Outcomes elementary vocabulary builder

| this would be a good place to build a hospital | Greece is a nice place for a holiday quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ Adjective if a place is quiet, there are not many people there and not much is ha

1 People and places

Pages 8–9

Africa /ˈæfrɪkə/ Noun

Africa is the second-largest continent in the world and is south of Europe

Africa is known for its diverse wildlife and cultures | my mum was born in Ghana in Africa |

Africa has many different languages and traditions

capital ˈkæpɪt(ə)l/ Noun

the capital or capital city of a country is the most important city, where the government is

I’m from Mexico City, the capital | Tokyo is the capital of Japan | lots of people think New York is

the capital of the USA, but it isn’t | what’s the capital of Australia?

city ˈsɪti/ Noun

a city is a big town where a lot of people live and work

the city is in the east of the country | I didn’t like living in a city | London is the biggest city in

England | Paris is a very old city | St Petersburg is a beautiful city | Beijing is the capital city of

China (it is the most important city, where the government is) | the city centre (where there are

a lot of shops and businesses)

clean /kliːn/ Adjective

when something or someone is clean, it is not dirty

I love breathing the clean air in the mountains | please keep your room clean and tidy

Opposite – Adjective: dirty

I fell over in the mud and my clothes got really dirty!

coast /kəʊst/ Noun

the coast is the land next to the sea

I love walking along the coast and listening to the waves | many people like to spend their

holidays on the coast | we had a picnic on the coast and watched the sunset

country /ˈkʌntri/ Noun

a country is an area of land that has its own government, like France, China, or Brazil

Russia is the biggest country in the world | there are students from 23 countries at my

university | which part of the country are you from? | we live in the north of the country

countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/ Noun singular

countryside is land that is not in a city or town and where there are not many buildings

Collocates: open countryside | unspoilt countryside | in the countryside

some beautiful open countryside (countryside where you can see things like rivers and trees

and not buildings or roads) | we sat on the train watching the countryside go by | I prefer living

in the countryside | the countryside around Amberley is beautiful | we went for a walk through

some lovely unspoilt countryside (countryside that has not been damaged by roads or buildings)

east /iːst/ Noun uncount

the east is the direction where the sun appears in the morning

the city is in the east of the country | Norwich is in the east of England

Adjective: east | Adverb: east

exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ Adverb

precisely or just

where exactly did you find your lost phone? | she knew exactly what to say to make him smile |

can you tell me exactly how much it costs?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations far /fɑː/ Adjective

when something is far, it is at a great distance

it’s not far from my house to the train station | the beach is too far to walk; we should drive

Opposite – Adjective: near

the supermarket is near my sister’s house

flight /flaɪt/ Noun

a flight is a journey made by flying, usually in a plane

she was tired after her flight from New York | my flight was delayed due to bad weather

grandmother /ˈɡrænmʌðər/ Noun

your grandmother is the mother of your father or mother Children often use the word

grandma The formal word is grandmother The father of your father or mother is your

granddad or grandfather

my grandmother is over 60 | grandma, can I sit on your shoulders? | grandma’s working in the

garden | my grandmother and grandfather are coming to visit next week

hot /hɒt/ Adjective

if something is hot, the temperature is very high, for example because the sun is very strong or

because you have a heater on

it gets very hot in Milan in August | it’s really hot in here | I can’t have a bath because there isn’t

any hot water | I need a hot drink | it was very hot out in the sun | don’t touch the plate – it’s

very hot

Noun: heat || Opposite – Adjective: cold

island /ˈaɪlənd/ Noun

an island is a piece of land surrounded by water

we took a boat to a small island for the day | the island had beautiful sandy beaches | some

islands are so small, only a few people live there

know /nəʊ/ Verb

if you know something, a fact or some information is in your head

do you know when the film starts? | nobody knows where they went | I know how to make

bread | do you know who is the president of France? | does anyone know the way to the

restaurant?

live /lɪv/ Verb

the place where you live is the town or country where your home is and where you spend most

of your time

where do you live? | I lived in Madrid for two years | my parents still live in Manchester | she lives

on her own | do you live in a house or a flat? | he lives close to the university

married /ˈmærid/ Adjective

if you are married, you have a husband or wife You made a legal declaration of your marriage

Collocate: get married

Juan got married to Sam last year | they are happily married with two children | my sister is

getting married next summer

Verb: marry

will you marry me?

mountain /ˈmaʊntɪn/ Noun

a mountain is a very high hill

the hotel had a great view of the mountains | he likes climbing mountains | we have a family

house in the mountains | the top of the mountain | we got a long way up the mountain |

Everest is the highest mountain in the world

name /neɪm/ Noun

your name is the word people use when they talk about you

Collocate: first name

what’s your name? | my name is Fernando | have you chosen a name for the new baby yet? |

her name is Margaret, but everyone calls her Meg | I can never remember people’s names |

Mrs Smith’s first name is Angela

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations nice /naɪs/ Adjective

if you say that something or someone is nice, you mean that you like them and think they are

good or pleasant

there’s a nice café near here | she’s a nice person | we had a nice meal at a restaurant | this is a

nice place to live | he always wears nice clothes | the soup tastes nice

north /nɔː(r)θ/ Noun uncount

the north is the direction towards the top of a map

the city is in the north of the country | Carlisle is in the north of England

Adjective: north | Adverb: north

north-west /ˌnɔːθˈwɛst/ Noun uncount

the direction that is between north and west is north-west

the storm is coming from the north-west | if you travel north-west for an hour, you’ll reach

the forest

Opposite – Noun uncount: north-east

the wind blew strongly from the north-east

parent /ˈpeərənt/ Noun

your parents are your father and mother

my parents are both teachers | Luca’s parents are from Italy | do your parents know you’re

here? | he’s 30 but he still lives with his parents (in the same house) | please come and meet

my parents

part /pɑː(r)t/ Noun

a part of something is a particular piece or area of it

which part of Brazil do you live in? | we have students from different parts of the world here |

it’s a nice part of town

place /pleɪs/ Noun

a place is a town or city, or a particular area or building in a town or city

Worthing is a really boring place | this is a good place to live | what sort of place is Cardiff? | this

would be a good place to build a hospital | Greece is a nice place for a holiday

quiet /ˈkwaɪət/ Adjective

if a place is quiet, there are not many people there and not much is happening

we spent a quiet evening at home | I go shopping on Tuesday mornings when it’s quiet | a quiet

village in the country | the town centre is always quiet on Sundays

rich /rɪtʃ/ Adjective

if someone or somewhere is rich, they or it have a lot of money or valuable possessions

the rich part of the country has many luxurious houses | he became rich after starting a

successful business

south /saʊθ/ Noun uncount

the south is the direction towards the bottom of a map

the city is in the south of the country | Brighton is in the south of England

Adjective: south | Adverb: south

student /ˈstjuːd(ə)nt/ Noun

a student is someone who is learning things at school or university

I’m a student at Nottingham University | I share a house with three other students | there are

lots of students living in this area | the city is very quiet when the students have their exams

tourist /ˈtʊə.rɪst/ Noun

a tourist is someone who visits a place for pleasure and interest, usually while on holiday

the city is full of tourists in the summer | tourists often visit the museum and the old castle

traffic /ˈtræfɪk/ Noun uncount

traffic is all the cars, vans, lorries etc on the road at the same time

Collocates: heavy traffic | a traffic jam | traffic lights

there’s a lot of traffic in the city centre | the traffic was moving very slowly | a traffic jam (when

there is so much traffic that people have to wait for long periods of time without moving) |

there is heavy traffic on the road coming into Hull | traffic lights (red and green lights that make

cars stop and then let them go in order to control the traffic)

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations trip /trɪp/ Noun

a trip is a journey in which you go somewhere, usually for a short time, and come back again

Collocate: go on a trip

are you enjoying your trip to Spain? | we went on a school trip to the science museum | I’m

planning a road trip with my friends next month

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ Verb

if you visit a place, you go there and spend some time there If you visit a person, you go to

where they live or work and spend some time with them

a lot of people visit Stratford in the summer | we visited the cathedral in the afternoon | we’re

going to visit friends in New York | my grandparents come to visit every Christmas

Noun: visitor

west /west/ Noun uncount

the west is the direction where the sun goes away in the evening

the city is in the west of the country | Bristol is in the west of England

Adjective: west | Adverb: west

Pages 10–11

airport /ˈeə(r)ˌpɔː(r)t/ Noun

an airport is a place where planes take off (go into the air) and land (come down onto the

ground)

Collocate: a busy airport

we’re flying from Heathrow airport tomorrow | I like to go to the airport to watch the aeroplanes |

the plane landed two hours late at the airport | the airport employs over 2,000 people | Heathrow

is one of the busiest airports in the world

bad /bæd/ Adjective

something that is bad is not good and you do not like it

it’s an interesting job, but the money’s bad (the pay isn’t a lot) | I thought it was a really bad

film | my exam results were very bad | bad behaviour (doing things that you should not do) |

I just got some bad news | the food isn’t bad here (it’s quite good)

bar /bɑːI/ Noun

a bar is a place where people can buy and drink beer, wine, whisky, etc.

the hotel has a bar on the top floor | a noisy bar | I’ll meet you in the bar at 7 | the bar was very

crowded | there’s a good bar near here

beach /biːtʃ/ Noun

a beach is the land at the edge of the sea

Collocates: play on a beach | sit on a beach

a nice sandy beach | the children were playing on the beach | we spent the day on the beach |

there are some lovely beaches near here | I sat on the beach for an hour

beautiful /ˈbjuːtəf(ə)l/ Adjective

something or someone that is beautiful is very nice to look at

Florence is a beautiful city | a beautiful old church | Elizabeth Taylor was a very beautiful woman |

a beautiful painting

Noun: beauty

boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ Adjective

something that is boring is not interesting at all

my job is really boring | the film was so boring we left before the end | the most boring book

I’ve ever read | he’s the most boring teacher in the whole school

Adjective: bored || Opposite – Adjective: interesting | Adjective: interested

bridge /brɪdʒ/ Noun

a bridge is a structure built over a river, road, etc that allows people or vehicles to cross from

one side to the other

Collocates: over the bridge | under the bridge

we walked over the old stone bridge | the bridge connects the two parts of the city | walk under

the bridge

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations building /ˈbɪldɪŋ/ Noun

a building is something such as a house that has walls and a roof, and usually doors and

windows

there are some very old buildings in Chester | the cathedral is a beautiful building | the building

was damaged by fire | a new building | the hospital buildings

cheap /tʃiːp/ Adjective

something that is cheap does not cost very much money

a cheap hotel | tickets for the concert were quite cheap | a shop selling cheap clothes | I only

bought it because it was cheap | I bought a cheap watch which broke after a week

Opposite – Adjective: expensive

cinema /ˈsɪnəmə/ Noun

a cinema is a theatre where you can go and watch films

there aren’t any cinemas in my town | we go to the cinema every Saturday | they opened a new

cinema last week | what’s on at the cinema this week? | I’ll meet you outside the cinema

cold /kəʊld/ Adjective

if something is cold, the temperature is not very high, for example because it is winter or

because the sun is not shining

it gets very cold in the winter here | it’s really cold – I’m going to put the heater on | would you

like a cold drink? | if you’re cold, put your coat on

Opposite – Adjective: hot

course /kɔːs/ Noun

a course is a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject

Collocate: take a course

welcome to the course, I hope you enjoy it | I’m taking a French course online | the course lasts

for ten weeks

culture ˈkʌltʃər/ Noun uncount

culture is the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of

people at a particular time

when traveling, I like to learn about the local culture | the museum had exhibits on ancient

Egyptian culture | food is an important part of Italian culture

dirty /ˈdɜː(r)ti/ Adjective

something that is dirty has dirt or dust on it and is not clean

leave your dirty shoes by the door | his shirt was dirty | wash the dirty plates | a dirty towel |

don’t get your clothes dirty | his car is always really dirty

Noun: dirt || Opposite – Adjective: clean

expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ Adjective

something that is expensive costs a lot of money

an expensive watch | I like expensive clothes | it’s a good restaurant, but too expensive for us |

an expensive meal | that’s a nice dress – was it expensive? | it was very expensive to take a taxi

to the airport

Opposite – Adjective: cheap

famous ˈfeɪməs/ Adjective

if lots of people know about someone or something, that person or thing is famous

Messi is the most famous footballer in the world | it’s a very famous painting by Leonardo da

Vinci | is Lady Gaga more famous than Adele? | the Ritz is a famous hotel in Paris | I want to

be famous

favourite /ˈfeɪvərɪt/ Adjective

when something is a favourite, it is liked more than others

Collocate: have a favourite

pizza is my favourite food | what’s your favourite colour? | I don’t have a favourite teacher

at school

forest ˈfɒrɪst/ Noun

a forest is a large area covered with trees, bushes and plants

we went for a hike in the forest yesterday | the forest is home to many different kinds of

animals | in the middle of the forest, there is a small lake

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations house /haʊs/ Noun

a house is a building which a person or family lives in

we live in a big house | they’re building two new houses at the end of the road | my house

is near my school | a family house | come to my house after school | their house is over

