Solutions to develop tourism in ha noi = một số giải pháp phát triển du lịch thành phố hà nội đang được lên kế hoạch triển khai
I NTRODUCTION C HAPTER
G ENERAL CONCEPT OF TOURISM
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines tourism as a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon involving the movement of individuals to destinations outside their usual environment for personal, business, or leisure purposes Visitors, including tourists, excursionists, residents, and nonresidents, engage in various activities that often involve expenditures related to their travel experiences.
The Law on Tourism of Vietnam (2017) defines tourism as activities involving trips away from one's usual residence for up to one year, aimed at fulfilling the needs for sightseeing, relaxation, entertainment, education, exploration of tourism resources, or other lawful purposes.
Tourism plays a crucial role in the global economy, serving as a key driver for many nations It enhances national revenue, generates thousands of jobs, and improves infrastructure while fostering cultural exchange between locals and visitors.
Despite the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, Vietnam has gained valuable insights from navigating this crisis, which will serve as a foundation for the tourism industry to adapt to future challenges As the pandemic is brought under control, these lessons will help sustain the momentum of Vietnam's tourism development and reinforce its position both regionally and globally In this context, it is essential for Vietnam and its businesses to seek solutions for economic restructuring that align with the new era.
The Law on Tourism 2007 defines a tourist as an individual who travels or engages in travel alongside other activities, excluding situations where they are studying or working for income at their destination.
The success and growth of the tourism industry hinge on the presence of tourists, as they are the essential driving force behind tourism businesses Without tourists, the operations of these businesses lose their significance, highlighting the critical role that visitors play in sustaining and developing the tourism sector.
Tourists have diverse needs and interests, necessitating specialized tourism products to cater to all preferences In Vietnam, tourism activities are primarily classified based on territory, purpose of travel, and mode of transportation, ensuring a comprehensive approach to meet various tourist demands.
Figure 1.1.3: Types of tourism in Vietnam
* By territory: Domestic tourism, international tourism
* By geographical feature: Sea tourism, mountain tourism, plain or island tourism
* By used means of transport: Trekking or mountain climbing, motor scooter travel, car travel, plane travel, train, or ship
By used means of Transport
* By time duration: Short-term travel, long-term travel
* By age: Children tourism, tourism for the elderly
* In organizing mode: Organized travel, individual travel
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Tourism Product is
A tourism product encompasses both tangible and intangible elements, including natural, cultural, and man-made resources, along with attractions, facilities, services, and activities centered around a specific interest This integrated approach to destination marketing aims to enhance the overall visitor experience, incorporating emotional connections for potential customers Additionally, tourism products are priced and distributed through various channels and follow a defined life cycle.
Tourism services encompass a range of intangible products resulting from economic activities, including accommodation, transportation, financial services, information assistance, communications, healthcare, and personal services Recognized as the "third" industry, the service sector plays a crucial role in generating and providing products related to travel, tourism, accommodation, and catering Thus, the concepts of tourism products are intrinsically linked to tourism services and the value derived from tourism resources.
Tourism products can be categorized into two main types: tangible and intangible Tangible tourism products are physical items such as souvenirs, food, and drinks that tourists encounter during their travels In contrast, intangible tourism products exist in a non-physical form and are experienced through tourists' perceptions, primarily as services One key aspect of these intangible products is tour services, where many travelers opt to book tours with travel companies to mitigate risks related to health, culture, and overall travel experiences, ensuring their trips align with personal preferences.
Explore the diverse range of tour services available, including sea tourism, river experiences, mountain climbing, skydiving, historical research, culinary culture, diving, and festivals Additionally, transportation services are typically integrated with these tour offerings, enhancing the overall travel experience.
When planning a trip, choosing the right transportation is essential for tourists As a result, the demand for self-driving car rentals and tourist transport services is on the rise Common modes of travel include passenger buses, airplanes, trains, motorbikes, cars, bicycles, and taxis, catering to various travel preferences.
Accommodation services are a vital aspect of tourism, as quality and affordable lodging enhance travelers' experiences Various types of accommodations, including hotels, resorts, motels, homestays, and camping, allow tourists to immerse themselves in local culture Additionally, food and drink services are essential, as each destination offers unique culinary experiences that significantly impact tourists' impressions and encourage repeat visits Shopping is another key component of travel, with tourists often seeking souvenirs or gifts for loved ones The availability of diverse shopping options not only satisfies tourists but also supports the local handicraft industry, fostering economic growth in the area.
The organization and availability of entertainment activities significantly influence tourists' desire to extend their stay at a destination This aspect of travel service appeals to visitors of all ages, enhancing their overall experience and satisfaction.
12 interested in and enjoy Visitors can participate in a plenty of different types of entertainment such as sightseeing, watching cultural performances, Casino
The seventh and increasingly popular component of travel services is MICE, which stands for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Events Often referred to as conference services, MICE encompasses tourism activities designed for collective groups or businesses, incorporating rewards and events organized for employees.
T OURISM DEVELOPMENT
Tourism, a significant social phenomenon, emerged with the decline of primitive societies Historically, it was an exclusive activity reserved for the wealthy and socially privileged However, in contemporary times, it has evolved into a global activity, with billions of individuals engaging in travel and exploration worldwide.
"tourism" activities Afterwards, the trend of globalization has brought about the development of the circulation of goods and services, people have had more leisure
The advancement of technology, transportation revolutions, and the rise of the middle class have significantly increased travel demand over the years As a major source of income and foreign investment, tourism creates numerous job opportunities and essential business prospects.
Therefore, the birth and expansion of tourism is objective when socio- economic life evolves to certain conditions
Economic development is a crucial factor driving tourism demand, as highlighted by Juan Luis Eugenio-Martin et al People are more inclined to travel when their basic human needs and economic conditions are met, which typically occurs at a certain level of societal development Additionally, leisure time is essential for travel, making it a possibility only when economic stability is achieved As societies prosper, individuals seek experiential knowledge through cultural exploration, further enhancing the demand for tourism (Martin et al., 2008).
Tourism is deeply influenced by political factors, as a stable, peaceful, and welcoming nation ensures safety and reassurance for travelers seeking to explore and immerse themselves in local culture.
Tourism development relies on various resources that foster sustainable practices, including natural resources, capital, technology, and human resources, alongside effective policies and infrastructure Local and national tourism potential is significantly influenced by factors such as natural attractions, architectural heritage, cultural beliefs, and customs, all of which enhance tourism demand Additionally, the capacity to accommodate visitors is crucial, with human factors and the availability of physical facilities and transportation networks playing vital roles in delivering a satisfying tourist experience.
R OLE OF TOURISM IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
1.3.1 Tourism is an important economic sector of the country
The tourism sector plays a crucial role in the development strategies of nations, with significant economic advantages In our country, tourism contributes over 9.2% to the national GDP, highlighting its importance in driving economic growth.
According to the Vietnam Tourism Development Program, approximately 70% to 80% of foreign tourists arrive in Vietnam by air, significantly boosting the aviation sector and generating thousands of jobs annually Tourism plays a vital role in employment, particularly for youth, women, rural communities, migrant workers, and indigenous populations, while also fostering connections with various industries This sector has created 2.9 million jobs in recent years, including 927,000 direct positions, contributing to poverty alleviation and promoting socio-economic growth.
