Cargo in international transport by various means of transport final report c

ABSTRACTS Reason for writing: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of multiple stakeholders’ needs, benefits and challenges, Find out the purpose of the Transporta

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HOA SEN

FINAL REPORT CARGO AND INSURANCE

3 Đinh Thị Diệu Huyền - 2182018

4 Nguyễn Lê Hoàng - 2184172

5 Huỳnh Uyén Nhi - 2183268

TP.HCM - 1, 2022

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Huynh Uyén Nhi 2183268 PART 1: lam Acknowledgement

+ Abstract + Introduction + muc 5 + Conclusion + chia outline + tông hợp word

LECTURER’S FEEDBACK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

.1:05-5981I6012277 Iiá ll ACKNOWLEDGEMENT - Q22 2110112111 11110111111111111 1111111111 11 HH như, IV

1 _ What are danperous ÐOOđS? - L1 11 11912111211 1111121 12 11811811 re 1

2 Dangperous øoods classIÍicatiof7 - c cc 121112111112 1117111211111 1 811 8k rrờ 1 2.1 Class 1: Explosive Substances or Articles l

2.3 Class 3: Flammable Liqulds 2.4 Class 4: Daneerous SoÌld co cà cà ke và: 2.5 Class 6: ToxIc Substances or Infectlous substances 2.6 Class 7: Radioactive Materlals

2.7 Class 8: Corrosive Substances cào sec nàn ke se

3 Transport of dangerous careo: How 1s It repulated? - 2c ccccccceses 6 3.1 On the basIs of transport modes 8 3.1.1 Sea — IMDG Code and others - - - 1 2211111111221 1 111 nhe rêg 8 3.1.2 Air — DGR and ICAO Technical Instructions - 5< << s 8 3.1.2.3 Icao Technical Instructions 000c ccc ceeceecceeeteeeseseseesstetenenees 14 3.1.3 Road — Motor Vehicles Rules and Hazardous Substances Rules 14

KP nh: UOaiiẳẳậặậaiaẳđậiAIIẶẶẶẶI 15

4 Storing and handing danperous ØOOđs - 0 2022122122111 re 19 4.1 Handing Dangerous øoods 19 4.1.1 Know the cafØO ĐTOUS Q21 112112112 111212 11H ke 20

4.1.2 Know the classification of dangerous Car9o .2 2c c2 20 4.2 IMDG careo 1s usually classiffed Into 20 4.2.1 Danperous Goods Casses 0 1201122111121 tre 20 229i 2á 21 4.2.3 Check the carøo docum€It c2: 2211211211211 25112512525 21 4.2.4 Check the cargo for correct packap1ne - c2 21 4.2.5 Check when handing cargo ccc cccccecscceseesteessecnsesssetseeeseeneees 21 4.2.6 Inspect when handing explosive cargo cee eeetteeeeeees 22 4.2.7 Know the Emereency Procedure - - c2 1222212122122 xsey 22 4.2.8 Storine danperous 8OOđS L2 201121 1122111192 11112 22

5.1

Introduction bocce ee cen cee eee eee cee tenet tenets eee teneteeen eee 23

5.2 Selection Of The Mode Of Transport For The Carriage Of Dangerous

1

ll

TABLE OF FIGURE Figure 1: Hazardous Materials Classes & Commonly Transported Example Materials 1

Figure 2: Explosive Substances or ATtICÏes - ĩc 2 2112121112112 11111111 1121111111 2 11tr 2

lì sdissii.0)1.86 2 Figure 4: Non-flammable, non-fOXIC ØS€§ .- c2 910121121 111121 1111111111111 1 re 3

Figure 6: Flammable liquids 0 3 Figure 7: Substances liable to sponfaneous Combusfion - ác c2 s2 22x22 rreg 4 Figure 8: Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases 4 Figure 9:ToxIc Substances or [nÍeCfIOUS ác 2 1212111111112 1111101111118 181 1H re 5

lì 000290000 /-8.01 TT 5 Figure 12: Miscellenious Dangerous Substances and Article -sc sec s2 rrey 6

