Group project project title the case study of air pollution in ho chi minh city

3 b Determine the suitability and success of industrial parks based on paFaIn€t€T..... As a result, several factors, including industrial and overpopulation, contribute to air pollution.

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY — HO CHI MINH CITY

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

GROUP PROJECT PROJECT TITLE: THE CASE STUDY OF AIR POLLUTION

IN HO CHI MINH CITY

Course: Environmental Science (PEO14IU)

Lecturer: Bui Xuan Anh Dao

GROUP

1 Pham Ngoc Linh BABAWE20057

2 Nguyễn Thị Xuân Đào BABAWE20214

3 Nguyễn Văn Anh Thy BABAWE20210

4 Vũ Minh Khuê BTCEIU21061

5 Lê Châu Trúc Giang BAFNIU21434

6 Nguyén Thanh Binh ITDSIU20056

7 Phạm Lê Đức Thịnh ITDSIU20085

Table of Contents

IAMW) (90909009) 015 3

TT INDUSTRIAL 3

b) Determine the suitability and success of industrial parks based on paFaIn€t(€T - «5+ s« 2s sen re re 4

TH OVERPOPULATION n0 5 3.1 Cars 5

3.2 Bus 8

3.3 Rapid transit: 10

3.4 Sustainable 13

IV CONCLUSION 14

V 0 9)09.4.1009/9)80.90).4.062) 7777 14

I INTRODUCTION

Ho Chi Minh City just underwent a substantial coating of blindness, giving the appearance that buildings, companies, and residential areas have undergone a huge transformation People get a stinging feeling in the corners

of their eyes when traffic is backed up on the roads As a result, several factors, including industrial and overpopulation, contribute to air pollution

a) Solution

The gasses leaked from the non-economic industrial area are the root cause of air pollution in Ho Chi Minh city The immense problem needs to be solved in different ways After a while of researching and analyzing, we found that people should build an eco-industrial park rather than an industrial area Eco-industrial park (EIP) is an industrial park in which businesses collaborate with one another and with the local community to reduce waste and pollution, share resources efficiently (such as information, materials, water, energy, infrastructure, and natural resources), and contribute to sustainable development, to increase economic gains and improving environmental quality An EIP can also be planned, designed, and built in a way that facilitates business collaboration, resulting in a more financially sound, environmentally friendly project for the developer

b) Determine the suitability and success of industrial parks based on parameter

The first step to constructing an EIP is to understand the local and national context of EIPs Furthermore, countries have frequently invested in industrial park projects to stimulate economic development, create local jobs, and increase income levels and tax revenues However, developers frequently fail to deal with the requirements and interests of tenant companies as well as

local communities during the planning stages of industrial parks Thus, when transitioning to an EIP model, it is critical to consider the national and historical context in which industrial parks operate, as well as the potential paths

stakeholders and expectations This is critical to ensuring a smooth transition

to EIP models and maximizing long-term benefits Following rounds of consultation with various stakeholder groups, the next is to assess their power, influence, and interest This will aid in determining which stakeholder groups should be involved throughout the project's implementation, as well as

in defining the terms of engagement Moreover, each stakeholder has a unique function and set of responsibilities, as well as unique expectations for the EIP project It is critical to understand these expectations in order to determine whether a stakeholder's interests and requirements correspond with the project requirements

The third step is to determine the feasibility of converting an industrial park into an EJP based on a variety of characteristics Identification of these factors can be difficult, but it is critical to gather precise data in order to identify the most essential regions and industrial synergy implementation Besides, a grading system must be devised based on the data obtained for each parameter to allow comparison and identification of the most significant gaps

To determine the suitability and success of industrial parks we need to consider some crucial parameters Firstly we need to recognize the size and magnitude of the industrial parks This includes topics like land use and park master planning Next, the quantity and size of industrial units in the park is also vital parameter because some parks require a huge number of industries Thirdly, the industrial park should contain basic infrastructure to control and reduce environmental and social impacts (for example, wastewater treatment, and employee recreation spaces) Fourthly, it is very crucial that our EIP needs

to be located far away from the residential area because some industrial zone addresses some environmental problems like air pollution, and waste generation when it is near residential area After completing all the steps, we can start to construct our EIP and the budget is about $2 million

fostering shared economic opportunities, bettering ecosystems, and developing new routes for commercial activity Among the numerous advantages of an EIP, the following stand out: Firstly, it is near labor, industrial parks are usually constructed close to skilled workers, on the outskirts of cities, and near public transportation hubs The next is a strategic location Between numerous sizable urban areas are many industrial parks The number of potential customers can be swiftly increased thanks to this advantageous position Transportation network access is also a_ benefit Depending on location, different industrial zones have access to deep-water ports, airports, the railway system, and major highways

c) Sustainable

Besides, it is impossible not to discuss the disadvantages of EIP The first disadvantage is pollution, industrial zones focus on the pollutants from particular industries in a specific region of the city The creation of an industrial park may also pollute the land Secondly, there is increased traffic, parks can result in more traffic in industrial areas Additionally, as big trucks are frequently used by industries to move materials and goods, the road network will degrade more quickly

By offering a general infrastructure and integrated choices for the industrial city, EIP significantly contributes to the growth of sustainable cities Key contributions of EIP to sustainable cities include the utilization of recycled materials, treatment, recovery, and recycling of municipal garbage by industry, as well as shared utilities and infrastructure servicing both residential and industrial zones

Future trends will revolve around EIP, both for their support of sustainable business practices and for their allure from a financial standpoint This will assist the economy, society, environment, and subsequently corporate growth Additionally, this model will support the national policy for sustainable development, green growth, and Vietnam's pledges to greenhouse gas reduction when it is reproduced across the country

