Tài liệu tham khảo: Từ vựng cho giáo trình Lets Talk 2 -2nd Edition hệ nghe nói Tiếng Anh sau B tại Trung tâm ngoại ngữ, Đại học Hải Phòng

The importance of learning vocabulary ……… Teaching vocabulary ……….. Mục đích Tài liệu tham khảo cho giáo trình Let‟s Talk 2 Second Edition nhằm mục đích điều chỉnh và bổ sung các chủ đề

UBND THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG

TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO CẤP TRƯỜNG

TỪ VỰNG CHO GIÁO TRÌNH LET’S TALK 2 – 2nd EDITION

HỆ NGHE NÓI TIẾNG ANH SAU B TẠI TRUNG TÂM NGOẠI NGỮ, ĐẠI HỌC HẢI PHÒNG

Mã số: ………

Chủ nhiệm: Nguyễn Thị Phương Loan Đơn vị: Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ

Hải Phòng, năm 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lời mở đầu ………

Mục đích ………

Cấu trúc ………

Introduction ………

The importance of learning vocabulary ………

Teaching vocabulary ………

The description of vocabulary ………

Kinds of vocabulary ………

Vocabulary mastery ………

The techniques in teaching vocabulary ………

Unit 2: Making a good impression ………

Unit 3: Food and cooking ………

Unit 4: Weather ………

Unit 5: Working for a living ………

Unit 6: Leisure time …… ………

Unit 7: Sports and games ………

Unit 8: Transportation and travel ………

Unit 9: Vacation time ………

Unit 11: The environment ….………

Unit 12: News and current events ………

Unit 13: City life ………….………

Unit 14: Entertainment and art ………

References ………

Keys ………

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15

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Đối với đa phần người học tiếng Anh ở Việt Nam, kỹ năng nói là một kỹ năng khó, khiến cho nhiều người chưa thể giao tiếp một cách thành thạo bằng tiếng Anh với người nước ngoài Vì vậy, nhiều người đã và đang tìm đến với Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Hải Phòng với mong muốn cải thiện vấn đề này Hiện nay, Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ đang cung cấp các khóa học giao tiếp theo các cấp độ sau A, sau B và sau C Các khóa học này đều đang sử dụng giáo trình Let‟s Talk – Second Edition của tác giả Leo Jones

Giáo trình Let‟s talk của tác giả Leo Jones đã trải qua hai lần điều chỉnh, cho nên ấn bản được sử dụng hiện nay tại Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Hải Phòng là ấn bản thứ hai với một số thay đổi sao cho giáo trình gần gũi hơn với người học, thực dụng hơn về chủ đề giao tiếp, về từ vựng sử dụng trong giao tiếp Let‟s Talk Second Edition là bộ sách dạy tiếng Anh theo chuẩn Anh Mỹ được thiết kế để phát triển kỹ năng nói Sự kết hợp hài hòa giữa các chủ đề hấp dẫn sẽ lôi cuốn học viên vào các cuộc trò chuyện (conversations), tham gia thảo luận thường xuyên để tăng sự lưu loát trong giao tiếp Các tính năng của ấn bản mới bao gồm việc trình bày và tái sử dụng các cấu trúc từ vựng một cách có hệ thống, tăng cường tập trung vào các hoạt động truyền thông và mở rộng thêm phần review Phần tự học mở rộng bao gồm các bài tập ngữ pháp, từ vựng và thực hành nghe nói Các bài tập ngữ pháp và văn bản nghe nằm trong đĩa CD tự học kèm theo sách

Tuy nhiên, vì đây là một giáo trình của nước ngoài, do một người nước ngoài biên soạn, nên không tránh khỏi có một số chủ đề cũng như từ vựng trong đó không phù hợp với học viên người Việt Nam Do đó, tác giả mong muốn tài liệu tham khảo này sẽ là tài liệu phụ trợ bổ ích cho học viên trong quá trình làm chủ ngôn ngữ mới cùng với giáo trình Let‟s Talk 2 Second Edition của tác giả Leo Jones, đặc biệt là với những học viên đã làm quen với tiếng Anh qua khóa học giao tiếp sau A, chuẩn

bị bước vào khóa học giao tiếp sau B

Mục đích

Tài liệu tham khảo cho giáo trình Let‟s Talk 2 Second Edition nhằm mục đích điều chỉnh và bổ sung các chủ đề giao tiếp và từ vựng sử dụng trong giáo trình, giúp cho giáo trình dễ tiếp cận hơn đối với học viên người Việt tại Hải Phòng

Cấu trúc

Tài liệu tham khảo được sắp xếp tương ứng với các chủ đề có trong giáo trình Let‟s talk 2 Second Edition của tác giả Leo Jones Giáo trình có tất cả 16 bài, tuy nhiên để phù hợp với thời lượng của khóa học giao tiếp sau B tại Trung tâm Ngoại ngữ, Đại học Hải Phòng, tài liệu tham khảo chỉ bao gồm 12 bài, tương ứng với các bài số 2,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14 của giáo trình Let‟s talk 2 Second Edition