100 years old

kid /kɪd/ Noun

kid is an informal word for a child

they’ve got two kids | she’s outside playing with the other kids | a kid at my school was on TV

last night | kids aren’t allowed into the club after six o’clock in the evening | she’s a lovely kid |

the kids were making a terrible noise upstairs

late /leɪt/ Adjective

late means after the expected, usual, or planned time

bars close late at night | sorry I’m late, the traffic was terrible | the party went on until late

Opposite – Adjective: early

he was always early for the weekly meeting

like /laɪk/ Verb

if you like something, you think it’s good and it gives you pleasure

he doesn’t like his job | I like playing computer games | I don’t like carrots | do you like

swimming? | nobody likes it when it rains

Opposite – Verb: hate

little /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ Adjective

something that is little is not very big

there are some nice little places to eat on the beach | a little girl | it’s an interesting little book |

he worked in a little office on the third floor

local /ˈləʊk(ə)l/ Adjective

something that is local happens or exists inside a small area close to where you are, rather than

all over the country

a civil servant in a local government office (the government of a town rather than a country) |

I work for a local newspaper | our local football team is doing very well | did you try the local

food when you were in Rome? | both our kids go to the local school | the local shops are very

good here

lovely /ˈlʌvli/ Adjective

when someone or something is lovely, it is pleasant or enjoyable

we had a lovely time at the beach | that’s a lovely dress you’re wearing | the weather is lovely at

this time of year

main /meɪn/ Adjective

the main thing in a group of things is the most important one or the one that is used

the most

there is only one main road | main entrance is on Oxford Street | my main aim is to pass my

exams | we have our main meal in the evening | the school’s main building is half a mile away

from here | there are two main reasons for this decision | what is the main purpose of your

job? | there’s a market today in the main square

move /muːv/ Verb

if you move, or move house, you go and live in a different place

Collocate: move house

we’re moving house next week | my parents moved to Cornwall after I left home | I lived in Gas

Street when I first moved here | I hate this house, but I can’t afford to move

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations natural ˈnætʃərəl/ Adjective

when something is natural, it exists in nature and is not made or caused by people It also

means that something is without chemical processing, for example water

the spa is famous for its natural hot water springs | she prefers natural ingredients in her

skincare

Noun: nature

I love being surrounded by tress and nature

night /naɪt/ Noun

night is the time when it is dark, between the afternoon and the morning

I woke up in the middle of the night | it rained a lot during the night | we worked all through

the night | the airport is closed at night | he died on Saturday night | he works nights (during the

night rather than during the day)

noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ Adjective

when someone or something is noisy, it makes a lot of sound

Collocates: make a noise | hear a noise

the traffic outside is very noisy | the children are too noisy today | it’s difficult to concentrate in a

noisy environment

Noun: noise

I can’t concentrate when there’s a lot of noise

people ˈpiːp(ə)l/ Noun plural

people are men, women, and children The singular is person

the people at work are really nice | there are 15 people in my class | I met some interesting

people in Poland | how many people live in New York? | two people rode past me on bikes |

six people were hurt in the accident | he’s the nicest person I know

region ˈriːdʒən/ Noun

a region is a large area of land, usually without exact limits or borders

they travelled through the mountainous region by foot | this region of Italy is known for its

cultural heritage

relax /rɪˈlæks/ Verb

if you relax, you do not work or do anything difficult, but do things you enjoy that do not need

much effort

I walk in the park to relax | listening to music helps me relax | you must be tired – sit down and

relax | I’ve got so much to do I can’t relax | try to relax

Noun: relaxation | Adjective: relaxing

river /ˈrɪvə(r)/ Noun

a river is a long stream of water that runs through a country and goes into the sea

the river goes through the city from east to west | I like swimming in the river | we have a boat

on the river | we need to cross the river | a bridge over the river

rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ Noun

rubbish is waste material or things that are no longer wanted or needed

please take out the rubbish | the park was littered with rubbish | we need to recycle more and

reduce our rubbish

sea /siː/ Noun

the sea is the large area of water that covers a lot of the earth

a house near the sea | swimming in the sea | the sea between England and France is called the

English Channel | the Mediterranean Sea | we went out on the sea in a boat

shopping ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ Noun uncount

shopping is the activity of going to the shops to buy things

Collocates: go shopping | do the shopping

there are lots of places to go shopping | we went shopping this morning | I hate shopping | I do

the shopping on Saturday morning | a shopping centre (a place in a town with a lot of shops all

in one building)

Noun: shop | Verb: shop

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations small /smɔːl/ Adjective

something that is small is not very big

Norwich is quite a small city | his feet are very small | a small café | she was carrying a small

dog | the hotel was nice but the rooms were rather small

Opposite – Adjective: big

stadium ˈsteɪdiəm/ Noun

a stadium is a large closed area of land with tiered seating for spectators, where sports and

other events are held

the new stadium can hold 50,000 fans | we’re going to the stadium to watch the match

supermarket /ˈsuːpəImɑːIkɪt/ Noun

a supermarket is a large shop which sells lots of different sorts of food and other things

I need to go to the supermarket | I do my shopping once a week at the supermarket | a 24-hour

supermarket (that stays open all the time) | she got a job in the local supermarket

swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ Noun uncount

swimming is the activity of moving in the water using your arms and legs

Collocates: swimming pool | swimming costume

I love swimming | we go swimming every Saturday | a swimming pool (a big hole in the ground

full of water which people can swim in) | a swimming costume (what people wear when they

go swimming)

Verb: swim

tourist /ˈtʊərɪst/ Noun

a tourist is someone who visits a place for pleasure and interest, usually while on holiday

the city is full of tourists in the summer | tourists often visit the museum and the old castle

town /taʊn/ Noun

a town is a place with a lot of buildings where people live A town is larger than a village and

smaller than a city

I live in a small town near Bratislava | Farnham is a nice town | the town centre | a busy town

tree /triː/ Noun

a tree is a tall plant with a trunk and branches Forests have a lot of trees

the cat climbed up the tree | we planted a tree in our garden | birds were singing in the tree

university /juːnɪˈvɜː(r)səti/ Noun

university is a place where people can study after they leave school, usually when they are

between 18 and 21 years old

Collocate: go to university

I want to go to university next year | she’s studying engineering at university | a university

student | she spent three years at Cambridge University | the oldest university in Europe is the

University of Bologna in Italy

village ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ Noun

a village is a small town in the countryside

she lives in a small village in the mountains | the village has a church and a few shops | every

summer we visit our grandparents in their village

walk /wɔːk/ Verb

if you walk somewhere, you go there putting one foot in front of the other

I walk to work | she walked through the park | it’s too far to walk – let’s get the bus | we walked

home from the cinema

Noun: walk

Collocate: go for a walk

winter ˈwɪntə(r)/ Noun

winter is the time of year when it is cold, between autumn and spring

winters are very cold in Eastern Russia | in Australia, their winter is in July and August | we go

skiing every winter | they have a lot of snow in winter

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.Pages 12–13

alone /əˈləʊn/ Adjective

if you are alone, you are without other people

she lives alone in a big house | sometimes I like walking alone for hours

big /bɪɡ/ Adjective

something that is big is large

she works in a big shop | his feet are very big | they live in a big house by the river | London is a

very big city | I’m afraid of big dogs

Opposite – Adjective: small

boss /bɒs/ Noun

the person who is in charge of an organization and who tells others what to do is the boss

the boss will review the reports today | I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon

clothes /kləʊðz/ Noun plural

clothes are pieces of material such as shirts, jackets, and trousers that people wear

I enjoy buying new clothes | a clothes shop | I’m going shopping for clothes | his clothes were

old and dirty | my wardrobe is full of clothes

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ Noun

a company is a business organization

Microsoft is a big company | she runs a small company in Paris | a company that employs

300 people | he left the company after six years

customer /ˈkʌstəmər/ Noun

a customer is a person who buys goods or a service

the customer wasn’t happy with the service | we need to listen to our customers’ feedback |

as a regular customer, he knows the menu well

dangerous /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ Adjective

when someone or something is dangerous, it is able or likely to cause harm or injury

the centre of town can be quite dangerous at night | driving in the snow is dangerous |

it’s dangerous to swim here because of the strong currents

Noun: danger

the dog barked when he sensed danger

day /deɪ/ Noun

a day is a period of 24 hours There are seven days in a week, and 365 days in a year

a nice sunny day | I spent all day studying for my exams | I get up at 7 o’clock every day | we’re

going to fly to Dublin the day after tomorrow | we had a lovely day by the sea

Adverb: daily

different /ˈdɪfrənt/ Adjective

if two things or people are different, they are not the same

Collocate: different from something or someone

I want a different job | my brother and I go to different schools | I work for a different company

now | the boys had the same colour hair but different colour eyes | this one is broken – can you

get me a different one? | his second film was very different from his first one

Noun: difference

Collocate: a difference between things

earn /ɜːn/ Verb

to earn is to receive money as payment for work that you do

Collocate: earn money

she earns a good salary at her new job | I’m trying to earn some extra money this summer | how

much do you earn per hour?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations enjoy /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/ Verb

if you enjoy something, you like it when it is happening and it makes you happy

Collocate: enjoy doing something

do you enjoy your job? | I don’t enjoy working here | she enjoys playing sport | I never enjoy

shopping | I hope you enjoy your meal | did you enjoy your holiday?

Adjective: enjoyable

fashion /ˈfæʃən/ Noun

fashion is a style that is popular at a particular time, especially in clothes, hair, and makeup

Collocate: in fashion | out of fashion

she is really interested in fashion and design | fashion magazines can give you ideas about what

to wear | that style of dress is back in fashion this year

Adjective: fashionable

Elya’s so fashionable – she always looks really good!

free time ˌfriː ˈtaɪm/ Noun uncount

your free time is the time when you do not have to work at your job or do school work

I like to go to the gym in my free time | doctors don’t get much free time | I’ll have some free

time to come swimming at the weekend | how do you spend your free time?

get up /ˌɡet ˈʌp/ Phrasal verb

when you get up, you get out of bed after you have finished sleeping

what time do you get up? | I got up late this morning | she got up at 6:30 | I hate getting up in

the dark in winter | we get up late at weekends | I’ve got to get up early tomorrow

go out ˌɡəʊ ˈaʊt/ Phrasal verb

if you go out somewhere, you go to somewhere like a restaurant or cinema to have a nice time

do you want to go out? | we went out three times last week | I can’t afford to go out tonight |

let’s go out | they went out for a meal

government /ˈɡʌvə(r)nmənt/ Noun

the government is the group of people who are in charge of a country or region

I don’t want the government to raise taxes | the government is going to cut the number

of police officers | the government is spending too much money at the moment | can the

government make people happier? | the local government (that works in a town or region, not

the whole country)

great /ɡreɪt/ Adjective

if you say that something is great, you mean that you like it and that it is very good

Birmingham is a great place to live | there are some great shops here | we saw a great film last

night | you look great in that jacket | Athens is a great city

group /ɡruːp/ Noun

a group is a number of people or things that are together in one place or are considered

as a unit

Collocates: group of (people, friends)

we saw a group of tourists outside the museum | they’re going to sing in a group for the

competition | a small group of friends met up for coffee

hard /hɑː(r)d/ Adverb

if you work hard, you spend a lot of time and energy working If you do something else hard,

you use a lot of energy or power

I’m working very hard at school | you must try harder | he hit me as hard as he could

home /həʊm/ Noun uncount

your home is the house or flat where you live

Collocate: at home

I work at home | my home is in Wales | she left home when she was 17 (she went to live

somewhere away from her parents) | I’m going to stay at home tonight | what’s your home

address?