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3.1 Cars

a) Problem

Although it is predicted that there will be more than 8 billion people on Earth

by 2025, the population of the planet has just passed 8 billion and is still rising This is 3 years earlier than expected The rate of population growth is outpacing the planet's capacity to handle it Overpopulation is mostly linked

to trends that began with a rise in birth rates in the mid-20th century Migration can also cause an area to become overpopulated Overpopulation and environmental effects are frequently linked and closely connected b) Effects

The negative effects of overpopulation on the environment include those of routine activities including transportation and stationary sources, deforestation, agriculture, and animal husbandry While many good things are being done to improve the sustainability of humans on our planet, the issue of having too many people has made it more difficult to develop long-term solutions

Cars, trucks, and buses generate pollutants into the atmosphere throughout their lives, including pollution emitted during vehicle operation and fuel manufacturing Vehicle pollution is hazardous to our health and includes greenhouse gasses that contribute to climate change Byproducts of gasoline and diesel fuel combustion include nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, benzene, and formaldehyde Vehicles also release carbon dioxide, the most prevalent greenhouse gas According to the survey, the primary causes of air pollution in HCM City are "Motorcycle smoke, exhaust from burning garbage," "Industry, transportation, coal power plants, and household solid fuel usage are major contributors to air pollution.", "Excessive use of motorbikes,” "Factories, means of transportation,” "Excessive use of vehicles," And the graphic below illustrates that many individuals choose to

go by car rather than alternative modes of public transportation like bicycles, which are more ecologically friendly

8

đình bạn sử dụng phương tiện giao thông nào?

20 câu trả lời

@ Car

@ Bus

@ Train

@ Airplane

@ Bicycle

c) Solution

Population growth is accompanied by an increase In personal transportation and, more obviously, an increase in automobile emissions Using sustainable transportation instead of driving alone cuts CO2 emissions

by approximately 30%, lower atmospheric pollution, and improves air quality

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(Source: American Public Transportation Association, “Public Transportation Reduces Greenhouse Gases and Conserves Energy,” “Public Transportation

Saves Energy and Helps Our Environment)

and the associated health advantages Per passenger mile, atmospheric pollutants like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides are produced far less frequently by public transportation By reducing the number

of single-occupancy vehicles on the road, public transportation lowers the number of pollutants entering the atmosphere Most public transit does not provide door-to-door service, so passengers must walk a few blocks to reach a stop and their destination, lowering vehicle emissions

Despite knowing the advantages of sustainable transportation, it is difficult to change the habits of society from using an individual to public transportation To encourage citizens, the government should have a specific plan to make society get used to using public transportation

(Public transit)

3.2 Bus

Tuoi Tre newspaper conducted a survey of 100 people in 19 districts of the city on the pros and cons of taking the bus Of these, 50 use the bus as a daily means of transport, while the remaining 50 do not use the vehicles yet The survey aims to identify problems in the development of bus operations, as statistics show that the number of bus users is decreasing Most respondents 10

reason they don't use a vehicle when traveling in Ho Chi Minh City 77% of respondents said jostling or jostling on buses alongside evils like pickpocketing discourages them from catching a bus 66% of respondents answered that they are often late for work when taking the bus because they spend a lot of time waiting at train stations 50% said that buses, unlike motorcycles, offer low travel mobility Inconvenient routes and stations with unfavorable conditions also discourage people from boarding the bus, 41% of respondents said Meanwhile, 29% of respondents felt that buses often lack safety for passengers to board and disembark

a) Solution

To improve access to public transport and limit the use of private vehicles, the government should take steps to address the problems that make people reluctant to use public transport, especially buses From now to 20 years later, the transport sector needs to wisely develop all buses, bus equipment, and infrastructure, and heavily switch to electric and green-powered vehicles to achieve net-zero emissions The plan aims to promote the production, assembly, import, and use of electric buses, expand the use of E5 biofuel to all buses, develop charging systems and encourage both existing and new bus terminals and rest areas to adopt green practices

O Each bus should have CCTV cameras to give higher-definition footage to safeguard

passengers from societal vices such as theft or molesting women on buses,

O USB chargers and phone holders are available in the seats for persons who commute to work and need to complete chores on buses or attend

an online conference

O High-back seats make it more comfortable for people who must sit on buses for long periods, and a wood-effect floor makes the bus look cleaner

distinguish them from other seats for passengers who are less able to stand, such as pregnant ladies and the elderly,

With modem digital gadgets like TV on board, buses now transmit a broader range of real-time information, such as the time to the next stop, disturbances, and calming music,

Building regular bus stops for easy access, each with enough seats for passengers waiting for the bus to feel more comfortable, and each with

an electric board to announce the next bus arriving at the bus stop Optimization of bus routes to avoid overlap and provide coverage across the city in accordance with demand and providing frequent and reliable connections includes:

O More accessible routes to essential amenities such as retail malls and hospitals, or buses to

universities to ensure students arrive on time

The bus network is organized into main lines and branch lines, each with its frequency Buses on main arteries and highways used for long- distance travel must run at least every 15 minutes This is the bare minimum of the frequency with which the service is considered sufficient for travelers to arrive without checking a timetable On local routes, less frequent service may be adequate depending on demand and provided the service is running as scheduled

More widely available applications enable everyone to seek bus routes

on phones, making it easier to find and catch buses

Faster travels on specific routes by giving buses priority on the roadways and having bus lanes that other individual vehicles such as motorcycles, travel cars, etc are not permitted to use Ambulances, fire engines, and other priority vehicles might also utilize these lanes to go quickly during rush hours, avoiding traffic congestion

Extra buses are needed during peak periods such as morning and evening rush hours when many people must travel to work or school, as