Comparion of vietnamese and english and some common problems in your own circumstances 0

TAY DO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES TRUONG DAI HOC TAY DO TAY DO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH PROPOSAL COMPARION OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH AND SOME COMMON PROBLEMS IN YOUR OWN CI

TAY DO UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

TRUONG DAI HOC TAY DO

TAY DO UNIVERSITY

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

COMPARION OF VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH AND SOME

COMMON PROBLEMS IN YOUR OWN CIRCUMSTANCES

COMMENTS

LH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OIF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION INTO ENGLISH

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1.6

CHAPTER 2: AN INTRUCTION INTO VIETNAMESE

LANGUAGE 4

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3.6 Word

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4.3 Word stress and

CHAPTER 1:

AN INTRODUCTION INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE 1.1 The English Languages

Everyone knows that English is a popular language globally The

grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of America native

speaker of English are not identical to the grammar, vocabulary

and pronunciation Even in England itself there are varieties of

English spoken that are incomprehensible to both sides

Currently, the number of people who know how to speak

English as a foreign language has outnumbered the number of

native English speakers English is the co-official language of

the United Nations, the European Union, and many

international and regional organizations In addition, it is also

the most widely spoken Germanic language, with speakers

accounting for at least 70% of all speakers of the Indo-

European languages

1.3 Alphabet:

Modern English alphabet (English: English Alphabet) is a Latin

alphabet with 26 letters According to the Oxford dictionary,

Alphabet means "alphabet" The alphabet is a set of

standardization of basic writing symbols or grapheme (called

letters) representing the phonemes of some spoken languages

Not all writing systems show the language in this way; For

example, in a syllable, each character represents a syllable

and logical systems using characters to represent words,

spheres or other semantic units

1.4 Phonology:

English has about 20 vowel sounds (12 pure vowels / 8

dipthongs) and about 24 cosonant sounds Speakers of

language which have fewer vowel sounds often have difficulty

making a distintion between words like thin/think, sad/dad,

meat/meet The same applies to the consonants clusters in

many English words: strength; splash, chronicle.The

pronunciation of the English words such as if, everything,

different, rich inevitably causes problems for learners who do

not need to use the tip of the tongue to produce words in their

own language So for some people, English is something that

makes people stressed every time the think about it This

accounts for the heavy English accents that many native

speakers of those languages retain even after years of speaking

English and the acquisition of flawless grammar

1.5 Grammar - verb/tense:

All learners, whatever their level, have questions and doubts

about grammar as they're learning English There is also a

grammar reference which helps to explain the verb tenses and

grammar rules in a clear and simple way For example, there

are only 4 forms of the regular verb to clean:clean, cleans,

cleaned, cleaning On the other hand, English does have large

number of possible tenses ( verb froms) and their designations

are not always helpful to the future The past simple tense, for

example, can be used to talk about the future: He had a feeling

that something would go wrong this time Many languages do

not have a continuous tense form, so English learnes may make

mistakes such as: I fell asleep when the TV was not turned off

In fact, the most significant problem for learners is to decide

which tense (verb form) is require in English to correctly express

the meaning that they wish to covey A further feature of verb

grammar that causes difficulties is the correct choice of modal

Modal verbs are heavily used in English to convey shades of

meaning in the areas of compulsion, permission, hypothesis etc

For example, learners have problems understanding the

difference between: she have clan hands and she must have

clean hands

1.6 Vocabulary:

English has the lagest vocabulary of any language English

shares cognates with most other languages, but a sihnficant

number of these are ‘false friend’ For example, the German/

English words garten/ garden, kinder/children, eis/ice,

angst/fear are indentical meaning and virtually ao in

pronouciation

A significant featutre of English vocabulary that can cause

difficulties for learners are DNarasal verds Sentences such as

she tore up the letter after she read it, or their car broke down

two miles out of town, are usually impenetrable to non-native

speakers Unfortunately, pharal verbs are extremely common in

colloquial language, where they are inevitably preferred to their

equivalents whose source is Latin or Greek ( think= consider/

clean up= tiny up)

