Chapter 1 tourism in perspective group 4 presentation idea the cultural difference between international and domestic tourism in vietnam

- International tourism comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic o

Vietnam National University University of Languages and International Studies (ULIS)

CHAPTER PRESENTATION

Chapter 1: Tourism in Perspective - Group 4

Presentation idea: The cultural difference between international and

domestic tourism in Vietnam

GROUP MEMBER:

Lê Linh Phương - 23040602

Hoàng Tài Phúc - 23040593

Nguyễn Lê Thanh Hà - 23040346

Nguyễn Phương Thảo - 23040659

Dinh Nguyễn Nhật Minh - 23040505

REFLECTION FOR CHAPTER

PRESENTATION

Reflector Reflected Reflection

Overall, Phuc has contributed greatly to the group work, as his part is one of the two main parts of this presentation While his assigned part was hard to research, Phuc has shown great teamwork skills, communicating when he wi unsure, and letting the team know so that problems can be solved without conflict His willingness to learn and compromise has also helped the team t: work smoothly, and I am glad to have him as a team member

Throughout the team working process, Minh has shown excellence in his work, as the assigned portion of work he did was steadfastly done, providing Phú úc Minh i the information we needed for the presentation His presentation skills are al ;

very professional, as he speaks fluently and naturally, with sporadic needs o1 looking onto a slide since he seemingly has everything he needs stored in his mind Overall an excellent job

Ha’s contribution to the team during our working process has been shown clearly Although she did not participate in the first meeting in Google Meet due to unknown reasons, she still could catch up with the work progress and Minh Ha complete her assigned work on time Additionally, her presentation skills we

on point Her fluency in delivering the speech and her ability to gather classmates’ attention and lift their spirits were the factors the team needed fo

a good presentation In conclusion, Ha did her work excellently

Thao has been an outstanding contributor to our team She delivers high- quality work, meets deadlines, and approaches challenges with a positive, solution-oriented mindset Her creativity and attention to detail have been crucial in solving project hurdles, while her willingness to help others has fostered a strong sense of collaboration Their efforts have greatly contribute

to our team's success, and I look forward to working with them again Phuong’s contribution is crucial for the team She notified everyone on the team and set the deadlines for each category Nonetheless, her help in the slide-making process was a life-saver even though she was not assigned to tk job Her presentation was a bit hard to understand since the slideshow was nm

in its best condition but the content was logical and showed statistics Overal she was a great team member,

Phuong Phuc

Thao Phuong

CLASS’S FEEDBACK FOR THE PRESENTATION

The class's opinions on the presentation were mixed overall On one hand, the aesthetic and

design choices of the slides, particularly the images and content, received praise Many

students appreciated the clean visuals and thoughtful layout, which made the material easier

to follow However, a few minor issues were raised that could benefit from improvement

Specifically, several students suggested that the presentation would be more effective if the main ideas were more clearly highlighted Additionally, the absence of subtitles in the video segment was noted, as this would have helped students better understand the content

Reorganizing the main content to provide a more logical flow was another suggestion that could enhance clarity and engagement

Another point of feedback centered around the overwhelming use of diagrams and statistics, which led some students to feel disengaged during the presentation A few commented that the slides were too data-heavy, contributing to a sense of boredom In the quiz section,

students expressed disappointment with the rewards offered, feeling that more attractive prizes would have motivated them to participate more eagerly Lastly, feedback for the speaker was largely positive, with compliments on their fluency and confidence However, a recurring suggestion was for the speaker to increase interaction with the audience, as students felt that a more dynamic exchange would have enriched their overall experience and kept them more engaged

OUTLINE FOR THE PRESENTATION

1 What Is Domestic Tourism?

- Domestic tourism comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of

reference, either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an outbound tourism trip (IRTS

2008, 2.39)

2, What Is International Tourism?