Economic tourism plays a vital role in enhancing national income by generating foreign currency, significantly contributing to the balance of international payments It boasts high export value and socio-economic efficiency, particularly in service exports, which help attract labor and create jobs The import and export of tourism services greatly impact the overall economy's balance of payments According to the General Statistics Office (2019), Vietnam welcomed over 18 million international visitors in 2019, resulting in a total tourism revenue of VND 726 trillion, reflecting a 17.1% increase from the previous year.
The tourism economy plays a vital role in attracting foreign investment and expanding both domestic and international markets As global economic restructuring progresses, the service sector, particularly tourism, increasingly contributes to a larger share of the overall economy.
Tourism is an attractive business sector due to its high return on investment, relatively low capital requirements, quick capital recovery, and low risk levels Through international and regional cooperation, countries can leverage tourism to attract foreign investment, making it a vital component of socio-economic development The growth of the tourism economy stimulates the development of various other sectors, as tourism products are inherently interdisciplinary This demand from tourists drives the tourism industry to expand its activities across different sectors, regions, and countries, ultimately enhancing domestic and international market opportunities (Tai, 2021).
The tourism economy plays a vital role in fostering regional and global integration for the country Local tourism suppliers should enhance their relationships to share experiences and develop a wide array of unique products By leveraging comparative advantages, Vietnam can attract more tourists and encourage them to spend more during their visits.
In tourist destinations, local communities can enhance their cultural understanding by engaging with visitors from diverse backgrounds, fostering an exchange of cultural values Additionally, residents have the opportunity to boost their income by trading and selling goods to tourists, contributing to the tourism economy (Trang, 2019).
1.3.2 Tourism contributes to creating jobs for workers, reducing the unemployment rate
Tourism is a sector of service economy with a lot of engagement by other sectors or industries, so it brings about a high demand for direct and indirect
The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (2019) reports that the tourism industry accounts for over 9.2% of the country's GDP and has generated 2.9 million jobs, including 927,000 direct positions This sector plays a crucial role in job creation, particularly benefiting women, youth, migrant workers, rural communities, and indigenous peoples, while also fostering connections with various other industries Consequently, tourism is instrumental in poverty alleviation and promotes socio-economic development and job generation (Linh, 2021).
1.3.3 The important role of tourism in promoting other economic sectors
Tourism activities are deeply integrated with various sectors of the economy, including agriculture, industry, handicrafts, and transportation, fostering the development of these fields This interdisciplinary coordination is essential for the expansion of tourism Additionally, tourism plays a crucial role in promoting Vietnam globally, creating opportunities for business investment and facilitating scientific and technological exchanges across different economic sectors (Ha, 2019).
Tourism development is crucial for attracting investment and enhancing economic infrastructure, including transportation, utilities, and communication networks In economically challenged and remote areas where industrial growth is not viable, tourism has emerged as a significant means of poverty alleviation and improving livelihoods Moreover, the growing trend towards cultural and ecological tourism underscores the industry's role not only in economic development but also in preserving cultural heritage and enhancing monuments to draw more visitors (Ha, 2019).
F ACTORS AFFECTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM
The state's policy mechanism is an important factor affecting tourism expansion Policies such as investment mechanism, macroeconomic policy, etc will be
17 the ones that will create positive direct impacts on the development of tourism or can also cause restraints and difficulties to tourism growth in general to businesses
State-supported mechanisms and policies will create favorable conditions for regional linkages and enhance tourism cooperation among localities By implementing suitable strategies, these initiatives will also attract both domestic and international investors to improve the technical infrastructure necessary for the growth of tourism, benefiting the local area significantly (Vu, 2020).
1.4.2 People's awareness of the importance of tourism development
Local communities play a crucial role in developing tourism products that reflect their cultural values, including customs, practices, and intangible heritage, while also showcasing the unique natural landscapes of the area This process is guided by local laws and policies, ensuring that tourism initiatives are both sustainable and respectful of the community's identity (Vu, 2020).
Tourists often perceive local residents as representatives of the area's culture and lifestyle, significantly influencing their overall travel experiences and ratings A positive impression of local people enhances tourists' emotions and perceptions of the destination To foster a welcoming and civilized image, it is crucial to raise awareness among locals about the importance of tourism development Community-based tourism exemplifies this awareness, as it empowers residents to actively participate in welcoming tourists and providing tourism services, thereby shaping and celebrating the destination's identity.
Infrastructure encompasses essential systems such as roads, railways, airports, ports, telecommunications, and utilities like water and electricity A robust infrastructure is vital for enhancing socio-economic activities and plays a crucial role in the tourism sector by ensuring convenient access to tourist attractions.
18 satisfying communication needs and other wishes of tourists during their trips (Vu,
The transportation system is a crucial component of tourism infrastructure, significantly impacting the industry's growth It ensures safety and comfort for travelers, offers affordable transportation options, and enhances travel speed while reducing travel time Improved transportation allows for longer stays at tourist destinations and facilitates access to remote areas Robust infrastructure creates a conducive environment for sustainable tourism development, whereas inadequate infrastructure hinders progress until it meets the demands of the tourism sector.
Infrastructure is essential for sustainable tourism development, as it facilitates expansion into remote areas, alleviating pressure on traditional tourist destinations Additionally, improved infrastructure helps mitigate negative seasonality in tourism and redistributes income to local communities Therefore, enhancing infrastructure is crucial for achieving sustainability in tourism development.
The analysis indicates a strong connection between tourism infrastructure and sustainable development, highlighting that a robust infrastructure system is essential for localities to effectively construct and implement sustainable development initiatives.
1.4.4 Development of material and technical facilities for the tourism industry
Tourism technical facilities encompass all the physical and technical resources utilized in the tourism sector to enhance visitor experiences These facilities and equipment are essential for developing and delivering goods and services that meet the needs of travelers during their journeys, forming the backbone of the tourism industry.
Tourism is intricately linked to various sectors of the national economy, including infrastructure such as roads, bridges, telecommunications, electricity, and water supply This highlights the essential inter-sectoral relationships that support and enhance the tourism potential (Vu, 2020).
The created system of material and technical infrastructure for tourism is an important factor affecting the satisfaction level of visitors' needs because of its capacity and utility
Tourism products and services are shaped by three essential components: tourism resources, material and technical infrastructure, and a skilled workforce While infrastructure is crucial, it is the people who utilize these facilities to unlock the potential of tourism resources and deliver services to travelers The diversity, modernity, and appeal of these material and technical facilities enhance the richness and attractiveness of tourism services For a nation or business to thrive in tourism, a robust system of physical and technical facilities is vital Thus, the development level of these facilities not only supports tourism growth but also reflects the overall tourism development status of a region or country.
According to the Vietnam Tourism Law 2017, tourism resources encompass natural landscapes, cultural values, and other natural factors that form the basis for tourism products and attractions, catering to tourism demand These resources are crucial for tourism activities and play a significant role in sustainable tourism development The quantity, type, structure, diversity, location, and exploitation capacity of these resources directly influence the strategic orientation, development goals, and selection of key tourism products, as well as the solutions identified for tourism growth.
They also have great influence on the socio-economic efficiency and development ability of tourism in the corresponding direction (Vu, 2020)
Resources are fundamental to the development of tourism products, with their scale and quality directly influencing the potential for growth The greater the quantity and quality of natural resources, the more appealing a destination becomes for tourists, thereby enhancing market expansion and development Effective tourism relies on the strategic exploitation and utilization of these resources.
