TaKHM oOpa30M, /IDAKOH HHKOTIA cyulecTByeT KaK D€A/IbHOC CYHICCTBO HDHPO/IHOTO MHpa, HO B ÕO/IbHIHHCTB€ KYIbTYp /IDAKOHBI MOABAAIOTCA H H€TKOH30ÕPpAXAIOTC4 HO hopMe, H HecyT B C€CỐC rayO
Trang 1BỘ GIÁO ĐỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHAM THÀNH PHO HO CHÍ MINH
KHOA TIENG NGA
NGUYEN HA DAN NGOC
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
NGHIA VAN HOA QUOC GIA TRONG VAN HOA
NGA VA VIET NAM QUA PHAN TICH VI DU Y
NGHIA CUA LONG LAN QUY PHUNG
Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Nga
Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, năm 2023
Trang 2MuHHcTrepcrBo OốPa3OBAHH4 H NOATOTOBKH KađpOB
XOIIHMHHCKHĂ FOCV/IADCTBCHH-If nesarorHueckHit VHHBCPCHTCT
a a a a tt ttưt tt ?+t*ưtt#t
aKY/IbT€T DYCCKOTO 33bIKa
BBIHYCKHAZ1 KBA.-IH®ĐHKAHHOHHAZ1 PABOTA BAKA.IABPA
Ha TÊMV:
JHHTBOKYZISTYP0:10THCCKHIT ACHCKT HCCJEC/OBAHHS KY/ISTYPHBIX KOHHOTAHHII B DYCCKOÌi H Bb€THAMCKỌI KYV.IbTYPAX: Ha IDHM€D€ KOHHOTAHHÌÍ /IPAKOHA, ©/IHHODOTA, 1€p€HAXH H eHHKCA
Hà1H0114215H0-Cryneutka: HryeH Xa /lan HroxHayne pyKOBO/IHT€7Tb: Dan /[HHb Xoaur
r XomumHu, 2023
Trang 3BE HÀ tiittntiiocccit06162610062012060601122501271200200210202212717012202202022120020217122225262275226555226:22 2
PABA I: TEOPETHHECKHE OCHOBBI
JIHHTBORYJIBTY POTOTHUECKOLO AHA.TIH3A S
Í JÏHHTBOKY/TIbTYDO:TOTHE c c so G5 c0 0 ch H cọ H TT cà cà T0 Tàn 016899901196 5
2 300-0OPa3bI B /IHHTBOKY.IETYDO/10THH Q5 S555 510 93 9v se 7
2.1 300-06pa3bi B YCTOÌÍ4HBBIX CĐABHCHHSIX H HADCMHSX à.«<«<<<< §
2.2 OTpHIAT€¿/IbHbI€ H H0/102KHT€/IbHBI€ KOHHOTAHHH 300HHMHH€CKHX
OEDRO Du pi150026102220210021012101310712001052101056003551352156756585255125ã10363355035663858385383058553 12
PABA 2: CPABHHTEJIBHbBIM AHA.IH3 JIHHTFBOKY.IBTYPHBIX
ROHHOTAIIHII /IPAKOHA, E/IHHOPOFA, EPEHAXH H ®EHHKCA B
PYCCKOH H BhETHAMCKOH KYJIBTYPAX., e.5<5<<<s<sse<sessee 15
Trang 4B HOC/I€IHH€ TO/NbI 3HAWHTCIbHO BBIDOCIO KOZIHHHCCTBO HHOCTDAHIB,H3Y4IOIHIHX PYCCKHH ASbIK, B TOM HHC7I€ H Bb€THAMCKHX CTY/I€HTOB Tak, B 2011-
2012 vyue6HoM rToAV Ha (}aKVIBT€T pYCCKOTO 3blKA XOHIHMHHCKOTO
rocyfapcTBeHHoro II€/ATOTHHECKOTO VHHB€PCHT€TA HOCTVHHIH TOIbKO 28aOuTypHCHTOB, HO B 2022-2023 yweðHoM rogy ỐbI10 npHHATO yxe 70 4G/IOB€K
[ĨÏDHWHHA TAKOTO YBCMYCHHA YMAIIIXCS 3akOYACTCA B TOM, 4TO B HOCICJIHCC
eCATHMeTHE AaZHaTCKHe CTDAHbI, BKTIONaA Bb€THaM, CTaIH BOCNPHHHMaTbCA Kak
NOTCHUHAIbHbIC = OObCKTbI WIA 2KOHOMHHCCKHX HHBCCTHHHI PoccHlicKoli(Penepaunn B pe3y:IbTaTe MHOTH€ DYCCKH€ CIIELHđJIHCTbI IDH€Xâ/IH BO Bb€THaM HCII€IOBAT€/IBHO V BbeTHAMCKHX CTY/I€HTOB IOZBHJIACb H€OỐXO/HMOCTb H3VWATbDYCCKHÍI #3bIK {Wid OOWICHHA H COBMeCTHOH /I€STf€JIbHOCIH B pA3HBIX c(pepax3KOHOMHKH, KY/IbTVDBI H NONHTHKH /[pyraa HIpHUHHd 3âK/IOHA€TCS B TOM, HTO B
HOCICAHHNE TO/Ibl BbCTHAMCKHÍI TYDH3M LOOWICA 3HA4HT€2IbHbIX YCH€XOB, OCOỐ€HHO
UPHHAB CTaOWIbHbI IOTOK DOCCHIÍCKHX TVPHCTOB Ilo crarucruke riaBHoro
VIPABICHH3S TypH3Ma (MHHHCT€PCTBO KYJIbTypbI, CHODTA H TYPpH3Ma),
HO/ICHHTbIBA4 OỐIII€€ KOJI4€CTBO DOCCHIÍCKHX TYpHCTOB BO BberHame B 2018 ro/yAocTurno 606 637 Typos; 3a nepBbie 12 Mecaues 2019 r BberHaM npuHan 646 524poccniickux nocerureseli, wo Ha 106,6% Gosbule, 4eM 3a AHANOrMYHbIi MepHos
2018 roga Bo BpemMa HAH/ICMHH KOJHYCCTBO TYPHCTOB CHH3HIOCb, HO C€ÍiMdCIIOCTCIICHHO BOCCTaHaBIHBacTcs Bb€THAaM — cTpaHa CO MHOTHMH XpaMaMH,HarowaMH, CBATbIHAMH, IIDHB/I€KAIOIIHMH K HOC€LI€HHIO TYDHCTOB ÏÏpH€3/KA5 BOBb€THaMC Ha OTIYCK, DYCCKHC TYPHCTbI H€ TO/IbKO XOTAT OTAbIXaTb Ha MODC,
HâC71A3/1ATbCđ KPaCOTỌÍ NAKeli, HO H Y3HaTb KYJIbTYpy B M€CTC, Pe OHH BbIỐPaJ1H
ASIA O1/IhbiXa.
Bugumo, uro ỐbIBA€T HOTD€ỐHOCTb y pyCCKHX TYPHCTOB y3HaTb Bb€THaMCKVK?
KYJIbTypy H HAOỐOpOT, ý Bb€THAMCKHX CTY/ICHTOB H3VWATb DYCCKHÍ #3BIK HDYCCKY!O KY/IETVDY jÏÿXOBHA5 KY/IETVDAđ 2THOCA4 OBH€IIHS€TC# BOILIOIIVHHSMH:
to
Trang 5O/I©3KJIIA, ABbIKOBbIC €HHHHBIL pPA3IHHHBIX YpoBHeli ƠNHHM H3 BOILIOIHHHIJYXOBHỌ KY/IETVDBI 4B/HSIOTCW (ÙODMHPOBABLIHCCS B TeYeHHe CTOII€THHCTCD€OTHIIHbI€ OOpasbl KHBOTHBIX (300-0ØpA3bI) Onn COCTaBIAIOT CI€ItabiuccKHfI
(ÙDATM€HT YHHKaNbHOH HAIUIOHA/IbHỌÍ KAPTHHbI MHpa, HOCKO/IbKV BbIpaxaloT
/ID€BH€ÌÍHIYIO H/I€IO O B34HMOCBS3H BH€IIHHX H€DT H BHYTPeHHHX KAQ€CTB
3KHBOTHBX H ¡/IOH€I IHAKO C€ TeYeHHeM BpeMeHH 300-06pa3bI CTA/H
HCMONb30BaTbCA TâKXK€ H /U14 KOHICHTVA/IH3A4HHH B CO3HAHHH W€G/IOB€KA
COIIHđ/IbHBIX H MCAJIH4YHOCTHBIX OTHOIH€HHÍI.
TaKHM o6pa30M, AKTYA/IbHOCTE H€C¿I€/10BAHHH OIID€/IC2LICTCS TOM, WTO OOpa3bl CBA3AHbI C M€HTA/IHT€TOM H CaMOCO3HaHHeM HADO/1A, H3VH€HH€ KOTODBIX
300-BIIHCbIBAETC# B 34/I24H /IHHHIBOKV/IbTYPOIIOTHH OB/13/1€HH€ 23THOKY2IbTVDHOf
CIICHH(ÙHKỌÍÍ HE TO/IbKO IOMO3K€T Bbi3BATb ÕO/IbIHOÌÍ HHT€D€C DYCCKHX TYDHCTOB,
HO H HCIIOJIb3Y€TC1 IKCKYPCOBOJOM HH OỐII€HHH CO CBOHMH K/JIH€HTAMH H3POCCHH 7/14 Toro, TOỐbI OỐb#CHHTb CBOHM TYDHCTAM HHTepeCcHble KYJIbTVDHBI€(baKT&I
He.: BBUIBHTB CXOJICTBa H O1JIHHH4S 300-00pa30B {€/IPpaKOH», C/IHHODOI,
«1J€DCIaXa» H 4)€HHKC» B PyCCKOH H BSCTHaAMCKỌÍ KVZIbTYpAX
J1 7IOCTH2K€HI1 71AHHOIÍ Wes ƠbI2IH HOCTAB/I€HbL C/16/1VIOHLI€ 38/1A4H:
- BbIZB/I€HH€ yTIOTD€Õ718€MbIX B pabote TepMHHOB
- O630p IpOB€/ICHHbIX HCCJIGIOBAHHÏI MO H3y4aeMoli TeMe
- AHAIIH3 300-06pa30B {jIÐpaKOI», «eqHHOpor», Yepenaxa» H «eHHKC» B
pyYCCKOli H BbCTHaMCKỌÍ KyJIbTYpax.
- COIOCTAB/ICHH€ 300-06pa30B ‹7/IDAaKOH», C/IIHODOI3%, Wepemaxa» UH
«(PEHHKC» B PYCCKOH H BLETHAMCKOH KyAbTypax.