- International tourism comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, that is to say, the activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips, and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips (IRTS 2008, 2.40(c))

3 Purpose of the Presentation:

- To dive in and understand more about the cultural differences between local tourists and foreign tourists in Viet Nam

- Find out the pattern of domestic tourism

- Find out the pattern of international tourism

- Compare two types of tourists and conduct the differences in terms of culture

I THE DIFFERENCE

1 Budgeting

Overview

Vietnam's Tourism Industry in 2022:

- Tourism revenue: $19.96 billion, with international visitors contributing $3.8 billion

- Domestic tourists outnumbered international tourists by 27.6 times, but the latter spent

significantly more: $1,038 on their Vietnamese adventure, nearly 7 times the local tourists

- International tourists’ spending also included shopping, with a day in Vietnam, costing about

$132, triple the local tourists

a Visitor Numbers vs Spending

- The difference in spending between domestic and international tourism can be reflected in the charts below:

@ In 2014, there were around 8 million foreign and nearly 40 million domestic tourists

However, foreign tourists generated around 8 billion USD for the total revenue, while domestic tourists only contributed around 5 billion USD, 2 times less than foreign tourists

© By 2017, foreign tourists, although accounting for only 12 million visits compared to 73 million domestic ones, the international tourist still contributed twice the revenue of

domestic tourists, with 16 billion USD and 8 billion USD respectively

© Finally, in 2019, the number of foreign tourists increased to around 20 million, while

domestic tourists grew to approximately 85 million Still, foreign tourists brought in close

to 22 billion USD, compared to domestic tourists generating around 10 billion USD

Number of foreign tourists vs domestic ones in Vietnam (2014-2023)

Not counting 2 years of Covid-19

150

people ~ c

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2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2022 2023

@ Domestic tourists@ Foreign tourists Number of foreign tourists vs domestic ones in Vietnam (2014-2023)

Revenue from foreign tourists vs domestic ones in Vietnam (2014-2022)

Not counting 2 years of Covid-19

@ Domestic tourists @ Foreign tourists

Revenue from foreign tourists vs domestic ones in Vietnam (2014-2022)

b Spending per capita

- For a bigger insight, this is the spending per tourist comparison between domestic and

international tourism

@ Overall, it could be seen that foreign tourists usually spend more than their local

counterparts

e Firstly, for the year 2014, it was shown that the average spending of an international tourist in Vietnam would come up to around 1000 USD, while a domestic tourist only accounts for around 180 USD, which is 5 times less than the foreign one

e Continuously in 2017, while the percentage of international tourists decreased

significantly, it still made up about 700 USD, contract to only around 200 USD generated

by the domestic one

® Finally, for 2022, the number of spending of international tourists witnessed a dramatic increase from 2019, surpassing 1000 USD, and reaching around 1050 USD

Average spending per tourist in Vietnam

© Domestic tourists ~@ Foreign tourists

Average spending per tourist in Vietnan

c Goods buying

® High spending by international travelers contributes to 60% of the Ben Thanh market's total revenue

® Greater spending also results in higher VAT refunds for foreign tourists

e In May, foreign visitors bought nearly VND120 billion ($4.7 million) worth of goods, resulting in a VAT refund of over VND8 billion ($313,700)

® In January-May, the city's customs authority refunded VND40 billion ($1.56 million) to over 7,200 foreigners

e For domestic tourism, a survey was placed in Hue regarding buying souvenirs and local specialties It was revealed that 46.5% of domestic tourists spend less than | million VND on special Hue products and souvenirs, 25.0% spend from | million to under 2 million VND, 19.5% spend from 2 million VND to less than 3 million VND, and only 9.0% of tourists spent 3 million VND or more