Figure 14: Explosives dIvision 1.4, 1.5, Ì.6 2n n2 HS HH 1111111112 re 9 Figure 15: Flammable gases .e 10

Eieure 16: Non-fammable non-toxic øases (AlternafIve sIen) - -.cc c2 c2 10

lì 00/29)0.31+ 1n 10

Figure 19: Flammable soilds, self-reactive substances and soild desentized explosives L1 11111111111 11111 HT TT T111 T111 T111 T1 1111111111111 1111111111111 TT T111 T11 T101 111111 1x II

Figure 21: Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases lại

lì 9220930r2ì 800v 5 12 Figure 23: Oxidizing peroxides (AlternatIve SIØT)) - S1 nn S2 1211111122111 re 12 Figure 24: ToxIc Substances or ÏnÍ€CfIOUS -.- c2 2 22212 11111211111 1111 11112 1 1H He 13

Figure 26: Corrosive substances nnaaaỪD 13 Figure 27: Common Examples (Dry ice, First aid kits, Vehieles) ¿55-55 s2: 14 Figure 28: Procedure for risk manà€Im€I ĩc 2 2111212111512 1111111121 1 1g re 26

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Dear Lecturer of Cargo and Insurance in international transport Nguy Thị Sao Chi and all my friends in group 4

To start with, I would like to express my profound gratitude to Lecturer of Cargo and Insurance in international transport Nguy Thi Sao Chi for thorough guidance during the project development Moreover, I also would like to express my sincere thanks to my friends in Hoa Sen University for their dedication in conveying knowledge throughout the time I have studied The knowledge gained in the process, I experienced, was not only a strong foundation for the thesis research but also a valuable package for me to enjoy life in a firm and confident manner Finally, group 4 wish the best will come to all of you

ABSTRACTS

Reason for writing: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of

multiple stakeholders’ needs, benefits and challenges, Find out the purpose of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Act and Regulations is to promote public safety when dangerous goods are being handled, offered for transport or transported by road, rail, air, or water (marine) TDG also establishes safety requirements

Problems: Continuously growing needs of society brings with it the development

of industry, new technologies and use of new types of hazardous substances Each transport of hazardous substance entails some risk of incident This article deals with problems of transporting of dangerous goods by rail The paper describes the Directive, which forms the basis of the transport of dangerous goods

Practical implications: The outcome of this study can serve as input into the

management of transportation of dangerous goods

Design/methodology/approach: This chapter presents methods and tools to help policy-makers and the private sector to assess the vulnerability of areas under their control, with a specifi c focus on toxic releases and explosions These methods and tools provide models and data for the implementation of a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS)

Outline of project:

The paper includes 8 parts:

1 What are dangerous goods?

Dangerous good classification

Transport of dangerous cargo: How is it regulated?

Storing and handling

1 WHAT ARE DANGEROUS GOODS?

Dangerous goods are goods that, in the process of storage, preservation,

transportation, loading, unloading, and delivery, arise dangerous incidents such as

explosions, toxic effects, destruction of means of transport, release of Radiation affects the environment and human life When transporting Marine, dangerous goods cause

damage to equipment, vehicles and loss of center of gravity, capsize or sink ships

In addition, according to the Road Traffic Law defines: “Dangerous goods are goods containing dangerous substances that, when transported on the road, are capable

of causing danger to life, human health, the environment, safety and National security."

Based on the above concepts, goods are considered dangerous goods when;

O Contains toxic substances, affecting human health and life

O Causing danger to marine vehicles during transportation

LÍ Causing environmental pollution, disrupting national security order

2, DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION?