OỐb€KT HCC/ICIOBAHH4: ‹/IÐAKOH», KCAHHOPOr, «4€D€IAaXâ» H «{€HHKC» B
PYCCKOH H BhETHAMCKOH KYIbTYpAX
Trang 6Iipeqmer HCC/II€HIOBAHI: /IHHTBOKVIbTYPHA4 KOHHOTAHH4 300-06pa30B(/IDAKOH», «CAHHOpOr, «€p€HaXxa» H («(È€HHKC» B DYCCKOÍ H Bb€THaMCKOĂ
MaT€pHa7IOM HCC/16/10BAHH4 8/1410TC1 42 DYCCKHX H Bb€THAMCKHX 300HHMOB
H 9Š (ÙD43€0/10THHE€CKHX €/IHHHII C 300HHMHH€CKHMH KOMIIOH€HTAMH, BbIÕDAHHbI€
H3 «{€Ð)a3€O/IOTHH€CKHII €710BaDb» Now penaKuHeii LO A JlapHoHoBoli, a TaK%€
«CyloBpapa Bb€THAMCKHX IIOC/IOBHIH H IiorosopoK» Hryen Jlan H «Từ điền tiếng Việt»(BberHaMeckoro ciosaps) (/la Hanr, 1997)
Crpyktypa paØoTbi PaØoTa COCTOHT H3 BBC/ICHH4, ABYX T/1AB, 3aKJIOUCHHA H
Øm6;iHorpatbHwecKOFO cIIIcKa
Trang 7I2LABA I: TEOPETHYECKHE OCHOBBIJIHHEFBOKY-IBTYPO./IOTFHHECKOFO AHA./IH3A
1 JÏHHTBOKY.IbTYp0.10rH1
IIpu H3YYCHHH HCPpOAHOPO A3bIKAa COBPCMCHHAA JIHHFBO/IHIAKTHKA CHHTACT
H€OƠXO/IHMBIM 3HAKOMHTbC4 € KYV/IETVpoli CTPAHHI, KOTOpad HO71b3V€TCAã /IAHHBIM 3BIKOM, H HO3fOMV OốpaIIiaeTc4 K 1OCTH3XCHH4M JIMHTBOKYIbTYPOJIOPHH.
JlHTrBOKV:IbTYpO/10TH4 — 9TO HayKa, BO3HHKIHA21 Ha CTbIK€ JIMHPBHCTHKH H
KYJIBTYPOJIOTHH =H HCC/ICJIYIOLHA4 NpPOABJICHHA KYJIBTYPbl HapoOsa, KOTODBIC
OTP43HJIHCb H 34KD€IH/IHCb B ASbIKe Ona H3YWA€T 33bIK KaK (Ù€HOM€H KY/IETVPBI,
BbID33KAlOHUHÏÍ M€HT4/HT€T Hal lÍHBIMH C/IOBAMH, TO, KaK KY/IbTYPA Hapoyla
OTpaxkacTca B ero 33bIK€ [3, c 1-6] EC2IH KY/IbTYPOJIOTH4 HCC/I€/TY€T CaMOCO3HAHH€
€/IOB€KA IIO OTHOHI€HHIO K IIĐHĐO/I€, ÕII€CTBY, HCTODHH, HCKYCCTBY H /IDYTHMC(€paM ero COHHAJIBHOTO H KV/IBTYPHOTO ObITHA, a 43bIKO3HAHH€ DACCMATPHBAETMIHDOBO33DCHHC, KOTODOC OTOỐPaA3XACTCS H (ÙHKCHDYVCTCS B 3BIKC B BHCMCHTQIBHbIX MO/I€:r€ïÍ #3bIKOBOÌI KapTHHbl MIIDA, TO JHHHT7BOKV2JIBTVDO2IOFHA HMCCT
CBOHM IIDC7LMCTOM H ASbIK H KYJIBTYPY, HAXO/UHHHCCA B /71H471OĨFC€, B3aHMOsICHCTBHH.
TeDMHH 4¿1H1HTBOKV2IbTYPO/IOTHS» MOABHJICA B CBA3H C paboTaMH y4eHbIX
(bpa3eo/OFHde€CKOIÍ HIKOjIbl, BO3raBI4@MoOI B.H Tenna, padotamu A.JI
ApyreHoBoli, B.B Bopoốbepa, B.A Macnosoii, lO.C CTenanopa, B.M
LaKJIeHHa, H ap JÏHHTBOKY/IBTYPO/IOTH4 CTAHOBHTC# BCce ỐOil€€ HOIYVJIIpHOĂ
HAYVWHỌÍ /HCHHILIHHỌÍ B COBPCMCHHOM 13bIKO3HAHHH Oa BO3HHKJIA Ha OCHOB€HCCJI€/IOBAT€/IbcKnx padot B H Teuna (1996), B B Bopo6besa (1996), B A
Mac.iopoii (2001) H /IDVYTHX JIHIHTBHCTOB 716/IOBAT€/IbHO, H3VW€HH€ KV/IbTYDPBI
H€P€3 ASbIK - H/I€ã HE HOBAA.
CO3/1ATG/CM /IHHTBOKV/IbTYPOJIOTHH€CKOTO HOJIXOJIA K 33blKV CHHTAGTC4
BunprenbM (bow ymGonpat (1767-1835) — Obi OAHHM H3 MepBbIX, KTO 3AHHMAaJICAH3YYCHHCM B3AHMOCBA3H ASbIKa HW KYJIBTYpbI Ou TOBODHT, “TO MãTCDHA1IbBHA1
5
Trang 8BMecTe € YXOBHOHi KV/IBTYpỌ BoIIOHIAatOTc4 B 43bIKe Konuenuna B.boH[YMƠO/IE/ITä TâK3€ CBO/JLIACb K TOMY, HTO BCAKAA KYJIbTYpa HAHHOHA/IEHA, ecHâIHOHđ/IbHBIÍ XapaKkTep BbIpaKacTcA B 33BIK€, a Z13BIK Õ14/1A€T OCOOOI ;U11
KA3/IOFO HApO/A4 BHVTp€HHe€I (opMOI Hyea sBuytpenneii (ÙODMBIL 33bIKAd
3âK/IOHA€TC1 B BbIPAKEHHH KY2IbTVPbI Hapo/la B dou [YMƠO/Ib/IT CHHTđ2/1, HTO
Z13bIK BblCTVIA€T B KA4€CTB€ CB13VIOIITO 3B€HA M€?K/IV H€/IOBEKOM H OKDY2KAIOIIHM
ero MHpoM [1]
lHHT€PpCCHI /IHHTBOKV/BTYPOIOFTHH OHCHbP HIHĐOKH OHà H3VHACT
CTHIMCTHYCCKHH (POHA PasHbIX 43bIKOB, a TâK3K€ (POPMBI CYIICCTBOBAHH1 TOPO HJIH
HHOTO ASbIKA, VAICIACT BHHMAHHe PCUCBOMY HOBC/ICHHIO H YTHKCTY H T.71.
C 71pyroli CTOPOHBI, B JHOOOM HalHOHaIbHOM 3bIK€ OƠbIMHO MAPKHDOBAII, OTMCHCHbI OHDC/IC7ICHHBIC CBOHCTBAa, IPH3HAKH, KOTOPbIMH XapakTCpH3yloTcs
MpCAMeCTbI COOTB€TCTBVIOHICFO KJIACCA, HH Darke Hadop TAKHX HH3HAKOB H HX HepapxHa, TO CCTb OHH H Te ?X€ OObCKTHI BOCIIPHHHMaloTca H KO7HPVYVIGTCZI 2THOZ3BbIKOBBIMH CO3HA@HHAMH B COOTBCTCTBHH C BbIPAaOOTaHHbIMH B /HâHHOM
STHOKYJIBTYPHOM COOOHI€CTB€ NpeCTaBICHHAMH O /IAHHOM TIDC/IMCTC Oun
TOJTYUMIH HasBaHHe 4JÍHHTBOKY/IbTYDHa5 KOHHOTAI{HS».
Ilo mHeHMio B.H Tessa H E.O, Oi1aDHHa cTHHTFBOKY:ISTYPHA51 KOHHOTAHHS
— HHT€|ID€TALHZ /I€HOTATHBHOTO HH OO6pa3HO MOTHBHĐOBAHHOFO CHI€KTOB
3HAYCHHA 3bIKOBOFO 3HAKa B KAT€TODH4X KYJIbBTYPBI, IP€/IIO/1AFAIOIHIA48 Bbl4BJICHH€
CBA3H OỐPA3a, 7I€3KAII€TO B OCHOB€ HOMHHATHBHỌ €/IHHHIEL 33bIKâ (C7IOBA HII
(ÙpA3€0/IOFH3MA), CO CTCDCOTHIIAMH, CHMBO/IAMH, 3T4710HAMH, MH(ÙOJIOFCMAMH H
APYTHMH 3HAKAMH HảIHOH3/IbHOÍ H OƠIICWC/IOBCHCCKOÍI KYIbTYPbI, OCBOCHHOÍÏÍ
HA4DO/IOM — HocHTesemM #3BIKA ÏÏOHSTH€ KYV/IBTYVDHOÌ KOHHOTAIHH #B/15€TC36a30BbIM UIA JIHHTBOKY/IBTVDO/IOTHH — TOM HACTH JIHHTBHCTHKH, KOTOpad
HCC/I€/IV€T H OIIHCbIBA€T KO|)D€CHOH/IEHILHH A3ZbIKa H KYJIBTYPbI B HX CHHXPOHHOM
B38HMO/I€ÏÍCTBHH H B3HMOB/IHIHHH.