CHAPTER 2:

AN INTRODUCTION INTO VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE 2.1 The Vietnamese language

Currently, Vietnamese ranks 12" in the world in terms of the

number of speakers and is growing world wide Vietnamese has

very acient origins and has undergone a long and vibrant

development process That vitality represents the strong and

crearive national spirit of the Vietnamese people on their heroic

struggle for the country’s future, in their persistent striving to

build and develop a national language and nation Vietnamese

literature and national studies

For over 1,000 years Vietnam was occupied by the Chinese and

this had

huge influence on the language For a start, Vietnamese was

first written using subset of Chinese characters During this time

also many Chinese words crept into Vietnamese and this means

that approximately 30-50% of Vietnamnese vocabulary is

derived from Chinese

2.2 Alphabet:

The alphabet is defined as a set of symbols, each symbol

usually representing a phoneme in a spoken language Similarly,

the Vietnamese alphabet is a set of symbols based on Latin

letters; used to create meaningful words and record Vietnamese

pronunciation in written form Appeared between 1618 and

1625 by Alexandre de Rhodes - a French linguist and many

others with the purpose of evangelizing Vietnam Through many

revisions and improvements, in the 19th century, Quoc Ngu

became more and more popular and became the official writing

of Vietnam until today

By the time of the French occupation (1862-1945) the alphabet

was settled with 29 letters in:

You'll notice there's no F J, W, or Z and sometimes pronunciaton

very different so that one letter may represent several different

sounds

in addition you'll see some letters with tone marks on them to

show the6 different tones in Vietnamese (mnore on this later)

While the French were in Vietnan they also introduced new

vocabulary as well though obviously not as much as the Chinese

who had come before them After the French it was the turn of

the Americans who brought withthem new English vocabulary

for more modern terms More recently still the influence of the

West has been through mass media and the internet with new

words being introduced into Vietnamese from English

2.3 Summary of influences

So, here’s how the history of Vietnamese will affect your

teaching:

Vietnamese is the language of the Vietnamese people — the

people in the vast majority of 54 ethnic groups in the country of

Vietnam It is the language of the entire people, officially used

in the fields of administration, diplomacy, education, and

general use in communication

The national language has become popular, receiving positive

influence from Western language and culture Vietnamese

beginner students will often have a basic set of English words

which they already know even if they are pronounced

Pronunciation is an important issue when learning Vietnamese

because if you speak incorrectly, Vietnamese people can

understand what you want to say, but if you say a word wrongly,

Vietnamese people cannot understand

The reasons are fairly straightforward:

- Pronounciation error I/n: This is considered one of the quite

common pronunciation errors in some Northern provinces

and cities Many people do not know which is | and which is n,

so this confusion in vocabulary causes pronunciation or

spelling to be incorrect

- Pronouciation error x/s: It is similar to the I/n pronunciation

error, but due to its regional nature, some people cannot

distinguish when to use s and when to use x For example,

"sau sac" is often mispronounced as "xau sdc" or "sau xac"

- Pronunciation errors due to local language But because our

country has many dialects and dialects, there are many

differences in word usage and pronunciation between regions

created from Northern - Central - Southern accents For

example, the word "sao vay trdi " but read by a southerner's

voice will be "zi z4y choi" but in the dictionary there will

be no way to write or read this

Since it's called an "error", it will certainly affect the person who

made the mistake And the speaker's pronunciation errors are no

exception

In studying and working: Mispronunciation will also lead to

incorrect writing, misreading, and incorrect spelling This will

directly affect learning outcomes, as well as the communication of

opinions at work will also be affected

In communication: When the speaker pronounces incorrectly, it is

easy to convey the wrong idea to the listener The listener will not

even understand the speaker's ideas and words, which can easily

affect communication

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That's why correct pronunciation is extremely important in life