"Tourism Resources" as a component of sustainable tourism development
1.4.6 Developing and training for human resources
Tourism is a vital industry globally, relying heavily on a diverse and skilled labor force due to its low mechanization and varied customer needs The success of tourism organizations hinges on the quality of their workforce, as employees interact directly with customers and contribute to achieving company goals Service quality is influenced not only by workers' qualifications and skills but also by their attitudes To thrive in a highly competitive environment, tourism companies must recognize the importance of a well-equipped workforce, emphasizing deep knowledge, sharp skills, and strong professional ethics.
The tourism industry's labor force has expanded in recent years due to industry growth; however, this expansion has not yet led to sustainable tourism development Many areas face challenges such as insufficient labor quantity and poor quality, particularly regarding the limited number of workers proficient in foreign languages Additionally, the mindset and skills of tourism employees remain constrained, with a notable lack of professionalism.
Therefore, if tourism wants to develop sustainably, the development of human resources is an extremely important factor
1.4.7 Competence of organization and management of the tourism industry
State management agencies play a crucial role in planning the tourism industry by ensuring investments align with a strategic roadmap, facilitating effective resource allocation over time, and selecting appropriate development directions for investment projects They must prioritize the preservation and maintenance of cultural heritage while establishing regulations and policies that encourage the involvement of organizations, individuals, and businesses in tourism development activities (Vu, 2020).
E XPERIENCE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT BY NATIONS IN THE REGION
According to the Global Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019 of the World Economic Forum (WEF) (Figure 1.5), Vietnam's tourism competitiveness ranks 63 out of 140 countries and territories (Dang, 2020)
Figure 1.5: Graph of ranking of tourism competitiveness of ASEAN countries
Considering the tourism competitiveness rankings in 2017 and 2019, many indicators of Vietnam's tourism competitiveness have improved significantly (Table 1.5)
The "supportive policies and conditions" index group saw a notable rise, with all indexes experiencing an increase Specifically, the international openness index improved significantly, climbing 15 places from 73rd to 58th, while neighboring countries such as Singapore, the Philippines, Laos, and Cambodia all experienced declines.
Singapore Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Vietnam The
The Competitiveness Index saw a significant rise, climbing 13 places from 35th to 22nd, while most ASEAN countries experienced a decline, with the exception of Cambodia, which improved by 2 spots Additionally, the Sustainable Environment Index increased by 8 places, moving from 129 to 121, despite drops in rankings for Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, Laos, and Cambodia Furthermore, the Priority Index for the tourism industry rose by 1 level, shifting from 101 to 100, although Thailand and Indonesia were the only countries in the region that did not follow this upward trend (Dang, 2020).
Figure 1.5: Indexes ranking the competitiveness of ASEAN countries
In the latest report on the "infrastructure" index group, the Aviation Infrastructure indicator saw a significant improvement, rising 11 places from 61st to 50th, while key competitors such as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia experienced declines Additionally, the Tourism Service Infrastructure Indicator improved by 7 places, moving from 113th to 106th, with only Thailand, the Philippines, and Cambodia maintaining their ranks, while other countries fell behind (Dang, 2020).
The recent analysis of the "supportive environment" and "natural and cultural resources" indicator groups reveals that most countries experienced an increase in rankings, with the Business Environment indicator seeing a one-rank improvement overall Notably, Laos faced a significant decline, dropping 28 places Conversely, the Cultural Resources and Tourism Business indicator showed mixed results; while Thailand improved by two ranks, the remaining countries experienced a decrease in their standings (Dang, 2020).
To foster sustainable tourism, countries must establish a long-term strategic vision to effectively utilize their tourism potential and leverage their unique strengths to attract visitors and boost revenue Vietnam, as a developing nation aiming to position its tourism sector as a key economic driver, should study the successful tourism development practices of countries with similar geographical and cultural attributes, such as China, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia By analyzing these nations' experiences, Vietnam can glean valuable insights to enhance its own tourism strategy.
1.5.1 Focus on tourism development policy
Thailand prioritizes tourism development as a key economic sector, integrating it into the national socio-economic development strategy from the outset The Thai Government recognizes the importance of tourism in driving economic growth (Phuc, 2018).
Thailand has consistently focused on enhancing its tourism development policy by adapting to historical contexts and leveraging its strengths Key strategies include an "Open Skies" policy that simplifies visa procedures, allowing citizens from approximately 55 countries and territories to visit without a visa for up to 30 days Additionally, the country offers tax exemptions and reductions on tourism-related purchases, enabling visitors to receive a 7% refund on value-added tax Local craft shops and travel agencies also benefit from VAT exemptions, further promoting tourism growth (Phuc, 2018).
Since the 1960s, Japan has emerged as a premier tourist destination globally, consistently ranking first in Asia for sustainable tourism growth in recent years This success is largely attributed to the Japanese government's commitment to strategic planning and policies aimed at enhancing tourism development Recognizing tourism as a vital economic sector, policymakers integrate it into the national socio-economic development strategy The government prioritizes capital investment to establish robust infrastructure and invests in science and technology to advance the tourism sector Furthermore, it actively works to eliminate barriers to tourism, such as inadequate promotion, high costs, and language challenges, while offering preferential policies to attract international visitors to Japan.
To foster sustainable tourism in Vietnam, the government must establish a comprehensive framework of mechanisms and policies that harness collaborative efforts for development This framework should be tailored to the unique characteristics of the tourism industry, ensuring integration across disciplines, regions, and a strong alignment with global trends.
1.5.2 Building of tourism human resources
Countries in the region are prioritizing the development of skilled human resources for tourism, recognizing that high-quality professionals enhance competitiveness in the industry Thailand, in particular, emphasizes the training of tour guides, focusing on both expertise and professional skills, with a strong emphasis on systematic foreign language training (Phuc, 2018).
To become a professional tour guide in Singapore, individuals must undergo rigorous training and pass a challenging examination to obtain a certification card Local tourism training schools offer a range of professional courses that emphasize skill development, particularly for aspiring tour guides These programs are designed to equip students with the necessary expertise to effectively engage tourists and promote entertainment and retail destinations.
32 business establishments accompanying tourism, contributing to enriching their country (Phuc, 2018)
China prioritizes the development of professional human resources in tourism, establishing a comprehensive network of training institutions and diverse programs that utilize modern teaching methods This focus on quality infrastructure demonstrates the country's commitment to excellence in tourism training Well-trained professionals have been instrumental in creating and executing effective tourism promotion strategies, significantly contributing to the evolution of China's tourism economy through four transformative stages Today, China is actively engaging in global tourism integration, showcasing remarkable resilience (Phuc, 2018).
To enhance tourism human resources, the state must implement policies that attract investment in training, strengthen tourism training institutions' technical capabilities, content, programs, and faculty It is essential to promote socialization and international collaboration to gather resources for developing tourism professionals Additionally, diversifying tourism training methods and integrating advanced science and technology into the training process will further foster and develop skilled human resources in the tourism sector.
Singapore is committed to developing "green tourism" products and establishing a unique brand that highlights its clean landscapes and environment, setting it apart from other countries The country's tourism offerings include diverse programs, such as casino experiences at Marina Bay Sands, tailored to meet the varying preferences of international travelers Singapore strategically segments its tourist market, providing customized programs for different regions, ensuring that European, Asian, Australian, and American tourists each receive experiences that cater to their specific needs and budgets.
The tourism industry has introduced an innovative product aimed at attracting visitors by leveraging BTMICE tourism technology, which encompasses Business Travel, Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions This initiative focuses on enhancing the overall experience through continuous improvements in infrastructure and services, offering tourists a variety of new options to choose from (Phuc, 2018).
POTENTIAL AND THE STAGE OF TOURISM
G ENERAL OVERVIEW OF H ANOI CITY
Hanoi, strategically situated along both banks of the Red River and the right bank of the Da River, serves as a vital political, economic, cultural, and scientific hub The city's landscape is predominantly flat, covering approximately half of its natural area, primarily in the former Hanoi region and some eastern districts of Ha Tay The remaining area consists of mountainous terrain in districts such as Soc Son, Ba Vi, Quoc Oai, and My Duc, featuring notable peaks like Ba Vi (1,281m) and Gia De (707m) Hanoi shares borders with Thai Nguyen and Vinh Phuc to the north, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, and Hung Yen to the east, Ha Nam and Hoa Binh to the south, and Hoa Binh and Phu Tho to the west.
After being merged with Ha Tay province, Me Linh district (Vinh Phuc province) and 4 communes of Luong Son district (Hoa Binh province) from August
As of 2008, Hanoi covers an area of 3,324.92 km², making it the largest city in Vietnam and ranking among the 17 largest capitals globally By April 1, 2009, the population of Hanoi reached 6,448,837, predominantly consisting of Kinh people (99.01%), along with minority groups such as the Dao, Muong, and Tay The city is divided into 30 administrative units, including Son Tay town and 12 districts: Ba Dinh, Hoan Kiem, Dong Da, Hai Ba Trung, Tay Ho, Thanh Xuan, Cau Giay, Long Bien, and Hoang Mai.
Hà Đông, Nam Từ Liêm, Bắc Từ Liêm và 17 quận huyện khác bao gồm Sóc Sơn, Đông Anh, Gia Lâm, Thanh Trì, Ba Vì, Đan Phượng, Hoài Đức, Phúc Thọ, Thạch Thất, Quốc Oai, Thanh Oai, Chương Mỹ, Thường Tín, Phú Xuyên, Ứng Hòa, và Mỹ Đức.
Hanoi, situated in a tropical monsoon region, experiences a diverse climate with four distinct seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter Spring, lasting from February to April, brings mild weather, while Summer, from May to August, is characterized by heat and rainfall Autumn, occurring from August to October, offers cooler temperatures and picturesque yellowing leaves Finally, Winter spans from November to January, marked by cold and dry conditions However, the transition between these seasons can vary significantly, with some years experiencing early cold spells or prolonged heat, leading to temperature fluctuations that can reach up to 40°C in summer or drop below 5°C in winter.
The rainy season, spanning from May to October, contributes approximately 80% of the total annual rainfall In contrast, the drier period from November to April features primarily light rain and drizzle, with December and January experiencing the least precipitation.
Hanoi experiences a unique winter cold that sets it apart from southern regions, characterized by a higher frequency of cold days and prolonged periods of low temperatures This cold season is marked by significant chilly weather and increased drizzle, contributing to a distinctive winter crop structure in Hanoi and the Northern Delta, which is particularly notable for its tropical climate.
As of 2019, Hanoi's population exceeds 8.05 million, spread across an area of 3,358.6 km², resulting in an average density of 2,398 people/km², the second highest in the country However, the population distribution is uneven, with significant disparities between urban and suburban districts as well as rural areas, a trend that is likely to continue Notably, Dong Da district has the highest population density, exceeding 42,000 people/km², while suburban areas like Ba Vi and My have considerably lower densities.
Hanoi, the largest city in Vietnam by area and the second most populous city, has a population density of less than 1,000 people/km² It features a total of 30 district-level administrative units, comprising 12 urban districts, 17 suburban districts, and 1 township, although the population distribution across these areas is uneven.
2.1.2 Some overall details about Hanoi's economic situation
In 2019, the Hanoi Party Central Committee reported that the Capital's economy experienced significant growth, with an estimated Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) increase of 7.46%, marking the highest rise in four years and surpassing the national GDP growth rate of 6.8% Additionally, the average income per capita reached 127.6 million VND, exceeding initial projections.
In 2019, Hanoi's economy demonstrated robust growth, with the industrial production index rising by 8% and export turnover reaching an estimated 17.5 billion USD, while foreign investment attracted 8.05 billion USD, positioning the city as a national leader Tourist arrivals surged to nearly 29 million, marking a 10% increase, with international visitors growing by 17% The Hanoi Department of Tourism reported that total revenue from tourism hit approximately 103,800 billion VND, reflecting a 34% year-over-year increase This data highlights 2019 as a landmark year for the capital's tourism sector.
Since late 2019 and early 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected the global economy, including the Vietnamese economy.
In 2020, tourists to Hanoi were estimated to reach 8.65 million arrivals, down 70% compared to 2019; in which international visitors were estimated at 1.11
An estimated 39 million domestic tourists were recorded, with 7.54 million actively participating in travel activities To mitigate the effects of the epidemic, businesses have taken proactive measures to restructure their markets, enhance product offerings, and improve management capabilities Consequently, there has been a noticeable decline in tourism revenue during the initial phase of the recovery.
In the first 11 months of 2020, Hanoi experienced a 46.8% contraction compared to the same period in 2019, which is notably lower than the national average decline of 58.6% The tourism industry faced significant challenges due to the Covid-19 pandemic, primarily stemming from social distancing measures that disrupted the entire service chain, including transportation, accommodation, events, and entertainment As a result, numerous accommodation providers, tour operators, and transport services were forced to suspend operations, leading many tourism workers to lose their jobs or transition to different fields.
In response to economic challenges, Hanoi city implemented a range of strategic solutions, including domestic market stimulation, budget revenue assurance, and enhancements to the investment and business environment, aimed at supporting enterprises in recovering production These measures have yielded positive outcomes for the capital's economic development, with a reported GRDP increase of 3.98% in 2020 This growth was driven by a 3.29% rise in services, 4.91% in industry, 8.9% in construction, and 4.2% in agriculture, alongside a 3.09% increase in product tax minus subsidies (Hai, 2020).
In 2021, Hanoi city actively pursued the government's "Vaccine coverage" program, achieving over 94% first-dose vaccination and 85% second-dose vaccination rates among residents aged 18 and older The city has also initiated vaccinations for children aged 12 to 17, with over 85% coverage to date These efforts are pivotal in facilitating the gradual return of students to school and restoring daily life to a new normal.
P OTENTIAL AND ADVANTAGES OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN H ANOI CITY
Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, serves as a vibrant cultural and tourism hub, boasting significant potential for tourism development Its diverse offerings encompass natural beauty, rich cultural heritage, and a dynamic social and political landscape With extensive transportation infrastructure, including eight major road routes and six railway lines, Hanoi is well-equipped to attract and accommodate tourists from around the world.
Hanoi serves as a crucial hub connecting Northern provinces, situated over 100km from 42 international and domestic airports and approximately 180km from Cai Lan port in Quang Ninh Its strategic location along key traffic routes positions Hanoi as a primary receiving and transit market for the region, while also acting as a significant supplier of tourists for the entire country.
Hanoi, as the political and administrative capital of Vietnam, hosts over 100 embassies and numerous international organizations and foreign corporate offices In recent years, it has gained global recognition by hosting significant international events, including the historic US-North Korea summit Additionally, Hanoi has had the honor of welcoming various US heads of state, further enhancing its status as a vibrant cultural center These factors collectively contribute to promoting Hanoi as a traditional cultural hub on the international stage.
Hanoi, situated on the triangular axis of the Red River Delta, covers an area of 921.8 km², primarily consisting of plains with an average elevation of 10 meters The city's landscape, characterized by the harmonious interaction of land and water, offers captivating scenery that enhances its appeal.
Located in the northern and western regions of Hanoi, the Soc Son district is characterized by its mountainous terrain and rich natural resources, including remnants of primeval forests Soc Mount, part of the Tam Dao range, rises to a height of 308 meters and is known by various names, highlighting its significance in the area.
Soc Mountain, also known as Mount Temple, is situated in Phu Linh commune, Soc Son district, and is steeped in legend as the site where Saint Giong ascended to heaven on an iron horse Alongside Soc Mountain, Hanoi features several other hills that rise from the flat landscape, including Sai Mountain in Thuy Lam commune and Adventist Mountain in Co commune.
Located in Gia Lam district and the heart of Hanoi, the Botanical Nung Mountain, also referred to as Long Do or Mountain Crowd, forms an integral part of the ancient Thang Long heritage This area, surrounded by hills from neighboring provinces, offers a diverse range of natural landscapes and cultural significance.
Hanoi serves as a central hub for tourism in northern Vietnam, offering a variety of activities such as hiking, hunting, and family weekend resorts It is strategically located at the intersection of six major railway lines, including connections to Beijing and Europe, and is accessible via eight major roads, with Hai Phong port and Cai Lan port nearby The city boasts two international airports—Noi Bai and Gia Lam—facilitating travel and linking northern provinces Within a 300 km radius of Hanoi, visitors can explore attractions like Cua Lo, Ba Be Lake, Ha Long Bay, and the scenic Tam Dao This geographical advantage enhances economic exchanges and tourism opportunities that other regions may lack Consequently, the demand for hotels, restaurants, and related services in Hanoi is substantial, catering to both incoming and outgoing travelers.
Hanoi is home to approximately 3,600 lakes, ponds, and lagoons, featuring 27 significant lakes, including West Lake, Sword Lake, and Hoan Kiem Lake West Lake, the largest, spans around 500 hectares, with an additional 800 hectares of surrounding land, making it a potential hub for major tourism and international transactions in Southeast Asia Hoan Kiem Lake, steeped in legend, is the heart of the city, showcasing Ngoc Son Temple and The Huc Bridge, and offers opportunities for diverse cultural tourism activities, such as traditional boat racing.
The Red River in Hanoi showcases a pristine, natural beauty that remains untouched by urban development, offering visitors a serene environment to enjoy the sky, clouds, and gentle waves Along its banks, there are numerous historical and cultural sites worth exploring, including Dinh Chem in Dong Ngac ward, Ghenh Temple in Long Bien district, and Dam Temple in Ninh.
Visitors to the Thuong Tin district can explore the historic Long Bien Bridge, which has stood for over a century, and the Thang Long Bridge, a symbol of Vietnam-Soviet friendship The Nhat Tan Bridge represents Hanoi's strength during international economic integration Additionally, the nearby Bat Trang traditional pottery village offers a glimpse into Vietnam's rich craftsmanship and attracts tourists from afar Arriving at Bat Trang by river provides a unique and memorable experience for visitors.
Hanoi, with its stunning natural landscapes of rivers and mountains, combined with rich cultural, historical, and humanistic tourism resources, offers significant potential for developing eco-tourism products that integrate historical and cultural experiences This unique blend is designed to attract visitors, encouraging them to extend their stays and fully immerse themselves in the local heritage.
2.2.2 Traditional craft villages associated with agriculture
Hanoi beautifully preserves the charm of the old Northern Delta countryside, featuring ancient villages, communal houses, and pagodas that maintain their unique identities over time Known historically as the "Land of a Hundred Jobs," the city boasts numerous traditional craft villages that significantly enhance local incomes and foster rural economic development The industrial landscape in Hanoi is diverse, encompassing four main groups: processing and preserving agricultural products, handicraft production, manufacturing of furniture, bamboo and rattan items, ceramics, glass, textiles, yarns, embroidery, knitting, and small mechanics, as well as the production and trading of ornamental animals.
The craft villages in the city offer a diverse range of high-quality products with beautiful designs, many of which are competitive in both domestic and international markets Among the 15 city-level tourist attractions, four are dedicated to craft villages, including Bat Trang pottery village, Hong Van ornamental creature village, Chuyen My pearl mosaic, and Van Tu tailoring Visitors can explore these craft villages and experience firsthand the various stages of production, enhancing their understanding of traditional craftsmanship.
Hanoi boasts 45 villages with significant potential for developing agriculture and craft tourism Notable examples include the Ba Vi countryside farm in Ba Vi district, which connects local farm owners and traditional craft villages to offer tourists hands-on agricultural experiences such as rice transplanting, fishing, and wild vegetable picking Additionally, visitors can learn about honey production, engage in tea-making, and interact with various farm animals at the Ba Trai Agricultural and General Service Cooperative, situated in the largest tea barn in the region.
Ba Vi district, has deployed community tourism development, specifically organizing tours and experiences from planting to fertilizing, harvesting, processing to making tea (Hai, 2020)
S TATUS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN H ANOI IN RECENT YEARS
Hanoi tourism offers a rich exploration of the city’s thousand-year-old civilization and its role as the cultural center of Vietnam The city is actively developing tourism products that leverage its unique strengths, including cultural, culinary, and craft-village tourism Key attractions such as the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Temple of Literature, Hoan Kiem Lake, Hanoi Old Quarter, National History Museum, and Bat Trang craft village are prominently featured on both national and international tourist maps Significant investments have been made to enhance these sites and organize engaging cultural activities, with the successful establishment of pedestrian-friendly spaces around Hoan Kiem Lake marking a notable advancement in attracting visitors to the capital.
Hanoi has built 4 free walking tours to discover Hanoi's Old Quarter and
"Hanoi Feelings" tour to bring experiences to guests when visiting the heritage sites and discovering the daily life of the Capital‟s people
Hanoi's tourism industry not only capitalizes on the potential of inner-city attractions but also highlights cultural and artistic heritage, exemplified by the Dao Thuc water puppetry tourism product.
Co Loa relic (Dong Anh suburban district), the area of Hai Ba Trung temple associated with the flower village of Tien Phong commune (Me Linh suburban district)
During the Covid-19 pandemic, Hanoi's tourism sector adapted by proactively developing new and diverse tourism products aimed at attracting domestic visitors Unlike previous efforts that emphasized a broad range of tourism forms, recent initiatives have concentrated on showcasing Hanoi's rich cultural, historical, and ecological heritage.
The city has made significant investments in upgrading and organizing cultural activities to combat exploitation, particularly in inner city areas A notable achievement is the successful development of walking spaces around Hoan Kiem Lake, which has greatly enhanced tourism in the capital.
Hanoi has established notable tourist attractions, including the "Vietnamese Ao Dai Space" at Lanhuong Fashion House, which aspires to position the city as a future fashion hub and a premium destination for visitors Another significant site is the "Hanoi Cultural Space" at Dong Lac communal house, showcasing and demonstrating traditional handicraft products, enriching the cultural experience for tourists exploring the city.
Hanoi's suburbs are gaining popularity for eco-tourism and resort tourism, featuring numerous tourist resorts, ancient villages, and craft villages In response, the Hanoi Department of Tourism has developed seven product groups to enhance domestic tourism The first group focuses on heritage tourism, with new offerings at significant sites such as the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, Hoa Lo Prison, Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam, and the ancient village of Duong Lam Complementing this, the second group emphasizes spiritual and cultural tourism, providing experiences at locations like the Perfume Pagoda, Tan Vien Son Thanh Temple, K9, Co Loa relic, and Soc Temple.
The third category of tourist products focuses on sightseeing, wellness, ecology, and traditional craft villages, particularly in areas with strong potential like the suburban districts of Ba Vi, Soc Son, Thuong Tin, and Dan Phuong This development aims to diversify offerings and cater to the evolving preferences of visitors.
Hanoi's vibrant culinary scene is a key tourist attraction, particularly in districts like Hoan Kiem, Tay Ho, Long Bien, and Bac Tu Liem This unique gastronomic experience showcases the city's rich flavors and traditional dishes, making it a must-visit for food enthusiasts.
The fifth category encompasses tourism products that include tourist gifts, which are linked to design and production This development also involves organizing locations to showcase OCOP products, aimed at enhancing visitor spending.
The six group are about night tourism products, also drawing attention and investment such as Decoding the Imperial Citadel, "Sacred Night Brightened with Vietnamese Spirit" of Hoa Lo Prison
Hanoi's tourism industry has enhanced its offerings by providing Hanoians with affordable high-class hotel and entertainment services at 4-5 star establishments This development aligns with the city's goal of integrating tourism products and services with nighttime economic growth, particularly in the Hoan Kiem district, which serves as the focal point for this tourism type Additionally, new adventure sports and entertainment options, such as hot air balloon rides for aerial views of Hanoi, mountain climbing, and mountain biking races in Ba Vi National Park, are being introduced to attract visitors.
2.3.2 Human resources involved in tourism activities
Hanoi is rated as a major tourist center of the country with a large tourism workforce Statistics of the Hanoi Department of Tourism show that in the period
Between 2016 and 2019, Hanoi's tourism industry employed approximately 90,500 direct workers, representing 11% of Vietnam's overall tourism workforce The proportion of trained direct workers rose from 62% in 2016 to an estimated 90% in 2019 The quality of human resources in Hanoi's tourism sector is improving, with around 80% of employees in international travel companies and 3-to-5-star hotels holding university degrees or higher and possessing skills in foreign languages and modern technology Additionally, over 2,600 licensed international tour guides in Hanoi are proficient in at least one foreign language, enhancing the region's appeal to tourists.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the tourism industry, leading to a temporary workforce reduction as many workers in travel and transportation sectors quit or changed jobs Numerous businesses, including accommodation providers and travel agencies, were forced to close, while transportation services halted operations, resulting in a sharp decline in employee numbers.
In 2022, the Department of Tourism reported that 1,550 accommodation establishments temporarily suspended operations, leading to approximately 21,500 temporary workers becoming unemployed, which represents 34% of the sector's workforce Additionally, around 13,400 workers, or 21.2%, were employed on a temporary or part-time basis, while 11,600 employees, accounting for 18.3%, left their jobs or terminated contracts Currently, only about 16,800 employees work full-time in the accommodation sector, making up 26.7% of the total workforce The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the industry, prompting many workers to quit or change jobs.
The Hanoi Tourism Department is actively preparing for the reopening of tourism by implementing a comprehensive workforce training and retraining program This initiative includes collaboration with specialized training institutions to enhance skills in community tourism and improve service standards in accommodation, catering, and shopping sectors A key focus is on promoting community-based tourism training courses aimed at local individuals involved in tourism services at attractions, craft villages, and craft streets, thereby enhancing their quality and service attitude Additionally, the Department is facilitating job exchanges to connect tourism units and businesses with the necessary human resources.
Currently, the city's infrastructure system consists of 23,272.86 km of road, Noi Bai international airport, a national railway network; and waterways on routes
Hanoi boasts a robust transportation network, with approximately 6.4 million vehicles, including 5.6 million motorbikes and 685,000 cars, alongside an additional 1.2 million vehicles from surrounding provinces This extensive traffic infrastructure enables the city to develop a diverse range of transportation options for both cargo and passengers.
G ENERAL ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN H ANOI CITY
In 2019, Hanoi's tourism sector experienced significant growth, playing a vital role in the country's overall development The city attracted nearly 29 million visitors, including a substantial number of international tourists, highlighting its appeal as a premier travel destination.
In a successful year for Vietnam's tourism industry, the capital welcomed 7 million international tourists, marking a 17% increase from the previous year, while domestic tourist numbers reached nearly 22 million, up 8% since 2018 Total tourism revenue soared to an estimated 103,800 billion VND, reflecting a remarkable 34% growth compared to the prior year.
Hanoi has strategically invested in promoting its tourism to both domestic and international markets, leveraging its rich cultural heritage and unique landscapes Key attractions include the Huong Son Scenic Area, Tan Da mineral spring, Thien Son Suoi Nga eco-tourism area, Duong Lam Ancient Village, and the historic Hanoi Old Quarter, along with significant institutions like the Museum of Ethnology and the Temple of Literature Recent initiatives, such as the night tour "Deciphering the Imperial Citadel" and the high-end cycling tour "A Different Day in the Heart of Familiar Hanoi," demonstrate the city's commitment to revitalizing its tourism sector and pursuing sustainable development.
Hanoi has emerged as a prominent venue for major international conferences and events, such as the second US-North Korea Summit and Seagame 31 These gatherings provide Hanoi with a platform to showcase Vietnam's culture, tourism, and the capital's unique identity to a global audience Additionally, this trend reinforces Hanoi's reputation as a prime destination for hosting international and regional events, solidifying its status as an attractive tourist hotspot.
Hanoi has garnered numerous prestigious international tourism awards thanks to the collaborative efforts of the city and the tourism industry Recognized by various esteemed travel organizations and information sites worldwide, the capital stands out as an impressive destination for tourists.
In October 2019, Vietnam garnered multiple prestigious awards from the World Travel Awards, including titles such as Asia's Leading Destination, Asia's Leading Culinary Destination, and Asia's Leading Cultural Destination Hoi An was recognized as Asia's Leading Cultural City Destination, while various tourist accommodations, travel agencies, airlines, and airports received a total of 25 awards Additionally, Vietnam was named Asia's Leading Golf Destination for two consecutive years, 2018-2019, following a previous win in 2017 Hanoi was nominated as one of the top 19 candidates for the World's Leading City Destination 2019, an accolade often referred to as "The Oscars of the travel industry." In 2020, despite the challenges posed by the Covid pandemic, Hanoi secured titles as Asia's Leading City and Asia's Leading Culinary Destination By 2022, TripAdvisor ranked Hanoi 2nd among the 25 most popular tourist destinations in Asia and 6th in the world.
The city has prioritized the promotion and advertising of tourism, significantly enhancing the industry's success This commitment is exemplified by a dedicated program that broadcasts the Capital's tourism on CNN, reaching international audiences Furthermore, numerous domestic news agencies have partnered with the Hanoi Department of Tourism to effectively promote the capital's attractions to both local and foreign tourists.
In recent years, the rise in visitors to Hanoi can be attributed to the influence of 59 television channels The capital has also enhanced its collaboration with various provinces to develop competitive tourism products, aiming to promote Hanoi's tourism more effectively and attractively to both domestic and international travelers.
Developing and diversifying tourism products, such as healthcare tourism, community agricultural tourism, and educational experiences like "I work as an archaeologist" or "Heritage education" at the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, aims to create engaging learning environments for children These initiatives strengthen the connection between heritage sites, schools, and local residents, fostering a deeper appreciation for cultural heritage.
The city is actively pursuing digital transformation initiatives by standardizing audio guide content in multiple languages for urban and suburban attractions This includes digitizing monuments and destinations, enabling visitors to explore sightseeing locations online before their trips Notable examples include the Vietnam Fine Arts Museum's 3D online tour and the Vietnam Women's Museum and Imperial Citadel of Thang Long, both offering immersive 360-degree tours.
In 2019, Hanoi joined UNESCO's Creative Cities Network, enhancing its reputation as a "City for Peace" and "Heroic Capital." This membership presents an opportunity for Hanoi to leverage its resources and potential, fostering innovation and creativity while addressing challenges The city aims to fulfill its strategic vision of becoming a leading creative hub and a high-quality service center both regionally and globally.
The City has consistently fostered international collaboration in creative sectors, particularly with members of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network, such as Berlin, Seoul, Kobe, and Singapore.
Hanoi is evolving into a vibrant "incubator" for creativity, particularly appealing to the youth, while preserving its traditional identity The city skillfully blends traditional and modern values, shaping a fresh and dynamic image that resonates with both locals and visitors alike.
Over the past two years as a member of UNESCO's Creative Cities Network, Hanoi has actively implemented innovative solutions and fulfilled its commitments through various community-driven activities, enhancing its image as a Creative City To harness its potential in creative design, Hanoi has accelerated the development of innovative projects and infrastructure, leading the country in creative spaces Notable examples include the Hoan Kiem Lake walking area, Trinh Cong Son pedestrian street, Phung Hung mural paintings, Vun Art cooperative (fabric mosaics), and the architectural and cultural space of the Hanoi Museum, all contributing to the city's vibrant creative landscape.
Hanoi is prioritizing the planning of cultural spaces that connect localities, focusing on transforming cultural heritages into vibrant cultural hubs The city aims to develop new pedestrian areas, including those around Thien Quang Lake, Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam, and Son Tay Citadel, which will host unique cultural and artistic events These initiatives are designed to enhance the value of local cultural heritages, fostering creative design activities that promote tourism, commerce, and the local economy.
2.4.2 Market development and revenue from tourism
* Number of tourists to Hanoi
2018 5.74 million tourist arrivals 20.3 million tourist arrivals
2019 7.025 million tourist arrivals Nearly 22 million tourist arrivals
2020 1.11 million tourist arrivals 7 54 million tourist arrivals
2021 No data 4 million tourist arrivals
2022/Q1 No data 2.8 million tourist arrivals
Table 2.4.2.1: Number of tourists to Hanoi city in the period of 2018 – 2022
Source: Vietnam National Administration of Tourism
SOLUTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HANOI CITY
P ERSPECTIVES ON DEVELOPMENT GOALS OF H ANOI ' S TOURISM BY 2025
Plan No 191/KH-UBND, issued on September 30, 2020, outlines the implementation of the Vietnam Tourism Development Strategy in Hanoi City, aligning with Decision No 147/QD-TTg from January 22, 2020 This initiative aims to ensure a synchronized and effective execution of the national tourism strategy, which includes several key highlights for the development of Vietnam's tourism sector by 2030.
To ensure sustainable tourism development in Hanoi Capital, a strategic growth plan must be established that focuses on enhancing both the scale and quality of services, as well as increasing the number and quality of tourists.
Second, it is oriented to develop high quality, diversified, branded and competitive tourism products which are imbued with national cultural identity and friendly to the environment
Third, it is needed to promote roles and responsibilities, and improve linkage and coordination among State agencies, units, and enterprises
To transform Hanoi tourism into a leading economic sector, it is crucial to achieve high growth rates and professionalism while establishing a modern and integrated technical infrastructure Emphasizing the adoption of advancements from the fourth industrial revolution and prioritizing the development of high-quality human resources will further enhance this initiative.
Expanding Hanoi tourism is crucial for preserving and promoting the capital's cultural and historical values while protecting the environment and ensuring national security By prioritizing safety, friendliness, quality, and attractiveness, Hanoi aims to become a premier destination for travelers.
D IRECTION , ORIENTATION , AND GOAL OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN H ANOI
The development of tourism products in Hanoi capital leverages the unique strengths of each region, with a focus on the City Center, bordering inner and outer suburbs, and suburban areas In the City Center, emphasis is placed on cultural heritage, culinary, shopping, MICE, and night tourism For the areas adjacent to the inner and outer suburbs, the focus shifts to cultural, festival, spiritual, resort, MICE, and agricultural tourism In suburban regions, priority is given to resort, healthcare, adventure sports, agricultural, community, cultural, festival, and spiritual tourism.
To drive recovery in tourism, it is essential to prioritize the expansion of the domestic tourist market, initially targeting residents of the capital region and surrounding provinces Following this, efforts should be directed towards attracting visitors from key tourist markets in Central and Southern Vietnam, as well as Ho Chi Minh City In parallel, the international tourist market should focus on visitors from Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia in the early stages, before broadening outreach to key markets in North America and the EU Additionally, there is potential to explore customers from emerging markets such as India, the Middle East, and Australia.
First, it is to develop tourism so that it can basically become a spearhead economic sector of the Capital, strongly promoting the development of other
Hanoi aims to transform its tourism sector into a modern, professional service industry characterized by high quality, efficiency, and competitiveness By proactively identifying development trends and embracing international integration, the city seeks to leverage advanced technologies and high-quality tourism resources as key drivers for its tourism growth.
Several speficic goals can be summarized as follows: First, from now to
2025, Hanoi will strive to receive and serve 35-39 million tourists, including 8-9 million international tourists Then, the total revenue from tourists will reach about
By 2030, tourism is projected to become a vital economic sector for Hanoi, with the city anticipated to welcome 48-49 million visitors, including 13-14 million international tourists This influx is expected to generate total revenue ranging from 270 to 300 trillion VND.
S OLUTIONS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN H ANOI CITY
3.3.1 Some solutions in the tourism development strategy of Hanoi city
Hanoi's tourism development strategy emphasizes the importance of promoting awareness of tourism's role in the capital's socio-economic growth The city aims to integrate tourism recovery efforts with epidemic prevention measures while enhancing its image as a premier tourist destination.
Tourism development must be reimagined to align with market economy principles while actively engaging with global trends It's essential to maintain consistency in perspectives, objectives, and action plans, supported by innovative mechanisms and policies that meet the evolving demands of tourism as a key economic driver.
To enhance the tourism industry, it is crucial to prioritize professional tourism development aligned with market dynamics, focusing on quality, efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability Additionally, fostering awareness of diverse and unique tourism offerings is essential for growth and innovation in the sector.
80 products based on market research results, suitable to the needs and tastes of each type of tourist
To promote sustainable development and enhance the attractiveness of the capital's tourism, it is crucial to raise awareness among individuals, businesses, and communities about the importance of civilized and tourist-friendly behavior This effort will help build and protect the image of destinations and the environment, ultimately improving the prestige and competitiveness of the tourism sector.
To foster civilized tourism behavior within the community, it is essential to promote awareness campaigns and mobilization efforts targeting tourism service providers and individuals This initiative should emphasize the importance of maintaining a clean, green, and beautiful environment Additionally, training and developing a professional team of tour guides at local attractions and zones will enhance the overall tourism experience in the city.
Hanoi must prioritize investment in physical and technical infrastructure to enhance its tourism sector Developing high-quality tourism products across travel, transportation, and cuisine is essential for elevating the city's tourist destinations Additionally, increased promotion, advertising, and collaboration in tourism development are crucial Focusing on the development of tourism human resources will further strengthen the industry Lastly, improving the capacity and efficiency of state management in tourism is vital for sustainable growth.