& v ®

c Common Examples Common Exomples Common Exa:

Ammunition, Fireworks, Fire extingvishers, Propone, Paints, Ale — Matches, Sulfur Hydrogen peroside Chiorates Air bag inflators Carbon dioxide Gasoline Oily fabrics Ammorem sưng n

Toxic (Poisonous), Inhalation Radioactive Corrosive Miscellaneous

Hazard, & Infectious Substances A

Zo dh

w

ey:

4 * August we ` “iio” CORROSIVE S 2

te, Dyes, Acids, Batteries Dry ice, First aid kits,

Figure 1: Hazardous Materials Classes & Commonly Transported Example Materials 2.1 Class 1: Explosive Substances or Articles

Explosives are divided into the following dangerous groups:

+ Group 1.1: Including substances and items where the risk of mass explosion is

potential

+ Group 1.2: Includes substances and items that create a hazard but are not a mass explosion hazard

+ Group 1.3: Including substances and articles with potential for slight fire or

explosion hazard, not a mass explosion hazard

Group 1.4: Including substances and articles that do not present a serious hazard

+ Group 1.5: Includes substances that are very insensitive but have a mass explosion hazard

+ Group 1.6: Includes items that are extremely insensitive and do not have a mass explosion hazard

oO

Figure 2: Explosive Substances or Articles

2.2 Class 2: Gases (Gases)

Gases are substances that have the following properties:

+ At a temperature of 500C, the evaporating pressure is more than 300kPa + Completely gaseous at 200C at standard pressure 101.3kPa

The above-mentioned gas is carried on board in the following forms: compressed gas, liquefied gas, liquefied gas under high pressure, liquefied gas under low pressure and gas dissolved in solution

These gases can be divided into three basic categories:

+ Flammable Gases

Flammable liquids can be classified into two main categories:

Flammable Liquids: These are liquids transported at a temperature equal to or greater than their flash point or compounds that are transported under high temperature

in liquid form and which give off flammable gases at equivalent or lower than the maximum transport temperature

Liquids that have had their explosive properties suppressed: these are essentially

explosive compounds but have been dissolved or mixed with water or other liquids, creating a homogeneous liquid mixture to suppress the density explosiveness.

Figure 6: Flammable liquids

2.4 Class 4: Dangerous Solid

Hazardous solids are substances other than explosive-type compounds Under transport conditions, these substances are always flammable or they contribute to a fire

Hazardous solids can be divided into the following main categories:

+ Group 4.1: Flammable Solids

+ Group 4.2: Substances liable to spontaneous Combustion

Figure 7: Substances liable to spontaneous Combustion

Group 4.3: Solids that, when in contact with water, can produce flammable gases (Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases)

Figure 8: Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Class 5: Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides

+ Group 5.1: Flammable oxides

+ Group 5.2: Flammable organic peroxides

2.5 Class 6: Toxic Substances or Infectious substances

Toxic substances are substances that can cause death or serious injury or serious harm to human health if inhaled or exposed to them

Infectious substances are substances that themselves contain pathogens, so it is possible to infect animals or humans

Figure 12: Miscellenious Dangerous Substances and Article

3 TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS CARGO: HOW IS IT REGULATED? Dangerous goods or hazardous goods (also abbreviated as HAZMAT) are materials in solid, liquid or gas form, which have the potential to cause harm to people, animals, the environment and their means of transport, if they are handled inadequately

Dangerous goods (Hazmat) have specific regulations when it comes to their transportation, may that be via road, sea or air It is essential to eliminate the risks associated with dangerous materials as much as possible, hence we need to apply safety precautions There are several national laws in effect in most countries, plus hazmat cargo falls under regulations by international treaties as well, for their safe transport, usage, storage and disposal

Figure 13: Flammable liquids (Alternative sign) The UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, issued by the United Nations Economic and Social Council, serves as the groundwork for most regulations on a regional, national and international level The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has incorporated the UN Model into its own set of internationally agreed dangerous goods regulations for air transport of hazardous materials, the so-called ICAO Technical Instructions, with some alterations for the specific features of air transportation

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) provides global standards for documentation and safe handling of dangerous goods in air transport, as well as special hazmat training