Trang 9Ilo wHeHHto B.H Tenna (1996), KYJIbTYPHAS KOHHOTAHHS“ — HHCTpyMeHT
AVIA H3VWCHH4AI XTOFO B3aHMOCHCTBHA B ONPCACJICHHbIC HCpHOAbI HH 3HOXH 2KH3HH
HapO/a, OK434BHIH€ 3AMCTHOE BO3/ICÏCTBH€ Ha (}ODMHDOBAHIIC CTO MCHT@JIBHOCTH.CHOCOỐHOCTb #3biKA BbIPaKaTb CMeHY KYJIbTYPHO 3HAWHMbIX ODH€HTHDOBHCC/I€/IOBA/IACb B OT€W€CTB€HHOIÍ (ÙH/IO/IOITHH Takoe B3AHMO/I€ÌÍÍCTBH€ MOXKHOHÃ2IOJATb H B JIEKCHH€CKOM, H BO (Ù)A3€OJIOTHH€CKOM IUIACTaX A3biKa MxMpPOHCXOAACHHE H /UIHT€/IbHO€ (ÙYHKHIHOHHDOBAHH€ T€CHbIM OỐPA3O0M CB43AHBbI CHCTODH€Í KOHKpeTHOrO 3THOCA, ero ObITOM, MOPA/BIO, CTĐ€MJICHHSMH,
KYJIBTYPHbIMH âBTOCTCPCOTHHAMH H T.71 C 3THMH CTODOHaAMH 2KH3HH CTOJIb ?KC
H€DACTODXKHMO conpsxKena dpaseonorna Ona TOX€ BBICTVIA€T LI€HH€ÌIHHM
HCTOHHHKOM CB€/I€HHII O KV/IBTYP€ H MCHT@INTeTe Hapoda
Ha ypoBH€ T€MATHM€CKHX TDYHH /ZI€KCHKH OM€Hb CHIbHOH IH€MATbIOHALHOHA/IbHBIX IĐ€JICTABIICHHÍ O MHpe, Ố€CCHODHO, OTMCHCHbIL 300HHMbI,[IOCKO/IbKV CT€|)€OTHIIHBI€ IID€JCTAB/I€HH4 06 OỐb€KTAX (ÙâYyHbI, OKDV?KaloIeÌi
€JIOB€KA, BC€I/1A HM€IOT KYJIbTYpHOe CBO€Òpa3H€ Dror (bak BBI3B8)1 NOABIEHHE
B HOC/ICIHHIC /1CCTH/ICTHS ÕO/IbHIOFTO H€J1a pa6dort, THC HCC2IC/IYIOTC2ZI
7U1)Ù€D€HI147ISHbI€ CeEMbI B 3OOHHMHYECKO! JI€KCHK€ Pa3HbIX 33bIKOB
2 300-06pa3bi B /IHHTBOKYZISTYP0:10THH
B nacTosrnee BD€Mã B OT€€CTB€HHỌÍ JIÊKCHKO/IOTHH He BIO/IH€ YCTOANOCh
T€DMHHOOốØO3HaAW€HH€ JICKCCM H (bpa3eo/IoTHd€CKHX COHHHL, HãA3b1BAIOIHIHX
3KHBOTHHIX.
O.EO CeMnHa [2008] HacraHBaecT, ro B pyccKOM /IHCKYpCC Npcobnagator
HMCHHO BTODHUHBIC (ICPCHOCHDIC) 3HA4CHHS 3OOHHMOB H OHH ỐO/ICC
pa3Hoo6pa3Hbl, 4eM, HalIPHMep, B 4HTJIHÌÍCKOM A3bIKe, «CTaHOBACh Pery/LAPHbIMH,
9TH ACCOIIHAHHH CO3/IAIOT Y MHOTHX 300HHMOB TO, HTO MOXKHO Ha3BaTb
«300-06pa30M», — 2TA/IOH HEKOTOPbIX IIDH3HAKOB, D€A/IbHO IIDHCVHIHX 3KHBOTHBIM —
«HCXOAHbIM D€đ)€D€HTAM» — HJIH IDHIHCbIBA€MBbIX HM KO/LICKTHBHBIM A3bIKOBbIM
€o3HaHieM» [ 17 c.106]
Trang 103OOHHMBI HM€IOT 3HAWHT€IIbHBII HH(ÙOpMAHHOHHBIÏ IOT€HHHAI H
BBIIOI-HSIOT DA3/IHMHBIC HOMHHATHBHBIC (ÙYHKHHH B 335IKC, OHA H3 KOTODBIX —H300paxcHHe W€DT Xapakrepa G/IOB€KAd, ero XapaKrepa H HOBC/ICHHI /ÏAHHYVIO(PYHKUHIO MOFYT BBIIO/IHSTb H1 YHIB€DƠBI, H CIOBOCOH€TAHHS C pasHoit CT€I€HbIO
YCTOÌÍ4HBOCTH 2/I€M€HTOB, KOTODBI€ BXO/UIT B TDAHHHBI HIHDOKO IIOHHMa€MOÌI(bpa3eo.lorun [2Š] HaiipuMep:
1) oIHCaHH€ BH€IIH€TO BHJ1A: CbesbANA, 1014đỊb, Wbltttb, 411121, COỐO/IHbI€ Oposu,Oj2/IMHbIE Hoc, 1ebedunad Nocmynb;
2) OIIHCAHH€ YMCTBCHHBIX cnocobHnocteli: bapan, ocel, Kypunble Mo32u;
3) OIHCAHH€ HOCTYIIKOB, NOBeAeHHA, H€DT XapakTepa: I2cuEOMHOe, 36€Ðb, Nec,C6UHbA, COPOKA, 2ICVK, AUca, nNemyx, opel, CHĐ€IHbIÙ 60ĐOƠGl, 3M€GN NOOKO-
100M8, Bout annemuM, 2onAM COOAK, HOCUMLCA KAK Kypuya € ANLYOM;
4) onucaHHe @H3H4eckHx €IIOCOỐHOCT€ÍÍ (B YAaCTHOCTH, JIOBKOCTH): €10M, Medeedb,
KODO8đ, Õ@3b#Md
Takum OỐPA30M, 300HHMbI B HX MCTa(pOpH4CCKHX 3HAYCHHAX APKO
BOILIO-HAIOT HapoOHOe MHPOBHJICHHe, MAPKHDVIOT HCHHOCTHO-CMBICIOBỌ CCTMCHT
PYCCKOH 33bIK4BA% KADTHHA MHpa — «KHCTOPHYeCKH CJIOKHBIHI€ÌÍCS B OƠBI/I€HHOMCO3HAHHH /1AHHOTO 3bI- KOBOTO KO/II€KTHBA H OTPA2K€HHỌÍ B AZbIKC COBOKYHHOCTH
HIp€/ICTAB/I€HHïÏf o MH- pe» [ 10, c 33]
2.1 3o0-0ốpa3bI B VCT0ÌÍ1HBBIX CpaBHeHHAX H IIADeMHSX
Bee THHBI YCTỌÍHHBBIX OỐOpOTOB, OCOỐ€HHO HAD€MHH (HOC/IOBHIEI HHIOFOBODKH) B CHCTCMC 3bIKâ B3AHMOCBA3AHbI H NOCTOAHHO B3AHMO/ICÍCTBVIOT B
HPOICCC€ ()YHKIUOHHPOBAHH1 B 2THX OTHOHICHHSX 3HAWIITCIbHOC M€CTO
34HHMAIOT IIDOIH€CCBI ID€OOP43OBAHHS H II€D€XO/IA4 O/UIHX €/IHHHI B ApyrHe:
IIOC7IOBHIIbI MOryT IHCPCXO/IHTb B HOTOBOPKH, a HOTOBODKH MOTYVT CTATb
(bpa3€0/I0TH1€CKHMH €HHHHHAMH H CDABH€HHSMH.
§
Trang 112.1.1 300-0ốpa3bI B YCT0Ïli4HBbIX CpaBHCHHAX
Pycckuii 43bIK 4D€3BbIWaÏÍiHO GoraT YCTỌÍÍ4HBbIMH CpaBHCHHAMH (Qđ1ee VC),
KOTODBIC IIDC/ICTABZI5IOT CÒỌÍ OoraTblit MAT€DHđ71 AIA HCCJIC/IOBAHHS CH€LU1)HKH
ABJICHHH HDHĐO/IBI, KY/IbTYPBI, W€/IOB€W€CKOÌI HCHXOIOTHH H Ap YC CIYXKATCIICLH(ÙHHCCKHM YIIOM 3PCHHA UIA BbIABICHHA YHHBCPCA/IbHBIX ITAOHOB B
AZbIKAaX,
YC MOIYT CO/CPXATb Kak O6pa3bl H€IOBCKA (HauenbIt KAK pebenoK,(KKVPQIHHĐIH Kak Hemey, 3acmenuusolt Kak OeeytuKa), OOpasbl €CT€CTBEHHBIXABNCHHH (@G/1b/blỦ KaK 6eMep, ZOpANUI Kak OzOHb), TaK H OOpasbl 3“HBOTHBIX (ynpamolt Kak Oapan, 3100/3100nbI Kak cobaka, Xpabpbili Kak 166), pacTcHHit (kpenkutl Kak Oy6, KoMONUT Kak Kakmyc) H ap «YcrowHunBple CDABH€HHS MOTYTBKIIOHATP B CCỐI CHCHH(ĐHMHBIC /UIA TOW HH HHO JIHHTBOKV/bTYPBIXAPAKT€DPHCTHKH, KOTOPBIC [ĐACKPBIBAIOT OCOỐ€HHOCTH ỐbITA, TPANHHHÌĂ H
MBIHH/I€HH4 ïIAab0/1a H fp.
Mb cpaBHHBa€CM pycckHe YC c BB€THAMCKHMH YC € 300HHMaMH,OIIHCBIBAIOHIHMH W€PTEI XapakTepa, HTOỐBI BLIABHTb DA3/IHWH# HH CXO/ICTBA MOKLY
JIBYMA ASbIKAMH.
B nponecce c6opa YC Mbi 3AM€THLIH, WTO pa3sHHua pH yuotpedsenun YC c
3OOHHMAMH, XADAKT€DH3VIOIHIHMH YepTbl XapakTepa, M€3KIV PpyCCKHM H
Bb€THAMCKHM A3bIKaMH OosIbiad HanpHMep, IPH XapakTepHcTHKe JI€HHBOTO
xapakrepa B PyCCKOM A3bIKe ynorpedjserca YC JIÊHHBBIĂ Kak TIOJICHb, a BOBbCTHAMCKOM A3bIKC THOJICHb BOOỐIH€ HC HCIIO/Ib3YCTC1 AIA OIIHCAHH4 JICHH tacTo
nenoubsyrorces YC lưới nh lon (JICHHBBII Kak CBHHbS) CBHHbðS B CO3HaHHHBb€THAMI€B ABJIACTCA CHMBOJIOM /JI€HHBIIA, IIO2TOMY HET HHW€TO Y/U1BHT€/IbHOTO BTOM, 4TO BO BbETHAMCKOM #3bIK€ /71AHHbIÏÍ OOpa3 4II€ BCero ynoTpebsAeTCA WIA
XAPAKTEPHCTHKH JICHHBOTO YOJIOBCKAa.