Therefore, right from the beginning of learning Vietnamese,

everyone should practice correct pronunciation, as well as practice

regularly to help the learning, working and communication process

go more smoothly

2.5 Six tones:

Vietnamese is one of the most tonal languages in the world with 6

tones, while some other languages only have 3 or 4 tones

Therefore, tones have also contributed to helping Vietnamese

become richer and more beautiful

Rising Dau sac bé Baby

And English has no tones, this means Vietnamese students often

have problems with intonation in sentences (for example, at the

end of questions)

short vowels in Vietnamese This means students will pronounce:

peach like pee

Sea like see

2.6 Grammatical Issues:

Vietnameses grammar is very diffenrent from English grammmar

This section covers a few major a few major areas you’re likely to

encounter teaching Vietnamese native speakers

2.7 Verbs:

Verbs are words that indicate actions or states of people or

things Examples of action verbs: run, jump, swim, state verbs:

exist, happy, sad

Based on the nature of the verb, verbs are divided into action

verbs and state verbs

Action verbs: choi, nhay, chay,

=> Action verbs are used to refer to the activities of things and

phenomena to increase their evocative power and make things

more familiar

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=> State verbs are used to reproduce and name the emotional,

thinking, and existential states of people, things, and phenomena

Action verbs can be combined with the word "xong" like "an

xong", "lam xong", As for status verbs, they cannot be combined

with the word done, we will not say " hạnh phúc", "bu ôn", "lo

lang"

State verbs are also divided into many types, specifically:

Verbs indicating a state of existence: remaining, ending, having,

etc

For example: Are you still there?

Verbs indicating a state of transformation or change: become,

transform, become

For example: The tree suddenly became lush

Verbs indicating the state of reception: to be, to be, to have to, to

endure, etc

For example: He was beaten up

Verbs indicating comparative states: equal, inferior, more than,

are, etc

For example: He is as tall as me, you lost, he is taller than me,

etc

Based on their role in the sentence, verbs are divided into

"intransitive verbs" and "transitive verbs" Intransitive verbs are

verbs that indicate the action of an object, usually without

affecting any other object Transitive verbs are verbs that indicate

the effect of the subject on a specific object

Another area of difficulty when it comes to verbs f making and

using the pasive voice which, in Vietnamese, is made and used

very difrently

2.8 Word oder:

Word order in Vietnamese is the way words are arranged ina

Vietnamese sentence to create meaning and convey the right

message This is a basic grammar rule in Vietnamese and plays an

important role in understanding and using this language

Word order in Vietnamese is important because it affects the

meaning and understanding of the sentence Correct word order

will help the listener or reader understand the message accurately

and easily In addition, using the wrong word order can change the

meaning of a sentence or create confusion for the listener or

reader Therefore, to communicate and write Vietnamese

correctly, understanding and using the correct word order is very

important

Example: / am in middle school.rCORRECT

In middle school | am.cINCORRECT 12.9 Articles

In Vietnamese there's no difference between the definite and

indefinite article so you'll hear students confusing them:

Would you like a coffee ? i drik it everyday

Have you heard see the new song of Bille? It will be released in a

few

2.10 Missing pronous, possessive, and plural

Pronouns and possessives are not generally used in Vietnamese

Plurals are optional in Vietnamese but - as you know - obligatory in

English

The subject Someone is singular (some — one, right?), so the

possessive pronoun connected to it has to agree in number We

can’t use their (from Number 2) because it is plural Our only

choices for singular possessive pronoun are his, her or its The

problem is Someone is also of unspecified gender, so we don’t

know which one to use Its might seem like a good compromise,

but the pronoun it is only used for an inanimate object, or maybe

an animal like a snake or politician, and it is considered impolite

and insulting to refer to any person as it That seems dumb to me,

basing a language rule on social etiquette alone

By the same token, we can’t use her, because we can’t be sure

Someone is female, and it is considered insulting to refer to a male

with female terms Back in the 20th Century, I was instructed to

use his in these situations He, him and his were understood to

include the possibility of the unknown subject being female

2.11.Writing

Students write application to the training department to “ bd

xung” courses and gradute “ trudt ’the deadline Some people

even started with * kính dâng lên phong tao” In addition to

spelling mistakes, lecturers also complained that some students

exams “didn’t understand anything after reading them” Wrong

writing in Vietnamese is also influces by the habits and customs of

each region Therefore, even in the homeland of Vietnamese,

speaking and writing incorrectly in the mother tongue still happens

every day

CHAPTER 3: CROSS- LINGUISTIC COMPARISON OF

VIETNAMESE AND ENGLISH

It will be a challenge when we start learning a language different

from our mother tongue We often encounter difficulties such as

getting used to the usage, speaking style, and tone of our mother

tongue, so learning foreign languages is difficult Language will

become difficult This section is to talk about differences between

English and Vietnamese languages

Sociologists have documented a pattern of shifts in the relative

linguistic dominance from the English language (L1) to the

Vietnamese language (L2) of immigrants that occurs within three

generations since arriving in the United States (Fishman, 1972:

Veltman, 1983) It has been found that descendants of immigrants

tend to switch to learning English monolingual and may not speak

the language of the grandparents This the three-generation

pattern of language shift was noted among European immigrants

of the 19th and early 20th centuries, and continues to occur

among contemporary immigrants populations from Latin America

and Asia (Alba, Logan, Lutz, & Stults, 2002)

This multilingual analysis can help educators working with

Vietnamese Americans better understand their students' language

skills and error patterns Both languages have many different

dialects with distinct linguistic features Since this article focuses

on Vietnamese Americans, cross-linguistic comparisons are made

between the common American English dialect and the

predominantly Northern dialect of Vietnamese with some features

of the Vietnamese dialect southern Previous studies on

Vietnamese American language maintenance as well as the social

ramifications of Ll use and non-use are presented Studies

highlight the importance of maintaining LI while learning an L2 to

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promote strong social identity and overall well-being

Part two presents a cross-linguistic comparison of Vietnamese and

English at the linguistic levels of phonology (sounds), lexical

semantics (word meanings) and morphological syntax (grammar)

This cross-linguistic comparison provides the foundation for part

three, which recognizes the potential two-way linguistic

interactions between Vietnamese and English within individual

speakers There is little or no research on the linguistic

characteristics of Vietnamese-English speakers These predictions

about cross-linguistic interactions between speakers are intended

to provide a framework for future empirical studies in the areas of

language acquisition and bilingual development of language

maintenance, which are operationally defined as L1 preservation

bilingual Vietnamese — English

- Criterion 3: According to purity

According to this criterion, we distinguish:

* Voiced consonants, for example: [b], [d], [g]

* Voiceless consonants, for example: [p], [t1, [k]

b) Points to note when comparing consonants:

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- Aspirated consonants: There are languages that have aspirated

consonants, but they do languages do not have these consonants

On the other hand, the characteristics of the Aspirated consonants

can also vary between languages.For example: Vietnamese has an

aspirated consonant [t]

- The distribution of consonants is related to larger units, that is

syllables Therefore, before changing the projection on the

distribution of consonants in two languages, it is necessary to

contrast their syllabic structures The description of syllable

structure needs to indicate the initial consonant systemand final

consonants of syllables in the language For example: In the

language Vietnamese, there are consonants that appear in the

initial consonant system but does not appear in the system of final

consonants, such as: /s/; /z/; /f, or vice versa, like /p/

- The distribution position of internal consonants often leads to

changes phonetics due to the phenomenon of winterization or

phonetic adaptation of the yin to The phenomenon of phonetic

assimilation or adaptation may not be possible similarities in

languages may therefore be the cause making mistakes when

learning a foreign language For example: The phenomenon of

voicelessness Voiced consonants come at the end of a word or

after a voiceless consonant in Russian or Polish, or the

phenomenon of lipification of consonants at the end of Vietnamese

syllables like ‘hoc’, ‘chung’, ‘6ng’ is very easily offended by people

learn to express yourself incorrectly

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