2 Food cuisine

a Choice of Dishes

It is undoubted that when tourists come to Vietnam when it comes to a cuisine experience, they would seek food that is already popular on a wide global scale, such as Banh Mi, Bun Cha, Banh Cuon, etc Let’s take a prevalent example when it comes to a foreigner coming to Vietnam for a

popular delicacy

In the presented footage, Anthony Bordaine is enjoying some “Bun Cha” with the 44th president

of the USA, Mr Barack Hussein Obama II It’s a special experience for the 44th president because this is a dish most unfamiliar to him, as Bordaine is guiding him through eating this dish with a side of Hanoi Beer, which can be very exciting for a foreigner However, most domestic tourists are familiar with these dishes as they’ ve had it on a certain daily basis

Though domestic tourists would seek a different taste, usually a dish much more different than

what they often eat back at home Take this image as an example

This is a picture, cut directly from (sangtraan (2023, December 26) is trying to show the viewer

a dish of stir-fried horse meat This is a delicacy most often found in the mountainous regions in Northwest Vietnam This contributes to the fact that this is the first time Sang had ever tasted horse meat, being someone who frequented the Vietnamese Southern Cuisine, being a person from Bien Hoa

b Food Preferences:

This aims to show information regarding the difference in food preferences when it comes to the Western and Eastern Cultures

According to (Clemente-Suarez, V J., Beltran- Velasco, A I., Redondo-Florez, L., Martin- Rodriguez, A., & Tornero-Aguilera, J F (2023) “The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products.” From this, we can assume that the Western world is used to fast food consumption

Meanwhile, in Vietnamese cuisine, there is a vast difference in its approach to nutritional values According to (Avieli, N (2010)), “Yet, while rice provides most of Viét Nam’s carbohydrates

and energy, polished white rice is nutritionally unwholesome and lacks fat, protein, vitamins,

minerals, and fiber Nutritionally speaking, Vietnamese cuisine is all about balancing these shortcomings with local edibles Fish and seafood provide protein; aromatics and leafy greens (and some other fruits and vegetables) supply vitamins, minerals, and fiber; and ground nuts and coconuts supply fats.” This technically shows the rice cultivation civilizations that until now are still present

c Dining Etiquette

To differentiate dining etiquette, we will show you the different dining etiquettes as well as the used cutleries to differentiate between each culture

Usually in the West, it is typical for a dining table to include a full set of cutlery just like this

The Formal Table Setting

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1 Sherry glass 5 Seafood fork 9 Salad fork

2 White wine glass 6 Soup spoon 10 Dessert fork and spoon

3 Red wine glass 7 Dinner knife 11 Butter plate

4 Water goblet 8 Dinner fork

Each different cutlery layout is used for a different purpose, and there are plates for separate food

The Vietnamese utilize chopsticks, one of the infamous East Asian cutlery A difference so drastic, that there would be tutorials regarding eating with these utensils, and eating different Vietnamese dishes This is something that local tourists wouldn’t need, as they are familiar with using this utensil

.-

E Step 3: Drizzle - uy Ng

How to eat Bun Cha Ha Noi

a The differences in terms of language

- In tourism in Vietnam, there have been policies by the Ministry of Learning and Education since 1986 (open door policy) These policies serve as a tool for integration into economy, politics, and society development Later, when tourism in Vietnam was boosted, the more international tourists came to Vietnam, the greater the need for international language in the tourism labor force According to the Tourism Bureau of Vietnam, 32% of the labor force in the tourism industry can speak English while only 3.2% speak some French and 3.6% speak some Chinese (vietnamtourism.gov.vn)

- While the Vietnamese tourist staff who can speak English hasn't reached 50%, the statistics

of the overall importance of English in hospitality communication is rather high

Table 3:

language (EL) helps to inform visitors of

‘s Customs

better communication

- In addition, the questionnaire was on a five-point Likert scale; (1) Unimportant (2) Less- important (3) Average (4) Important (5) Very Important (This concludes that the language barrier in hospitality and tourism is considerable in Vietnam As Vietnam gets more and more popular for many local destinations, international language users are needed

b Difference in History:

- Historical conflicts and religions:

@ Cultural and historical background of their country: Tourists from countries with a similar cultural and historical background to the destination will find it easier to

understand and appreciate its historical values On the other hand, those from vastly different cultures may require more information and explanation to fully grasp it

