Final assignment course historical and cultural sites of vietnam research project on phong nha ke bang national park

UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, HUE UNIVERSITY FINAL ASSIGNMENT Course: Historical and Cultural sites of Vietnam RESEARCH PROJECT ON PHONG NHA-KE BANG NATIO

UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, HUE UNIVERSITY

FINAL ASSIGNMENT Course: Historical and Cultural sites of Vietnam

RESEARCH PROJECT ON

PHONG NHA-KE BANG NATIONAL PARK

Student: Nguyễn Thi Kim Ngoc

THUA THIEN HUE, 2023

EVALUATION SHEET

OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL SITES Student: Nguyén Thi Kim Ngoc

Topic: Research Project on Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park

score score Overview of the site 3.0

3 Method of naming 1.0

4 Historical events/ legends 1.0

Analysis of the site 6.0

2 Tourism potentials 2.0

3 Conservative methods 2.0

Reference + format + pictures 1.0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Introduction 1

2 Phong Nha-Ke Bang is a special Vietnam national relic site 2

4.1 History of cave ÍOrmafION - HS HH HH nh nh tae 4

V9 lliÀàaaiiaialẳẦẳẦlẳaẳaaaaiIĂIÁÝ 5

5 The meaning Of Ifs name cà nh 5

6 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Historical event/ legends 7

SN: lI-+ Na 7

6.2 Legend has it that Phong Nha cave is one of the most "soul" caves 8

7 The Phong Nha-Ke Bang its historical/ cultural values 8

7.2 Geology - geomorphology valuies 0 e cece cece ee ee teen eee ea ene 8

7.3 Typical values of the traditional culture of ethnic øroups 9

S Phong Nha-Ke Bang Its Tourism potenfiaÌs -«- 10

8.1 Explore the Caves of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park 10

S.2 Phong Nha avwe co c TH HH TH n ĐT nà nh nh kh hy 11

9 Conservation methods -. HH HH nh nh ven 11

9.1 Current conservation methods cà cà cà sen 11

12 9.2 Proposed conservafion methods cà nà c2 vn hà

SCO Fat Qe) oe) LbE<) (0) 0 2g HH Đ nn ngư nh ben 12

REFERENCES - cọ HH TH TH nen He BH Bo B nà ru 13

1 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Introduction

It is not an exaggeration to say that Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is the best tourist destination in Vietnam Thanks to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, which has breathtaking landscapes, a wide range of fauna, and geomorphology specific to karst areas, your trip to Quang Binh province will be one you won't soon forget There are opportunities for both cave exploration and jungle hiking in this location, which is a true naturaltreasure waiting to be discovered

2 Phong Nha-Ke Bang is a special Vietnam national relic site

Phong Nha-Ke Bang is a special Vietnam national relic site Specifically, it was classified

in the historic heritage sites and scenic landscapes category

The special Vietnam national relic sites are those that are characteristically valuable and unique to the nation The Prime Minister selects significant artefacts that have been designated as national treasures by the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, with the first rating occurring in 2009 The Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park was recognized as

a Special National Monument according to Decision No 1272 / QD-TTG on 12/8/2009

by the Prime Minister [1]

The requirement to evolve a historical relic is construction work, a place marking occurrences observing a particularly significant turning point in national history or associated with a national hero or a prominent celebrity with great influence on the

historical process of the nation [1]

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has many important historical and cultural relics such

as the Ho Chi Minh Trail, Xuan Son Ferry, Nguyen Van Troi Ferry, information line, the

Quyet Thang Road No 20 (Winning Road No 20), Tam Co Cave (Eight Girls Cave), Cua Chu A (The Road-turn of A letter); and famous landscapes and beautiful sites such as Bong Lai lake (Fairyland’s lake), Nuoc Moc stream (Water Rising stream), Sinh Ton

valley (Existing valley), Wind waterfall, U Bo Mountain, Vooc Well (Langur well), etc;