B pyccKoM 3blK€ HCHOIb3VMOTC%W €7€NVMOIHH€ YC c 300HHMaMH,
OIIHCbIBAIOLIH€ 4€PTBI XapakTepa YCOBCKA:
9
Trang 121) HpH ođHCaAHHH đ1OỐpOTbI HCHO/Ib3vIorca YC (Š €1HHHH): 20Øbtử Kak aeney
(Øòtcut), QoÕpbiÙ Kak AznenoK, OOOpasn KaK 061đ, OOOpaA Kak 06G4K&đ, OOP KaK
menenok,
2) YC co 3HayenHemM II€2KHOCTH (3 €/UIHHIIBI): 1đCKO@bL (HG2(CHbHH) KAK MeTEHOK,
N€2ICHbLl KAK PblOd, AACKOBA (ACKAMDBCA K KOMY-/1.) KAK KOUKG;
3) YC, CB43AHHbI€ € HeBHHHOCTHIO (3 €7/HHHHHBI): 6ezepeunbiti (HenopounaAa) KaK
O61{4, HCHOJĐOWHbIÙ (HEBUNKbI) KAK QẺH€H, HEBUNHAA Kak ê0/Ỹb:
4) YC, XapaKT€PH3VIOHIH€ HOCJYIHHHĂ xapakrep (8 €AHHHH): nocryutHorti(nokopHolll) KaK cobaka, NOCAVUMbIt KaK OCGI, HOKODHbIÙ KaK azHey, NOCAVUHbIT
(noKOpubll) KaK AzHeHOK, Nocryuma (noKOpHa) KaK O6Ya, NOKOPHbIU Kak 2o1ybb,
NOCAVULHDIL (NOKOPHbI) KAK COOAYOHKA, RocIYUHbUL (NOKOPHbIL) KAK MENEHOK;
5) YC, cBa3anHbie c TDY/10/IÒH€M (4 €1HHHLUDI): mpydonobuevitt Kak Bep6.1I00,
mpydomobueoitt § (npiwiencneiti) KaK Mypaeet, mpydomobuevllt Kak nueva,mpydoMoousolil KAK NYEAKA,
6) YC, OIHCbIBAIOHIH€ HIPG/AHHOCTb (2 cAHHMUbI): npedannol (6epnan) KaK CobaKa,npedannoitt (6epuoitt) KaK nec;
7) YC, onncpiparoume xpadpoctp (3 €7/UIHHHHI): xpabporli Kak 1G6, CM€TbHl KaK
muep, CM€IbLl KAK Aeonapo,;
8) YC, OIHCbIBAIOIIH€ VIOPHHIÍ XapakTep (5 €/HHHH): @b!HOCU6b1ữ KaK My,
VNOpHbIll KAK OCGI, BINOCUBbI KAK NOUdOd, BbINOCIUBbITL KAK 8GĐỐ H00, yNOPHO
(pabomamb) Kak Mypasett,
9) YC, cBa3aHHble CO CKDOMHOCTbIO (4 CAHHHLbI): CKPOMHGA Kak 2H€1, CKDOAHbIl
KaK A2HenoK, CKj)O.MIbrl KAK 0614, CKPOMHGA KqK O6e4KA,
CpABHHBA4 HX, MDI 3aMeTHIH, HTO CYHI€CTBYIOT 2KBHBAIEHTHbIE YC,
HAIPHM€P, MypaBeH H I4€CJA KaK B DYCCKOM, TaK H BO Bb€THAMCKOM A3bIKeDACCMATPHBAIOTC Kak TỊY/10/IOƠHBBI€ 3KHBOTHbI€ C/IHAKO DA3THWH B KYIbTYpe,
HCTOPHH, HCOJOPHH, a TakoKe pyre @akTopbl BBI3BIBaAIOT pasHoodpa3ne oOpa30B
10
Trang 13A3bIKa, B TOM WHC/1€ B oố1acTH YC Hanpumep, 3HaqeHHe oốp43a ỐbIKa pA3/1H9A€TC4
B JBYX ASbIKAX Bo BbeTHaMKOM A3bIKe ObIKa CHHTAIOT CTADATCJIBHBIM H
TPY/1021OỜHBBIM 2KHBOTHHIM, 8 B DYCCKOM — YIIPAMBIM.
3naHHe Takoro po/a YC ocoÕ€HHO B43HO WIA TeX, KTO 113YA€T DYCCKHIÍ
3bIK KAK HHOCTPaHHbiit, P€3V/IbTATbi HCCACAOBAHHA /IOHO/IHSIOT CVHI€CTBYIOHIH€Hay4Hble IID€/ICTAB/I€HH4 O06 YVCTOÌÏHHBBIX CpaBHeHHAX — B HACTHOCTH, HH
OIIHCAHHH XapakTepa H€/IOB€KA — H MOFYT MOMO4b HOCHT€I3M pyccKOrO H
BbCTHAMCKOFO 33BIKOB JIYHLIIC HOHATbB HDYVT Apyra Kpome toro, OHH ỐY/IYTCIIOCOỐCTBOBATE DA3BHTHIO KYJIbTYPHBIX TDA/NHHHÌI B 2THX CTpaHax H I€p€/IAau€ H3NOKOJICHHA B IOKO/ICHHC NPeACTABACHHH O 33bIKOBOM OoraTcTBe 2THX CTDAH
2.1.2 30o-oốpa3b1 B IIApeMHSX
300-06pa3bl B HAPCMHAX ABMACTCA PBA3KHOI YACTbK AZbIKOB MHpaHapeMHOJOPHYeCKHE €/IHHHHBI C KOMIIOH€HTOM-3OOHHMOM HID€/ICTABJ1810T coboiiB€CbMA CII€HH(}HM€CKHÍ( miacr OHH OTpaxator pâ3HOOỐPA3H€ B HâLHOHA/IbHBbIX,
KYJIbTYPHBIX, IICHXO/IOTHHCCKHX, MCHTQIBHBIX H COHHA/IbHBIX OCOOCHHOCTAX,
MIpHCYIHX OID/ICIICHHOMYV #3bIKOBOMV coodmecTByY O KaxjoM crocobe
BbIACICHHA THOCJIOBHIL KAKABIN HCC/IC/7LOBAT€ZTb CV/UIT TO-CBOCMY.
B PacCMaTPHBaeMbIX HAMH IIOC/IOBHHAX C ZKHBOTHbIM KOMIIOHCHTOM B
PYCCKOM H Bb€THAMCKOM 43bIKAX BbINCAIOT €C7I€7IYIOHIH€ Be FDVHIHHI:
1) Pycckue HADCMHH, HMCIOIHH€C MOJHbIC IKBHBAJICHTbI BO BbhCTHAMCKOM A3bIKC: B
23TV TpYHHV BXO/UIT HAD€MHH Bb€THAMCKOTO H DYCCKOFO 43BIKOB, OỐốpa3HOCTb H
CCMAHTHUHCCKAS Harpy3Ka COCTABHBIX KOMHOHCHTOB KOTOPBIX COBII3/13I0f.
Hanpumep:
Pycckaa HOCIOBHHA «KowKu Hem OoMa MbluKaM 6078») COBMayaeT Cc
Bb€THaMCKOlÍ NocnoBHueh «Méo ra cửa, chuột xướng ca» (KOUIKa HT K ABepH,
MBIIIIKA IIO€T) QTM€H€IIO, 4TO B Õ€HX IOCJIOBHIIAX HCTO/Ib3VIOTC4 TE KE 300HHMBI
(KOIIIKA-MBIHIB) JUIA OIHCAHH4 TOHKOCTH OTHOII€HHIÍ M€3K/TV 7IIO/bMH, KOTOpbIe
AHBYT HỆ B MHpe H COI2I1A4CHH, a B NOCTOAHHBIX pACHDZIX, CKâH/14/1AX, ccopax.
11
Trang 14Takum xe 06pa30M OỐCTOHT Meno € IOC/IOBHH€ÌÍ «CÒđK&đ aem, Kdpd6d1udém (6emep HOCHIH)2, KOTOpad CUHTACTCA HO/IHBIM IKBHBAICHTOM Bb€THaMCKOĂI
nocuopnue «Chĩ cứ sua đồn người cứ di» (CoOakn 1IDO/IO/DKAIOT, HO KapaBaHIIDO/IO2KA/I HATH) H ÕO3HAHA€T: coOaKa He OyjleT axTb, KapaBaH BC€ paBHOHỊDO/IO2ZDKHT HATH K CBO€ÍÍ Le, He OOpalijad HHKAKOTO BHHMAHHS Ha 3/10C/IOBH€,CIZI€THH H VHP©KH, KØTODPBI€ H MOAPa3syMeBaroTCca MOM /1A€M CÕaKH
2) IabeMHH, CXONHbI€ HO CMBICIIY, HO 3TOT CMBICI MepegắTca Yepe3 OỐpA3BI
Pa3SHbIX 2KHBOTHBIX: K HHM OTHOCATCA HOCJIOBHHbI H HOFOBODKH DYCCKOFO H
apaOckoro Z43BIKOB, HICD€/AIOHII€ TAâKỌÍ 3V CMBICI, HO HỆ€3HAHHT€/IBHO
p4321H3IOHIHCCA XV7Z1O?KCCTBCHIHIBIMH HDHCMAMH H KOMIHOHCHTHBIM COCTABOM.
2.2 OTPHILAT€ZIbHbI€ H H0/102€HT€/IbHbIG KOHHOTALLHH 300HHMHWH€CKHX
o06pa30B
HaHMCHOBAHH4 )KHBOTHBIX B Pa3HbIX AZbIKAX BM€HIACT pasHble KaA4€CTBA H
XAPAKT€PHCTHKH, IIĐOBOIIIDV€T pA3IHMHHBI€ acCOHHAHHH Cornacno H.B.Kypaxosoli 2TO CBH/ICTCZIbCTBYCT OỐ HH/IHBH/JIVA/IbHOCTH OỐPA3HOTO MBIHUICHH3
KOHKPCTHOFO Hapoja, MTO SBIIGT coool CJIOXHBIÍ
CCOHHATHBHO-IICHXOJIOTHW€CKHÌÍ Mpouecc, a TâK?K€ O D43/IHHHSX B II€HHOCTHỌÌÍ KapTHHe MHpaP33⁄1H9HbIX ITHOCOB [19, c, 15]
Hanbonee APKO MCHTAJIBHOCTb KaKOT0-nn6o HADO/HA TMpOABIACTCA BO (ppa3eonorn3Max € KOMMOHCHTOM-300HHMOM JKHBOTHbIC BC€F/A *KHJIK PANOM C
YCSIOBCKOM JJoMaInne 3KHBOTHBHI€ — STO IOMOHIHHK pyr, ea H O*e*RK Ma, /IHKH€
3KHBOTHBIC — 370, B NCPBYHO OUCPCAb, HIDOHHTaHUIC, ốc3 KOTODOTO H€/IOBCK HỆ MOXKCT
O60ï†THCb
B pyCCKOM 3bIK€, HO HDOB€/I€HHbIM HCC/I€7LOBAHHSM, 300HHMBbI-OƠDđ1I€HHS
C OTDHI1AT€/IbHoÏÍ OKPacKOH COCTABAAT OKOO 98% [32] HanipHMeD, 7/14 MY3KHHbIOTDHIIAT€/IbHBIÍÍ OOpas CDABHHBA€TC € KO3Ọi H HE€TVXOM: «/Jpbizamb (CKdKđlih)Kak Ko3en (KO31OM) (ueodobp.)», ‘Oo ỐCTVUICM IPbDKKAMH, HG7I€IO CKAHVHI€CMMY3KHHH€Ì: «Opambca Kak nemyxu (HĐOH.)» ˆÍO 3K€CTOKO H 3âOPHO /I€DVHIHXCS
12
Trang 15MO/IO/IBIX 7IIO/X HJIH MY3KHHHaAXÌ A OỐPA3bI KOHA H OP/IA BBIDA3KAIOT [IO3HTHBHO€
OTHOHICHHC K MY3KHHH€: 43Ị0Ð06b1U KaK KOHb (npocm.)» “06 OM€Hb 340POBOM,KỊD€HKOTO CJ102KCHH, CTATHOM MYV?2KHHHC€”; K6bIZTAOEMb (CMOmpembcaA) 010M (KAK
ope.) (oo6p.)» ˆO MO7JIO/I1€BATO, ÕO/IDO BBITJ187UHI€M MY2KHHH€” A 7ULS ?K€HHLHHBI,
«KaK XOAMOzOpcKaA KOpoea (HapodH., HĐOH.)» “O MOPOAHOH, TODO/LHCTOII,
FDY/1ACTỌI 3K€HIIHH€`; «KaK KO2đ OpAHCKAaA (Oudn., UpOH.)» ˆO XY HOH, HCTOIIeHHOfÍ
H KOCT/I14BỌI 2*KCHULMHe’; «Kak Obe3bANA (npe3sp.)» ˆO G/IOB€K€ (Yale 3K€HIIHH€) €
H€KDACHBOII, YPO/UIHBOIl BHeWHOCTDIO’ H TẠI Tlowrm BC€ OHM CO3/AHbI
HOMHHalHAMH CaMOK 3KHBOTHBIX, KDOM€ KDOKO/H/1Aa Hamu HaÏICH TOJIbKO OHH300-00pa3, KOTOPbIii BbIPaxaeT NO3HTHBHYIO OI€HKY 3€HHIHHbI 2TO OOpasða6owKH: Kak Ga6ouKa 'O HAD4/LHOIÍ, B€C€/IOÌÍ, KHBOH H HO/IBH2KHOIÍ MO21O/IỌÍI
3XCHII[HH€, /I€BYIIK€”
B GOTIHHH€ oT pVCCKOTO, 3KHBOTHbIC BO BbCTHAMCKOM HMCIOT Kak[IO/IOXHT€IIEHO€, TâK H OTPHHAT€IbHO€ 3HaqeHH€ Bcero 300HHMHI-KOHỶ/IHKTOF€HbL VHOTD€ỐUI4IOTCE B OTHOHICHHSX C /IDV3b4MH, KOJUICTAMH HH
JIĨ/UMH, 33HHMAIOIIIHMIH ƠO/I€€ BBICOKH€ /1O/2KHOCTH HaIIDHMCP, MO?KHO CKa3aTb
!Ị€/IOB€K HH2K€ CAMOTO CeO, MO?KHO CKa3aTb Ngu Nhic heo (TJIYTbIÏÍ Kak CBHHb8), NgU
nhự bo (LJIYHBII KaK KODOB3) HJIH MOJKHO CKa3aTb thang chĩ (coØaKa) - 9TO COBO
MOXKET BbI3B4Tb TPeCHHA M@KAY /1BYM4 /7HO/IbMH Kpome Toro, 0 CÕAKAX HHCBHHbAX TaK3K€ FOBODST C IO/IO)KHT€/IbBHBbIM 3Ha4€HH€M HanpHMep, MaTb HH OTeL
MOryT Ha3bIBaTb CBOHX /I€reli bé heo (CBHHb€ll), heo con (HODOC€HKOM), CN con
(HICHKOM) H T /I, HMC# B BH/IV HX MHJIOBHHIHOCTb Mnorga TâKHẴ€ OỐPaAHI€HHSHCHOJUIb3YIOT JIÕSIHH€ /IDYT 7DYTA MONOAOH 4€JIOB€K H JICBY1LIKA
13
Trang 16BbIB0/I H0 r:1aB€ I
Takum o6pa30M, 300HHMbI pH BC€Ï( HX OỐbI4HOCTH HOIO/IHSIOT JICKCHKYH€TIDC/UMCTHỌI ACHCTBUTCIbHOCTH, 4 HMCHHO XapaKTeCPHCTHKY CBOHCTB €/IOBCKA,
eTO MOCTYNKOB, H MOMOralOT COH3M€PHTb HX B COOTBETCTBHM C W€/IOBEH€CKHM
MacluTaOoM 3HaHHH H IIP€/LICTAB/ICHHIÍ, a BM€CT€ C TEM H C CHCTCMỌÍ
HaltHOHasIbHO-KYJIBTYPHbIX WeHHOCTeH H CT€D€OTHIIBI
[ÍaHHOHA7bHA4 CH€HHQHKA HCCIGIY€MOIÏ TDYHHBI cioB MoxeT ỐbiTb
BBIZBJI€HA HH COIIOCTABJI€HHH C 3KBHBA7I€HTHBIMH €/IHHHIIAMH Ipyroro 43BIKâ.
COIOCTABJICHH€ VCTỌÍWHBBIX cpaBHeHHii H NapeMHii B pa3HbIX #3bIKAXIIO3BO/IHICT ÕO3HAWITb HX CXOACTBA H D33/IHHH5, H Ha ITOH OCHOB€ BbIABHTb
pa3HHUy He TOJIbKO B OI€HK€ YepT 300HHMOB, KOTODBI€ BbIpaxeHbl B YC B
A3bIKOBOH KapTHHe MPa, HO H B CJIOKHBIIIHXCS TpaHUHOHHBIX MpeCACTaBsICHHAX YHOCHTe/IeH PYCCKOH H Bb€THaMCKOÍÏÍ KYJIbTYp
Jlanee ỐbUI paccMOTpeH KOMMOHEHT-300HHM, KOTOPHIÏ, OKA3biBA%Cb BCOCIAB€ (}PA3€O/IOIH3MA, 3aHHMaer BAXHO€C MỆ€CIO B_ (ODMHDOBAHHH
(ppasconornuecKoro 3HauCHHA H ABIIACTCA OCHOBHbIM KOMIIOH€CHTOM
(ppaseonornyeckne €/UIHHIbI DA3€O/IOTHM€CKH€ €/UIHHILbI €
KOMMOHeHTOM-3OOHHMOM (ÙODMHDVIOT CBO€OƠD343HVIO 3OOHHMHH€CKVIO (Ùp33€O/IOTHH€CKVIOKADTHHY, OỐPA3HVIO AHTĐOIO/IOTHH€CKVO MOJIGIb MHpa, KOTOP34
HHT€PIIDVTHDVTCS 4epe3 XXHBOTHBIX 300HHMH4ECKHE KOMIOH€HTBI
(ÙPA3€O/IOFHH€CKHX €/IHHHL MAâDKHDVIOT HAHHOHAIIbBHO-KV/IBTYPHVIO CH€HHÙHKVHCDCHOCHOTO 3Ha4€HH4A (ÙPA3CO/IOTH3MOB, OIIHCbIBA1 OCOỐCHHOCTH BH€HIHOCTH HXapakTcpa C/IOBCKA MCDC3 XAâDAKTCPHCTHKH 2XHBOTHHIX Ha ocHoBe ana:113a
HHB€/I€HHBIX BBIHI€ T€OD€THM€CKHX OCHOB MbI IIDOB€/IVM CĐABHHT€JIbHO€CPABH€HI€ €TbID€X 3KHBOTHbIX: /IDAKOHA, €/IHHODOTa Yepenaxy H (ÙÊ€HHKCa, HTOƠBI
H€TKO YBHACTh JIHHPBOKYJIbTYPHble KOHHOTAHHH jIBYX CTpaH.
14
Trang 17[ULABA 2: CPABHHTEJIbHbIM AHAJIH3 JHIHEFBOKY.IbBTYPHBIX
KOHHOTAUHH JPAKOHA, E/IHHOPOFA, HEPEHAXH H ®EHHKCA B
PYCCKOH H BbETHAMCKOH KY.IbTYPAX.
B 2Tolí r71AB€ MbI IpOAHA/IH3HĐOBđ/IH H€TBID€ MpeAcTaBHTeIA ABYX CTpAH H
HX /IHHTBOKV/IBTVPHBIC KOHHOTAHHH B HApO/HBIX HOCIIOBHHAX, HOFOBOPKAX,
HADCMHäSX H /IDYVTHX JIHT€PATYPHBIX TÊ€KC7aX, TAKHC Kak OacHAX II CKA3KâX
1 /lpakon
JÏDaKOH — O/U1H H3 CaMbIX HOIYJISDHBIX KV/IbTYPHBbIX CHMBO/IOB B MHpe BoBb€THAMCKOM C/IOBAD€ /ID34KOH OIID€/I€/II€TCä KaK BOOOPaxKaeMOe 3KHBOTHO€ HOJI€T€H/I€, T€JIO KOTOPOrO /UIHHHO€, HQ€IIYĂÍHATO€, HM€ET HOTH, MO3K€T /I€TATb,CHHTAGTC CAMbIM Ố/IAFODO/IHBIM H3 BCCX 3KHBOTHBIX /[pyroe OIID€/IG/ICHH€ T/IACHT,4TO JPAKOH — 2KHBOTHO€, (ÙHTYPHDVIOII€€ B BOCTOHHỌÍ H 3AHA/HỌ MH(O/IOTHH,
HD€/ICTABJIICT coool JI€F€H/ApHBIÏÍ Tâ/IHCMAH, OỐ/1A/1210UMMlÍ HeoỐbIwaliHoli cHz1oli
TaKHM oOpa30M, /IDAKOH HHKOTIA cyulecTByeT KaK D€A/IbHOC CYHICCTBO HDHPO/IHOTO MHpa, HO B ÕO/IbHIHHCTB€ KYIbTYp /IDAKOHBI MOABAAIOTCA H H€TKOH30ÕPpAXAIOTC4 HO (hopMe, H HecyT B C€CỐC rayOoKHe (ÙH3HHCCKHC 3HAH4CHH4S,
XapaKTepHble JIA pA3HBIX KVJIETVP.