IATA has a strong cooperation with local governments and ICAO in the

development of provisions in order to ensure effective rules and guidelines on

dangerous goods transportation by air All IATA regulations are in accordance with the ICAO technical instructions

IATA’s globally used Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) manual is the basis and standard for shipping hazardous goods by air, recognized by airlines

When it comes to maritime transportation, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the normative authority for safety, security and environmental performance of international shipping It serves as a regulatory entity in sea transport,

and produces the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, also known as the IMDG Code, part of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code was developed to internationally standardize the transport of dangerous goods Moreover, this code also prevents the risk of cargo accidents, since it contains a number of conditions set for stowage, packaging, labeling and documentation of the entire shipping process till the cargo reaches the consignee, as well as courses of action in case of accidents or

emergency

When it comes to dangerous goods, there are strict rules for each stage of the

shipping process — handling, packaging, labelling, marking, stowage, segregation, transport and emergency response These exist in the form of international agreements,

which are closely aligned with the UN recommendations and, while not mandatory, are

universally accepted Additionally, there are national regulations The rules governing

the movement of dangerous goods differ across transport modes

3.1 On the basis of transport modes

3.1.1 Sea -— IMDG Code and others

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code 1s, by its own definition, “the standard guide to all aspects of handling dangerous goods and marine pollutants in sea transport” Its key objectives are to:

a) protect human life

b) prevent marine pollution

c) facilitate free movement of dangerous goods

Developed by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), it applies to all cargo-catrying ships and is amended every two years It reportedly covers 3,500 dangerous goods transported in packaged form

However, there are many more dangerous goods shipped in bulk in solid, liquid

and gaseous form The International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code has provisions on the carriage of solid bulk cargo, with the exception of grain

3.1.2 Air — DGR and ICAO Technical Instructions

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) calls the Dangerous Goods Regulations (DGR) “the global reference for shipping dangerous goods by air and the only standard recognised by airlines” It details shipper/operator responsibilities,

transport and storage quantities, and forbidden goods It also has provision on traiming,

security and incident reporting

A second set of regulations, the ICAO, seeks to ensure airlines carry dangerous goods without the cargo posing a danger to the aircraft or its occupants

Dangerous goods are goods that contain dangerous substances during transportation This type of goods has the potential to cause great harm to human life, the environment, more dangerous than national security

From the above concept, we can realize dangerous goods for aviation when:

OH Such goods contain toxic substances that greatly affect human health and life

LH Such goods cause serious pollution to the environment, causing unsafety to the

country

OH Such goods contain substances that are dangerous to air transport during transportation

3.1.2.2 IATA Dangerous Goods Groups for Air Transport

Class 1: Explosives (EXplosives)

Based on the level of danger or the explosive power of the explosive, people will

be divided into 6 subgroups as follows: Division 1.1, Division 1.2, Division 1.3, Division 1.4, Division 1.5 and Division 1.6 Can take the example of grouping such as when an explosion in a house can cause a collapse, or just an explosion sounds like a firecracker

And in those 6 subgroups, they continue to be divided into smaller groups

according to the alphabet A, B, C, D For example, taste 1.1A, 1.3B, 1.4S Most of

the substances These explosives are prohibited from being transported on passenger

aircraft as well as cargo aircraft Only the ammunition for infantry guns with code 1.48 1s accepted by some airlines to be carried on passenger planes, the rest must use cargo machines

Class 2: Gases (Gases)

Divided into 3 groups including:

+ Gas lighters, gas cylinders are collectively known as Division 2.1

Figure 13: Flammable gases + Easy breathing oxygen tank called Division 2.2

Figure 16: Non-flammable non-toxic gases (Alternative sign)

+ The toxic gas is called Division 2

10

Class 3: Flammable Liquid

Includes paint, oil, gasoline, alcohol, high alcohol alcohol

Figure 18: Flammable liquids (Alternative sign)

11

Class 4: Flammable solids

Substances capable of self-ignition; Substances that, when in contact with water, emit flammable gases

In this group of dangerous goods IATA people are divided into 3 subgroups including:

+ Division 4.1 - Flammable solids: Includes metal powders, substances that are flammable when impacted by changes in temperature Most of this type will be prohibited from being transported by plane

Figure 19: Flammable soilds, self-reactive substances and soild desentized explosives + Division 4.2 - Substances capable of spontaneous combustion: Like white

phosphorus

Figure 20: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

+ Division 4.3 - Reactants when in contact with water emit flammable gases

Figure 21; Substances which in contact with water emit flammable gases

12

(Alternative sign) Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides

This category will be divided into 2 subgroups including

Figure 23: Oxidizing peroxides (Alternative sign)

For this group we have to strictly control the temperature

Class 6: Poisons and infectious substances

This category will be divided into 2 subgroups including

+ Division 6.1 - Poison For example, pesticides

Sx

POISON

Figure 24: Toxic substances + Division 6.2 - Infectious substances This includes viruses that cause disease in humans or animals such as avian H5N1 virus, swine blue ear disease, or animal or human specimens that require laboratory testing

13

Figure 28: Common Examples (Dry ice, First aid kits, Vehicles)

3.1.2.3 Icao Technical Instructions

ICAO Technical Instructions are ICAO Technical Instructions This is the

Vietnamese meaning of the term ICAO Technical Instructions - a term used in the

business field

Detailed requirements for the carriage of dangerous goods by air to ensure a level

of safety to protect the aircraft, crew and passengers (if any) from any undue risk Published by the International Crvil Aviation Organization (ICAO) these guidelines are based on United Nations recommendations for the carriage of dangerous goods (see

UN recommendations) and have been thoroughly researched to keep pace with technological developments These include the [ATA Restricted Articles of Regulation, originally published by the International Air Transport Association (LATA) in 1956 3.1.3 Road — Motor Vehicles Rules and Hazardous Substances Rules Unlike sea and air transport, which are governed by international rules, many countries, including India, have their own rules for road transport of dangerous goods

In India, these are the Central Motor Vehicles Rules and Hazardous Substances (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) Rules

Central Motor Vehicles Rules: Enforced by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, these rules cover all aspects of transport by motor vehicles But some relate strictly to dangerous goods:

* Vehicles carrying dangerous goods must be equipped with a tachograph (which records driving activity such as speed, distance) and spark arrester (a fire safety device)

* Vehicle must carry legible, conspicuous “emergency information panels”

containing the class, UN number and PSN of the cargo

15

* Vehicle owner must ensure cargo information provided by the shipper is

accurate, and must relate this information in writing to the driver

* Driver must keep the written information in the driver’s cabin at all times

* Driver must keep cargo safe by following rules on prevention of fires and

explosions

* Driver must take route pre-determined by vehicle owner and shipper

¢ Driver must be trained to handle the dangers of moving hazardous cargo Hazardous Substances Rules: Framed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, these rules cover classification, packaging, marking, testing, certification, transport and documentation However, they don’t cover certain dangerous goods,

including imported goods, radioactive material, pharmaceutical/cosmetic end products

meant for consumer use Imported goods are exempt as they would most likely conform to the IMDG Code and DGR Radioactive material is regulated by the Atomic

Energy Regulatory Board safety code

National regulations aside, there is the European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), followed by a bloc of predominantly European countries

3.1.4 Barge - ADN and others

- Definition of “barge” and linguistic consistency within the ADN regulations

- Transmitted by the Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine

(CCNR)

1 A proposal for a suitable definition of the term "barge" within the ADN has

(ECE/TRANS/WP.15/AC.2/2016/47) Such an initiative 1s timely and beneficial to better regulation

2 The CCNR Secretariat would like to draw attention to the use of the word

"barge" in the ADN 2015, as well as the terminology used in French and German The

primary goal is to guarantee a thorough comprehension of the term "barge." The table below demonstrates the differences between the ADN in English, French, and German

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