Writing v2 sample

Task 2: Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as they like.. On one hand, the argument for allowing people unrestricted access to fresh water is base

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Answer:

The diagram outlines the design and stages involved in constructing and utilizing a modern landfill for household waste The process is divided into three phases: construction, use, and closure

In the Construction phase, a large hole is dug into natural rock, then lined with clay and synthetic material to prevent groundwater contamination Drainage pipes and a tank are installed at the base to collect leachate, the liquid that drains through the waste

accumulating waste produces leachate, which Is directed into the drainage system and collected in the tank, preventing environmental pollution

In the Closure phase, the filled landfill is sealed with a clay cover A pipe is installed

to release gases generated by decomposing waste, ensuring safe gas emission

Overall, the design of a modern landfill is structured to mitigate environmental hazards by incorporating several safety features during its construction, use, and closure The combination of synthetic and clay linings, along with a dedicated drainage system, ensures that waste liquids are effectively managed, and the use of

a gas outlet pipe during closure further ensures that any hazardous emissions are

controlled.

Task 2: The research indicates that nowadays some consumers are less influenced by advertising than in the past What are the reasons and is it a positive or negative development?

Recent research suggests that modern consumers are less influenced by advertising compared to the past This shift can be attributed to several factors, and its

implications can be viewed as both positive and negative

One primary reason for this change is the overwhelming amount of advertisements people are exposed to daily With the rise of digital media, consumers are

bombarded with ads across various platforms, leading to desensitization As a result, people tend to ignore or block ads, reducing their overall impact Additionally, the increasing awareness of persuasive techniques used in advertising has made

consumers more skeptical and selective in their responses

Another factor is the growing influence of alternative sources of information, such as online reviews and social media Consumers now rely more on peer

recommendations and personal research than on traditional advertising This trend reflects a shift in trust, where people place more value on authentic experiences shared by others rather than polished marketing messages

From a positive perspective, this development encourages companies to focus on product quality and customer satisfaction, knowing that consumers are making more informed choices It also fosters innovation in marketing strategies, as businesses must now find creative and genuine ways to engage their audience

However, there are negative aspects as well Smaller businesses with limited

marketing budgets may struggle to reach potential customers in this increasingly selective environment Furthermore, the decline in advertising effectiveness could lead to reduced funding for media and content creators who rely on ad revenue

In conclusion, the decreased influence of advertising on consumers is driven by overexposure and the rise of alternative information sources While this trend has positive aspects, such as promoting product quality and innovation, it also presents challenges for businesses and media sustainability

Đề 2

The graphs show the changes in the UK industry steel between 1970 and

2000 (million tonnes vs thousand) Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant

Value changes in UK steel industry 1970-2000 _

—— otal UK demand es UK production —eœt

Employment status in UK steel industry

Sample: The given graphs illustrate the changes in the UK steel industry between

1970 and 2000 in terms of value, production, import, and employment status

The first graph shows that total UK demand for steel experienced a significant decline from around 200,000 units in 1970 to just over 50,000 units by 2000 UK production of steel also decreased notably from about 160,000 units in 1970 to around 50,000 units in 2000 However, imports of steel saw a rise, increasing steadily from 0 units in 1970 to approximately 40,000 units by 2000

The second graph focuses on employment within the UK steel industry In 1970, there were around 50,000 employees, but this number dropped dramatically to about 10,000 by 2000 The most significant decline in employment occurred between 1970

and 1990

Overall, the data indicates a considerable reduction in both steel production and employment in the UK steel industry over the 30-year period In contrast, steel imports into the UK increased steadily, reflecting a shift in the industry's dynamics

Task 2: Some ex-prisoners commit crimes after being released from the prison What do you think is the cause? How can it be solved?