Ilo TpanHuHH PoccHH — 9To eBponelickaa cTpaHa H ỐO/IbIHIHHCTBO poccHaH
B€DHT B IIDABOCJ1ABH€, KOTODO€ OTHOCHTCA K XDHCTHAHCTBY B DYCCKOM BOCIIpHATHH
/JDAKOH B XDHCTHAHCTB€ ABIIACTCA CHMBOJIOM /UbHBOJIl H TOXKe BOIIHI€ƠHBIC
AUBOTHHIC, KOTOPOFO HE CVYHICCTBV€CT NOXOKCE Ha 3MCIO.
Ha 3anaye B CTHXOTBOPeHHAX, IOCBSLI€HHBIX PePOAM, CO/I€D?KHTC# MHOTO
IID€IAHHÌÍÍ O TOM, 4TO T€DOH YOuBaIOT ApaKOHOB DTH CIOX€TbI WHPOKOPACIPOCTPAHH/IHCb B (ÙO/IbK/IOD€ H CTA/1H BH3HTHỌ KADTOMKỌÍ CpeaHeBeKOBOrO
CBDOIICÍCKOFO H€KYCCTBa Ilo nerenac, Ha OcHOBe paccKa3a «lÏpOTHBOCTOSHH€
Apakoua H PAKOHOỐODHAđ B MHDOBỌÍI MH(O/IOFHM€CKỌf TDA/IHHHH» AoweAWeli 1O
Ypai1a, /IDAKOHbI — OIIACHbIC CYHICCTBAđ, 2KHBYIHH€ B II€CHI€pax Õpa3 jzpaKona
15
Trang 18H300paxKaeTCA KaK KPBI/IATO€ 3KHBOTHO€ C OCTPbIMH ?K€/I€3HbIMH KOTT2MH, HM€€T
TPH POJIOBBI H IHUIIOCTCf OFHOM H 3/ICKTPpHUHCCTBOM Ox qACTO HAHOCHT yuiepố
COC€/IHHM /ICDCBHIM, BOPYIOT /I€HbTH H CIIHHIKOM CBHPCIBI, woop! VÕHBATb
JIDAKOHOB Bot HOM€MY, Kora on /IÕPAIC1 AO AepeBHH, 3KHT€IIH /I€D€BHHIIOZK3/IOBA/IICb DBII1AO Ha APAKOHA, H OHH D€LIH1/1 HỌITH H ỸHTb Apakoua [loc;ieØOpbƠbI C /IDAKOHAMH B T€W€HH€ CeMH /IH€ÌÏ H C€MH HOM€ÍÍ OH, HAKOH€I, YORIIPaKOHA H B€DHYIbI MHp B /I€D€BHH C Tex Nop H30ỐPA3KCHH4 ApaKOHOB 3âI1A/1HBIXCIPAH, B TOM MHCI€ H POCCHH, aBIaeTCA XKeCTOKHMH CYUI€CTBAMH, HƠI
1YZIOBHIHaMH.
JÏDaKOH #1B/IICTCZ OAHHM H3 HAHƠO/ICC H3BC€CTHbIX CVIHCCTB B MH(}OJIOTHH H(ÙO7bKJIOP€ MHOTHX KY/IETVP, B TOM HHC7I€ H B DVCCKOIÌI OjNHaKO B pycckoiiKY/IBTVP€ OƠPA3 /IDAKOHA CBA3bIBAeTCA C DA3IHHHBIMH KOHHOTAUHAMH, KaK
HO/1OĨ?KHT€JIbBHBIMH, TâK H OTDHHATC7IbHBIMH.
B pycCCcKỌ KV/BTYVP€ /IPAKOH MO%KeT CHMBO/IIH3HĐOBATb 3AIHIHTV H
HOKDOBHT€/IbCTBO HaHDHMCP, B HapOHbIX CKa3KaX H /ICFCHJAX ApaKOH MOxeT
3aIIHIHATb repocB H IOMOTATb HM /IOCTHFATbB CBOHX HGJICfí, ƠJHHM H3 IDHM€DOB
đBJII€TCS CKA3Ka «MÍapb3-HADEBHAa» (DYCCKd3 HADO/IHA" cKa3Ka) O XPAHHT€/I€, KOTODBIÌÍ OXPpAH4/I 30710T0€ AHLO, H repolí cKa3KH, [ÍBaH-HaD€BH, CMOF
/IDAKOH€-HO6€/HTb J1ÐAKOHA H IIGJIVHHTb AIO.
JÏPaKOH B DYCCKOII KybType TAK2K€ MOXT CHMBONH3HPOBaTb CHUY H
MOTVII€CTBO 3TOM KOHT€KCT€ OH MO)KỆT ỐBITb CB33AH C MH(ÙHH€CKHMH H
F€DOHUCCKHMI ICDCOHA2KaMH Hanpumep, B FCDOHHCCKHX ỐbUIHHAX ApaKOH MOXCT
ỐbITb H3ÕPA7KCH KaK MOTYHHÌ BOHH HIM CHJIbHBIÍ Bpar, KOTODOTO repoit /102712K€H
HOƠ€/IHTb OHH H3 HIDHM€DpOB — ƠbI1HHa «JloOppina Hakutuy H 3M€lI ÏOpbLHbI»(MyIbTHJIbM))
B pycckoii KY/Ib†TYp€ /IDAKOH TakxKe MO)K€T ObITb CHMBOJIOM 3/13 H OlIACHOCTH
B 9TOM KOHTeKCTe OH MOXeT ỐbITb H3O0ỐpA3K€H Kak CYHI€CTBO, KOTODO€ VFPpOXAGTrepoaM H OỐII€CTBV B H€/IOM HaHpHMEP, B D€IIHTHO3HBIX T€KCTâX /IDAKOH MOX€T
16
Trang 19ỐbITb H300paxkeH KaK CVIHI€CTBO, KOTOPOC ABIIACTCA BOIUIOIH€HH€M AbABOSIA H KOTODOC PposuT nmopabouleHHeM UCIOBCUCCTBA.
B pycckoit KY/IBTYD€ /IDAKOH TakxKe MOXKCT ƠbITb CHMBO/IOM OoraTcTBa H
pPOCKOIIH B 7TOM KOHT€KCT€ /IDAKOH MOxeT ObITh H30ÕPA3K€H Kak CYHI€CTBO,KOTODOC B/14/CGT COKDOBHIIAMH H Õ/1araMH B Ie71oM, oOpa3 ApakoHa B pyccKolÍ
KYJIbType MOXKET HM€Tb H OTDHIHAT€/IbHBbI€ H HO/IOXHT€/IbHbI€ KYJIbTYPHbIeKOHHOTAHHH, B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT KOHT€KCTa Ho OTPHUHAT€JIbHbI€ KOHHOTALHHHÕO/IbII€, HOM I1O/102KHT€/IbHBI€, TAK Kak OO OOpase /IDAKOHA B MCHTAJIHTCTC DYCCKHX
JIKO/I€Ï( OỐBbIWHO H€/ICTAB/I4€TC4 cool 2K€CTOKO€ H 3/IO€ KpbllaToe 3KHBOTHOC€,HHOF7A MHOFOTO7IOBđ7 3MC2, HO?KHDAIOIH€TO MONCH H 7KHBOTHBIX.
C /DYVFTOI CTODOHBI, /IDAKOH ABIAeTCA OHHM H3 T/IABHBIX TOT€MOB BOBbCTHAMCKỌÍ KV/IbTYp€ B CO3HAHHH Bb€THaMIICB CHHTA€TC#, WTO APAaKOH MO)KCT
*KHTb H B BO/C, H Ha 3€MUIC, H B H€ỐC, IO2TOMY /IDAKOH ABMACTCA CHMBOJIOM
O/IHOBDEM€HHO B/IACTH H CHAbI DTO KOHTPACTHDY€T € KyIbTypoli €BpoIelicKHX
crpaH, B MACTHOCTH DYCCKỌ Kynbrypoit Bee COB€DHICHHBIC CHOCOỐHOCTH3â4KD€IUICHBI 3a /IPAKOHAMH B HD€/EU/UVHI“X JIHACTHSX BbCTHAMCKỌ HAHHH
/IPA4KOH Ob CHMBO/IOM AƠCO/IOTHOII B/IACTH KODO/I€ÌI JIpakou — o6pa3 BeTpa HJOKAA, AHHMH3M, 33HHMAIOHUIÏ NepBoe MeCTO CPC/H HCTBID€X AYXOB /IPAKOHA,
eMHopora, ebeaxH H denHKca [56, c.84].