Adverb: home

Collocate: go home

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations interesting ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ Adjective

if something is interesting, you would like to see more of it or know more about it

I watched an interesting programme on TV last night | this is an interesting book | she has a

very interesting job | we met lots of interesting people in Canada | that’s an interesting idea |

it sounds like an interesting holiday

Adjective: interested | Verb: interest || Opposite – Adjective: boring | Adjective: bored

Collocate: be interested in something

job /dʒɒb/ Noun

someone’s job is the work that they do every day in order to earn money

he got a job in a factory | do you enjoy your job? | it’s a very boring job | I don’t want an office

job | she found a job as soon as she left school

language /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/ Noun

a language is the set of words that people use when they speak to each other and when they

write things English, German, Russian and Japanese are all languages

how many languages do you speak | Russian is a difficult language to learn | English and

German belong to the same family of languages

long hours /ˌlɒŋ ˈaʊə(r)z/ Adverb

if you work long hours, you spend a long time at work every day

I enjoy the job, but I have to work long hours | I did long hours when I started work as a doctor

look after /lʊk ˈɑːftə/ Phrasal verb

to take care of someone or something, is to look after it

can you look after my dog this weekend? | she looks after her younger brother after school |

it’s important to look after your health

love /lʌv/ Verb

if you love something or someone, you like it or them very much

I love my job | I just love walking by the sea | I loved the film | he loves his kids | everyone

loves Christmas

money ˈmʌni/ Noun uncount

money is the coins and bank notes that you can use to buy things

I forgot to bring any money with me | have you got enough money for the train ticket? | how

much money have you got? | I like my job but I don’t get much money for it | it costs a lot of

money to fly to Australia | my old car isn’t worth much money

most of the time /məʊst əv ðə taɪm/ Adverbial phrase

usually, or in most situations

most of the time I walk to work | she’s usually quite quiet most of the time | most of the time,

the weather here is very warm

museum /mjuːˈziːəm/ Noun

a museum is a building where people can go and look at interesting things connected with art,

history, science, etc

the Science Museum | the Museum of Modern Art | the Louvre is a famous museum in Paris | the

museum is free (you don’t have to pay to get in) | we spent an hour in the museum | a museum

curator (a person who is in charge of the things in a museum)

newspaper /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə(r)/ Noun

a newspaper is a set of sheets of paper with stories and pictures about the news printed on

them They are usually published every day and are often called just papers Some newspapers

also have websites

can I look at your newspaper? | a free newspaper | which newspaper do you read? | I bought a

newspaper at the station | a national newspaper | a local newspaper

office ˈɒfɪs/ Noun

an office is a building or a room where people work, usually sitting at desks

an open-plan office (where there are lots of people working in the same big room) | my office

is on the second floor | a big office block (a building full of offices) | I don’t want to work in an

office | would you come into my office, please?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations police officer /pəˈliːs ɒfɪsə(r)/ Noun

a police officer is a man or woman who is in the police

one police officer was hurt during the fighting | the police officer called for help | 20 police

officers arrived at the bank| a police officer shot two of the men

sad /sæd/ Adjective

when someone or something is sad, they or it are unhappy

it’s sad to see bad things happen to good people | the movie was so sad that everyone cried

shop assistant ˈʃɒp əsɪst(ə)nt/ Noun

a shop assistant is a person who works in a shop and helps the customers

he’s a shop assistant in the supermarket | I had to wait five minutes before a shop assistant

came to help me | I worked for three years as a shop assistant | a helpful shop assistant | luckily,

the shop assistant spoke English

show /ʃəʊ/ Verb

to show something means to make something visible to others, or to display it

can you show me how to do this? | he showed his ticket to the guard and entered the concert

sleep /sliːp/ Verb

when you sleep, you rest with your eyes closed

I sleep eight hours a night | sleep well (what you say to someone at night when they go to bed) |

I went to bed but I was too worried to sleep | she slept on the plane journey to Los Angeles

Noun: sleep

speak /spiːk/ Verb

when you speak, you say words that people can hear and understand If you can speak a

particular language, you know enough of its words and grammar to be able to talk to other

people who know that language

Collocate: speak to someone

how many languages can you speak? | he speaks English with a German accent | she speaks

very good Italian | can you speak more slowly, please? | the teacher wanted to speak to me after

the lesson

Noun: speaker

the other people /ðiːˈʌð.ərˈpiːpəl/ Noun

people other than oneself or the ones already mentioned, are the other people

I like the other people at work | she enjoyed the party because of the other people there | the

other people in the class are very friendly

tour guide /tʊər ɡaɪd/ Noun

a person whose job is to show tourists around places of interest is a tour guide Usually, they

give information about a place

the tour guide explained the history of the castle | our tour guide was very knowledgeable

about the city

travel /ˈtrævəl/ Verb

when you travel, you make a journey, usually over a long distance

she loves to travel and see new places | next year, I plan to travel around Canada | have you ever

traveled by train?

want /wɒnt/ Verb

if you want something, you do not have it but would like to have it, for example because you

think you need it

do you want a drink? | she wanted a new car | I want to buy another jacket | he wants to

become a police officer

work /wɜː(r)k/ Noun uncount

work is the job you do and the place where you do it

I like my job, but it’s hard work | she starts work at 8 o’clock | we went to a restaurant after

work | I don’t get home from work until after 6 o’clock | I walk to work every day | he was out

of work (did not have a job) for 6 weeks

Verb: work | Noun: worker

2 Daily life

Pages 16–17

busy /ˈbɪzi/ Adjective

if somewhere is busy, there is a lot of activity and a lot of people there If you are busy, you

have a lot of things to do and do not have any time to relax

the restaurant gets very busy on Friday evenings | a busy airport | a busy town centre | I’ve had a

very busy week | I was so busy I didn’t stop for lunch | she was too busy to answer my email

concert /ˈkɒnsə(r)t/ Noun

a concert is an event in public in which people play music

my mum took me to a concert for my birthday | a lot of people are travelling to Wembley for

the big concert | I’m going to a concert on Saturday | the band are giving a concert in London |

a rock concert | I’ve got tickets for a pop concert

conversation ˌkɒnvə(r)ˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ Noun

a conversation is when two or more people are talking to each other about something

Collocate: a conversation about something

we had a long conversation about football | the conversation was really boring | I started a

conversation with the person next to me on the plane | we had a really interesting conversation

last night | a short telephone conversation | they had to finish their conversation when the

film started

cooking /ˈkʊkɪŋ/ Noun uncount

cooking is the activity of getting food ready to eat by making it hot

do you like cooking? | I want to do a course in cooking | cooking is great fun | I always help my

dad with the cooking | a magazine all about cooking

Verb: cook | Noun: cook

dancing ˈdɑːnsɪŋ/ Noun uncount

dancing is the activity of moving around in time with music for pleasure

we go dancing every Saturday night | do you enjoy dancing? | I’m too tired for any more

dancing | dancing is fun

Verb: dance | Noun: dancer

drive /draɪv/ Verb

if you drive a car or other vehicle, you control it while it is moving

I want to learn to drive a car | he drives a taxi | he’s 50 and he still can’t drive | it will take an

hour to drive to Brighton | drive carefully | we drove into town

Noun: driver | Noun: drive

film /fɪlm/ Noun

a film is a story that is told using moving pictures You can watch films on television, in a

cinema, or over the internet

what time does the film start? | I like watching films on TV | my favourite film is Green Book |

I fell asleep during the film | it was a really boring film | we’re making a short film about the

history of our school

Verb: film

lunch /lʌntʃ/ Noun

lunch is the meal that you eat in the middle of the day

Collocates: have lunch | have something for lunch | go out for lunch

what time do you have lunch? | lunch is at 12:30 | we’re having eggs for lunch | don’t be late

for lunch | let’s go out for lunch | we had lunch in a restaurant

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations match /mætʃ/ Noun

a match is a sports competition or event in which two people or teams compete against each

other

Collocates: watch a match | play a match | win a match

did you watch the football match last night? | my favourite team won the match easily |

they’re playing a tennis match this afternoon

meet /miːt/ Verb

when you meet someone, you see them and talk to them for the first time If you meet

someone you already know, you go to a place where you have arranged to see them

I met lots of interesting people at the party | it’s good to meet new people | let’s meet outside

the cinema | can we meet on Saturday? | she came to meet me at the airport

play /pleɪ/ Verb

if you play games, you do the activities that are involved in them

she played computer games all evening | I like playing tennis | they played football in the park |

do you know how to play chess? | let’s play a game

Noun: player

reading /ˈriːdɪŋ/ Noun uncount

reading is the activity of looking at words that are on paper or on a computer and

understanding them

I enjoy reading | reading and writing are very important skills | I’m too busy to do much reading

Verb: read | Noun: reader

sound /saʊnd/ Verb

if something sounds good, interesting, strange, etc, you think that it might have that quality

that sounds like an interesting film | your holiday sounds exciting | the restaurant sounds terrible |

he sounds very boring | it sounds fun

sport /spɔː(r)t/ Noun

sport is games like football, basketball or tennis

Collocates: watch sport | play sport

do you like doing sport? | I watch a lot of sport on TV | she was very good at sports when she

was at school | I hate sport | we play a lot of sport at my school

Adjective: sports

start /stɑː(r)t/ Verb

if something starts, it begins to happen

Collocates: start doing something | start to do something

the film starts at 8 | school starts next week | I’m going to start learning German | she starts

work at 9 every morning | the weather is starting to improve

Noun: start

station ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n/ Noun

a station or a train station is a place where trains stop to let passengers get on and get off

let’s meet outside the station | the train station was very crowded | we arrived at the huge train

station in Milan | can we walk to the station from here?

TV /ˌtiː ˈviː/ Noun

a TV is a television – a machine that shows moving pictures along with sounds, especially of

programmes that are specially made

I like watching TV | a TV set | what’s on TV tonight? | a TV programme | watching sport on TV |

we’ve got three TVs in the house

video game ˈvɪdiəʊ ɡeɪm/ Noun

a video game is a game that you press buttons to control and move images on a screen

do you like playing video games? | video games are expensive to buy | an online video game

(one that you play with other people over the internet) | don’t spend too long on your video

game tonight

watch /wɒtʃ/ Verb

if you watch something, you use your eyes to look at it over a period of time

she likes watching TV in the evenings | we watched a film last night | can I watch the news? |

she watched the children swimming in the pool | let’s watch the tennis at Wimbledon

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.Pages 18–19

afternoon /ˌɑːftə(r)ˈnuːn/ Noun

the afternoon is the time of day between the morning and the evening

Collocates: this afternoon | tomorrow afternoon | yesterday afternoon

there’s a football match on Saturday afternoon| we went to Plymouth yesterday afternoon |

I’m meeting Tim tomorrow afternoon | we spent all afternoon listening to music | what do you

usually do in the afternoon?

bed /bed/ Noun

a bed is a piece of furniture for sleep or rest, typically a frame with a mattress

Collocates: in bed | go to bed

it’s late; I’m going to bed | she read a book in bed before sleeping | the children have a bedtime

story before they go to bed

check /tʃek/ Verb

to look at something carefully to make sure it is correct or safe is to check it

can you check your phone to see if you got a message from him | I need to check my email |

always check the water temperature before getting into the bath

Phrasal verb: check out

I want to check out that new film at the cinema

coffee /ˈkɒfi/ Noun

coffee is a drink made from the dark beans of a coffee plant

Collocates: have a coffee | make coffee

would you like to have a coffee? | a cup of coffee | if I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at

night | he made a pot of coffee | I’ll have a white coffee (with milk in it) | black coffee (with no

milk in it)

dinner /ˈdɪnə(r)/ fpNoun

dinner is the main meal that people eat in the evening

Collocates: have dinner | prepare dinner | go out for dinner | have something for dinner

do you want to go out for dinner (go to a restaurant)? | we have dinner at 8 o’clock | we had

a lovely dinner with our neighbours | what’s for dinner (what are we going to eat)? | who’s

cooking dinner tonight? | we had chicken for dinner last night

early ˈɜːli/ Adverb

before the usual or expected time is early

I always go to bed early before a big day | he arrived early for the meeting | it’s too early to tell

what will happen

Opposite – Adverb: late

he’s always late for class

email /ˈiːmeɪl/ Noun

email is messages that people can send to each other using the internet An email is one

message If you email someone, you send them a message over the internet

I need to check my email | I got an email from Clive this morning | she spent half an hour

reading her emails | send me an email | what’s your email address? | the email never arrived

Verb: email

evening /ˈiːvnɪŋ/ Noun

the evening is the time of day when it starts to get dark, between the afternoon and the night

Collocates: yesterday evening | this evening | tomorrow evening

let’s go out this evening | I went to the cinema with Jake yesterday evening | we spent all evening

watching YouTube videos | I’ll ring you tomorrow evening | we have dinner at 7 in the evening

exercise /ˈeksə(r)saɪz/ Noun uncount

exercise is physical activity that helps to keep you fit and healthy

Collocates: do some exercise | get exercise

I don’t do a lot of exercise | you should make time to do some exercise | if you don’t do enough

exercise, you’ll get ill | I play football on Sundays for the exercise | swimming is good exercise

Verb: exercise

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations flat /flæt/ Noun

a flat is a group of rooms for living in, usually on one floor and part of a larger building

they’ve just moved into a new flat | our flat is on the second floor | we have a three-bedroom

flat in the city centre

gym /dʒɪm/ Noun

a gym is a room or a building with lots of equipment for people to do exercise

I always go to the gym on Thursdays | it costs more to go to the gym at weekends | I joined a

gym this year | I prefer walking in the park to going to the gym

home /həʊm/ Noun uncountable

home is the place where someone lives permanently, especially as a member of a family or

household

I get home from work at 6 p.m | it’s time to go home now

homework /ˈhəʊmˌwɜː(r)k/ Noun uncount

homework is work for school that you do at home in the evening or at the weekend

Collocates: do your homework | set (someone) homework

I did my homework, then went to the cinema | we get a lot of homework | it took him three

hours to finish his homework | we have to hand our homework in at 9 in the morning | we’ve

got maths homework tonight | Mr Skelton always sets too much homework

leave /liːv/ Verb

if you leave somewhere, you go away from there

I leave work at 5 every evening | what time do you leave for school (start your journey to school

in the morning)? | his grandfather left Germany in 1933 | she left home when she was 17 (went

to live somewhere away from her parents)

listen /ˈlɪs(ə)n/ Verb

if you listen to something, you pay attention to what you can hear

Collocate: listen to someone or something

I like to listen to music | she wanted to listen to the news on the radio | listen to a new song |

you should listen to me when I’m talking to you | listen to your teacher carefully

Noun: listener

lucky ˈlʌki/ Adjective

if you are lucky, you have good things happen by chance

I was lucky to find a parking space so close | you’re lucky; it just stopped raining

Noun: luck

he always has all the luck

Opposite – Adjective: unlucky

I was unlucky today and didn’t win

morning ˈmɔː(r)nɪŋ/ Noun

the morning is the time of day when it starts to get light, between the night and the afternoon

Collocates: this morning | tomorrow morning | yesterday morning

what time do you get up in the morning? | what a lovely morning! | I spent the morning

cleaning the house | it’s very cold this morning | let’s meet tomorrow morning | I was busy all

morning | the bus to school was late yesterday morning

music /ˈmjuːzɪk/ Noun uncount

music is pleasant sounds made by singing or by playing instruments like pianos, guitars, etc.

