOUS OCCUR
CORPORATE
RESPECT CREDIT
LIVE CAUTION EXTEND
TEMPORARY TRANSFER
CORPORATE GENEROUS
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75. Harrison Ford wasn't the choice to play Han Solo in the Star Wars movies
76. There will be a total solar eclipse at 2.14 pm today Such are very rare
77. Even short bursts of physical activity are believed to be very to health
78. The of the town react negatively to crowds of tourists filling the roads and
beaches each year
79. Police are investigating the strange in street robberies in the west of town
80. Leyton city council have started towing all badly parked cars in what is a very
move
81. Conclusive proof that the Earth orbited the Sun was a great
82. Being so close to the Atlantic, the weather in Ireland is often both changeable and very
85. This boxer is the champion of the world after this sixth victory
86. I stretched and stretched, but simply didn't have the to reach the shelf
87. Deborah was furious when she heard the comments that had been made about
her
88. Barry is only four years old and will be by both his parents for the audition
89. After hearing his heart-breaking story, we were filled with for him
90. The hotel was harshly for refusing to give refunds and the bad publicity harmed
it
91. This letter is just to let you know how much we appreciated the of the donation
that you made
ORIGIN OCCUR BENEFIT INHABIT
GROW POPULAR
DISCOVER
PREDICT INFLUENCE
TRADITION
DISPUTE HIGH PREDICT
COMPANY ADMIRE CRITIC
GENEROUS
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92. Though he'd read on the subject of ancient Egypt, he couldn’t answer a single
question
93. Would it be for you if I asked you to pay by credit card?
94. Young people often have a creative and side to them that they lose as they
grow
95. The hit TV series 'Friends' was called 'Six Of One'
96. You've made a lot of wild accusations against Betsy, but is any of it ?
97. children are not permitted to enter the shop without an adult
98. Caffeine and other similar shouldn't be taken shortly before going to bed
99. As the disease became more in the region, a medical emergency was
announced
100. The wren's Latin name, which means 'cave dweller', comes from its to seek out
dark places
101. The earthquake was so destructive that local maps needed to be
102. Once the scientists were sure the islands were , they disembarked and began
their studies
103. You can pay funds into this account but that money will not be for at least a
year
104. The diplomat, as he is, was humble and polite in the face of unfair criticism
105. After the accident, the police officer asked if anyone required attention
106. At the of his powers, Alfred Hitchcock was producing a hit movie every year in
Hollywood
107. Don't waste your money on things
108. There are more than differences between us
109. You should eat a of fresh fruits and vegetables
110. Mistletoe is used as a Christmas decoration
EXTEND
CONVENIENT INVENT
ORIGIN PROOF COMPANY STIMULATE SPREAD
TEND
DATE INHABIT
DRAW
VARIABLE MEDICINE HIGH
USE SIMILAR VARIOUS COMMON
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111. She's feeling much better thanks to that medical
112. Tom's explanation was very
113. We arrived in England
114. There must be some to the problem
115. Violence against anyone is
116. Our depends on finding drinking water soon
117. John walked through the forest
118. Tom filled out the job form
119. It was of him to break a promise
120. Tom speaks five languages, Spanish
121. Robert told the judge he wanted a different
122. The colony declared and became a republic
123. Roger has many friends in Washington
124. They know the of protecting the earth
125. Dragons are imaginary
126. The situation called for quick, action
127. The dictionary is It only goes to the letter J
128. I applied for in the association
129. Tom's parents were very of him
130. Be careful not to the problem
131. Country life is very in comparison with city life
132. English has become an language
133. We were late for school because it rained
134. He soon got used to the new
135. What options are available?
136. The Internet is an source of information
TREAT CONFUSE FINAL SOLVE ACCEPT SURVIVE SILENCE APPLY RESPOND INCLUDE LAW DEPEND POWER IMPORTANT CREATE DECIDE COMPLETE MEMBER SUPPORT ESTIMATE PEACE NATION HEAVY SURROUND PAY
VALUE
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137. It sounds like you learned a lesson
138. Tom looked at the tall man
139. It was such a day that we went for a walk
140. I have read the article and now I am writing a
141. Why do some people have an desire for power?
142. She is in a trading company
143. He couldn't stand the of the coffee
144. Catching bugs can be a fun for children
145. The bans the use of chemical weapons
146. The old man standing under the tree seemed
147. We are by his bad manners
148. People's life grows every year
149. Timothy watched the plane into the distance
150. He seems to be to politics
151. The internet is a wonderful source of mindless
152. He decided to in physics at college
153. He is a very writer
154. The company has consistently shown a callous for the law
155. It's your to finish the job
156. Robert is very wealthy
157. He is an absolute to us Americans
158. People with low tend to interpret everything in a negative way
159. I suggest replacing the full stop with an mark
160. Jack reached into his pocket and pulled out a of coins
161. These claims lack a scientific
162. Steve tried to hide his
VALUE SUSPICION PLEASE SUM OBSESS EMPLOY BITTER ACT TREAT CONFUSE DISGUST EXPECT APPEAR DIFFERENCE ENTERTAIN SPECIAL IMAGINE REGARD RESPONSE SUPPOSE EMBARRASS ESTIMATE EXCLAIM HAND FOUND ANNOY
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163. He works for a newspaper with a large
164. The medical examination before you start work is
165. The of flowers in this area is astounding
166. I'm a little about going there by myself
167. This game is played in Australia
168. The bad smell me
169. Many were rescued from the collapsed building
170. Electrical have made housework easier
171. Tom is by far the best French in our class
172. I can understand Japanese to a certain
173. The of being attacked by a shark is very low
174. How that your mother speaks six languages!
175. You should be to your parents
176. The equator is an line which divides the globe into two equal parts
177. Ricky is an unemployed guard
178. Allan is going to get himself killed if he's not
179. His dismissed him yesterday
180. She does not want to be on her parents
181. His performance was of praise
182. I'm pretty sure Nick doesn't watching baseball on TV
183. She swam until she was and then went back to the house
184. You don't need to make a right now
185. They celebrated the of his high school years
186. Frank is to find Mary
187. David is very of his daughter
188. Your proposal will meet with significant _
CIRCULATE OBLIGE DIVERSE HESITATE DIFFER SICK SURVIVE APPLY SPEAK EXTEND LIKE AMAZE RESPECT IMAGINE SECURE CARE EMPLOY DEPEND WORTH JOY EXHAUST DECIDE COMPLETE DESPAIR PROTECT RESIST