B konHennHuH Bocroka đpAKOH Obi pOXKNGHBI Ha 3ape W€7IOBeu€CKOIÏ
HCTODHH IIDO/IVKTOM ỐOFATOFO BOOỐPAXK€HH4 /IO/€ÌÏ, abbr HO3HABATb H
HCCJIC/OBATb MHp J[pakoH — HO/IO2KHT€JIbHBIÏÍ H CO3H/IATC/IbHbIÍ CHMBON, CHIA
3XH3HH, CHMBON /IOỐPA, Y/IA4H H IDOHBCTAHHI, O3HA3IOIHHÌ CHMBO/IH3HDOBATbcamoe 6naroposHoe H JIVMIIE€ B *IC/IOB€*I€CKỌÍ ?KH3HI
B H€KOTODOM CMBICI€ /JDAKOHbI HO-ID€KH€MYV ABNAKOTCA CTHMV/IOMBooopaxkeHHA, KOTODBIÍ BC€/L4€T B ¡11O/1€Ìí /IYX H B21O0XHOBEHH€ Kak CHMBOIIHOỐPOFO Ố/IAFOPO/CTBA, BO3BbILUCHHA H HĐOHBCTAHH3, /IÐpAKOH ABNACTCABbIPAKCHHEM CIPeMJICHHA K KDACOT€ HCTHHBI-OỐPA-KpACOTEI
17
Trang 20Bo BbeTHaMe oốpa3 1paKoHa NpeAcTaBIANCA CO BpeMeH KOpO/IeÌi XVHT epe3
KDOKO/IH/IOIOIOỐHOC H€IHIVĂMATOC /UIHHHOC Teo, BBID€34HHOC Hà 2THX
COBDCMCHHBX H€/IMCTIAX B teyenne IICĐHO/IA CCB€PHOFO TOCHO/ICTBA,
IpO/IOZKaBiierocg 20 1000 net, Bb€THAMCKHÍ /IDAKOH sBHO HOSBIUICS HH
HIHACTHH Jin OOpa3 ‹Gl€eTaloIteFro /IpaKOHa» TXaHI JÏOHrA CHMBO/II3HDY€TBOCXO/IIIHHÍÍ YX HAHHH H ỐbUI HOM€HIEH WIA H€HTPA/IbHỌ{ CTO/HHHbI /[ÐaKOHbIAMHACTHH JÏH CHMBO/IH3HDOBA/IH M€WTEI 3KHT€/I€ÌÍ O BbIPAIIHBAHHH B/71A2KHOFO pHCA,HO3TOMYV BC€LI/IA CO3LABAIHCh B ACKOPALHAX BOAbI H KATfZIHHXCS OỐ21AKOB /JpaKoHa
HO-HDC2KHCMV CHHTAIOTCAS JIOAbMH OnaronpHATHbIMH rOAaMH {UIA COBCDHICHHA
BeJIHKHX 7/1€71 Cero/3, XOTA ITA KOHII€HHHS He Tak ray6oka, KaK PaHbule, HO He
HOT€J1HHA1 Jd BbheTHAMLUEB BCE, YTO CBAZAHO C ApakOHaMH, O4€Hb GaropoHO H
KDACHBO.
Bo BbcTHaMe, Tak ›K€ KaK H B LOxKHOii A3HH, ApakOH ABACTCA CHMBO/IOMỐ/1arOpO/ICTBA, Y/1A4H, TOPK€CTBA H CBATOCTH «BbeTHaMLbl HA3bIBAIOT ceba
HOTOMKaMH /paKoHoB (con rồng cháu tiên)» [43, c.1061] Bocrounpiii ðpaKon
CB5IIICHHPII H CHHTA€TC1, WTO OH HDHHOCHT CHACTb€ H Ouarononyune J\paxou OBUI
YaCThIO IIOBC€/UI€BHỌÍ H3HH TOAeH BO BheTHame H 3HAHHT€/IbHỌÍ HACTH A3HH,
BK/IOdas /ÏIIoHHIO H Kopen,
Mbt cõpa1n H TOAHA7IH3HĐOBA1IH 16 Bb€THAMCKHX HOC7IOBHII H MOrOBOpOK
C KOMIIOH€HTOM «jIpaKOH»:
1 «Rong mây gặp hội» (O6ïiaqnmlïi Apakon B€TbewaeT THIIB/JTHIO)
Tosopa O CHACTJIIHBỌI BO3MO3KHOCTH BCTDCTHTb Ố/IAFOIPHATHOC Bpems, HTOỐBIHOMOYb JI1O/UIM JD€A/IH3OBATb CBOH HâMCD€HHS HH 2K€IAHHI B HĐOHLIOM 27aHOCIOBHUA ACTO HCIHO/Ib30BAJ1ACb /U14 ÕO3HAW€HHZ TOPO, YTO CTY/I€HT /1072K€HOBL CHaTb 2K3aAM€H,
2 “Long vân khánh hoi” (JloHr Ban npa3zanyer decruBanb)
18
Trang 21(ĐeCTHBA7IE DOTAHTA Apakoua, (}€CTHBA71E O6Naka BCTpewH /1paKoHa Oốbi4Ho Bcero
3 C/IYA1: CTY/ICHT CAaeT 9K3aMeH; Koponb HDHIHI€JI KO MH€ H€%HHtli; Kopo/IeBcKasKapbepa.
3 “Như cá gặp nước
Như rồng gặp mây”
(Kak pbiÕa BCTp€daeT BOY
Kak 1paKOH B€TpewaeT oố/1aKo)
Tospopa © CHACTIIHBBIX BO3MO2KHOCISX H Ố/IAFOIPHSTHBIX BD€M€HAX, HOMOFTaA4
JIO/UIM HOIHOCTBIO DACKDBITb CBỌ HOTCHHHAI /UIS OCYHICCTBIICHHS CBOHX
%€7IaHHÌI.
4 «Rong đến nhà tơm» (JÏÐaKOH HDHXO/LHT B LOM KDEBE€TOK)
BoraTbIe HAYT B JOM Ố€/HHIX H CMHD€HHHIX 370 yacTo LUYTKa, KOra KO MH€ 70MOlÍHpHXO/IHT /1ABHHff Apyr.
5 «Vân tong long, phong tong ho.
Mây theo rồng, giĩ theo hồ»
(Ban 10/1HHSCTCS Apakony, BeTep MOAMMHAeTCA THYPY.
O6naka C/I6/TVIOT 34 ApPaKkoHaMH, BeTep 3a THTpaMH)
ITO 3HAYHT, YTO BO3MO?KHOCTH IIDHXO/UIT K FEPOAM, FEPOHYECKHM JIHKOJLAM C BO.I€ÌÍ
6 «Long hành, hồ bộ» (JlpaKonnii 1K, THTpOBbIli ceT)
HH Kak IpAKOH, HOH Kak THrp DTO OỐ03HA4A€T /IONCÌ, KOTODBIC HMCIOT
MOBCICHHE KOposA.
7 «Rong den lay nước thi mwa
Rong trăng lay nước thì vua di cày»
(depHniïÍ ApaKOH IO/TVWA€T BOY, H H/I€T MOKAb
19
Trang 22Korga Genbili ApakoOH IpHHOCHT BOY, KOpONb H/I€T Maxatb.)
B oroli mocnoBHuc, TakKxKe HADO/HỌÍ MeCHe, pacCKa3bIBaCTCA O ABYX ABJICHHAX IOTO/Ibl: YCPHbI /IDAKOH YKa3bIBacT Ha TO, WTO MPHAYT TCMHBbIC TYYH, HỌ/I€T7103%K/Ib, Ơ€/IbIÏÍ /IDAKOH — ITO TODHAđ/1O, ABIEHHe BUXpeBOrO raza, KOTOPOe MOXKeTOIIDOKHHYTb JOM, ABeCpH, TepeBbA, 3aKkaTbIBaHHe B€LI€Ìí ITO H€OƠbI4HOC ABICHHE,
IOT0/IHa4 KaTacTrpoda
Oốpa3bI 1paKOHA B /IHT€DATVD€ H HCKYCCTBG:
8 «Rong bay phượng múa» (Jleratinfli 1paKoH, Tanuyrouuit (beHuKc)
TaJ1A11T7IHBBI€ JIO/1H HM€IOT JTHƠCPAJIBHYVIO H H€OTDAHHUCHHVIO Manepy IIHCEMA.
9 «Tré rong, chạm phượng» (PessÕa no npaKoHaM, pe3bÕa no $)€HHKcaM)
TlomuMo 6yKBaJIbHOrO BBID€34HHZ /IDAKOHOB, (Ù€HHKCbI TAK2K€ IIOKđ3bIBAIOT, KâKCO3/13B8ATb H YKpalaTb FTDOMO3/IKH€ CIIOC06BI
10 «Rong chau mặt nguyệt» (JJpakon, oốo»xatotHHli 1YHY)
11 «1 ỡng long chau nguyệt» (Jsa npaKona oốo»xatorntie TyHY)
WÍ3oÕpa+€HH4 7BVX DAKOHOB CIIDABđ H CJICBA, OỐPAIHCHHBIX K JIYHC, B CKYJIbIITypax
B OỐIIIHHHbIX /IOMAX, IIA4T7O/13X H Xpamax
12 «ơng vàng tam nước ao tà, người khơn ở với người ngu Đực minh»
(3onoToH ApPaKOH KyNaeTcA B BOC HDY/HA, MYApPbie OCTAIOTC2 € AypakaMH, HX 3TO3/IHT)
T0 3KA/IÕa 3K€HBI, BbIIIG/IIIICÌI 3AMY2K 3a HAHOTA
13 «An như rồng cuộn, làm như cà cuống lội nước»
(Ems, kak Apakon, ÕYVJIKH, /I€ÌÏÍCTBVÍI, Kak ỐO/IOTHA4 JIOH1A/1B)
KpHTHKY4 7I1O/I€Ïf, KOTOpbie CAAT MHOTO, HO DÀOTAIOT ACHHBO
14 «An như rồng cuốn» (Ew Kak KaT#ILHliC4 upakou)
20
Trang 23IoBop4 O SIROJAX, KOTOPBI€ MHOFTO CAT.
15 «Nói nhw rồng leo» ([oBopH, KaK B3ỐHpatoUiicd 1paKoH)
To:nsKo 4HO/1H C€CCB53HbI€, 6O:TT2I1BHIC, LOBODIT TO2IbKO ITPOMKO H
IDO/1O/77KHT€JIbHO, MHOTO TOBOD4T.
16, «Pau rong đuôi tôm» (Tonopa ;IDAKOHA H XBOCT KpeBeTKH)
ITO HAW4710Cb Kak Õ0/IbIIO€ 716710, HO HE 34KOHWHJIOCb XOPOIHO
BH71HMO, T0 CHMBON JPaKOHâ B 71AHHBIX HIPHMCDAX HMC€T Hệ T07165KO
HO21O2KHT€JIbHBI€ HO H OTPHUATCIIbDHbIC KYJIbTYPHbIC KOHHOTALHHH H MO2KHO
CKa3aTb, /ÐAKOH BO Bb€THaMCKOÍÍ KyJIbType Hecer OoOMbUIC IIO3HTHBHBIG
KYJIBTYPHbIC KOHHOTAH,HH.
21
Trang 24Tabsauua 1, Cpasnenua dpaxonoe 60 Boemname ue Poccuu
Bo BbcrHawe B PoccHHBHeutHHl | jÏpaKOH — CyIHI€CTBA jlpaKoH — CyIIecTBa
APakOHa BBIT#HVTO€ T€/IO, KaK V | OIHCbIBA€TC1 KâK 3XHBOTHO€
3M€H, ï0/I0BA, O/I€HbH pora, Õ0/IbIHỌf CH/Ibl, OỐbI4HO €OCTPA4 pbiGba “cya NO BCeMy | TpemMa FO7IOBAMH QNHaKOTelly, CO“eTAHHe THIPHHBIX Jia | (OpMa OTMHMYAETCA OT
H COKOJHHBIX KOTT€ÏÍ, HỆT BOCTOWHOTO Apakona OH
KPbLIbeB H OH MOKET JI€TaTb OIIHCbIBA€TC1 KâK IOXOZKHIÍÍ Ha
JJpaKOHbI Moryt Õpbi3TATb ZIIIEDHIIY, C TOICTOH H TB€P/IOlÍ
BO/IOII KO?K€lí Y HHX €CTb KPbLIbA,
HOXOXKHE Ha 11A/1AI0H1H€, HO
Ố0/IbIIH€ H CHJIbHbIC, H OHH
MOTYT JI€TKO JICTâTb OHH
H3BCDTAIOT OFOHE.