@ Eastern: Many Eastern regions have faced invasions and internal conflicts Eastern societies have been deeply influenced by philosophies and religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism, Confucianism

@ Western: Western history includes significant events like the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the World Wars, which have shaped modern Western societies Western societies have been influenced by Greco-Roman philosophy, Christianity, and later, the Enlightenment

c Tipping culture:

- Tipping culture is a custom of giving a sum of money to certain service sector workers such

as hospitality for the service they have performed, in addition to the basic price of the service

- International tourists: Many international tourists, especially those from countries like the United States, Canada, or Western Europe, are accustomed to tipping as part of their culture For example:

@ United States: Tipping is customary, especially in restaurants, where it typically ranges from 15% to 20% of the total bill Service workers often rely on tips as part of their income

Americans’ tipping habits vary across service settings

Among those who use each kind of service, % of U.S adults who say they leave a tip when

Always NET

I | Eating at a restaurant where there are Ki 44 92 servers (e.g., a sit-down restaurant)

Getting a haircut 13 78 Having food delivered

(e.g., through a delivery app)

- & Buying a drink at a bar

Gam Using a taxi or rideshare service

Buying a coffee or other

18 70

18 61

tits Eating at a restaurant where there are 7

w no servers (e.g., a fast casual restaurant) 12

Note: Figures may not sum to NET totals due to rounding

Source: Survey of U.S adults conducted Aug 7-27, 2023

“Tipping Culture in America: Public Sees a Changed Landscape’

PEW RESEARCH CENTER

- Domestic tourists: Tipping is either uncommon or unnecessary but is generally accepted Generally do not have a strong tipping culture and do not tip as frequently or generously For them, tipping is not a regular practice, and when it occurs, it is often small and symbolic:

®© Vietnam: Vietnamese people generally do not have a strong tipping culture For most domestic tourists, tipping is not expected or practiced, as good service is typically seen as part of the job, and there’s less societal pressure to give extra money

Taxi drivers (vietnamdiscovery.com)

d Transportation

Definition: From the perspective of tourism, transportation refers to the activity of carrying tourists from their residences or origin place to the tourist destination or where they want to go to

or the system used for doing this

International tourists:

International tourists, particularly those from Western countries, tend to prioritize comfort, convenience, and safety when it comes to transportation They often prefer services such as ride-hailing apps (Uber, Grab), taxis, or private transportation arranged through their hotels Renting vehicles like cars, scooters, or bicycles despite being used frequently in Western countries, these kinds of transportation are not used due to traffic rules and the chaotic driving nature in Vietnam

In some cases, international tourists expect transport options to be more aligned with Western standards in terms of comfort and cleanliness

International tourists might require services like English-speaking drivers or signage in English

Vietnamese domestic tourists:

Domestic tourists often rely on more affordable and familiar options, such as buses, trains, and

motorcycles

Many Vietnamese tourists prefer to travel in large groups with family or friends and may opt for tourist buses or rent larger vehicles for the entire group

Motorbikes are very popular among domestic travelers, especially in rural or mountainous areas, as they are accustomed to Vietnam's driving style and road conditions

Hospitality

Definition: Hospitality includes a range of businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, bars, resorts,

cruise ships, theme parks, and other service-oriented businesses that provide accommodations, food, and beverages

International Tourists:

International tourists often expect a high level of customer service, including polite,

professional, and efficient interactions They are used to being treated with attentiveness, and expect hotel or restaurant staff to be responsive to their needs

They may prefer luxury hotels, boutique accommodations, or authentic homestays, depending on their travel style

Language can be a barrier, so international tourists often expect English-speaking staff or some degree of communication in widely spoken languages like French, German, or Mandarin (depending on the source of the tourists)

Western standards of hygiene, privacy, and safety (e.g., proper signage, and fire safety protocols) are usually expected in hotels and restaurants

Vietnamese Domestic Tourists: