IT risk assessment helps analyze areas of vulnerability, system flaws, and the essential steps a company needs to take to secure itself in order to keep all protected sensitive data safe
IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE 2 L2 S22 nhe 6
Data protection processes and regulations as applicable to an organisation (P6) 10
Data protection involves securing essential information against theft, tampering, or loss After identifying the types of data your organization holds, it becomes crucial to implement measures to safeguard that information effectively.
As the value and volume of data continue to rise, the importance of data protection becomes paramount Organizations face a minimal tolerance for downtime that can hinder access to critical information, making rapid data retrieval essential in case of failures or losses Additionally, effective data protection strategies must focus on preventing data breaches and ensuring the privacy of sensitive information.
Data protection aims to safeguard information from damage or loss during various situations, including natural disasters like fires and earthquakes, as well as network attacks Ensuring the integrity and availability of data in these critical scenarios is essential for maintaining business continuity and minimizing the risk of data loss.
1.2.2 Data protection process with relations to organization
Procedure to implement data protection: [4] e Verify the data to be protected
The first thing to do is to verify the data, and store it on the server's hard drive e Raise awareness about data security for employees
The human factor poses a significant risk to business data security, making employee training and awareness crucial for safeguarding sensitive information By educating agency employees about data security protocols, businesses can effectively mitigate the risks of accidental or intentional data leaks that could harm the organization Prioritizing data security management through comprehensive training programs is essential for enhancing overall data protection in your business.
Enterprise data security risks are constantly present As a result, rather than de- ploying security measures once, it is important to do so on a regular basis If at all possi-
To enhance corporate data security and confidentiality, each company should designate a dedicated leader with expertise in these areas to oversee the implementation of security measures This proactive approach will significantly reduce network security risks for businesses and safeguard sensitive commercial data, while also streamlining troubleshooting and issue management processes.
Documenting procedures for responding to network and data security events is essential for businesses to minimize potential damage Employing expert ANM assessment and troubleshooting units can enhance this process, as they provide specialized consultation and organize effective troubleshooting strategies This proactive approach helps companies mitigate risks and ensures a secure system configuration in the event of an emergency.
To effectively safeguard your company's data, ensure that all system components, including both software and hardware, are configured to meet security policy requirements Additionally, it is crucial to segment the network into distinct zones for enhanced protection.
In a network security crisis, isolating different network zones is crucial for minimizing damage from cyber threats such as data breaches and malware infections Implementing additional firewalls between untrusted external networks and internal intranets enhances security The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) plays a vital role in managing access across network zones, ensuring that insecure areas do not connect to secure networks Regular penetration testing is essential to ensure compliance with access policies between these zones Additionally, security policies should be tailored by department and level to enhance overall protection.
Decentralizing internal data access, usage, and sharing enhances the protection of sensitive information This approach simplifies identifying and resolving issues promptly Additionally, tailored security policies for each department and level promote a deeper understanding of corporate data protection It is essential to encrypt critical data to ensure its security.
Before sending, it's crucial to encrypt your data to enhance corporate data security This step is vital in protecting against potential data loss from network attacks.
Encrypting your data is essential to safeguard sensitive information from attackers, and employing strong encryption methods is crucial for effective protection Base64 encryption techniques are insufficient and can be easily cracked, making robust encryption necessary to ensure that without your password, unauthorized access to your information is impossible Additionally, hierarchical decentralization can provide valuable support in addressing network security issues.
1.2.3 The reason why data protection and regulation are important
The internet and information technology play essential roles in the functioning and management of businesses and organizations; however, without proper security measures, they can present serious risks.
The loss of internal company data and customer information can severely impact customers, employees, and the organization as a whole Such data breaches can erode customer trust, potentially leading to unforeseen legal actions against the company.
Cybercriminals can disrupt operations, gain unauthorized access to sensitive company information, and disseminate misleading information that damages a company's reputation and productivity Additionally, hackers exploit security vulnerabilities to distribute malicious links and malware, ultimately leading to data theft.
General data protection standards are essential for both individuals and businesses, as they ensure the security and privacy of information Safeguarding data in accordance with universal norms is crucial to prevent potential risks and irrational situations.