Pyecxutt opaxon
Boemnamckuul Opaxou (Hcemounux: Humepuem)
(Hcemounux: Humepnem)
Kynprypxoe | B nyXoBHoÌI KVJIbTYD€ ja pycckoli KY/IBTYPHI
3HAa4CHIC BbeTHaMaA /IDAKOH BCCT/1A ÕbUI | CHMBOJINKa TDAKOHA
KPpaCHBBLIM KYJIBTYPHBbIM TIPHHHMaeT COBC€M HHYIO
CHMBOJIOM, CHMBOJIOM BOJIbI H KDAÌÍHOCTb /lpaKoHhl B
22
Trang 253KH3HH OH IID€/ICTAB/II€T TO,
4TO ABIACTCA CAMbIM
Õ/IATOpO/IHBIM H HaHƠO/1€€
JIOCTỌÍHBbIM IIOK/IOH€HH4.
JÏpaKOH CHMBONH3Hpycr HAp4,
Sora Dro CHMBO/I 71ÕJbIX
ID€/I3HAaMCHOBAHHIÏÍ, 3411HTBI,
KOTODY1O /IADYIOT JI10/11M
Õ03X€CTB€HHbI€ CHIBI ITO
B€/1YHI€€ ?KHBOTHO€ CD€/U1
YeTbIPeX AYXOB BOCTOUHOHK
KYJIBTYpbI: /IPAKOHA,
©/MHHOPOFA, 4epenaxh H
(beHHkca Tloxromy ApakoHbl
HM€IOT ÕO/IBHIO€ COMMAIBHOe
CYII€CTBOBAHH€ C HX CHJIOH
Bcerga 6bI0 HAaB834HBOlÍH7I€cïí Wiad WoC OgHaKo BÕO/1bIIHHCTB€ 3A114/HbIX MH(}OB
OHH HC€CHACTHO YMHpaloT OT
DYK pbitlapeit Tem He Menee,
OHH BC€ ellle HM€IOT XOPOIIHÌÍ
CMbIC/I HaIpHMCP, OHH
co6Ø0ọí XY/IIIIC€ H ABIACTCA
CHO, KOTOIDVIO JOH BC€T/IaHCHABH AAT, GoaTca H BC€T/71A
PAKOHBI /10/12KHbI ỐbITb
YHHWTO?K€HbI, UTOOBI
o6ecneyHTb MHDHYV1O H
CHACT/IHBVIO ?KH3Hb.
Trang 26Tem He MCHCC, H€3ABHCHMO OT TOFO, BO Bb€THAMC HH B POCCHH, ApaKOH
CBA3aH C DCJIHTHO3HbIMH BCDOBAHHSäMH Bb€THaMCKHÍÍ ApaKOH — /IDY2K€ZoƠðHPIf
3B€Db, KOTODBIÏí Õ/14/1A€T MaTHWE€CKOIÍ CHION H MO2K€T NOAHATECA Ha HeƠeca, rye3XHBYT Gorn KOF71A ÕY/UIHCTBI H 71AOCbI 34B€DLIIAIOT CBOE CaMOCOBCDIICHCTBOBAHHC,OHH B3/I€TaIOT B Hẽo, 0c€/11aB 1paKoHa B T0 *Ke BpeMA DYCCKHÌÍ ApakoH — 2TOBOIIIOII€HH€ CaTaHbl, KOTODBIÌÏ COỐ/1A3H2Z€T /I!ON€ÏÍ COB€pLIATb HID€CTYHJI€HH4,
6oporsca c BoroM, Bead HX B aw Kpome 2TOFO, Bb€THAMCKHÍI ApaKOH IO-IPCKHCMVHMCCT HCFATHBHOC 3HAUCHHC, BBIDA?KCHHOC HCD€3 ABC VNOMAHYTHIC BBHHC MHHOMBI.
jÏpaKoH — oco6aa (ÙHrYpa Kak B BOCTOMHOIÏÍ, TaK H B 34I14/HỌÍ KY/IBTVDAX
O NHA CTODOHA — BepuInHa KDACOTbi H CAâKD4/IbHOTO, JIDYTA8 — Õ€3/1H4 3/14 H 3/14, HOBCCX HX OOLCAHHACT OHO: ApakOHbI — 3TO OOBCKTHI AVIA BbIPAKCHHA JIKOAbMH
CBO€FO CTPCMJICHHA K *KH3HH, MHDY, CHaCTbHO.
24
Trang 272 Exnnopor
B 0T11HWH€ OT KOPOJICBCKOFO JIPAKOHA, €JHHODOF, JIH BO BbCTHAMCKOM A3bIKC
— NONYAAPHOe KHBOTHO, HCHO/Ib3Y€MOC Kak B (ÙO7IbK/IOpC, TâK H B KODO/ICBCKOÌf
KY/IbTVD€ Ou #B/IS€TCW O/LHHM H3 H€TBID€X Tả/HICMAđHOB, 3A4HHMAIOHUIX BTOpoOe
MCCTO IIO a3HaTCKHM HADO/IHbIM BCPOBaHHAM, HAạpDHMCP, BO BbeTHaMe, /Ï1OHHH,
Kurae, Kopee
[1HHopor — OHO H3 ?KHBOTHBHIX, KOTOPBIC OHCHbB HACTO VHOMHHA€GTCA1 B
HO33HH, HApO/MIBIX H€CH3X H HOC7IOBHHAX H HI€p€71A€TCZ 7HG/IbBMH H3 MOKOJICHHA B
HOKOJICHHC, /112KXC CCH OHH CHỊC He BH¿ICIH cro B D€a7IbHolÍ 3KH3HH Y 3TOTO
AUBOTHOTO MHOTO 34T74/1ĨK, KOTOPbIM MHP CHIC He Halles] ïDABH2ISHOTO oObACHeHHA,
HO JHOJIH BC€ €IH€ BepAT, HNTO Cro BHEMINHH BH/T peamen.
O6pa3 €HHHOpOTA ÕY/I€T pa3HbIM B pa3HbIX KY/IBTVDAX, H NOHATHO, HTO
OIID€/I€II€HHO€ 3KHBOTHO€ B BOCTOYHOH KYIbType OT/IHHA€TC# OT 3âlA/HOÍ
KY.IbTYpbi MẴ€3K/JIV 3THMH /IBYM4 KY/IbTVDAMH OỐIHI€€ TO/IbKO TO, NTO €HHOpOEHMC€T (}ÌODMY, IOXO2XVIO Ha 7IOHIA/1b, IOCP€/H JIỐa HOSBI14€TCä por
Ha Pycu equnopora H30Õpa3KaẴ€T B BH/1€ Õ€2IỌÍ NoMa, € OCTPBIM DOTOMIIOCCD€/IHHC 16a H T€JIOM C KDbUIbØMH, KaK BaTa B <IHUNKIONC AHA C7IABSHCKỌI
KY2IbTYpbi» KOHOH€HKO, rue roBopHTrex B Konue XIV-Hayane XVII Bp ÕbI21H
VH€HbI€, H3VWABIIH€ CHMBOJIHKY €/IHHODOTOB B KybType, P.A Cumonos, O.B
Benosa, ['.B BHnnHốaxog, À.JI XopoHikebBuu, H.A Mep3arotruna H Ap Y HHX
ỐbIIO MHOTO pA3HBIX HiITepiIiperatnfí oốpa3a €HHopo0Fa4.
25
Trang 28(ucmounux: unkmeprem)
Ileppad IHHTBOKYISTYDHA KOHHOTAI11 CAHHOpOra BCT€HA€TC B DYyCCKOlÍ
HCA/ITBIDH 1397 r0/1A H B MHHHATIOPAX /IYXOBHbIX KHHT, a Ha MOH€TAX H I€HAT4X
€JIHHOPOFTA HPO/O/DKđ/1H H3OỐPA3KATb H B ỐO/I€€ HO3/H€€ Bpema OOpa3 exuHOporaCB5138H C H€JIOMV/IDH€M H /ICBCTBCHHOCTbIO /[eBbi MapHH B paØoTax XDHCTHAHCKHX
nucateneit 2TO MHÙHU€CKOC 3KHBOTHOC CHMBO/IH3HDY€T Ố/IA4FOBCIICHH4 /IYXa
Xpucta.
Cpe/ineBeKOBble€ Ơ€C€THAapHH uMuyT: {Í OcHOjAIb Hawt Hucye Xpucroc,
€/IHHODOT /IYXOBHBIII, CHH30HI€7I B yTpoby JleBbm - TO €CTb B /IAHHOM KOHT€KCT€
€/HHOpOT — 310 CB4Tọi Lyx
Bropaa, HO 40 CHX Mop HÈY3HAHHO€, 3HA4€HH€ /1HAKO 9TO 3HA4€HH€ NO CHX
nop HID€OỐ/1A/18GT H IDH3HA€TCE MHOTHMH JIO/BMH EHHOpOT #B/14€TC CHMBOJIOM
KODO/ICBCKOI B/IACTH, CHUIBI HH MOFYHICCTBA Hapsty CO MHOIHMH /IDYTHMHHO/IO?KHT€/IbHbIMH KAH€CTBAMH KAq€CTB Kpome 2TOFO, CHMBOJI €/IHHOpOIA B
HA3BAHHH H€C€T TakKxKe TOTEMHYH CHJIY H HOKDOBHT€/IbCTBO €C/JIH 2TOT CHMBOII
HCIIOJIb3ÿ€TC4 B HO/Ib3Y pycckoro rocyyapcerBa HaHpHMep: «EHHOpOTH» —H300peTeHHe B cepenie XVIII Beka pyCCKHM apTH211€pHCToM C.Á.MapTbIHOBBIM
H IOCTAB2I€HHbIX Ha BOOpyxeHHe lllyBaloBbiM B 1759 rony pyccKâ1 apMH4HCHOJIb30B4/1A3 ITH ODY/1H3 71/11 IOXO/1A Ha BOHHY H HOƠ€/LbI HO/L KyHepc;iopdbo a
26