Sample: Recidivism, the tendency of ex-offenders to reoffend, has become a growing concern for governments and societies alike, due to its far-reaching consequences While limited employment opportunities and weak social ties are significant drivers of this issue, a range of scalable solutions can be implemented to

address it

Focusing on the root causes of recidivism, the struggle to find employment stands as

a prominent factor, often forcing individuals to reoffend out of necessity Criminals, particularly those arrested at a younger age, often lack the relevant skills and education necessary to secure a job As if that's not enough, they face the additional burden of a criminal record, as many companies are reluctant to hire ex-offenders These combined factors create significant barriers to earning a living and making ends meet, compelling some to resort to crime as a means of survival Additionally, weak social ties play a substantial role in contributing to recidivism Successful reintegration into society often relies on strong family bonds, guidance, and positive reinforcement, which many ex-offenders lack With strained relationships or no support system at all, these individuals are more likely to fall back into criminal

behavior

One major way to tackle the issue of recidivism is by expanding employment options for ex-offenders This could be achieved by incentivizing employers to hire them through tax breaks or subsidies Additionally, governments should consider investing

in job training and placement programs to equip individuals with the relevant skills and education needed to break the cycle of reoffending upon release Moreover, implementing more effective rehabilitation programs can be a potential way out to reduce recidivism rates These programs should encompass a holistic approach, addressing the root causes of criminal behavior by providing substance abuse treatment, mental health counseling, educational opportunities, job training, and life skills development By equipping individuals with the tools they need to succeed, rehabilitation can empower them to lead fulfilling lives and contribute positively to society

To sum up, recidivism is a complex issue with long-term consequences for societies However, little progress can be achieved without organizing effective rehabilitation systems and creating employment opportunities for criminals

Đề 3

Task 1

The graph below shows the percentage of people visiting GYM once a month or

more between 1984 to 2003.

Sample: The line graph offers insights into the proportion of people attending gym split by age group, from 1984 to 2003

Overall, it is evident that all age groups, except 46-65 aged individuals, followed an upward course While 26-45 age groups topped the list in the first year it is true for 18-25 old attendees at the end of the period, making it the highest in the graph

Looking at the bigger figures first ,»eople belonging to 26-45 age bracket were 30% out of total, double that of 18-25 age group in the first year By 1994,however,the discrepancy between them shrined significantly with the former fluctuating and the

trajectory, albeit with various levels, accounting for a staggering 65% and 55%

individuals in 2003

Remaining categories revealed a rather contrasting picture with shares varying significantly across groups In 1984,approximately 27% people aged 46-65 attended gyms which was reported to rise 30% before experiencing a steady decline until the end of the timeframe to reach the low of 15%.Contrastingly,going to gyms was the least common activity among 65+ people making up a mere of 5% in 1984.After a decade this figure saw a marked rise hovering around 15% and registered some

Task 2: The organized tours to remote places and communities are more popular Is it a positive or negative improvement for the local people and the

environment?

Sample: Arranged trips to pristine areas have enjoyed tremendous popularity among people in recent years This trend while seemingly positive on the surface, should be considered largely negative due to certain environmental implications

Among the numerous drawbacks associated with tours to remote destinations, perhaps the major one revolves around environmental degradation This is reflected

in the fact that increased tourist traffic to distant zones can lead to environmental

deterioration with flora and fauna getting the hardest hit as a result of overcrowding, littering and harm to the ecosystem As remote areas, quite fragile and less resilient, might be vulnerable to these pressures

Another unintended consequence can be felt in cultural erosion Indeed, cultural

commercialization of local traditions and customs which are mostly altered to meet tourist expectations This can be best seen in the fact that the focus on pleasing tourists can lead to the neglect of cultural practices further contributing to the erosion

of cultural heritage This, in turn, can dilute the authenticity of the culture and diminish the value of the local community as well

To sum up, organized tours to pristine destinations has become common practice in recent years | believe that this development should be seen as largely negative

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Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make

comparison where relevant

Sample:

The diagrams illustrate the current layout and the proposed future development plans for the Biology School at a university Significant changes are planned to improve the

facilities and infrastructure

Currently, the Biology School has a central library located in the middle of the Campus, surrounded by various facilities including an indoor sports hall to the northeast, a drama center to the east, and a teaching building, café, and IT center to the southwest The lecture room is situated to the southeast Notably, there are groups of trees in the north and southwest corners of the site

In the future plan, several changes will be made The most significant alteration is the addition of a car park for staff in the southwest corner, replacing the existing trees The central library remains in its current position, but the drama center will be converted into a music center New buildings, including a lab and an office, are to be constructed in the northern part of the site, reducing the number of trees

Overall, the planned development focuses on enhancing the functionality of the Biology School by introducing new facilities such as a lab, office, and car park, while repurposing existing spaces like the drama center into a music center This reconfiguration is intended to better meet the needs of staff and students