Design and implement a security policy for an organisation.(P7)
A Privacy Policy is a crucial document that outlines how a business or organization collects, stores, manages, uses, and shares information regarding users, partners, or employees It is essential for ensuring compliance with information security requirements to protect user data.
In general, a transparent privacy policy usually has the following elements: e What personal information the organization collects e Purpose of the above information collection
1 ‘BT E Cc e How the organization uses information e How is that information shared? e Information sharing partners e Right of choice for users e Other information
Every e-commerce website gathers customer data, including personal information like names, email addresses, IP addresses, session data, and payment details A privacy policy is essential for establishing trust and protecting both website owners and consumers while ensuring compliance with legal obligations.
A privacy policy fundamentally serves four key purposes: it informs users about the collection and usage of their personal data, provides them with the option to opt out of data collection, allows them to access their collected data and challenge its accuracy, and assures them of the safety and security of their information.
For website visitors and customers, the privacy policy ensures that their private data will not be provided to third parties or served for improper purposes
Reasons to create an information privacy policy e tis required by law
First and foremost, a privacy policy is required by law in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Australia, and other jurisdictions worldwide
In addition, e-commerce store owners need to limit risks as well as manage cus- tomer expectations to avoid any misunderstandings e Build trust with customers
As an e-commerce store, it's essential to prioritize customer privacy by safeguarding personal information such as names, ages, addresses, emails, and credit card details An updated privacy policy not only reflects your commitment to security but also helps build trust with your customers, reassuring them that their data is safe This dedication to protecting personal information ultimately benefits your website and enhances your company's reputation.
1 ‘BT E Cc e Need a website privacy policy to use certain apps or services
A privacy policy is essential for building customer trust and meeting legal requirements, as well as being a prerequisite for using various third-party services like Google To access tools such as AdSense and Google Analytics, having an updated and comprehensive privacy policy on your website is mandatory Additionally, a robust website privacy policy provides important legal protection for your business.
A privacy policy is essential for protecting your interests, as it helps prevent potential lawsuits from consumers or other businesses In the event that your e-commerce site faces legal action, you can defend yourself by demonstrating that your privacy policy was clearly communicated and enforced.
1.3.2 How to build a privacy policy template
The sample below can be used as a process for building a privacy policy, in other words a full security policy can be created that will look like the following:
1 About the privacy policy of the company or business
If someone decides to utilize our Services, this page is meant to inform website visi- tors about our policies regarding the collection, use, and sharing of Personal Information
By using our Services, you agree to the collection and use of your information as outlined in this policy We gather Personal Information to enhance and provide our Services, and we will not disclose or utilize your information with third parties, except as detailed in this Privacy Policy.
To enhance your experience with our Services, we may request personally identifiable information, including your name, phone number, and postal address This information will be utilized to contact or identify you effectively.
When you access our Service, we collect Log Data from your browser, which includes details such as your computer's IP address, browser version, the specific pages you visit, the date and time of your visit, the duration spent on those pages, and various other statistics.
Cookies are small data files used as anonymous unique identifiers that websites send to your browser for storage on your hard drive.
Our website utilizes cookies to gather information and enhance our services You have the option to accept or decline these cookies, and you will receive a notification whenever a cookie is sent to your device Please note that refusing cookies may limit your access to certain features of our service.
We may engage third-party firms and individuals for several reasons, including facilitating our services, providing services on our behalf, and assisting us in analyzing the usage of our services.
We want to inform you that third parties may access your Personal Information through our Service to fulfill their assigned responsibilities on our behalf However, they are strictly prohibited from disclosing or using this information for any other purposes.
We appreciate your trust in sharing your Personal Information with us, and we are committed to safeguarding it through commercially reasonable measures However, please be aware that no method of internet transmission or electronic storage can be entirely secure, and we cannot guarantee complete security.
Our Service may contain links to third-party websites, which are not under our control We recommend reviewing the Privacy Policies of these external sites, as we do not take responsibility for their content, privacy practices, or any services they offer.
List the main components of an organisational disaster recovery plan,
Business continuity involves creating a strategic plan to ensure that your organization can operate effectively during challenging situations This is essential for businesses, government agencies, and non-profit organizations alike, as it enables them to maintain operations and stay connected regardless of the circumstances they face.