Collocate: listen to music

I like listening to music | she’s studying music at university | rock music | classical music | pop

music | can you read music (read the special shapes on paper that represent music)?

Adjective: musical

news /njuːz/ Noun uncount

news is information about things that have happened very recently or that are happening at the

moment The news is a programme on the TV or radio telling you this information

do you want to watch the news? | the news will be on the radio in 10 minutes | have you heard

the news about Madonna? | there’s good news about the economy at last | I wanted to listen to

the news

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations phone /fəʊn/ Noun

a phone is a thing that you use to be able to talk to people who are not with you A phone that

you carry around with you is also called a mobile phone, and if it has a screen and can run apps,

it’s a smartphone

my daughter wants a new phone | my phone has stopped working | can I borrow your phone? |

I dropped my phone and it broke | I couldn’t call you because I left my phone at home

Verb: phone

piano /piˈænəʊ/ Noun

a piano is a large musical instrument that you play by pressing a set of white and black keys

Collocate: play the piano

can you play the piano? | I’m learning the piano (learning how to play it) | piano lessons | piano

music | a grand piano (the sort that they play at concerts) | an upright piano (a smaller sort that

fits into a house more easily) | I could hear the sounds of a piano next door

Noun: pianist

prepare /prɪˈpeər/ Verb

if you prepare something, you make or get something or someone ready for something that will

happen in the future, for example, dinner, a party

I need to prepare dinner before they arrive | have you prepared for your exam?

rock concert ˈrɒk kɒnsə(r)t/ Noun

a rock concert is an event where musicians play rock music

we went to a rock concert last night | tickets for the rock concert were sold out (there were

none left) | an open-air rock concert (one that is held outside)

running ˈrʌnɪŋ/ Noun uncount

if you run, you move quite fast by putting one foot in front of the other much quicker than

when you are walking If you go running, you do this for exercise in order to get fit or stay fit

I go running three times a week | a running race | running helps to keep me fit | she took up

running last year (started going running regularly)

Verb: run | Noun: runner

shower /ˈʃaʊə(r)/ Noun

if you have a shower, you stand under running water to wash yourself A shower is also the

place where you do this

Collocate: have a shower

I always have a shower in the morning | do you want a shower? | we’re building a new shower

downstairs | I felt much better after a shower

sleep /sliːp/ Noun

sleep is the resting state in which the body is not active and the mind is unconscious

Collocates: have a sleep | go to sleep

you should have a little sleep if you’re tired | I didn’t get much sleep last night | I’m going to

sleep now

Adjective: asleep

she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow

social life ˈsəʊʃ(ə)l laɪf/ Noun

your social life is all the things that you do for pleasure when you are not working

Collocate: a busy social life

she has a busy social life | their social life involves a lot of parties | which college offers the best

social life? | he enjoyed his social life while he was in Liverpool

study ˈstʌdi/ Verb

if you study, you read books or material on the internet to learn about things for school or

university

I usually study for two hours in the evening | she studied chemistry at university | I’m studying

for my music exams | if you don’t study enough, you won’t pass your exam

supermarket /ˈsuːpə(r)ˌmɑː(r)kɪt/ Noun

a supermarket is a large shop which sells lots of different sorts of food and other things

I need to go to the supermarket | I do my shopping once a week at the supermarket | a 24-hour

supermarket (that stays open all the time) | she got a job in the local supermarket

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations thing /θɪŋ/ Noun

a thing is any object

what’s that thing over there? | your bedroom is really untidy – I want you to put your things

away (put them in cupboards etc to make the room tidy) | a shop full of expensive things | you

can buy all sorts of things online | you don’t need all those things for a short camping weekend

tidy /ˈtaɪ.di/ Verb

to make a place look neat by putting things in the correct place is to tidy

you really need to tidy your room | he tidied the flat before his parents visited | she spends every

Saturday morning tidying the house

Adjective: tidy

I would say I am a tidy person

Opposite – Adjective: messy

she’s so messy – she leaves her clothes everywhere!

ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ Noun

a ticket is a piece of paper or an electronic message on your phone that shows you have paid,

for example, to go into a cinema or make a train or plane journey

I go to the cinema on Wednesdays when the tickets are cheap | I’ve got two tickets for the

football match at Wembley | don’t lose the tickets! | you can buy tickets online | the tickets have

all sold out (there are none left) | do you have any spare tickets (that you do not need)?

tired /ˈtaɪə(r)d/ Adjective

if you are tired, you want to sleep because you have done a lot of activity

Collocate: feel tired

I’ve been feeling tired all day | it was hard work, but I don’t feel tired yet | all that running made

me tired | try to get some sleep if you’re tired | she got home tired from work | he looks tired

Adjective: tiring

week /wiːk/ Noun

a week is a period of 7 days There are 52 weeks in a year

Collocates: this week | next week | last week

I’m going to Paris next week | we spent a week in Edinburgh on holiday | it will take 6 weeks

to finish the work | my grandparents came to visit us last week | it’s been very sunny this week |

our term lasts 12 weeks | I started a new job a week ago

weekend /ˌwiːkˈend/ Noun

the weekend is Saturday and Sunday, when most people do not have to work

Collocates: this weekend | last weekend | next weekend

did you have a nice weekend? | are you doing anything interesting this weekend? | the weather

was terrible over the weekend | I try to get away from London at the weekends | we went to

see my parents last weekend | we’re going to Paris next weekend

Pages 20–21

answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/ Noun

an answer is what someone says or writes in reply to a question

check your answers with the person sitting next to you | that’s the wrong answer | what’s the

right answer? | I never got an answer to my question | the answers are in the back of the book

Verb: answer

beginning /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/ Noun

the beginning of something is the time when it starts

Collocate: the beginning of something

that concert was the beginning of his career as a singer | the beginning of the film was rather

scary | she was a member of the club from the very beginning (the moment when it first

started) | your composition needs to have a clear beginning, middle, and end

Verb: begin | Noun: beginner

Collocates: begin to do something | begin doing something

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations break /breɪk/ Noun

when you are at work, a break is a time when you stop working and relax for a short while

before starting to work again

Collocates: a lunch/tea/coffee break | a short/long break | take a break | be on your break

I haven’t got time to take a break | I usually take a break at about 11 | I worked from 8 till 4

without a break | that was a long break | I had to go to the bank during my lunch break |

a 10-minute break | he’s on his break at the moment

Verb: break

bring /brɪŋ/ Verb

to bring something is to take or carry someone or something to a place or a person

can you bring a pen tomorrow? | don’t forget to bring it here when you come | she brought her

friend to the party

dictionary /ˈdɪkʃən(ə)ri/ Noun

a dictionary is a book, website or app which tells you what words mean

an online dictionary | look it up in your dictionary | a bilingual dictionary (that tells you what a

word in one language means in another language) | it takes a long time to write a dictionary |

you can’t take a dictionary into the exam room

end /end/ Noun

the end of something is the time when it finishes or stops

Collocate: the end of something

come and see me at the end of the class | it was the end of a wonderful holiday | Hamlet dies at

the end of the play | if you want to know what happens in the end, you’ll just have to wait

Verb: end | Noun: ending

Collocates: a happy/sad ending

exam ɪɡˈzæm/ Noun

an exam is an important test that you do at school or university

Collocates: pass an exam | fail an exam | take an exam

I spent all weekend studying for an exam | when do your exams start? | she passed all her

exams (succeeded in all of them) | he did all right in maths but failed his English exam (did not

succeed in it) | I have to take my exams at the end of the year | it was a really difficult exam

forget /fəˈɡet/ Verb

if you forget, you are unable to remember a fact, something that happened, or how to do

something

don’t forget to lock the door when you leave | I forgot my password and couldn’t log in | she

always forgets her friends’ birthdays

Opposite – Verb: remember

do you remember how we met?

lazy ˈleɪzi/ Adjective

someone who is lazy does not like working or making any effort to do things A lazy afternoon,

evening, etc is an afternoon or evening when you relax and do not do any work or anything

that needs effort

I’m too lazy to cook for myself | he’s so lazy! Still in bed at 12 o’clock | his teachers told his

mother he was lazy | don’t be so lazy! Come and help us | we spent a lazy afternoon watching TV

learn /lɜː(r)n/ Verb

if you learn something, you spend time finding out about it or finding out how to do it People

go to school to learn

Collocate: learn to do something

I want to learn to drive | I’m learning French | I spent a year in the art class, but I didn’t learn

very much | I learned a lot about science by watching television

Noun: learner

hear /hɪə(r)/ Verb

if you hear something, you notice it with your ears

did you hear what I said? | I can’t hear the television | she heard the car arriving outside | he

spoke so quietly I could hardly hear him | I didn’t hear the alarm clock this morning and was late

for work | did you hear a noise just now?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations light /laɪt/ Noun

light is what comes from the sun and makes us able to see When there is no light, it is dark

A light is also something like a lamp that you use when it is dark and that makes an area bright

and helps you to see

turn off the light before you go out | the lights were on in every room downstairs | the light

outside was very bright | there wasn’t enough light to be able to read | the light of the moon

Adjective: light

meaning /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ Noun

the meaning of a word is what it represents or what it means

check the meaning in your dictionary | the word ‘set’ has many different meanings | what’s the

meaning of ‘eradicate’? | if you change the pronunciation, it can change the meaning too

Verb: mean

middle /ˈmɪdəl/ Noun

the middle is the central point, position, or part

Collocate: in the middle

she sat in the middle of the class so she could hear better | there’s a river running through the

middle of the town | I woke up in the middle of the night

notebook /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/ Noun

a notebook is a book which you can write notes in It has empty pages, or pages with lines

write the words in your notebook | I left my notebook at home | has anyone seen my

notebook? | she stopped using a notebook when she got an iPad | his notebook was nearly full

notes /nəʊts/ Noun plural

notes are words that you write down, for example to help you remember what a teacher said in

a class or what you have read in a book

Collocate: take notes

I took some notes on my iPad | Juan wrote some notes during the lecture | can I see your notes? |

these notes will be really helpful

on my own ɒn maɪ ˈəʊn/ Phrase

if you do something on your own, you do it with no help from anyone else or with no one else

present

Collocates: on my own | on your own | on his/her/its own | on their own

I enjoy working on my own | she lives on her own | he’s too young to go into the city on his own

paper /ˈpeɪpə(r)/ Noun uncount

paper is thin material that you use to write on or to wrap things in

Collocates: a sheet/piece of paper

a piece of paper | have you got any paper? | lined paper (that has lines already printed on it) |

plain paper (with nothing printed on it yet) | a blank sheet of paper (that you have not written

on yet) | writing paper

pen /pen/ Noun

a pen is an object that you can write with using ink

have you got a black pen? | I left my pen at home | a ballpoint pen (that uses a small ball to put

the ink onto paper) | I need some black ink for my pen | here’s a pen – write your address here

pencil /ˈpens(ə)l/ Noun

a pencil is a long thin object with a black or coloured stick inside that you can write with by

holding it in your hand You can remove what you write with a pencil by using a rubber

can I borrow your pencil | he wrote his notes with a pencil | coloured pencils | a pencil case (for

carrying pens and pencils) | sharpen a pencil (make the point sharper and better to write with) |

write it in pencil

question /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ Noun

a question is something you ask someone because you want them to tell you something What

they say to you is their answer In a test or in school work, a question tries to find out if you

know about something or how much you know about it

Collocates: a question about something | ask a question | answer a question

she asked me a question about my school | the questions in the history test were really difficult |

she couldn’t answer the question | that’s the end of my talk Does anyone have any questions?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations quick /kwɪk/ Adjective

doing something fast or taking only a short time

can you give me a quick call when you’re free? | she’s a quick learner, especially with languages

remember /rɪˈmembə/ Verb

to remember is to have or keep an image in your memory of an event, a person, a place, etc

from the past

I can’t remember where I put my keys | do you remember the first time we met?