Vocabulary learning is an important part in foreign language learning as the meanings of new words are very often emphasized, whether in books or in classrooms It is also focus of language teaching and is of paramount importance to

a language learner Recent research shows that teaching vocabulary may be problematic because many teachers are not confident about best practice in vocabulary teaching and at times don‟t know where to begin to form an instructional emphasis on word learning (Berne & Blachowicz, 2008) This reference material aims at giving out important research on the impotence of vocabulary and introducing many techniques used by English teachers when teaching English at Haiphong Foreign Language Center of Haiphong University, as well as some lists of vocabulary used in English communicating courses at the Center

The importance of learning vocabulary

Vocabulary knowledge is often viewed as a critical tool for second language learners because a limited vocabulary in a second language impedes successful communication Underscoring the importance of vocabulary acquisition, Schmitt (2000) emphasizes that “lexical knowledge is central to communicative competence and to the acquisition of a second language” p 55) Nation (2001) further describes the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and language use as complementary: knowledge of vocabulary enables language use and, conversely, language use leads to an increase in vocabulary knowledge

The importance of vocabulary is demonstrateddaily in and out the school In classroom, the achieving students possess the most sufficient vocabulary Researchers such as Laufer and Nation (1999), Maximo (2000), Read (2000), Gu (2003), Marion (2008) and Nation (2011) and others have realised that the acquisition of vocabulary is essential for successful second language use and plays

an important role in the formation of complete spoken and written texts

In English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language (EFL) learning vocabulary items plays a vital role in all language skills (i.e listening, speaking, reading, and writing (Nation, 2011) Rivers and Nunan (1991), furthermore, argue that the acquisition of an adequate vocabulary is essential for successful second language use because without an extensive vocabulary, we will

be unable to use the structures and functions we may have learned for comprehensible communication Research has shown that second language readers rely heavily on vocabulary knowledge and the lack of that knowledge is the main and the largest obstacle for L2 readers to overcome (Huckin,1995) In production, when we have a meaning or concept that we wish to express, we need to have a store of words from which we can select to express this meaning or concept

(Krashen, as cited in Lewis, 1993, p25)

Many researchers argue that vocabulary is one of the most important – if not the most important – components in learning a foreign language, and foreign language curricula must reflect this Wilkins (1972) states that: „„There is not much value in being able to produce grammatical sentences if one has not got the vocabulary that

is needed to convey what one wishes to say … While without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed‟‟ p97) Other International Journal of Teaching and Education Vol III, No 3 / 2015 22 scholars such as Richards (1980) and Krashen (1989), as cited in Maximo (2000) state many reasons for devoting attention to vocabulary “First, a large vocabulary is of course essential for mastery of a language Second language acquirers know this; they carry dictionaries with them, not grammar books, and regularly report that the lack

of vocabulary is a major problem‟‟

On the other hand, vocabulary has been acknowledged as L2 learners‟ greatest single source of problems (Meara, 1980) This remark may possibly reflect that the openendedness of a vocabulary system is perceived to be a cause of difficulty by learners Another possible reason is that, unlike syntax and phonology, vocabulary does not have rulesthe learners may follow to acquire and develop their knowledge

In other words, it is not clear in L2 vocabulary learning what rules apply or which vocabulary items should be learned first Oxford (1990) also claims that vocabulary

is “by far the most sizeable and unmanageable component in the learning of any language, whether a foreign or one‟s mother tongue, because of tens of thousands of different meanings” Despite these difficulties that language learners face in L2 vocabulary, they still have to deal with it in their examinations as „„vocabulary has traditionally been one of the language components measured in language tests‟‟ (Schmitt, 1999, 189) Furthermore, many learners see second language acquisition (SLA) as essentially a matter of learning vocabulary and therefore they spend a great deal of time on memorising lists of L2 words and rely on their bilingual dictionary as a basic communicative resource As a result, language teachers and applied linguists now generally recognise the importance of vocabulary learning and are exploring ways of promoting it more effectively Some of this research takes the form of investigation of strategies learners use specifically for vocabulary (VLS), which is our focus of attention

impossible to learn a language without words; even communication between human beings is based on words Both teachers and students agree that acquisition of the vocabulary is a central factor in teaching a language (Walters, 2004)