The most aged evidence of human occupation of the area is Neolithic axe heads and similar antiques found in some of the caves There are some relics of Ham Nghi King, a final King of the Nguyen dynasty before the French colonial period, at Maria Mountain

in the north of the Park Currently, the Arem and Ma Coong ethnical groups live in two

villages in the core zone while the Ruc people live in the buffer zone of Phong Nha - Ke Bang NP Until 1962 these indigenous people lived in the forest in houses made of bamboo and leaves or in the caves, living from forest products and hunting They used straightforward devices and their clothes were made from the bark of a toxic forest tree (Antiaris toxicaria) and lianas Since 1992 the Government of Vietnam has set up two new settlements for these 475 people, who are the two most diminutive ethnic groups in Vietnam These people are familiar with several economically valuable species, specifically precious timber such as Mun and Hue (Diospyros spp and Dalbergia tonkinensis), and oil extraction from species such as Tau (Hopea hainanensis) and many medicinal plants.[2] The Phong Nha Cave has long been a site of religious and touristic importance, with an old Cham Temple uncovered in the cave and it was a site of worship

in the ninth and tenth centuries During the war with the USA, the Phong Nha-Ke Bang forest and caves were a garrison and weapons store for the Vietnamese army

Not only a historical relic but Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is also recognized as a famous scenic spot in Vietnam

Phong Nha-Ke Bang possesses 15 categories of habitats with 10 important types of vegetation Evergreen completed woodland shelters 93.5% of the area, of which, over 90% of the national park is a rare typical tropical limestone karst ecosystem that remains but mostly unaffected [3] This is one of the national parks with the largest percentage of primary forest and the largest coverage in the system of special-use forests in Vietnam In particular, the existence of a population of 500-year-old Bach Xanh, an area of about

4,000 ha, growing mainly on limestone mountains at an altitude of more than 600 m, is

considered the most unique forest habitat, of global importance conservation needs and values Green cypress is an ancient and endemic plant species of Vietnam, currently only remaining mainly in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park

With the landscape surrounded by evergreen closed and semi-evergreen forests, most of which are still untouched, Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park has rich biodiversity values globally with numerous beautiful and rare animals and plants [4]

Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is in the middle of the Annamite Mountain Range in

Quang Binh province, Viet Nam, southwest of the Gianh River; the West and Southwest

border the Lao People's

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[8] The property comprises an

area of 123,326 ha, including

three zones: strict protection zone (100,296 ha), ecological restoration zone (19,619 ha), and administrative service zone (3,411 ha)) [3] Phong Nha-Ke Bang also contains

terrestrial and aquatic habitats, primary and secondary forests, sites of natural

regeneration, tropical rank forests and savanna It is rich in large, often spectacular and scientifically significant caves

4 Categories

The reason why it is considered a special Vietnam national relic site is that it full of elements of culture, politeness and long existence

4.1 History of cave formation

The geological tectonics that took place in the limestone mountain range of Ke Bang is responsible for the construction of the cave system in the Phong Nha-Ke Bang region The oldest karst in Asia is found at Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, where the tectonics of the karst was produced 400 million years ago, during the Paleozoic era [3]

4.2 Culture

In addition to being the second-to-none cave system in the world, Phong Nha Ke Bang also preserves tangible and intangible cultural heritages containing many values symbolizing national historical and cultural values Early in the 20th century, Phong Nha

Ke Bang was visited by British and French explorers and researchers They discovered a

variety of old Cham and Vietnamese monuments, including Cham altars, Cham characters etched on rocks, bricks, stone statues, Buddha statues, and ceramics, in

addition to the gorgeous scenery and the values of tourism The Vietnam Institute of Archaeology said Phong Nha Cave contained evidence of the most significant

archaeological ruins in 1995 In the IX—XI century, the ruins in Bi Ky Cave may have been a Cham mosque Here, enamelled Cham ceramic fragments were also discovered Additionally, there are ceramic designs in the form of lotuses that include rabbit fur's turquoise and light pink hues

Phong Nha-Ke Bang Area is also a place that used to exist and presents a system of historical and cultural relics valuable for many eras such as archaeological relics Prehistoric archaeology, ancient Champa and Vietnamese culture, relics of King Ham Nghi's resistance base against the French at the end of the 19th century at Ma Rai

mountain

Phong Nha cave is the place where King Ham Nghi lived during the period of Chieu Can Vuong's resistance against the French colonialists [7]

5 The meaning of its name

The name Phong Nha- Ke Bang means to refer to the name of a national park in Quang Binh that is Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park

Phong Nha Ke Bang National Park is named after Phong Nha cave, the most beautiful

cave, known as the first cave, including magnificent rock formations and the name of a

large limestone forest, Ke Bang

Phong Nha cave is a world natural heritage, Phong Nha has the longest water cave, the highest and most comprehensive cave entrance, also the most beautiful cave in this cave complex So what does the name Phong Nha mean?