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Task 2: Some people think that people should be given the right to use fresh water as they like Others believe governments should control toughly over the use of fresh water Discuss both view and give your own opinion

The debate over the management of fresh water resources is increasingly significant

as the demand for water continues to rise globally Some argue that individuals should have the freedom to use fresh water as they see fit, while others believe that

perspectives have their merits and drawbacks, which will be explored before presenting a personal opinion

On one hand, the argument for allowing people unrestricted access to fresh water is based on the principle of individual freedom Water is a basic human necessity, and many believe that access to it should not be limited or regulated by external authorities Proponents of this view assert that individuals should have the autonomy

to decide how they use water, whether for domestic purposes, agriculture, or leisure activities They also argue that in many regions, particularly those with abundant water supplies, strict regulation is unnecessary and could lead to inefficiencies or

to adopt more sustainable habits

In my opinion, while the right to access fresh water is fundamental, it should not be completely unrestricted Given the growing concerns over water scarcity, it is essential for governments to implement regulations that balance individual freedoms with the need for sustainable resource management Controlled use of water resources is crucial not only for ensuring that everyone has access to this essential resource but also for protecting the environment and ensuring long-term water security

In conclusion, while the idea of unrestricted access to fresh water is appealing from

an individual rights perspective, the reality of global water challenges necessitates some level of governmental control A balanced approach, where governments

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regulate water use to prevent wastage and ensure sustainability while respecting individuals' basic needs, seems to be the most pragmatic solution

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Sample: The bar graph offers insights into the number of vehicles, on the breakdown

of 5 types of, utilized in Europe during a decade (between 1996 to 2006)

Overall, graph reveals a specific pattern with the use of private cars being far and wide during the timespan, while the reverse is true for public transportation which remained minimal along with the highest gap between them

Looking at bigger figures first, private vehicles were dominant in the graph accounting for about 18 million cars which was reported to change with 26% to make up staggering 24 million use

Contrastingly though, motorbikes followed in second with just 3 million in 1996 before declining to 2 million ownership

Remaining categories exhibited a rather contrasting picture, with only 0.5 million individuals using public transport and trucks in the first year However, the former remained static until the end of the timeframe while the usage of latter grew by 0.5

million

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Task 2: Large companies should pay higher salaries to CEOs and executives, compared to other workers To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample: The proposal to increase salary of executives rather than other workers has elicited mixed reactions with people expressing their concerns In fact, | believe that it will be a step in the right direction

Among the numerous advantages associated with this approach, perhaps the most compelling is has to do with responsibility and better decision making As CEOs and executives are mostly responsible for decision making which impacts significantly on

including experience, vision ,versatility and higher compensation as well This might

be best seen in the fact that executives must oversee various aspects of the business, ranging from operations and finance to marketing and human resources that cannot be handled by other workers

Besides, what is equally essential is that their critical role within the company In fact, CEOs and executives are in unique position in terms of shaping the company’s strategy thus contributing significantly to the company’s profitability, market position, and long-term viability In this case attracting and retaining top talents can be done

by offering competitive salary

To sum up, the topic of higher compensation to leaders of the company has been an Ongoing topic Personally, | believe that higher compensation to executives holds promise in prospect and better development of the country

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Đề 6

WRITING TASK 1

You should spend 20 minutes on this task

The pie charts below show the sources of the electricity produced in four countries

in four countries between 2003 and 2008

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant

| GFossil fuel Hydropower MNuclear power

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Sample: The pie chart compares 3 sources of electricity generated by 4 countries in

2020

Overall, it is apparent that USA and France were main nuclear producers while hydropower ranked first in India and Finland Besides, fossil fuel production was the least common among all countries except Finland

Turning to details, nuclear industry was the leading provider of electricity in USA and France with the latter standing first with staggering 87% It was closely followed by hydropwer, albeit with large difference between the figures of two countries (38% and 13% respectively In the USA, more than one-tenth of electricity was contributed

by fossil fuel while in France this figure was non-existent

As for remaining countries, hydropwer took the lead with 63% and 50% in Finland and India respectively Fossil fuel secured the second position in India with 37% —a figure seven times higher than that of in India 45% of electricity was generated by

nuclear in India

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Task 2: Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but others believe it is not the government's responsibility Discuss both views and give your opinion

Sample; The proposal to bear the financial responsibilities of education and health care systems should be done by governments has elicited mixed reactions While some people advocate the importance of investment for these services, | side with those who claim there are certain crucial things that need to be considered

Examining one facet, certain circles argue that governments are obliged to provide financial assistance to academic and medical settings due to several valid factors one of which revolves around equal access to the services This is reflected in the fact that once authorities allocate sufficient funding for those settings, individuals might take advantage of them free of charge regardless of their socioeconomic background thus creating social equality It is also stated that merits coming from this development might extend toa point where country start benefitting

economically To put it simply, as educated and healthy population tend to be productive and efficient it eventually paves the way for economic development contributing to the flourish of the country

Having said that I'm firmly convinced that responsibility to provide medical and education fields with financial aid should not fall solely on governments for several compelling reasons chief among which is directly has to do with economic burden which is considered one of the major risk of bankruptcy or further crisis of the region In fact, paying for other sectors might come with financial burden on

authorities thereby resulting in increased taxes and potential inefficiencies This can be best exemplified by areas where governments frequently have to grapple with economic strain placed on them, slowing down the economy of the country Besides, what is equally essential is that government role in this term should be limited, allowing markets to operate freely This development, in turn, highly likely lead to increased expectations driven by cut throw competition among sectors

To sum up, the role of governments in terms of assisting financially to other

business sectors has become a topic of debate with people expressing their

concerns Granted, economic aid might help services in many aspects, however | still believe that it is not government's duty because of financial strain and arousal

of quality competition among business sectors

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Dé 7

The graph and the chart below show the number of students

choosing different kind of courses im a particular university in 2012

Sample: The line graph offers insights into total the number of students attending 6 different courses while the accompanying bar chart separates them according to gender in 2012

Overall, management course appealed to by far the highest number of students, while the reverse is true for health care

The number of females was far and wide in the management group whereas it is true for males in the engineering Both genders show little interest in agriculture field

Looking at the total number of student attendance per class, management field was dominant in the graph with a staggering 6.000 pupils with engineering taking the second spot accounting for 4.000 students There was a significant discrepancy in the amount of attendees between health and agriculture classes,2000 and 200 in turn Of particular note, math and art courses shared 900 individuals

Turning to the division of sexes ,management classes ranked first among women, making up 4000 students, double that of males

Engineering courses was the most popular among men comprising about 2800

agronomy classes

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Task 2: Employers should give its staff at least four weeks of holidays a year to make employees better at their jobs To what extent do you agree or disagree

?

Sample: The proposal to extend the laborers’ days off in order to enhance their performance has elicited mixed reactions In my opinion, providing the staff with prolonged holidays will be a step in the right direction

Lengthy break away from work confers several apparent benefits, chief among which revolves around increased productivity Given that adequate time off allows workers

to rest and recharge, leading to better mental and physical health which ,in turn, prevent fatigue and stress thus resulting in high quality work This might be best exemplified by focused and rested workers ,who have improved cognitive skills, are able to maintain higher efficiency when they return to work

Another compelling merit of this approach lies in better work life balance In fact, healthy work-life balance is crucial for employee retention and overall job satisfaction Providing sufficient holidays helps employees maintain this balance thus ensuring their loyalty to the workplace

To sum up, the topic of extended vacation period has been an ongoing debate with people expressing their concerns | believe that this approach entails significant advantages , including higher efficiency and better work life balance

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The pie charts depict the distribution of new car sales in Australia in April of 1994,

2004, and 2014, broken down into three categories: saloon, SUV, and others

In 1994, saloon cars dominated the market, making up 75% of the 42,000 total sales

By 2004, although saloon cars remained the largest category, their share had dropped to 65% of the 48,000 total sales Meanwhile, the SUV category saw a notable increase from 6% to 14% of the market The '‘others' category also grew slightly, from 19% to 21%

By 2014, the trend of declining saloon car sales continued, with their share falling to 55% of the 52,000 total sales In contrast, SUVs experienced significant growth, accounting for 24% of the market The ‘others' category remained relatively stable, representing 21% of sales

Overall, the data highlights a clear shift in consumer preferences over the 20-year period, with a steady decline in the popularity of saloon cars and a significant rise in

SUV sales

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Task 2 : Some people think that history has little or nothing meaning, while others think that history can help understand present Discuss both views and give your own opinion

technology and globalization has created a world that previous generations could scarcely have imagined Consequently, some people believe that the time and

resources spent on studying history could be better directed toward more practical and forward-looking disciplines, such as science and technology

On the other hand, proponents of the importance of history argue that it provides invaluable insights into the present They contend that many contemporary issues, such as political conflicts, social inequalities, and cultural tensions, have deep

historical roots Understanding the causes and developments of these issues can help us navigate the complexities of the modern world For instance, historical

knowledge can shed light on the origins of conflicts between nations or the evolution

of societal norms and values By learning from the successes and failures of the past, societies can avoid repeating mistakes and make more informed decisions about the

future

In my opinion, history is indeed valuable in helping us understand the present While

it is true that the world is changing rapidly, many of the underlying forces shaping our societies have historical precedents The study of history fosters a deeper

understanding of how current events are connected to past developments, allowing

us to make sense of the world around us Additionally, history teaches critical thinking skills, such as analyzing evidence and understanding different perspectives, which are essential in a complex and interconnected world

In conclusion, while some may view history as irrelevant in the face of modern

challenges, | believe that it plays a crucial role in helping us understand and address the issues of today By studying history, we gain not only knowledge of the past but also the tools to shape a better future

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Đề 9

The pie charts show the use of water in agriculture in 2004 and

the value of product in Australia at the same year

The percentage of water used for six products in 2004

livestock

cereal 12%

The percentage of total income from products in 2004

livestock 3%

|

ce \ oe 8%

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The data in the mix provides a breakdown of water usage categorized into six distinct areas along with the profit made in Australia in 2004

Overall, the graph does not reveal any specific pattern with figures varying

demanded by far the highest amount of water, while the reverse is true for rice and livestock which remained minimal Of particular note, most money was earned from

fruits

Looking at the water utilization first, growing vegetables made up a staggering 46% water out of total which was followed by fruits with allocation of 28% water There was a narrow discrepancy between the water channeled into diary and cereal products,8% and 12% respectively Remarkably, only 3% water was devoted to rice and livestock, placing them in the bottom position

Turning to the profit made from these sources, fruits were responsible for 42% income making it the main source of revenue Then came vegetables, contributing to 33% earnings Contrastingly, both cereal and diary products made up quite slight profit with a narrow margin of 5%.( 8% and 13%)

Least amount of money came from rice and livestock ,the former with mere 1% and

the latter 3% in turn

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Task 2 : Some people say it is great for older schoolchildren to study a large number of subjects and develop their knowledge, others think it is great to study a smallest subjects in greater Discuss both views and give your opinion

The number of subjects designed in the curriculum for older schoolchildren has always been a contentious topic among educators and laypeople While some believe in a breadth of knowledge that can be acquired through various courses, others contend that senior students should focus solely on several domains pertinent

to their strengths and interests | believe that it is important that this cohort of students be consulted with teachers regarding their future academic pursuits and career trajectory and allowed to concentrate on their interests with some optional

choices

On one side, it is justifiable to discover and dive into a blend of different courses as they give students opportunities to gain more insights into diverse societal facets and cultivate crucial skills, ensuring a well-rounded profile, which is the paramount factor

in thriving at later phases of life To illustrate, physical education is often understated and regarded as irrelevant to the development of intellectual capability; however, contrary to the false belief propagated widely, this course not only builds up a robust foundation for a healthy lifestyle but also encourages participants to proactively get exposed to relevant industries such as health, sports, and leisure, which can be taken as references for career potential

On the other hand, narrowing down the amount of knowledge would foster learning conditions tailored to individual needs, catalysing students’ eagerness to deepen their understanding of a particular area, which expedites their preparedness for professional aspects A poignant example of such benefits is that if pupils were specialised in literature, they might not have to partake in science subjects, namely physics, chemistry, and biology, thereby harnessing all their valuable time and efforts

in sharpening their writing and linguistic styles

To sum up, it is advisable that schools and education managers facilitate a learning environment conducive to learners’ growth with whole hearted support from teachers who guide them throughout their academic journey and offer them with range of pathways to choose from

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You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

The plans below show a village in the UK in 2000 and now

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparison where relevant

[Be] Empty building

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a significant amount of farmland to the southeast, indicating that agriculture played a notable role in the village’s economy

expansion The most noticeable change is the increase in housing, with new houses

built both to the west and southeast of the main street The former farmland has been

replaced by a residential area with more houses arranged in a circular layout, reflecting a shift away from agricultural land use Additionally, a playground has been introduced near the main street, suggesting a focus on recreational facilities for residents The shoe factory and pub have been closed, as indicated by the empty buildings, showing a decline in local industry and traditional social venues

Overall, the village has transitioned from a small, agriculturally focused settlement to

a more residential and family-oriented community, with an increase in housing and recreational facilities replacing former farmland and industrial buildings

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Task 2: Some people think watching television is bad for children in every way Others think it is good for children to get knowledge Discuss both views and give your own opinion

The impact of television on children has been a topic of debate for many years Some argue that watching television is harmful to children in every aspect, while others believe that it can be a valuable source of knowledge Both perspectives have their

merits and deserve careful consideration

On one hand, those who view television as harmful argue that excessive screen time can negatively affect children's physical and mental health Prolonged periods of watching TV can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to obesity and related

inappropriate material, such as violence, unhealthy stereotypes, or commercialized messages, which can shape their attitudes and behaviors in undesirable ways Furthermore, spending too much time in front of the television may reduce the time children spend on other important activities, such as reading, outdoor play, and social interaction, which are crucial for their overall development

On the other hand, proponents of television as a beneficial tool argue that it can be

an excellent source of educational content Many television programs are specifically designed to teach children about various subjects, such as science, history, and language Educational shows can introduce children to new ideas, cultures, and perspectives that they might not encounter in their everyday lives Moreover, television can be a valuable supplement to traditional education, offering visual and auditory learning experiences that can enhance understanding and retention of information For example, documentaries and educational channels like National Geographic or PBS can provide rich, informative content that stimulates curiosity and fosters a love of learning

In my opinion, the impact of television on children largely depends on how it is used While it is true that excessive and unsupervised TV watching can be detrimental, it can also be a powerful educational tool when used appropriately Parents and

consumption, ensuring that they are exposed to age-appropriate and educational content By setting limits on screen time and encouraging a balanced lifestyle, the benefits of television can be maximized while minimizing its potential harms

In conclusion, television can be both beneficial and harmful to children, depending on how it is utilized While concerns about the negative effects of excessive TV watching are valid, television also offers significant educational opportunities when used responsibly A balanced approach that involves careful supervision and selection of

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content can ensure that children gain knowledge while avoiding the potential

downsides

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Write at least 150 words

Number of people employed in five types of work

Sample:

The bar chart compares the number of people employed in five different types of work—sales, accounting, computing, nursing, and farming—in a specific region of Australia for the years 2001 and 2008

In both years, sales was the sector employing the highest number of people, with around 160,000 employees in 2001 and slightly more in 2008 Computing also saw significant employment, increasing from almost 60,000 in 2001 to approximately 80,000 in 2008, indicating strong growth in this sector

Accounting and nursing had similar employment levels in 2001, with about 62,000 and 57,000 employees respectively By 2008, the number of people employed in accounting dropped to about 58,000, while nursing saw a slight increase, reaching around 59,000

Farming was the least popular job type in both years Employment in this sector dropped from approximately 30,000 in 2001 to nearly 20,000 in 2008, showing a

noticeable decline

Overall, the chart indicates that sales remained the dominant sector in terms of employment, while computing and nursing experienced growth In contrast, farming saw a decline in the number of people employed over the period

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Task 2 : Despite better access to education, many adults today are still cannot read or write In what ways are they disadvantaged? What can governments do

to help them?

Sample:

In today's world, despite widespread access to education, a significant number of adults still struggle with illiteracy This inability to read or write poses numerous challenges and disadvantages for these individuals, affecting various aspects of their lives Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions from governments to ensure that all citizens have the necessary literacy skills to thrive

Adults who cannot read or write face several significant disadvantages First and foremost, illiteracy severely limits employment opportunities In a knowledge-based economy, most jobs require at least basic literacy skills, and those who lack these abilities are often confined to low-paying, unskilled labor This situation not only impacts their earning potential but also their ability to advance in their careers, leading to long-term economic instability

Additionally, illiterate adults may struggle with everyday tasks that most people take for granted, such as reading labels, following written instructions, or understanding important documents like contracts or legal forms This lack of literacy can lead to misunderstandings, mistakes, and even exploitation, as they may be unable to fully comprehend their rights and responsibilities Moreover, illiteracy can create barriers

to accessing essential services, such as healthcare and social support, where understanding written information is crucial

To address these challenges, governments can take several actions to support adult literacy One effective measure is to provide free or subsidized adult education programs specifically designed to teach basic reading and writing skills These programs should be accessible, flexible, and tailored to the needs of adult learners, who may have work and family commitments

Another approach is to integrate literacy training into other government services For example, job training programs can include literacy components, ensuring that participants not only gain vocational skills but also the literacy skills necessary to succeed in their chosen field Additionally, governments can raise awareness about the importance of literacy and encourage community-based initiatives, such as volunteer tutoring programs, to support adults who want to improve their literacy

skills

In conclusion, while better access to education has improved literacy rates overall, many adults still face the significant disadvantages of illiteracy Governments have a critical role to play in addressing this issue by providing targeted adult education

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programs, integrating literacy training into other services, and fostering community support By taking these steps, governments can help ensure that all citizens have the literacy skills needed to fully participate in society and improve their quality of life

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= Masters Science PRD Science © First Degree Arts

= Masters Arts e PhD Aris « First Degree Science

Another significant change occurred in the number of graduates holding a First Degree in Arts, which rose from 13% in 1998 to 30% in 2008, making it the most common qualification by 2008 The share of Master's degree holders in Arts remained relatively stable, slightly increasing from 12% in 1998 to 13% in 2008 The proportion of graduates with a PhD in Arts remained the smallest category, though it

increased from 2% in 1998 to 7% in 2008

Overall, while Master's degrees in Science remained the dominant qualification in both years, there was a noticeable increase in the proportion of graduates with First Degree Arts and PhD Science qualifications by 2008, indicating a diversification in the educational background of the company's workforce

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Task 2 :Some people think hosting major international sporting events brings a

disadvantages Discuss both views and give your own opinion

Sample:

Hosting major international sporting events is a topic of much debate While some believe that such events bring numerous benefits to the host country, others argue that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages Both perspectives offer valid points, which will be discussed before presenting my own opinion

On the one hand, proponents of hosting international sporting events argue that these occasions can boost a country’s economy and global reputation Large events like the Olympics or the World Cup attract thousands of tourists, which can lead to increased revenue for local businesses, such as hotels, restaurants, and retailers Additionally, the global media coverage that accompanies these events can enhance the host country’s image on the world stage, potentially leading to long-term benefits

necessitates the development of infrastructure, including stadiums, transportation networks, and other facilities, which can provide lasting benefits for the local population

On the other hand, critics highlight several disadvantages associated with hosting major sporting events One of the primary concerns is the high cost involved The expenses for building new facilities, improving infrastructure, and ensuring security can be astronomical, often leading to significant public debt Furthermore, there is the risk that the new facilities, such as stadiums, may not be fully utilized after the event, turning them into “white elephants.” Additionally, the influx of tourists and media attention can strain local resources and infrastructure, leading to potential disruptions

in the daily lives of residents There are also concerns about environmental impact,

as the construction and operation of large-scale events can lead to pollution and the

destruction of natural habitats

In my opinion, while there are undeniable advantages to hosting major international sporting events, such as economic boosts and global recognition, these benefits must be weighed carefully against the potential downsides If a country can afford the investment and has a clear plan for the long-term use of the facilities and infrastructure, the benefits can indeed outweigh the disadvantages However, without careful planning and consideration of the long-term impacts, the costs and risks may prove too high, making it a less favorable endeavor

In conclusion, hosting major international sporting events can bring significant advantages, particularly in terms of economic growth and global visibility However,

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the potential disadvantages, such as high costs, underutilized infrastructure, and environmental concerns, should not be overlooked A balanced approach, with thorough planning and sustainable development, is crucial to maximizing the benefits while minimizing the drawbacks

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