Opposite – Verb: forget

I keep forgetting her name!

Phrasal verb: rub out

scissors /ˈsɪzə(r)z/ Noun plural

scissors are a tool with two blades joined together, which you use to cut things like paper or

material

Collocate: a pair of scissors

she was using a pair of scissors to cut her hair | you’ll need paper, scissors, and some glue |

these scissors aren’t very sharp | the younger children were using plastic scissors

see /siː/ Verb

if you see something, you notice it with your eyes

take notes on what you see in the video | did you see Tom’s new car? | I can’t see where we are

on the map | we saw lots of interesting churches in Florence | I haven’t seen that film yet

sit /sɪt/ Verb

if you sit or sit down, you rest with your weight on your bottom

come in and sit down | Simon sits next to Camilla in class | the train was full and there was

nowhere to sit | she sat outside the café waiting for Allie | can I sit here? | the teacher waited

until the children were all sitting down

Opposite – Verb: stand

stand up /stænd ʌp/ Phrasal verb

when you stand up, you rise to an upright position on the feet

please stand up when the judge enters the room | he stood up to stretch his legs

Opposite – Phrasal verb: sit down

students, would you sit down, please?

take /teɪk/ Verb

you can use take with lots of nouns to describe an action The meaning of the action is given by

the noun For example, you can take notes (write down notes), take a shower (wash yourself in

a shower), and take a bus (get on a bus to travel somewhere)

I always carry a pen so I can take notes | take the number 7 bus to the cathedral | I’m going to

take a shower | it’s on the 8th floor, so we’ll take the lift | she took a taxi to the airport | we took

a break (stopped working for a while) after 3 hours

text /tekst/ Noun

a text is a piece of writing, for example in a book or newspaper

read the text, then answer the questions | we had to read

think θɪŋk/ Verb

if you think something, you believe it might be true but you are not sure

the film starts at 7, I think | I think he lives in Leeds | he said he thought the car was blue | do

you think you’d like to live here?

turn off /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈɒf/ Phrasal verb

if you turn off a piece of electrical equipment, you move a switch so that it will stop working

turn your phones off before the lesson starts, please | turn the light off before you go | shall I

turn the TV off? | he turned off the radio and started his homework

Opposite – Phrasal verb: turn on

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations use /juːz/ Verb

if you use something, you do something with it

can I use your phone? | use this towel to dry your hair | use your dictionary to find out what the

words mean | I used the money to buy a bike

word /wɜː(r)d/ Noun

a word is a piece of language that you say or write When you speak, you say words one after

the other in order to create meaning

try to use the words you learn | ‘uncomfortable’ is quite a long word | ‘of’ is a very short word |

what does this word mean? | I don’t know the French word for ‘pavement’ | she looked the word

up in a dictionary | I don’t understand this word

write /raɪt/ Verb

if you write something, you put words down on paper using a pen or pencil, or you put them

on the screen of a computer or phone using a keyboard

I spent the evening writing emails | can you write your address for me? | he wrote me a lovely

letter | I’m writing a story for homework | I tried to write a poem but it wasn’t very good

Noun: writer

Pages 22–23

date of birth /deɪt əv bɜːθ/ Noun

someone’s date of birth is the exact day when they were born, including the day, month, and year

the form asks for your date of birth | your date of birth is required for your passport

application | he shares the same date of birth as me

first name /ˈfɜːst neɪm/ Noun

your first name is the name that was given to you when you were born and which comes

before your family name

when filling out the application, put your first name in this box and your surname in the box

below | I never knew his first name because everyone called him by his nickname

middle name /ˈmɪdəl neɪm/ Noun

a middle name is the name between your first name and your surname

my middle name is the same as my grandmother’s first name | he rarely uses his middle name |

her middle name is Marie

reason /ˈriːzn/ Noun

a reason is the cause or explanation for something that has happened or somebody has done

what reason did she give for leaving her job? | give me one good reason why I should help him?

surname /ˈsɜː(r)ˌneɪm/ Noun

your surname is the name that everyone in your family has

what’s your surname? | Elton John’s real surname is Dwight | she changed her surname when

she got married | Jones is a very common surname in Wales

title /ˈtaɪtəl/ Noun

a title is a word such as ‘Mr’, ‘Mrs’, ‘Ms’, ‘Dr’, etc that is used before someone’s name to show

their marital status or profession

when you write a letter, you should use the correct title for the person | the envelope was

addressed to Ms Arahata

Play

Play can mean different things and you can play different things Look at the examples below

Translate them How many different verbs do you use in your language?

game / sport: she played computer games all evening | I like playing tennis | they played

football in the park | do you know how to play chess? | let’s play a game

children: the kids play in the park | play nicely | she doesn’t want to play | play outside | he

plays by himself for hours

musical instruments: I play the piano | he plays the guitar really well | I can play the violin a

bit | I don’t play anything

music: can I play some music? | I heard music playing outside

act / pretend: Tom Cruise plays the hero in the film | who plays the old woman in the film? |

play dead

3 Home

Pages 28–29

at the end of /æt ði ɛnd ɒv/ Preposition

in the final part of something

the bathroom is at the end of the hallway | we’ll discuss this matter at the end of the meeting |

there’s a surprise at the end of the book

bank /bæŋk/ Noun

a bank is a building that keeps people’s money, and where you can go to get some of your

money when you need it

she works in a bank | there’s a bank opposite the supermarket | the bank isn’t open yet | there

are three banks on the High Street | I need to get some money out of the bank | is there a bank

near here?

between /bɪˈtwiːn/ Preposition

between is in or into the space that separates two places, people, or objects

the cafe is between the bookstore and the florist | I sat between Amy and Sandra at the cinema

birthday card /ˈbɜːθdeɪ kɑːd/ Noun

a birthday card is a greeting card given or sent to a person to celebrate their birthday

I bought a birthday card for my friend | did you write a message in the birthday card?

bookshop /ˈbʊkˌʃɒp/ Noun

a bookshop is a shop that sells books

they have some good books in that bookshop | is there a bookshop near here? | there’s a

bookshop at the airport | I got a job in a bookshop | a second-hand bookshop (selling books

that are not new)

buy /baɪ/ Verb

if you buy something, you give someone money in order to have it

we need to buy a new car | did you buy any flowers? | I’ve got enough money to buy a new

shirt | I bought a newspaper and a book at the station | you can buy all sorts of things on

the internet

car park /ˈkɑː pɑːk/ Noun

a car park is an area or a building where cars can be parked

we left the car in the car park near the shopping centre | the car park was full, so we had to

find street parking

change /tʃeɪndʒ/ Verb

if you change something, you stop having or using it and start having or using a different

thing If you change money, you give someone money from one country and get money from a

different country For example, if someone from France goes to the USA, they probably change

some Euros for American dollars If you change your shirt, you take off one shirt and put on a

different shirt

I went to the bank to change some money | I changed trains at Haywards Heath (got off one

train and got onto a different one) | have I got time to change my clothes? | she changed jobs

last month

chemist /ˈkemɪst/ Noun

a chemist or a chemist’s shop is a shop where you can get medicines and which also sells

things like make- up, sunglasses, etc A chemist is also the person who prepares and sells the

medicines in a chemist’s shop

is there a chemist near here? | she worked in a chemist’s shop | I need to go to the chemist’s to

get some soap | the chemist gave me some advice about my cold

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations corner ˈkɔː(r)nə(r)/ Noun

a corner is a place where two lines, roads, or walls meet

Collocates: on the corner (of a street) | in the corner (of a room)

the shop is on the corner of Church Street and Jackson Lane | she lives in the house on the

corner | I turned the corner into Charlton Street | he was sitting in the corner of the room | you

can leave your bag in the corner

cross /krɒs/ Verb

to cross is to go from one side of something such as a road, river, room, etc., to the other

look both ways before you cross the road | she crossed the street to meet her friend

empty /ˈempti/ Adjective

if something is empty, it contains nothing It is not filled or occupied

the shop is now closed and empty | he found the room completely empty | the streets are

empty late at night

Opposite – Adjective: full

the glass is full of water

factory /ˈfæktri/ Noun

a factory is a big building where things such as cars and machines are made

my dad works in a factory | I’m going to get a job in factory | a car factory | a shoe factory | the

factory employs 200 people

food /fuːd/ Noun uncount

food is things like bread, potatoes, meat, and fish, that you eat in order to stay alive

the food in the hotel was not very good | do you like Italian food (the sort of food people eat in

Italy)? | let’s have some food | I need to buy some food for the weekend | did you give the dog

some food?

forget /fə(r)ˈɡet/ Verb

if you forget something, you do not remember it If you forget to do something, you do not do

it because you did not remember it at the time

Collocates: forget to do something | forget about something

don’t forget to lock the door | I forgot to buy milk | I’ve forgotten her name | did you forget my

birthday again? | she’s always forgetting her scarf | I completely forgot about lunch

Opposite – Verb: remember

Collocates: remember to do something | remember doing something

gift /ɡɪft/ Noun

a gift is something given willingly to someone without payment; a present

Collocates: get a gift | give a gift

I got a book as a gift on my birthday | giving gifts is a part of many cultures around the world

government building ˈɡʌvənmənt ˈbɪldɪŋ/ Noun

a building where government officials work and where government services are provided is

called a government building

the government building is open to the public on weekdays | he works in the government

building downtown

headache ˈhedeɪk/ Noun

if you have a headache, your head hurts, for example because you are ill

Collocate: have a headache

loud noises can give me a headache | I have a terrible headache; I need to rest | she took some

medicine for her headache

in front of /ɪn frʌnt ɒv/ Preposition

the part or side of something that is forward or at the front is in front of

please wait for me in front of the supermarket | the bus stop is in front of the post office | he

parked his car in front of the house

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations left /left/ Noun singular

the left is one of two directions When you write in English, you start on the left of the page

the hotel is in the next street, on the left | I prefer the one on the left | John came and sat on my

left | that’s my uncle on the left of the picture | stay on the left at these traffic lights

Adverb: left | Adjective: left

library /ˈlaɪbrəri/ Noun

a library is a building or room containing collections of books, and sometimes films and

recorded music for use or borrowing by the public or the members of an institution

the university library is open until midnight | children’s story time at the library is on Saturdays

map /mæp/ Noun

a map is a drawing of a place such as a town, city or country which shows the streets, rivers,

mountains, etc

can you show me your street on the map? | a map of Berlin | I’ll never find it without a map | a

street map of London (giving the names of all the streets) | a tourist map | can you read a map? |

the map shows how high the hills are

market /ˈmɑː(r)kɪt/ Noun

a market is an area or event at which people meet to buy and sell goods

we buy our vegetables at the local market every Sunday | the market was crowded with

shoppers looking for bargains

near /nɪə(r)/ Adjective

if something is near somewhere, it is only a short distance away

you need to sit nearer the board | my grandparents live near us – in the next street | the hotel is

near the beach | the restaurant is near the station | Ashford is quite near Canterbury | is there a

bank near here?

next to /nekst tuː/ Preposition

next to, is at the side of; adjacent to

sit next to me during the concert | the pharmacy is next to the bakery

opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ Adjective

something opposite is completely different from something else

our house is opposite the park | sit opposite me so we can talk | the opposite side of the street

has a new café

path /pɑːθ/ Noun

a path is a way or track for walking or made by continual footprints

the path through the woods leads to the lake | we followed the path up the hill

place /pleɪs/ Noun

a place is a particular area where something can be

can you find a place to sit for us | there’s a nice place to eat near here | Ullapool is a great place

to live | they’re building new houses in several places outside the city

post office /pəʊst ˈɒfɪs/ Noun

a post office is a shop where you can buy stamps and send letters

there’s a post office round the corner | excuse me, is there a post office near here? | the post

office closes at 5 o’clock | I need to go to the post office to send a parcel

quiet place /ˈkwaɪət pleɪs/ Noun

a quiet place is a location where there is little or no noise, often needed for concentration

or relaxation

she found a quiet place in the library to study | we were looking for a quiet place to have

a conversation

right /raɪt/ Noun singular

the right is one of two directions When you write in English, you start on the left and your

writing moves towards the right of the page

there’s a museum on this road, on the right | I prefer the one on the right | Alan came and sat

on my right | that’s my aunt on the right of the picture | stay on the right at these traffic lights

Adverb: right | Adjective: right

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations send /send/ Verb

if you send something somewhere, you get someone to take it there for you For example, if

you send a letter or parcel to someone, you pay so that a delivery service will take it to them

