In this case, you must look at the context of the word.. The context of a word is the setting in which the word occurs in speech or in written materials.. You usually learn words by hear
Trang 126 PART II: Diagnosing Strengths and Weaknesses
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
12 The correct answer is (D).
13 The correct answer is (A) Familiarity
with old sayings such as the one given in this sentence—the early bird gets the
worm—will give you answer (A), prov-erb The other alternatives are senseless
in the context of this sentence
14 The correct answer is (C) This is a
difficult item because the word dough is
a slang expression for (C), money The
advertiser is making a play on words to get a humorous effect, since a baker nec-essarily makes dough, a mixture of flour and water The computer will help the baker make more money, not more bak-ing mix
15 The correct answer is (B) To put your
foot in your mouth is an idiomatic expres-sion that means (B), to say the wrong thing Like most such expressions, this
would be impossible to translate literally into another language It has simply be-come a frequently used expression that is generally understood by native
speak-ers Another such expression is to have a heart, which means to be sympathetic.
Trang 2○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
TOEFL VOCABULARY
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
REVIEW
CHAPTER 3 Words in Context
Chapter 4 Everyday and Specific
Vocabulary
Chapter 5 All About Roots
Chapter 6 All About Prefixes
Chapter 7 All About Suffixes
Trang 4○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
29
Words in Context
OVERVIEW
• Strategies for defining words from context
• Summing it up
At some point, there may be a word you do not know the meaning of and
there may be no prefix or root to help you In this case, you must look at the
context of the word
The context of a word is the setting in which the word occurs in speech or in
written materials You usually learn words by hearing or seeing them in
context, and developing this ability will help you learn more words
The following includes exercises for words in context These passages and
vocabulary exercises are not as difficult as those you might find on the
TOEFL since the purpose of this book is to teach vocabulary
STRATEGIES FOR DEFINING WORDS FROM CONTEXT
is close to it Try to understand the definition and apply it to the word in context
must think about the context and guess what the meaning of the word can
be Even if you cannot determine its exact meaning, you will be able to determine its general meaning
encourage you to analyze the meaning of what you read and will also train you to think about words and their meanings
Trang 530 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
As you read the following passage, see if you can get the meaning of the underlined words from the context in which they appear Then, do the vocabulary builders that follow
To the Editor:
Your article on plans for aiding the elderly to pay their housing costs was not quite clear in several aspects I would like to clarify the requirements and exemptions available for those who qualify.
In the first place, a tenant 62 years old or older must live in a rent-controlled or rent-stabilized dwelling, pay more than one third of his or her income for rent, and have a yearly income of $8,000 or less Such a tenant must apply for exemption from rent increases and must reapply each year thereafter Once is not enough It is understood, however, that should the landlord make a major improvement, a new furnace for example, all tenants must accept rent raises to pay for increased comfort The elderly, poor tenant is not excluded from such a rent increase.
Landlords receive tax exemptions as reimbursement for the money they lose in not increasing rent for the elderly In New York City, the cost of these tax reductions is
$41 million a year, a tremendous figure, but likely to be higher if more of the poor elderly learn they may apply for exemptions The city is so slow in processing applications that some tenants have paid the full rent They ought not to have done
so They are fully protected by the law and, once they have applied for exemption, they do not have to pay rent increases.
I appeal to you to clarify this issue so that the elderly poor of our city may become aware of the housing benefits for which they qualify.
Clara Torres Office of Housing for the Elderly
Vocabulary Builder 1
Directions: Choose the correct meaning of the underlined word.
Elderly
(A) poor (B) people over 62 (C) people who need aid (D) people who need housing
(A) fire escape
Trang 6○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
www.petersons.com
money
(A) bills (B) increases (C) payments (D) housing benefits
when the landlord makes a major improvement
(A) obliged (B) included (C) excited (D) eliminated
against such a tremendous increase
(A) light (B) difficult (C) huge (D) tiring
not get housing benefits
(A) providing (B) working on (C) raising (D) trying
following month
(A) janitors (B) friends (C) occupants (D) poor people
world
(A) knowledgeable (B) ignorant (C) alike (D) dependent
Trang 732 PART III: TOEFL Vocabulary Review
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Vocabulary Builder 1 Answers
1 The correct answer is (B).
2 The correct answer is (B).
3 The correct answer is (C).
4 The correct answer is (D).
5 The correct answer is (C).
6 The correct answer is (B).
7 The correct answer is (C).
8 The correct answer is (A).
Vocabulary Builder 2
Directions: Try to get the meaning of the underlined word from its context
in the following sentences Choose the correct synonym If you cannot figure
it out, look the word up in your dictionary
(A) invading (B) unhealthy (C) unavoidable (D) intriguing
(A) luxury (B) harmony (C) fireworks (D) triviality
(A) strafing (B) scheme (C) bomb