Business continuity involves proactive planning and preparation to ensure that an organization's essential processes can continue during emergencies Disruptions can arise from natural disasters, business crises, pandemics, network outages, workplace violence, and other unforeseen events It's important to prepare not only for scenarios that may lead to a complete shutdown but also for those that could negatively affect services or functionality.
1.4.2 The components of recovery plan
1 The scope of your plan
A comprehensive disaster recovery strategy is essential for organizations to safeguard against various crises, including network attacks and natural disasters It is crucial to clearly define the size and scope of the recovery plan, ensuring that all critical components of the organization are documented and protected By addressing both potential threats, organizations can enhance their resilience and preparedness in the face of adversity.
2 Roles and responsibilities of the organization
A well-defined disaster recovery team is essential for your organization, equipped with thoroughly documented recovery procedures and specific roles within the recovery plan Their responsibilities encompass not only actions to take during and after a disaster but also proactive measures, such as ensuring a sufficient number of trained individuals are available to prevent errors or omissions Additionally, it is crucial that personnel are familiar with manual processes to handle tasks that may not be achievable due to software or hardware disruptions during a disaster.
To ensure employee safety during a disaster, it is crucial to provide comprehensive training that prepares them to perform their tasks effectively Proper training significantly mitigates the impact of a crisis, particularly in high-risk environments.
3 Your vital business functions and downtime tolerance
Critical Business Functions (CBF) are essential operations that an organization cannot sustain without To effectively develop disaster recovery strategies, it's crucial to identify these functions and establish your Recovery Time Objective (RTO), which indicates the maximum time you can operate without them before incurring significant losses By outlining your CBFs and their restoration timelines, you can prioritize the processes in your recovery plan, ensuring a more efficient response during disruptions.
4 Strategies, processes, and procedures to continue your critical business functions
Now that you have identified the functions of your business that need to be restored in order to run your business, you can design your strategies accordingly
To ensure effective business continuity planning, it is essential to document key elements for each critical business function, including the preventive and restoration actions required to back up or restore core business functions (CBF) Additionally, identify the necessary resources and equipment to support these actions, establish a recovery time target to determine the urgency of response efforts, and assign clear responsibilities to individuals accountable for executing these actions.
You should also develop a checklist that will be used to assess post-disaster dam- age and track recovery
In times of crisis, effective communication is crucial for showcasing leadership and ensuring stakeholders that solutions are on the way It involves not just rapid dissemination of information, but also a clear understanding of the communication hierarchy and accurate reporting of facts Therefore, having a well-structured communication strategy is essential to address all aspects of the situation effectively.
A list of contacts for persons who will need to be communicated with (internal and external) should be included in the plan, as well as a procedure for determining what in-
Effective communication of BT E Cc formation varies based on the context, such as the distinct approaches required for conveying information after a natural disaster compared to a data breach It is essential for your communication plan to address these situational differences to ensure clarity and effectiveness.
Disaster recovery plans (DRPs) must evolve alongside the growth and changes within a company It is crucial to regularly review and update your DRP to ensure its relevance and compliance with industry standards For instance, as your workforce expands, adjustments to the plan may be necessary to address the needs of additional employees or new office spaces To maintain an effective strategy, schedule reviews of your disaster recovery plan quarterly or annually, depending on the pace of your organization’s growth.
While some of the processes you need to think about in disaster planning may seem natural, the truth is that people often don't think clearly between
1.4.3 All the steps required in disaster recovery process
Follow the steps outlined to create a healthy and successful disaster recovery plan Step 1: Set a clear recovery goal
A robust disaster recovery plan is essential for minimizing downtime and reducing data loss costs To develop an effective strategy, it's crucial to establish primary targets such as Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO), which define how quickly data recovery must occur The RTO indicates the total time required for full system recovery, while the RPO sets the maximum acceptable limit for data loss that won't adversely affect business operations Additionally, identifying the experts involved in the recovery process is a vital step in ensuring a successful implementation.
A comprehensive disaster recovery plan (DRP) must clearly define all employees involved, both internal and external, and include their contact information along with guidelines on when and how to reach them It is essential to outline each member's responsibilities in detail Additionally, establishing a pre-approved budget for necessary resources, such as repair equipment and services, will facilitate effective communication and enhance the overall development of the disaster recovery plan.