If you send an email or text message, you use a computer or mobile phone to make it go to

someone else

Collocates: send something to someone | send someone something

I sent a letter to my aunt | she went to the post office to send a birthday card to her mum | send

me an email with the information | I’ll send you a text when I get to the airport | I want to send

this package to Germany

shoe /ʃuː/ Noun

your shoes are the things that you wear on your feet so that you can walk outside

Collocate: a pair of shoes

a pair of brown shoes | I need some new shoes | he cleaned his shoes before he went out |

my shoes are dirty | she was wearing red shoes | he took his shoes off | I sat down to put my

shoes on

shorts /ʃɔːts/ Noun plural

shorts are trousers that end above the knee or halfway down the thigh

Collocate: wear shorts

it’s hot, so I’m wearing shorts today | he packed several pairs of shorts for the holiday | the dress

code says no shorts are allowed in the restaurant

sports centre /ˈspɔː(r)ts sentə(r)/ Noun

a sports centre is a large building where people can go and do sports, such as swimming or

basketball

there’s a good sports centre near my house | the sports centre opens at seven in the morning |

it costs £10 to get into my local sports centre

stop /stɒp/ Noun

a stop is a specific place where buses or trains stop to pick up and drop off passengers

Collocate: bus stop

get off at the next bus stop | there’s a stop just outside the school

store /stɔː(r)/ Noun

a store is a shop, especially a large shop

a department store (a large shop which sells a lot of different things in different departments) |

Tesco opened 20 new stores last year | a clothes store

street /street/ Noun

a street is a road in a town or city with buildings on each side

I live in Church Street | there are two bookshops in this street | we walked along the street

looking for a post office | one of the oldest streets in Paris | a woman stopped me in the street

and asked me where the station was

swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ Noun uncount

swimming is the activity of moving in the water using your arms and legs

Collocates: swimming pool | swimming costume

I love swimming | we go swimming every Saturday | a swimming pool (a big hole in the ground

full of water which people can swim in) | a swimming costume (what people wear when they

go swimming)

Verb: swim

theatre /ˈθɪətə(r)/ Noun

a theatre is a building where people can go to see a play

we’re going to the theatre tomorrow | the theatre is on Drury Lane | I enjoy going to the theatre |

we had the best seats in the theatre

toothbrush ˈtuːθbrʌʃ/ Noun

a brush for cleaning the teeth is called a toothbrush

remember to pack your toothbrush | I need to buy a new toothbrush | he forgot his toothbrush

on the trip

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ Noun

transport is a system or means of conveying people or goods from place to place by vehicle,

aircraft, or ship

public transport in the city is very efficient | heavy goods are often transported by train or ship

turn /tɜː(r)n/ Noun

if people take turns to do something, one person does it, then another person does it, and so

on, so that everyone has the chance to do it

Collocates: take turns to do something | take turns doing something | take turns with

something | someone’s turn to do something

whose turn is it to wash the dishes? | it’s my turn to sit in the front seat | we took turns with the

camera | they take turns to clean the bathroom

turn /tɜː(r)n/ Verb

to change direction or to move into a different position is to turn

Collocates: turn left/right

turn left at the next street | you need to turn right at the traffic lights

try /traɪ/ Verb

if you try to do something, you make an effort to do it although you are not sure if you

will succeed

Collocates: try to do something | try and do something

try to use the words you learn | we always try to help each other | I’m trying to stop smoking |

the dog was trying to escape | the police are trying to understand what happened

Pages 30–31

apartment /əˈpɑː(r)tmənt/ Noun

an apartment is a group of rooms on one floor of a building, where someone lives The usual

British word is flat

we shared an apartment in Gas Street | a two-bedroom apartment in Paris | a city-centre

apartment | there’s an apartment for sale in the next building

area /ˈeəriə/ Noun

an area is part of a country or place

the Lake District is a beautiful area | it’s a nice area to live in | there are lots of theatres in this

area of the city | Chelsea is a fashionable area of London | I’ve lived in this area all my life | my

brother moved into the area last year (started to live there)

balcony /ˈbælkəni/ Noun

a balcony is a space outside a window upstairs where you can sit or stand

I stood on the balcony watching the traffic | we keep pots of flowers on the balcony | our hotel

room had a lovely large balcony | I have a balcony where I can hang the washing

bathroom ˈbɑːθˌruːm/ Noun

a bathroom is a room in a house where you can wash and have a bath or shower

my bedroom has its own small bathroom | a big bathroom | the bathroom is upstairs | there’s a

bathroom downstairs | the bathroom only has a shower | the bathroom mirror

broken /ˈbrəʊ.kən/ Adjective

if something is broken, it has been fractured or damaged and is no longer in one piece or in

working order

I can’t use this chair, it’s broken | he had a broken arm from playing football

clean /kliːn/ Verb

if you clean something, you remove the dirt from it, for example by wiping or washing it

you need to clean your bedroom | I cleaned the house | clean the floor | clean the windows |

have you cleaned your teeth? | clean your shoes | clean the car

Adjective: clean | Noun: cleaning

come round /kʌm raʊnd/ Phrasal verb

to visit someone at their house is to come round

why don’t you come round after work? | she’s going to come round for tea on Sunday | my

friends often come round for dinner

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations cupboard /ˈkʌbə(r)d/ Noun

a cupboard is a piece of furniture with a door and shelves, where you can keep things inside

your house or flat

put it back in the cupboard | a cupboard under the sink | the plates are in the cupboard |

a kitchen cupboard | I found my shirt at the back of a cupboard | she found some old photos

in a cupboard

dead /ded/ Adjective

if someone or something is dead, it is no longer alive

the battery in the TV remote is dead | we found a dead bird outside this morning | the flowers

in the vase are starting to look dead | he was dead by the time they got to the hospital | a dead

body | the policeman told us my uncle was dead

Opposite – Adjective: alive

dishes /dɪʃɪz/ Noun plural

the dishes are the plates, cups, bowls, etc that you use during a meal After the meal, you

wash the dishes

Collocates: wash the dishes | dirty dishes

it’s your turn to wash the dishes | put the dirty dishes in the sink | a pile of dishes | let’s leave the

dishes till later – I want to watch TV

dog /dɒɡ/ Noun

a dog is an animal with fur, four legs and a tail, that people keep as a pet

I’ve got a dog called Fido | take the dog for a walk | a dog was barking outside (was making a

noise with its voice) | a friendly dog | a fierce dog (that is ready to fight) | a tin of dog food (food

for a dog to eat) | a pet dog

eat /iːt/ Verb

when you eat food, you put it into your mouth and then take it down into your stomach

she doesn’t eat meat | I need to eat something | what did you eat for lunch? | he ate a whole

cake | I’ve had nothing to eat all day | what time shall we eat?

family /ˈfæm(ə)li/ Noun

your family are your mother, father, brothers, sisters, etc.

our family home is in Milan | there are five of us in our family, my parents, my two sisters, and

me | my first name is Juan and my family name is Hernandez | she came from a big family |

they’re a lovely family | a family holiday (when everyone in the family goes on holiday together) |

an extended family (including grandparents, aunts or uncles, cousins, etc.)

fridge /frɪdʒ/ Noun

a fridge is a large piece of kitchen equipment which keeps food at a low temperature so that it

will stay fresh for longer

put the butter back in the fridge | I never keep eggs in the fridge | there’s a full bottle of milk in

the fridge | we have a fridge in the kitchen and another in the garage

furniture /ˈfɜː(r)nɪtʃə(r)/ Noun uncount

furniture is things like chairs, tables, wardrobes, etc that you have in your home

his dad runs a furniture shop | we bought some new bedroom furniture | antique furniture (very

old and valuable) | there wasn’t much furniture in the room – just a bed and a chair | that’s a

nice piece of furniture | the furniture department is on the ground floor

happen ˈhæpən/ Verb

to happen is to take place or occur

what happens at the end of the story? | accidents can happen if you’re not careful | it happened

one sunny afternoon

help /help/ Verb

if you help someone, you do something that makes it easier for them to do something or

succeed in something

Collocates: help someone with something | help someone to do something

can you help me? | I’ll help you with your homework | she helped me to find a job | thank you

for helping me | he’s always willing to help

Noun: help

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations keep /kiːp/ Verb

if you keep something in the same condition, you do not let it change

I keep the room tidy | I’ll keep your dinner hot till you get home | she kept her room warm by

leaving the heating on all night | take an umbrella so that you keep dry

kitchen /ˈkɪtʃən/ Noun

a kitchen is a room where people prepare and cook food for eating

we usually have breakfast in the kitchen | the kitchen gets very hot in summer | the kitchen

sink | a kitchen cupboard | I’ve always wanted a modern kitchen | we spend a lot of time in

the kitchen

lazy /ˈleɪzi/ Adjective

someone who is lazy does not like working or making any effort to do things A lazy afternoon,

evening, etc is an afternoon or evening when you relax and do not do any work or anything

that needs effort

I’m too lazy to cook for myself | he’s so lazy! Still in bed at 12 o’clock | his teachers told his

mother he was lazy | don’t be so lazy! Come and help us | we spent a lazy afternoon watching TV

living room ˈlɪvɪŋ ruːm/ Noun

the living room is the room in a house where people spend most of their time when they are

awake, reading, watching TV, playing computer games, etc

there’s a big sofa in the living room | a lovely bright living room | we need to tidy the living

room before the guests arrive | our living room is 5 metres long | they had TVs in the living room

and kitchen

most /məʊst/ Determiner

the most is the majority of; nearly all of

she does most of the cooking and cleaning in their house | most people agree that exercise is

beneficial | most of the guests had left by 10 o’clock

put /pʊt/ Verb

if you put something somewhere, you take it to a place and leave it there

put the cheese in the fridge | she put her coat on the bed | where shall I put the flowers? | put

the plates on the table, please | he put everything back in the cupboard | you need to put more

salt in the soup

rent /rent/ Verb

to rent is to pay or receive a fixed amount of money for the use of a room, house, car,

television, etc

they rent accommodation near the university | how much do you pay in rent each month? | he’s

looking to rent a flat in the city centre

repair /rɪˈpeə/ Verb

when you repair something, you fix or mend a thing that is damaged or faulty

the mechanic repaired my car | the roof needs to be repaired before the rainy season starts

right /raɪt/ Adjective

if something is right, it’s true or correct

you’re right, the shop is closed on Mondays | it’s the right thing to do in this situation

roof /ruːf/ Noun

the roof is the structure which forms the upper cover of a building or vehicle

the roof of the house needs repairing | they sat on the roof to watch the sunset

share ʃeə(r)/ Verb

if you share something with someone, you both use it or have it If you share a house or flat

with someone, you both live in the same house or flat

I share a bedroom with my brother | she’s sharing a house with three other students | he never

shares his toys with his sister | do you want to share my sandwich?

sofa /ˈsəʊfə/ Noun

a sofa is a long, soft chair that two or more people can sit on at the same time

there’s a big sofa in the living room | they sat down on the sofa | we need to buy a new sofa |

she lay on the sofa for a few minutes | a comfortable sofa | we sat on the sofa watching TV

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations space /speɪs/ Noun uncount

space is an area or place that is free, available, or unoccupied

there’s more space at my parent’s home than in my apartment | we need to create more space

for the new furniture

spend /spend/ Verb

if you spend time doing something, a period of time passes while you are doing it If you spend

money on something, you pay money in order to buy it

she spent hours putting on her make-up | I spent a year in France after I left university | how do

you spend your free time (what do you do then)? | we spent the afternoon watching TV | he felt

ill and spent the whole day in bed | she spent £100 on a new jacket | how much money did you

spend at the shop?

table ˈteɪb(ə)l/ Noun

a table is a piece of furniture with a flat top that you can put things on

a dining table (for eating meals) | there was a vase of flowers on the table | the coin fell under

the table | lay the table (put knives and forks on a table ready for a meal) | the kitchen table |

he spilled a bottle of milk all over the table

take /teɪk/ Verb

if something takes a certain amount of time, that much time passes while it is happening

it takes an hour to get there | it’ll take ages (a long time) | take your time (don’t hurry) | it will

take 30 minutes to cook the cake | it took years for me to learn Russian

talk /tɔːk/ Verb

when you talk, you speak words to someone and they say things in return

Collocates: talk to someone | talk about something

we talked until 2 in the morning | I’ve just been talking to Jeff | he’s always talking about his

children | he’s a nice man but he talks too much | I need to talk to you | let’s talk later

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ Adjective

if a room is tidy, the things in it are in their place and it is very neat If a person is tidy, they are

good at keeping their things neat and well organized

Nick’s room is always very tidy | I’m not a very tidy person | make sure your room is tidy before

you go out | the house isn’t very tidy | I try to keep my room tidy

Verb: tidy || Opposite – Adjective: untidy

wash /wɒʃ/ Verb

if you wash something, you make it clean by using water and sometimes soap

I need to wash my hands | it’s your turn to wash the dishes after dinner | she washed her hair in

the shower | let’s wash the car before it gets dark | he spent the afternoon washing clothes

Noun: wash

Collocates: have a wash | give something a wash

washing /ˈwɒʃɪŋ/ Noun uncount

washing is clothes that have been worn and are now waiting to be washed or have just

been washed

Collocate: dirty washing

hang the washing out to dry | the washing is still in the machine | leave your washing in the

bathroom | a pile of dirty washing | the clean washing was in a pile on the table

Pages 32–33

baby ˈbeɪbi/ Noun

a baby is a very young child, especially one newly or recently born

they just had a baby girl | the baby woke up several times during the night

back /bæk/ Adverb

you use back with some verbs to say that something returns where it came from If you come

back, you return If you give something back, you give it to the person who gave it to you If

you send something back, you send it to the person or place who sent it to you If you put

something back, you put it where it was before

you’re back | put it back in the cupboard | can I borrow your bike? I’ll give it back tomorrow |

Malcolm borrowed my pen and I never got it back

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations board /bɔː(r)d/ Noun

a board is a large flat sheet of wood or plastic in a classroom where the teacher can write things

or show pictures or text from a computer

I can’t see the board | the board is connected to the internet | she wrote the essay title on the

board | come and write the answer on the board

break /breɪk/ Verb

if you break something, you damage it badly so that it doesn’t work any more or so that it goes

into lots of pieces

I can’t walk across it without breaking something | I dropped a plate and broke it | who broke

my cup? | please don’t break it | he broke the window with a football | how did you break

your phone?