Teaching vocabulary is one of the most discussed parts of teaching English as a foreign language When the teaching and learning process takes place, problems wouldappear to the teachers They have problems of how to teach students in order

to gain satisfying results The teacher should prepare and find out the appropriate techniques, which will be implemented to the students A good teacher should prepare himself or herself with various and up-to-date techniques Teachers need to

be able to master the material in order to be understood by students, and make them interested and happy in the teaching and learning process in the classroom The teachers should be concerned that teaching vocabulary is something new and different from student‟s native language They also have to take into account that teaching English for young learners is different from adults The teachers have to know the characteristics of his or her learners They moreover need to prepare good techniques and suitable material in order to gain the target of language teaching

The description of vocabulary

The definition of vocabulary

Vocabulary can be defined as '' words we must know to communicate effectively; words in speaking (expressive vocabulary) and words in listening (receptive vocabulary)'' (Neuman & Dwyer, 2009, p 385) Hornby (1995) defines vocabulary

as ''the total number of words in a language; vocabulary is a list of words with their meanings” While Ur (1998) states: “Vocabulary can be defined, roughly, as the words we teach in the foreign language”

However, a new item of vocabulary may be more than just a single word: for example, post office, and mother-in-law, which are made up of two or three words but express a single idea A useful convention is to cover all such cases by talking about vocabulary "items" rather than "words" In addition, Burns (1972) defines vocabulary as" the stock of words which is used by a person, class or profession According to Zimmerman cited in Coady and Huckin (1998), „vocabulary is central

to language and of critical importance to the typical language learning‟ Furthermore, Diamond and Gutlohn (2006) in www.readingrockets.org/article state that vocabulary is the knowledge of words and word meanings.”

From the definitions above, it can be concluded that vocabulary is the total number

of words that are needed to communicate ideas and express the speakers' meaning That is the reason why it is important to learn vocabulary

Some experts divide vocabulary into two types: active and passive vocabulary Harmer (1991) distinguishes between these two types of vocabulary The first type

of vocabulary refers to the one that the students have been taught and that they are expected to be able to use Meanwhile, the second one refers to the words which the students will recognize when they meet them, but which they will probably not be able to pronounce Haycraft, quoted by Hatch and Brown (1995), indicate two kinds

of vocabulary, namely receptive vocabulary and productive vocabulary

Vocabulary Mastery

In order to understand the language, vocabulary is crucial to be mastered by the learner Vocabulary mastery is needed to express our ideas and to be able to understand other people's sayings According to Webster (1992), mastery refers to (1) a the authority of a master: dominion, b the upper hand in a contest or competition; superiority, ascendancy and (2) a possession or display or great skill

or technique, b skill or knowledge that makes one master of a subject comment, while Hornby (1995) defines mastery as complete knowledge or complete skill From that definition, mastery means complete knowledge or great skill that makes someone a master in a certain subject The specificity of any individual‟s vocabulary knowledge depends on the person and his motivation, desires, and need for the words (Hatch and Brown, 1995) Vocabulary mastery refers to the great skill

in processing words of alanguage It is an individual achievement and possession (Rivers, 1989) For that reason, the biggest responsibility in increasing the knowledge is in the individual himself The success in widening the vocabulary mastery requires their own motivation and interest on the words of a language From the definition above, we can conclude that vocabulary mastery is an individual‟s great skill in using words of a language, which is acquired based on their own interests needs and motivation Vocabulary mastery plays an important role in the four language skills and it has to be considered that vocabulary mastery

is one of the needed components of language

The techniques in teaching vocabulary

Commonly, there are several techniques concerning the teaching of' vocabulary However, there are a few things that have to be remembered by most English teachers if they want to present a new vocabulary or lexical items to their students

It means that the English teachers want students to remember new vocabulary Then, it needs to be learnt, practiced, and revised to prevent students from forgetting Techniques employed by teachers depend on some factors, such as the content, time availability, and its value for the learners (Takac, 2008) This makes teachers have some reasons in employing certain techniques in presenting

combined more than one technique, instead of employing one single technique Teachers, furthermore, are suggested to employ planned vocabulary presentation as various as possible (Pinter, 2006) Here are some techniques of teaching vocabulary

as stated by Brewster, Ellis, and Girard (1992)

Using objects Drawing Using illustrations & pictures

Contrast Enumeration Mine, expressions & gestures Guessing from context

Eliciting Translation

UNIT 2: MAKING A GOOD IMPRESSION Telephones Numbers and services

Phone box / card Mobile (phone) Cordless phone Handset / Receiver Answering machine

National / International code Area code / Zip code

Operator Directory inquiries Fire / Police / Ambulance

To ring / phone / call sb

To dial / call a number

To call back

To return a call

To hang up

To put the phone down (on sb)

To send a text message

To pick up your messages

To monitor your calls

Can you speak up, please?

What‟s your phone number?

Sorry, you‟ve got the wrong

number

I spend hours on the phone

A: Hello Is (Will) there, please?

B: Yes, (he) is Hold on, I‟ll (just) get (him) for you

A: Can I speak to (Jane), please?