Step 3: Prepare detailed documentation about your network infrastructure
Following step-by-step network configuration instructions is essential for an effective data recovery process The overarching architecture of the existing network infrastructure facilitates proper system rebuilding and recovery Comprehensive documentation significantly enhances the chances of successfully restoring damaged network infrastructure It is crucial to keep all documents stored securely offline and in a reliable cloud service, ensuring that all employees can easily access them when needed.
Step 4: Choose your data recovery technique
When choosing a data recovery solution for your business, it's essential to evaluate your organization's specific needs, considering options such as hard drive recovery, RAID recovery, tape recovery, optical recovery, and Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS) Each method offers distinct capabilities that can impact costs, which are influenced by factors like storage capacity, recovery technique, and configuration complexity Making an informed decision will ensure you select the most suitable and cost-effective recovery solution for your requirements.
Step 5: Clearly define analytical criteria checklist
Temporary outages are common in organizations, but they should not trigger the disaster recovery process unless caused by a natural disaster While no organization has specific protocols for brief power interruptions, it is essential to consider these events in the context of significant disasters Developing detailed checklists can assist teams in identifying disasters and recovering data and functions as quickly as possible Each organization's checklist will vary based on its data recovery objectives and budget, leaving it to the organizations to determine the level of adherence to these guidelines.
Step 6: Record your entire disaster recovery process
Risk management, application in IT security and security audit
Brief about ISO 31000 re een HH HH nh HH trệt 24
Risk management is now a crucial focus for businesses, prompting a shift towards proactive strategies Organizations are seeking professionals knowledgeable in international risk management standards to effectively mitigate risks The ISO 31000 standard offers essential guidelines for risk management, making it vital for all personnel to comprehend these principles and enhance their Risk Management Systems in alignment with ISO 31000.
Risk identification aims to pinpoint and describe hazards that may impact an organization's ability to achieve its objectives To effectively identify these risks, organizations must utilize current and relevant information It is crucial for organizations to recognize hazards, even if their causes are beyond their control Additionally, it is essential to consider that various types of outcomes can arise, each leading to a range of tangible and intangible effects.
In general, the risk management process involves identifying steps - understanding, assessing, treating, monitoring and reviewing, recording and reporting
The primary objective of a risk management framework is to seamlessly integrate risk management into essential company operations and processes The success of this integration hinges on its alignment with the organization's governance and decision-making practices Achieving this requires active collaboration among all stakeholders, particularly top management.
Integrating, planning, implementing, analyzing, and improving risk management across the enterprise is all part of framework development
The organization must evaluate its existing risk management policies and procedures to identify and address any gaps within the established framework It is essential that the framework's components and their interactions are customized to meet the specific needs of the organization.
Top management and oversight bodies must integrate risk management into all organizational activities to demonstrate leadership and commitment This includes customizing and implementing the necessary components of the risk management framework, issuing a policy that outlines the risk management approach, ensuring adequate resources are allocated, and assigning authority, responsibility, and accountability at appropriate organizational levels.
This will help the organization to: e Synchronize risk management with the company's goals, strategy, and culture e All duties, as well as voluntary commitments, must be recognized and addressed
BT E Cc is responsible for establishing and communicating risk criteria to the company and its stakeholders, determining acceptable levels and types of risk It emphasizes the importance of risk management, encourages regular monitoring of risks, and ensures that the risk management framework adapts to the organization's evolving circumstances.
Effective risk management is primarily the responsibility of top management, while oversight bodies are tasked with risk oversight These bodies are expected to ensure that risks are considered during goal-setting, identify potential dangers that could hinder goal achievement, and verify that risk management processes are properly implemented Additionally, they must ensure that the risks align with the organization's objectives and facilitate effective communication regarding these risks and their management strategies.
Integrating risk management requires a thorough understanding of organizational architecture and context, as these elements significantly influence the organization's purpose, goals, and complexity Every facet of the organizational structure must be monitored for potential risks, emphasizing that risk management is a collective responsibility shared by all employees within the company.