Adjective: broken

brush /brʌʃ/ Verb

a brush is an object with thin, stiff pieces of plastic, wire, or hair which you use to clean things

or make your hair tidy If you brush something, you clean it or tidy it using a brush

you should brush your teeth twice a day | it takes ages to brush my hair | Dan brushed the dirt

off his coat

Noun: brush

call /kɔːl/ Verb

if you call someone, you phone them

I called my mum, but she didn’t answer | call me tomorrow after school | I’ll call you this

evening | can I call you back later? | don’t call me when I’m at work

Noun: call

Collocate: give someone a call

check /tʃek/ Verb

to check is to look at something carefully to make sure it is correct or safe

check that all the windows are closed before you leave | he checked his pockets for his keys | I’ll

check the schedule and confirm the meeting time

empty /ˈempti/ Adjective

if something is empty, it contains nothing It is not filled or occupied

the shop is now closed and empty | he found the room completely empty | the streets are

empty late at night

Opposite – Adjective: full

the glass is full of water

engineer /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə/ Noun

an engineer is a person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures

he’s an engineer who works on bridges | we need to call an engineer to fix the boiler | the

engineer solved the problem with the computer network

fall over /fɔːl ˈəʊvər/ Phrasal verb

to fall over means you lose your balance and collapse

he tripped and fell over | someone left a bag in the hallway and I almost fell over it

find /faɪnd/ Verb

if you can’t find something, you are looking for it but do not get it because you don’t know

where it is If you find it, you get it after looking for it

I can’t find my keys | I’m trying to find my passport | can you help me find the map? | did you

find your phone?

floor /flɔː/ Noun

the floor is the lower surface of a room, that you walk on

Collocate: on the floor

she dropped the keys on the floor | we sat on the floor to play the game

glass ɡlɑːs/ Noun uncount

glass is a hard, usually clear, substance, used to make windows, drinking containers, and

other things

be careful of the broken glass on the floor | she poured herself a glass of water | the artist

created a beautiful sculpture out of glass

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations glasses ˈɡlɑːsɪz/ Noun plural

glasses are a pair of lenses in a frame that rests on the nose and ears, used to correct poor

eyesight or protect the eyes

I can’t read the book without my glasses | she left her glasses on the table | he cleaned his

glasses with a cloth

go out ˌɡəʊ ˈaʊt/ Phrasal verb

if you go out, you leave your home to go somewhere

do you want to go out? | we often go out for a walk at the weekend

look /lʊk/ Verb

when you look, you use your eyes to see something If you look in a mirror, you see yourself in

there When you look at something, you pay attention to it with your eyes When you look for

something, you use your eyes to try to see where it is

Collocates: look at something or someone | look for something or someone

he looked in the mirror to make sure his hair was tidy | he looked at the picture on the wall |

who were you looking at? | she was looking for her keys | can you help me look for my shoes?

Noun: look

make /meɪk/ Verb

to make means to create, form, or produce something, for example a friendship or dinner

she had made a new friend at school | can you make a cup of tea, please?

mess /mes/ Noun singular

a mess is an untidy place with lots of rubbish and things that are not wanted

Collocates: be in a mess | make a mess

Costa’s room is always a mess | your bedroom is such a mess! | the whole house was in a mess

after the party | the flat’s a bit of a mess at the moment | don’t make a mess in the kitchen

Adjective: messy

moment /ˈməʊmənt/ Noun

if you talk about something happening at the moment, you mean it is happening now but

won’t be happening after a while

Collocate: at the moment

he can’t drive at the moment | I’m not very well at the moment | he’s out of work at the

moment (doesn’t have a job) | Tom’s out at the moment; he’ll be back at 7 | my car isn’t

working at the moment | I feel really happy at the moment

move /muːv/ Verb

if you move, you change the position you are sitting or standing in If you move something, you

take it from where it is and put it somewhere else

can you move? I can’t see the board | she moved away from the window | he moved towards

the door | we need to move the armchair | I need some help moving the fridge

pick up /ˈpɪk ʌp/ Phrasal verb

to pick something up is to lift something or someone up; to collect or tidy up

can you pick up the toys from the floor? | I’ll pick you up at 8 o’clock

room /ruːm/ Noun

a room is a space in a building which has walls and a door to keep it separate from the rest of

the building

I have to share a room with my brother | our house has four rooms downstairs | it’s a lovely big

room | there’s a carpet in every room | do you have a key for your room? | a spare room (which

can be used by guests when they come to stay)

shelf /ʃelf/ Noun

a shelf is a flat board on a wall or as part of a piece of furniture and which you put things on

The plural is shelves

Collocate: on the shelf | the top shelf | the bottom shelf

he put the books back on the shelf | we need to put up some more shelves for storage | the

shelves in the supermarket were nearly empty at the end of the day

side /saɪd/ Noun

a side is position to the left or right of an object, place, or central point

that’s my side of the room | which side of the bed do you sleep on? | stay on your side of the sofa!

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations the heating /ðiːˈhiːtɪŋ/ Noun

the system used to keep a building warm is the heating

Collocate: turn on/off the heating

can you turn on the heating, please? | the heating comes on automatically at 6 o’clock |

we need to get the heating fixed before winter

toilet /ˈtɔɪlɪt/ Noun

a toilet is a bowl-shaped thing in a bathroom which disposes of human waste

Collocate: go to the toilet

go to the toilet before we leave the house | the toilet is down the hall on the right | we need to

clean the toilet regularly

toy /tɔɪ/ Noun

a toy is an object that children play with

a wooden toy | the toy section of a department store | children have so many toys these days |

a toy cupboard (where children’s toys are kept) | the children were playing with their toys | you

have to learn to share your toys | a toy car | a toy shop (a shop that sells toys)

turn on /tɜːn ɒn/ Phrasal verb

to turn something on is to start the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc by moving a switch or

button

turn on the heating, it’s cold in here | please turn on the lights

Opposite – Phrasal verb: turn off

can you turn off that music?

wait /weɪt/ Verb

if you wait for something, you stay somewhere until it happens or arrives

Collocates: wait for something | wait to do something

the restaurant is full at the moment so we’ll have to wait | she was waiting to buy some stamps |

we waited half an hour at the bus stop | I’ve been waiting a long time for an answer | a long

queue of people waiting for tickets | can you wait outside, please?

Noun: wait

washing machine /ˈwɒʃɪŋ məˈʃiːn/ Noun

a washing machine is a machine for washing clothes, bed sheets, etc.

why is the washing machine so loud? | the washing machine broke

work /wɜːk/ Verb

if something works, it performs a task or tasks

the heating isn’t working, it’s so cold in here | he works very hard at the office every day | this

old watch doesn’t work anymore

4 Time off

Pages 36–37

cold /kəʊld/ Noun

a cold is an illness When you have a cold, it’s difficult to breathe through your nose and you

sneeze a lot, but it’s not a very serious illness

Collocates: have a cold | catch/get a cold | a bad cold | a heavy cold

I had a bad cold and didn’t go to work | you’ll catch cold (start to have a cold) if you stay

outside in the rain | he’s in bed with a heavy cold | I don’t want to give you my cold | I think I’m

getting a cold | she had a cold all last week

fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ Adjective

when someone or something is fantastic, it is extremely good

the weather was fantastic for the picnic | she did a fantastic job on the project | that’s a

fantastic idea, let’s do it

festival ˈfestɪv(ə)l/ Noun

a festival is a period of time during which a lot of events take place somewhere, such as

concerts, theatre performances, films etc

Collocates: a music/jazz/rock/theatre festival

we went to a three-day rock festival | the festival is held every year in August | Glastonbury

Festival takes place on a farm in Somerset | a festival of classical music | did you get tickets for

the festival? | 20,000 people came to the festival

free /friː/ Adjective

if something is free, you can have it and do not have to pay for it

Collocate: for free

there was a free concert in the park | tickets are free | children are allowed into the exhibition

free | the museum is free on Sundays | he gave it to us for free | you get a free drink if you buy

a meal here

ill /ɪl/ Adjective

if you are ill, you are not well and have a problem with your health

Collocates: be taken ill | fall ill | feel ill | be seriously ill

I’ve been feeling ill all afternoon | I was too ill to go to school | he was taken ill last night (he

suddenly became ill) | she’s still seriously ill (very ill) in hospital | he fell ill and died while he was

on holiday

Noun: illness || Opposite – Adjective: well

Collocate: get well

lake /leɪk/ Noun

a lake is a large area of water, like a sea, but with land all around it

we rented a boat and went on the lake | she swam in the lake | the lake is very deep | we stayed

in a hotel by the lake | Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world

more or less /ˌmɔːr ɔːr ˈles/ Binomial

more or less means to some extent; quite; fairly

are you OK now? yes, more or less | the room was more or less how I remembered it | we’ve

more or less finished the project

nature /ˈneɪtʃə/ Noun uncount

nature is all the plants, animals and things that exists that are not made by people

I watched a TV show about nature and learned about rainforests | we should spend more time

out in nature | nature is full of beauty and wonders

Adjective: natural

a natural environment

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations party /ˈpɑː(r)ti/ Noun

a party is an event where people enjoy themselves by doing things like drinking, eating,

dancing, and talking to each other

Collocates: throw a party | have a party

we had a party at the weekend | an invitation to a party | we decided to throw a party (have a

party) | a birthday party | the party went on till 4 in the morning | are you coming to the party

on Saturday?

picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ Noun

a picnic is a meal that you take with you to eat outside, usually out in the country

we went for a picnic in the park | they had a picnic on the beach | let’s take a picnic with us |

a picnic lunch | we’ll have a picnic if it doesn’t rain | who wants to come on a picnic?

rent /rent/ Verb

if you rent a boat, a bike, or a car, you pay money to be able to use it for a period of time If

you rent a house or flat, you pay money to the owner so that you can live in it

we rented a boat on the lake | she rented a car for a week | they rented a house near the

beach | we rented for several years but finally bought our own house last month | let’s rent

some bikes for the afternoon

Noun: rent

repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ Verb

if you repeat something, you do it or say it again

parrots can repeat sounds (they can copy them) | I can’t hear you, can you repeat that, please? |

you don’t want to repeat the same mistake

show ʃəʊ/ Verb

if you show someone something, you let them see it and explain things about it to them

Collocates: show someone round somewhere | show someone something | show something to

someone

I showed them round the city | will you show me your photos? | let me show you my new

jacket | John will show you where the bathroom is | she showed me the garden | I showed the

book to my teacher

usual ˈjuːʒʊəl/ Adjective

something that is usual happens normally or regularly

Collocate: as usual

we played tennis, watched TV, all the usual things | she got up at 7 as usual | let’s meet in the

usual place (the same place where we always meet) | it was much hotter than usual

Adverb: usually || Opposite – Adjective: unusual

Pages 38–39

B&B ˌbiː ən ˈbiː/ Noun

B&B means bed and breakfast A bed and breakfast is a private house or small hotel where you

pay for a room to sleep in and have breakfast the next morning

we stayed at a lovely B&B in the countryside | they run a B&B by the seaside | a B&B can be a

more personal alternative to a hotel

birthday ˈbɜː(r)θdeɪ/ Noun

your birthday is the day you were born, which you celebrate every year on the same day

my birthday is in February | a birthday party | a birthday present | a birthday surprise | when

is your birthday? | my birthday is on a Saturday this year | happy birthday! (what you say to

someone on their birthday) | it’s his 21st birthday tomorrow

bit /bɪt/ Noun

a bit is a short period of time

Collocates: for a bit | a bit

I’m going out for a bit | can you wait a bit longer?