B: Sorry, (she) isn‟t here Can I take a message? B: Sorry, (she)‟s on the other line Do you want

Solve the crossword

Across 

2 She … to him on the

phone every day (5)

5 I‟ll send her an e-mail

It‟ll be quicker than the

10 I‟ll take the phone …

the other room (4)

12 Another word for called

18 If you think Karen‟s

number is out of order,

ask the … to check it

(8)

19 If you leave a message,

we‟ll get back to you as

2 Short for “Street” (2)

3 Please try … later (5)

4 How long do you … on

the phone each day? (5)

5 I … out e-mails if I want to keep them (5)

6 “Hand …” is another word for receiver (3)

8 Please speak clearly after the long … (4)

11 You will now hear a series of … (7)

13 When I dial the number, nothing happens Her phone must be out of … (5)

14 You‟re popular Your phone‟s been … for hours! (7)

16 Sorry, I‟ve got the … number (5)

17 Before the local number, you must dial the area … (4)

21 Sorry, he‟s … the other line (2)

UNIT 3: FOOD AND COOKING

side plate cup/glass saucer jug coffee pot table mat napkin

bottle can carton jar packet tin tub

Preparing food

(verb)

Cooking food (verb)

fresh just right tasty rich healthy delicious disgusting horrible raw

salty sweet tender bland greasy spicy burnt overcooked underdone

Places to eat and

To start, I‟d like …

As a main course, I‟ll have … Could I have some more bread, please?

Could I have the bill, please?

What would you like? What can I get you? Anything to drink?

Enjoy your meal!

The chicken is served with rice

UNIT 4: WEATHER Weather

a dull day

Complete the grid with landscape words

UNIT 5: WORKING FOR A LIVING

You need to be good with people

worker / (machine) operator

estate agent computer engineer

computer programmer software engineer

Banking & accountancy Building & engineering

Accountant

Accounts manager

Bank manager

Architect Civil / mechanical / electrical / chemical engineer Surveyor

Childcare Customer services Food

Chemist Laboratory technician Research scientist

Chef Cook Hotel porter Hotel

receptionist Waiter Waitress

Airline pilot Bus conductor Bus driver Van driver Taxi / cab driver (motor) mechanic

Cashier

Shopkeeper

Shop assistant

Dentist General practitioner / doctor Nurse

Optician Paramedic Physiotherapist surgeon

Telephone engineer

TV, video and audio engineers

Go out with friends

Go out with a boyfriend / girlfriend

Go out for a meal

Go out dancing Play on the computer Play computer games Play in the street Play the piano

Have a party Listen to music Read magazines Read a book Collect stamps / coins / phone cards

Relax Stay over at a friend‟s house

Surf the net Watch TV Watch a video

- What kind of music do you like?

- It‟s got a good beat

- It‟s good to dance to

- It makes you feel good

- It‟s very dramatic

- It‟s relaxing

- It‟s good to listen to when you‟re working

- I don‟t know why I like their new single I just do!

- What do you do in your free time?

- I sometimes go to the cinema

- I enjoy going to the cinema

- I don‟t do much after school

- I love the Internet and e-mail

- I go to drama school on Saturdays

play do go

football American football badminton

baseball basketball cricket golf field hockey ice hockey rugby squash table tennis (ping pong) tennis

aerobics athletics gymnastics weightlifting yoga

canoeing cycling fishing ice skating motor racing riding

rock climbing running sailing skiing surfing swimming windsurfing

I‟m quite a good swimmer

I‟m quite sporty

I‟m not very fit

I‟m not very good at diving

I can swim but I can‟t dive

I‟m not very keen on sport

I like watching motor racing

I‟d like to go skiing

I‟d like to try windsurfing

Bring your swimming gear

Which football team do you support? I‟m an Arsenal fan

They lost the match by 2 goals to one She won a gold medal

How often do you work out?

How much time do you spend at the gym?

How long do you spend working out?

How well do you play soccer?

How good are you at sports?

Twice a week

Not very often

Around 2 hours a day

I don‟t work out

Pretty well

About average, I guess Not very well

I‟m pretty good at sports

I guess I‟m OK

Not too good

Archery Badminton Baseball

Basketball Boxing Canoeing Fishing

Football Golf Field hockey Ice hockey

Ice skating (motor) racing Riding

Running Skiing

Surfing Swimming Tennis:

Singles Doubles Scuba diving

Volleyball Windsurfing Weightlifting

Bow Arrow Racket Shuttlecock Bat

Ball Ball Gloves Canoe Paddle Rod Line Ball Ball Clubs Stick Ball Stick Puck Skates Racing car Saddle Bridle

Skis Sticks Surfboard Goggles Racket Ball

Mask Air cylinder Ball

Windsurfer Weights

Field Court Court

Court Ring

Pitch Course Pitch Rink

Rink Circuit

Track Run Piste

Pool Court

Pitch