There is an opinion of a tour specialist, learn about the customs and habits that "Phong Nha is the tooth of wind" (meaning Wind Tooth)

Then, the guide fluently cited data from a guidebook of Vietnam's landscapes: "From above, stalactites radiate down like big teeth and the wind is constantly blowing through

the teeth Therefore, Phong Nha is the tooth of the wind! [10]

Under the Nguyen Dynasty, the place name "Phong Nha” appeared in the official history from the reign of King Gia Long, in the book Hoang Viet Thong Nhat Nhat Dai Su

(1806) and other subsequent national histories These historical histories, before and

after, all recorded that it was the place name of an administrative village: Trang Phong Nha (now Phong Nha residential group, Phong Nha town, Bo Trach district), equivalent

to the village or commune level in the plain, not the name of the cave.[10] The original Chinese characters in the book Dong Khanh Du Geography copy Phong Nha place name

in two words with the form 1, in which the word I&(phong) means: "mountain, mountain top", the letter ffj(nha) has meaning: "things are arranged in rows", according

to which, the place name "Phong Nha” means: "the mountain peaks are lined up with the same message" After that, anyone who used this place to call the name of the cave in place ever since has not been confirmed by any documents [11]

In short, Phong Nha is not the tooth of the wind or the many teeth or the house of the wind This place was coined due to the suggestion from the image of mountain peaks lined up next to each other

The name Phong Nha is also used to abbreviate both the National Park and Phong Nha cave, so many people often confuse it [12]

Phong Nha cave also has other names such as Thay Tien Cave, Thay Mountain, Trooc Cave, Trua Cave (Chua Cave)

6 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park Historical event/ legends

During the years of war against America, Phong Nha is the hottest front National Park Phong Nha-Ke Bang existed as a historical relic of our army and people in the protection

of independence and national reunification On this front, the struggle between ourselves and the enemy was very drastic For two times cause a destructive war, to cut off my aid for post-major Northern large southern frontline, US imperialism has used a large number

of aircraft, and warships, to flush down a huge volume of munitions that are mostly aimed at the entire transport system Military zone 4 in the province, which is the enemy

to "panhandle region.”

As the front line of the large northern hinterland, where the entire force, technical and material to meet all requirements of frontline and revolution two southern Laos,

Cambodia, is a starting offensive pedal position south of the 17th parallel targets, Quang Binh Phong Nha becomes key raiding prevent extremely intense, fierce air Force, US navy; attempt to destroy life on the entire route; line of fire it became challenging the will, the energy, the strength of our army and people

The army and people of Quang Binh have defeated the war strategy by the Air Force and navy of the empire Noodle With determination, "Mark enemy that comes, which way

forward"; "Vehicles not over, the unsparing"; "Roads are not informed, unfortunately,

blood spared no bones” Army and our people have clung staunch pillar in the line of

fire, traffic holds blood vessels, and assist ensure comprehensive, continuous rear to the

front, an important contribution to the victory of the resistance war against cosmetic industry and the country

The line of fire - traffic artery in the province of Quang Binh Phong Nha-American time

in history hit against the invasion of our nation as the epic of extraordinary strength, intelligence and courage of man Vietnam, the people of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh era From

here, feats, sites; Phong Nha Xuan Son ferry, the 20 - Decision Win, ATP key, hang 8

Young Volunteers and Ho Chi Minh Trail was always shining in the history of the nation against foreign aggression in Vietnam

6.2 Legend has it that Phong Nha cave is one of the most "soul" caves

The "soul" of Phong Nha cave is the master god who takes this cave as a residence to protect the people in the area Once upon a time, he was honoured and worshipped by