Governance directs the organization's trajectory, influencing its internal and external interactions, as well as the rules and processes necessary for achieving its goals Management structures play a crucial role in translating governance directives into actionable strategies and objectives that ensure long-term performance and viability A key component of governance is establishing accountability and oversight for risk management within the organization.
Integrating risk management is an ongoing process that must be customized to align with the organization's unique culture and requirements It should be seamlessly woven into the organization's mission, governance, leadership, and commitment, as well as its strategic objectives and operational activities.
The organization should study and comprehend its external and internal context while building the risk management framework
Analyzing the external context of an organization involves assessing various factors, including international, national, regional, and local social, cultural, political, legal, regulatory, financial, technological, economic, and environmental issues It is essential to identify key causes and trends that impact the organization's objectives, as well as to understand the relationships, attitudes, values, requirements, and expectations of external stakeholders Additionally, organizations must consider their contractual commitments and relationships, along with the interconnectedness and complexity of networks that influence their operations.
Analyzing the internal context of an organization involves a comprehensive review of several key elements, including the company's vision, mission, and values, as well as its governance structure and defined roles and responsibilities It is essential to assess the organization's strategy, goals, and policies, alongside its culture and established standards Furthermore, understanding the capabilities in terms of resources—such as capital, time, personnel, intellectual property, processes, systems, and technologies—is crucial Effective information flows, data management, and information systems also play a significant role, as do the relationships with internal stakeholders, which reflect their perceptions and values Additionally, the organization must consider contractual commitments, linkages, and interdependencies that influence its operational framework.
Successful implementation of the framework hinges on effective stakeholder engagement and awareness, enabling businesses to openly tackle decision-making uncertainties This proactive approach ensures that any emerging uncertainties can be addressed promptly as they arise.
A well-structured risk management framework is essential for effectively integrating risk management into every facet of an organization, including decision-making processes By ensuring that both external and internal changes are accurately addressed, this framework enhances the organization's ability to navigate risks successfully.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the risk management framework, organizations must regularly measure its performance against established objectives, implementation strategies, key indicators, and anticipated behaviors, ensuring it remains aligned with the business's goals.
To meet external and internal changes, the risk management framework should be continuously monitored and adjusted The organization's value will increase as a result of this
The risk management framework's suitability, sufficiency, and effectiveness, as well as the manner the risk management process is integrated, should be consistently im- proved
Discuss possible impacts to organisational security resulting from an IT
A security audit involves a thorough evaluation of a company's information system security to ensure compliance with established standards This comprehensive assessment typically examines the physical infrastructure, software applications, information management processes, and user behaviors to identify potential vulnerabilities and enhance overall security.
Security diagnostics primarily consist of three essential types: security audits, vulnerability assessments, and penetration testing Security audits evaluate an information system's performance against established criteria, while vulnerability assessments involve a comprehensive examination to identify potential security weaknesses Additionally, penetration testing simulates attacks to assess the system's defenses.
The BT E Cc ert method assesses a system's resilience against specific attacks, offering distinct advantages for each approach Combining multiple strategies may yield the most effective defense against potential threats.
Organizations should create a repeatable and updatable security audit plan For the best results, stakeholders must be involved in the process
2.2.2 Security audits types e Internal audits:
Internal audits leverage a company's own resources and audit department to verify compliance with established policies and procedures These audits are essential for businesses aiming to ensure their operational processes align with regulatory standards.
External audits are conducted by independent organizations to ensure that businesses comply with industry standards and government regulations These audits are essential for verifying adherence to necessary guidelines and maintaining accountability.
Systems of security audit: e Network vulnerabilities e Security controls e Encryption e Software systems e Architecture management capabilities ô Telecommunications controls e Systems development audit e Information processing
2.2.3 Impact and benefit of security audit
A security audit is essential for identifying vulnerabilities and system flaws, establishing a security baseline for future assessments, ensuring adherence to internal security policies, and complying with external regulatory standards.
1 ‘BT E Cc e Check to see if your security training is up to par e Identify any resources that aren't needed
Security audits play a crucial role in safeguarding sensitive data by identifying security vulnerabilities and establishing new security protocols They also help monitor the effectiveness of security initiatives, ensuring that employees adhere to best practices and that emerging threats are promptly detected Regular audits are essential for maintaining a robust security posture.
2.2.4 When is it necessary to conduct a security audit?
The frequency of security audits for a company is influenced by its industry, business requirements, corporate structure, and the number of systems and applications needing evaluation Organizations managing sensitive data, particularly in financial services and healthcare, are likely to conduct audits more frequently Companies utilizing only one or two applications may find it easier to perform audits regularly Additionally, external factors like regulatory requirements also play a crucial role in determining audit frequency.
Following a data breach, system upgrade, data migration, or changes in compliance regulations, organizations should perform a targeted security audit, especially when a new system is introduced or user growth exceeds a set threshold These audits should focus on specific areas where security vulnerabilities may have been exposed during the incident.
Discuss the roles of stakeholders in the organisation to implement security
External stakeholders are individuals or groups who are not directly employed by a company but are affected by its actions and outcomes This category encompasses suppliers, creditors, and public organizations, all of whom play a significant role in the business ecosystem.
A stakeholder is defined as an individual, group, or organization that has a significant interest in the operations and success of a business or project.
A stakeholder's major function is to contribute their experience and perspective to a project in order to assist a company in meeting its strategic objectives They may also be
BT E Cc plays a vital role in providing essential materials and resources for projects Their support is crucial for success; if they are dissatisfied with the outcomes, the project may be deemed a failure, regardless of whether all objectives were met.
A project manager must strategically manage stakeholder needs through timely communication and a clear understanding of their expectations and project timelines, fostering trust and cooperation The diverse roles of stakeholders are crucial for project success, as strong participation is essential for smooth operation and sustainable development Without collaboration from all stakeholders, achieving project goals becomes significantly more challenging.
2.3.3 The Main Types of Stakeholders e Internal stakeholders
Internal stakeholders are individuals or groups directly connected to a project's sponsoring company, including employees involved in the project team, project managers, resource managers, and line managers They also encompass top management, such as the firm president and board of directors, along with external contributors like subcontractors and consultants Understanding the roles of internal stakeholders is crucial for project success.
External stakeholders are individuals or organizations that, while not directly connected to the sponsoring company of a project, are influenced by its outcomes Examples of external stakeholders include vendors, suppliers, creditors, project customers, project testers, and product user groups.
Stakeholder theory redefines capitalism by emphasizing the interconnectedness between a company and its diverse stakeholders, including customers, suppliers, employees, investors, and communities This perspective advocates that a company's primary objective should be to create value for all stakeholders, rather than focusing solely on shareholder profits.
Perfomed Student: NguyenVanAnh stone wih GIG C ‘BT E Cc e Multi-stakeholder
Multi-stakeholder governance is a collaborative framework that promotes active participation from diverse stakeholders, including businesses, civil society, government, research institutions, and NGOs This approach encourages dialogue and collective decision-making, aiming to identify and implement effective solutions to shared challenges and common goals among stakeholders.
Stakeholder Analysis is the process of identifying and categorizing stakeholders prior to the commencement of a project This method focuses on assessing their levels of involvement, interest, and influence, enabling project teams to determine the most effective strategies for collaboration and communication among diverse stakeholder groups throughout the project's lifecycle.
2.3.5 Possible stakeholders in the security audit
In a security audit project, various stakeholders play crucial roles that can vary based on the specific business or organization involved These stakeholders contribute to the overall effectiveness of the audit process, ensuring that all aspects of the system are thoroughly evaluated and addressed.
Table 1 Example of a stakeholder in a security audit system
- employees communicate with personal information
IT expert - computer and technical experts
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- security expert audit department - risk management department
- division to develop and implement the solution plan
In this report, I have fulfilled the assignment's requirements by acting as a security engineer and presenting key issues related to network security I have successfully completed all aspects of the assignment and aligned my work with the specified learning outcomes Through my dedicated efforts, I aim to achieve a Merit grade.
Upon concluding this report, I have consolidated my insights and wish to express my gratitude to those who shared their knowledge with me Thank you for taking the time to read my findings.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of risk assessment and identification steps, data protection measures, privacy policies, and business continuity and recovery plans Chapter 2 focuses on ISO 31000 and the importance of conducting security audits Overall, it addresses the various challenges that can arise in a network security project from the perspective of a security engineer.