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations car /kɑː(r)/ Noun

a car is a machine that has an engine and four wheels, and that can carry people on the roads

we rented a car for a week | my car is outside | you can park your car in my garage | I have to

sell my car | I never learned to drive a car | there’s something wrong with the car | she wouldn’t

lend him her car

castle /ˈkɑːsəl/ Noun

a castle is a large building with thick walls, towers, and often water surrounding it It was built

in the past by kings or queens to defend themselves from attack

the old castle is a popular tourist attraction | they visited the ruins of the castle | the castle

stands on a hill overlooking the river

chat /tʃæt/ Verb

to chat is to talk in a friendly and informal way

Collocates: chat about | chat with

let’s chat over coffee sometime | they chatted about their holiday plans | he’s chatting with

his dad

Noun: chat

I had a nice chat with my neighbour this morning

cycling /ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ Noun

cycling is the sport or activity of riding a bicycle

cycling is a good way to keep fit | they go cycling in the countryside every weekend | the city

has introduced new cycling lanes

Verb: cycle

he cycles to work every day

decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ Verb

if you decide something, you choose what action to take after thinking about it

Collocates: decide to do something | decide that | decide on something | decide what/where/how

we decided to go to the cinema | she decided that she would try to get a new job | have

you decided where you are going to university? | I can’t decide what to do | I decided to stay

another week in London | I can’t decide on the best colour to paint my bedroom | he still hasn’t

decided how to spend his birthday money

Noun: decision

Collocates: a decision about something | make a decision

fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ Adjective

when someone or something is fantastic, it is extremely good

the weather was fantastic for the picnic | she did a fantastic job on the project | that’s a

fantastic idea, let’s do it

fly /flaɪ/ Verb

if you fly somewhere, you go there in a plane

we flew to Helsinki | I’d rather go by train than fly | you can fly direct from London to Seattle

(without stopping on the way) | we flew economy to Berlin (we had the cheapest possible

tickets) | I’ve only once flown business class (in more comfortable and more expensive seats) |

British Airways flies to over 300 different airports in the world

Noun: flight

fun /fʌn/ Adjective

if something is fun, you enjoy it a lot

Seoul is a fun city | she’s such a fun person to be with | we had a really fun evening with

our neighbours

Noun: fun

Collocates: have fun | great fun

get in ˌɡet ˈɪn/ Phrasal verb

if you get in somewhere, you go from the outside of it to the inside of it

I lost my key and had to break a window to get in the house | they got in through a window at

the back | she got in the car and drove to work | you can’t get in without a key | how did the

thieves get in? | hurry up and get in the car

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations.

go away ɡəʊ əˈweɪ/ Phrasal verb

to go away means to leave a place or person’s company

we’re planning to go away for the weekend | sometimes you just need to go away and think

things over

Opposite: stay at home

I prefer to stay at home than to go out in the evenings

holiday ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ Noun

a holiday is a period of time when you do not have to work If you go on holiday, you go and

stay somewhere away from where you live in order to have a nice time

Collocate: go on holiday

we usually go to Spain on holiday | have you been on holiday this year? | where are you

going on holiday? | I only get two weeks’ holiday a year | a public holiday (a day when all the

businesses in a country are closed for a special celebration) | a summer holiday | we had a lovely

holiday in Wales

own əʊn/ Adjective

when someone or something is on its own, it belongs to or is done by someone alone

Collocate: on your own

she decided to go to the cinema on her own | he bought his own car with the money he saved

rain /reɪn/ Verb

when it rains, water falls out of the sky in drops

Collocates: rain heavily | rain hard

it’s raining again | it always rains when we go to Manchester | I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow |

it rained for hours in the night | I think it’s going to start raining | has it stopped raining yet? |

it rained heavily all afternoon | it rained hard then cleared after half an hour

Noun: rain | Adjective: rainy

Collocate: heavy rain

relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/ Adjective

when something or someone is relaxing, it is helping you to rest, especially after work or effort

listening to music is very relaxing | they spent a relaxing day at the spa | the relaxing sound of

the waves helped him sleep

Verb: relax

I need to relax this weekend

sheep /ʃiːp/ Noun

a sheep is an animal with a wool coat and four legs Sheep are used to provide wool and meat,

which is called lamb The word sheep is used as the singular and also as the plural: one sheep,

two sheep

we saw a lot of sheep in Ireland | a field full of sheep | can you see the sheep up on the hill? |

a sheep farmer | the sheep have just been shorn (they have had their coats cut off for wool) | a flock

of sheep (a group of sheep together)

sightseeing /ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/ Noun uncount

if you go sightseeing, you go around somewhere looking at the interesting buildings and places

that tourists like to see

Collocates: a sightseeing tour | go sightseeing

we went on a sightseeing tour down the river | on Saturday you can choose between going

sightseeing or going shopping | we went sightseeing every day in Lisbon | they spent the day

sightseeing

Noun: sightseer

special ˈspeʃəl/ Adjective

when something or someone is special, it is better than, or different from, what is usual

they went out for a special meal on their anniversary | she didn’t do anything special for her

birthday | the festival has a special significance for the local community

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations stay /steɪ/ Verb

if you stay somewhere, you live there for a short while

we stayed in a hotel in Paris for a week | I’m staying with my brother for a few days | where did

you stay in New York? | well, they can’t stay here – we haven’t got enough room | how long did

you stay there?

Noun: stay

tour /tʊə/ Noun

a tour is a journey for pleasure in which people visit several different places

Collocates: on tour | guided tour

they went on a tour of the old town | the band is going on tour next month | we booked a

guided tour of the museum

trip /trɪp/ Noun

a trip is a journey you make somewhere

how was your trip to Korea? | did you have a good trip? | we’re planning a trip to see the Taj

Mahal in India | a three-week trip across the US | the round trip took 12 hours (a journey that

returns to where you started from) | a day trip to Stratford (a trip for just one day) | a school trip

(an organized visit to somewhere interesting)

warm /wɔː(r)m/ Adjective

if it is warm, the temperature is quite high, but it is not hot

come in, the sea’s lovely and warm | it’s going to be warm and sunny tomorrow | a warm

summer’s day | it’s usually quite warm here in April | make sure you bring some warm clothes

(that will keep you warm)

weather ˈweðə(r)/ Noun uncount

the weather is the conditions outside, such as the temperature and if there is wind, rain, sun, etc.

Collocates: fine weather | good weather

the weather is usually good in August | what’s the weather like in Delhi? | did you have

good weather on your holiday? | the weather turned cold | we had bad weather last week |

the weather’s lovely today | we had a week of fine weather in Scotland

whole /həʊl/ Adjective

whole means all of, full or complete

I’ve been waiting the whole time | she spent the whole day cleaning the house

wonderful /ˈwʌndəfʊl/ Adjective

when something is wonderful, it is extremely good

they had a wonderful time on their holiday | it’s wonderful to see you again

worried /ˈwʌrid/ Adjective

when you are worried, you are thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or might

happen and are therefore feeling unhappy or afraid

he was worried about the exam results | she’s worried that she won’t make it on time

Verb: worry

I worry about him

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celebrate ˈseləˌbreɪt/ Verb

if you celebrate something special like a birthday or anniversary, you do something for pleasure

like have a party or go to a restaurant

we’re going to celebrate her birthday with a weekend in Bratislava | July 4th is a public holiday

to celebrate American independence from Britain | my parents are celebrating their 20th

wedding anniversary (they have been married for exactly 20 years) | I passed all my exams and

now I’m going to celebrate

Noun: celebration

clear /klɪə(r)/ Adjective

if it is clear, there are not many clouds in the sky and there is a lot of light outside

the weather was very clear and sunny | a lovely clear day | a clear sky (with no clouds at all)

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations cloud /klaʊd/ Noun

clouds are the white or grey things up in the sky which can drop rain onto the ground

there wasn’t a cloud in the sky | we could just see the moon through the clouds | there were

thick clouds in the distance | black clouds | rain clouds | pretty white clouds floated across

the sky

Adjective: cloudy

fire ˈfaɪə(r)/ Noun

a fire is a pile of burning wood or other things that produces flames and heat

Collocates: catch fire | light a fire | set fire to something

we had a fire on the beach | we sat around the fire and sang songs | his clothes caught fire

(started to burn) | the factory was badly damaged in the fire | we decided to light a fire in the

garden | somebody set fire (started a fire) to his car

flower /ˈflaʊə(r)/ Noun

flowers are the coloured parts of a plant or tree that appear once a year for a while People use

flowers to make a room look nice

Collocate: a bunch of flowers

he gave her a bunch of flowers on her birthday | pick some flowers (take them off the plant) |

put the flowers in a vase | those flowers smell lovely | I grow flowers in the garden

envelope /ˈɛnvələʊp/ Noun

an envelope is a flat paper container for sending a letter It has a part that folds over and sticks

to close it

he put the letter in an envelope | there’s an envelope on the table with your name on it

go away /ɡəʊ əˈweɪ/ Phrasal verb

to go away means to leave a place or person’s company

we’re planning to go away for the weekend | sometimes you just need to go away and think

things over

Opposite: stay at home

I prefer to stay at home than to go out in the evenings

laugh /lɑːf/ Verb

if you laugh, you make a noise that shows you think something is funny

Collocates: laugh at someone | laugh about something

we sang songs and laughed a lot | I couldn’t stop laughing | she tried not to laugh | he’s always

laughing at me (saying he thinks I’m silly) | we laughed about it afterwards | everyone laughed

at his jokes | she burst out laughing (suddenly started to laugh)

Noun: laugh

life /laɪf/ Noun

life is the existence of an individual human being or animal The plural of life is lives

every year we celebrate the lives of our loved ones who have passed | she wants to travel the

world and experience life to the fullest

luck /lʌk/ Noun

luck is good things that happen to you by chance rather than through your own actions or

abilities

Collocate: good luck

she opened the windows for good luck before the exam | he wished her luck for her driving test

Adjective: lucky

he was lucky he didn’t hit any traffic on his way here

miss /mɪs/ Verb

if you miss something, you are not there when it happens or arrives If you miss a day of school,

you are not there, for example because you are ill If you miss a plane or train, you arrive at the

station or airport after your train or plane has already left

I missed the train and was late for work | I was in Norway last week so I missed my dad’s birthday

| hurry up or you’ll miss the plane | we missed the first 10 minutes of the film

Use the Text Notes tool to add your own notes and translations mother’s day ˈmʌðəz deɪ/ Noun

Mother’s Day is a day that celebrates mothers Mothers traditionally received cards and gifts

from their children

I bought flowers for my mum on Mother’s Day | we always have a family meal on Mother’s Day

national /ˈnæʃ(ə)nəl/ Adjective

something that is national involves the whole of a country or is available in the whole country,

not just a part of it

a national dance festival | we wore our national clothes | a national football competition |

Churchill was a national hero during the war | a national newspaper | the national football

team | politicians from national and local government

Collocates: day off | time off

I’m taking the day off work tomorrow | the bus stop is just off the main road | she’s taking

some time off from studying

paint /peɪnt/ Verb

to paint means to cover a surface or object with paint

the children love to paint their faces for parties | we’re going to paint the living room this

weekend | she paints as a hobby

picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ Noun

a picnic is a meal that you take with you to eat outside, usually out in the country

we went for a picnic in the park | they had a picnic on the beach | let’s take a picnic with us |

a picnic lunch | we’ll have a picnic if it doesn’t rain | who wants to come on a picnic?

sing /sɪŋ/ Verb

to sing means to make musical sounds with your voice Often you sing a song

she loves to sing in the shower | they sang happy birthday to him | he can sing very well and

often performs at local events

skiing ˈskiːɪŋ/ Noun

skiing is the activity or sport of moving over snow on skis

they enjoy skiing in the Alps every winter | she broke her leg while skiing

Verb: ski

I’ve never skied before

sky /skaɪ/ Noun

the sky is everything above you when you are outside On a nice day, the sky is blue You can

see the sun and the moon in the sky

there wasn’t a cloud in the sky | the sky was blue | in the morning there was a clear sky | a cloudy

sky | Sunday will bring sunny skies and warmer temperatures

snow /snəʊ/ Noun uncount

snow is very cold, white rain that falls from the sky and lies on the ground

Collocates: heavy snow | fresh snow

the garden was covered in fresh snow | there was heavy snow last night | it’s unusual to have

snow in April | the airport was closed because of snow | we walked through the deep snow |

20 centimetres of snow fell in the night

Verb: snow | Adjective: snowy

song /sɒŋ/ Noun

a song is a piece of music with words that you can sing

Collocate: sing a song

we sat around the fire and sang songs | a pop song | a love song | I heard a great song on the

radio this morning | Lennon and McCartney wrote some famous songs | I can remember all the

words to that song