3.3.2.The Strategic plan combines SO, WO, ST, WT
Based on the SWOT analysis and the evaluation of the current and potential situations presented in Chapter 2, the author establishes strategic directions, including SO (Strengths-Opportunities), WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities), ST (Strengths-Threats), and WT (Weaknesses-Threats).
* S1, S2, S3 + O1, O5 => Strategic focus on investment, upgrading and developing tourism infrastructure, digital transformation
* W3, W5, W6 + O1, O2 + O3 + O5 => Strategy for promotion of domestic and
81 domestic and foreign markets (especially domestic) foreign investment
Differentiation strategy combined with diversification of tourism products
(increasing the experience for tourists)
* W1, W2, W6 + T1 development strategy for tourism human resources
* W4, W5, W6 + T1, T2, T3, T4 => Unique tourism product development strategy suitable for each tourist market (especially domestic market)
Table 3.3.2: Developing SO, WO, ST, WT Strategic plans
The author identifies key strategies based on the SWOT matrix, focusing on infrastructure development and digital transformation in tourism as a central approach Additional strategies emphasize the differentiation and diversification of tourism products, while also targeting the growth of the domestic tourist market alongside international visitors Furthermore, the development of tourism human resources is prioritized, culminating in a commitment to sustainable tourism development and the promotion of green tourism practices.
Through the selected strategies, the author has come up with ten key solutions which are presented in detail with the items from 3.3.2.1 to 3.3.2.10
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted Vietnam to reevaluate its domestic tourism market, shifting focus from international visitors While the ongoing health crisis has dampened travel demand, the government's universal vaccination efforts aim to establish a "vaccine green card" and revive economic activities in safe areas Consequently, businesses and local governments must proactively develop strategies to stimulate domestic tourism once the epidemic is fully under control.
To revive domestic demand in tourism, it is essential to collaborate with local governments, online tour operators, attractions, hotels, and airlines, focusing on trending destinations Humanistic tourism activities, such as culinary tourism and eco-tours, can enhance travel experiences by integrating outdoor activities and visits to traditional craft villages, particularly around Hanoi Travel companies should tailor their products and services to meet the needs of families seeking affordable, high-quality bonding experiences, ensuring they capitalize on the growing opportunities within domestic tourism.
In the situation that the foreign tourism market and international visitors are almost unexploited, the domestic tourism market is becoming a key in the recovery of Vietnam's tourism industry (Tuyet, 2021)
3.3.2.2 Offering the diverse and innovative tourism products
Hanoi is rich in cultural and historical significance, and it is essential for the city to actively plan for the preservation of its historical sites, craft villages, and cultural heritage To enhance tourism, Hanoi should diversify its offerings by introducing new products such as medical tourism, healthcare tourism, community agricultural tourism, educational tourism, and student experiences Additionally, piloting the night economy in Hoan Kiem district and other suitable areas, in conjunction with activities like culinary tourism and walking streets, will enrich visitor experiences, extend tourist stays, and drive overall tourism growth.
Hanoi is committed to enhancing its physical and technical infrastructure to attract resources for tourism development The city aims to create high-quality tourism products in areas such as travel, transportation, and cuisine to elevate the overall quality of its tourist destinations Additionally, there will be an emphasis on promotion, advertising, and collaboration in tourism development, alongside a focus on cultivating skilled tourism human resources To ensure effective state management of tourism, Hanoi will prioritize capacity building and operational efficiency in the sector moving forward.
The city is prioritizing the rapid implementation of significant tourism development investment projects, including the Kim Quy cultural park in Dong Anh, a multi-purpose entertainment complex in Soc Son, and amusement parks in Tay Ho Efforts are also underway to enhance the cultural and historical significance of the Thang Long Imperial Citadel and to preserve traditional craft villages like Bat Trang ceramics and Van Phuc silk weaving Additionally, the city aims to attract investment in hotel-school projects to improve human resources in the tourism sector, develop a tourist shopping center, and establish transit points for visitors Effective organization of bus routes connecting the city center to major attractions is also a key focus (Thang, 2021).
To develop high-quality tourist destinations and attractions, it is essential to replicate successful operational models Key tourist sites include the Ba Dinh political center, featuring the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the Presidential Palace, Ho Chi Minh Museum, and Bach Thao Park, alongside the world heritage site of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long and the Van Mieu - Quoc Tu Giam monument Other notable areas are the Old Quarter, Hoan Kiem Lake, the West Lake vicinity, Co Loa relic site, Dao Thuc water puppetry, Hai Ba Trung temple, Soc Mountain, Perfume Pagoda, Ba Vi region, ancient Duong Lam village, Thay Pagoda, and Tay Phuong Pagoda Additionally, Bat Trang ceramic village, Van Phuc silk weaving, and Ha Thai lacquerware exemplify community tourism and the integration of traditional craft villages with other tourist attractions (Thang, 2021).
Upgrading tourism infrastructure is crucial for enhancing the tourist experience in Van Vinh by developing display centers, product showcases, parking facilities, restrooms, and improved Wi-Fi coverage Investing in new, eco-friendly technologies and relocating environmentally harmful businesses to the suburbs will help address pollution issues Additionally, creating designated areas for environmental remediation and promoting craft villages are essential steps A coordinated effort among agencies is necessary to establish a safe and clean city, ultimately shaping Van Vinh's image as a civilized capital in the eyes of tourists.
S OME SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.4.1 For Government and Central-authority agencies
The digital technology revolution, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic, necessitates rapid digital transformation in Vietnam's tourism sector to ensure its current and future development However, this transition faces significant challenges, including a shortage of financial, technological, and human resources, cultural barriers within organizations, insufficient data for analysis, limited visionary leadership, and reluctance in adopting new technologies These obstacles have profoundly impacted the effectiveness of digital transformation in Vietnam's tourism industry.
As the world embraces the industrial revolution and undergoes significant digital transformation across various sectors, Vietnam must accelerate its own digital transformation to keep pace with advanced nations The Vietnamese government, along with various ministries, sectors, and localities, is actively taking steps to enhance digital transformation in socio-economic fields Notably, the tourism industry in Vietnam is adopting digital technologies to promote tourism products and develop smart tourism initiatives.
To successfully and swiftly implement digital transformation in the tourism industry, it is essential to focus on enhancing destination management and development, completing the digital information system, and supporting businesses in adopting information technology Additionally, promoting awareness and providing training on the application of digital technology will play a crucial role in this process.
3.4.1.1 Changing perceptions in the tourism industry community
To thrive in the tourism sector, it is essential for industry management and businesses to effectively communicate the mission, necessity, and urgency of digital transformation to their employees Emphasizing the significant benefits of digital transformation for socio-economic development, particularly within tourism, is crucial The tourism industry must wholeheartedly adopt an innovative mindset, fostering an environment that encourages the testing and application of new technologies Additionally, collaboration with state agencies, information technology industry associations, and tourism industry associations is vital for successful digital integration.
Establishing a controlled trial legal framework is essential for the development, testing, and application of innovative products, services, and business models within Vietnam's tourism industry This involves reviewing and amending existing legal documents to address new relationships emerging from digital transformation Encouraging business innovation, fostering start-ups, and promoting intellectual property rights are crucial for facilitating this transformation Additionally, the promulgation of supportive legal documents will create an environment conducive to the emergence and growth of digital technology-based solutions, including the Internet of Things and cyberspace applications in tourism.
3.4.1.3 Development of digital information system infrastructure
The digital information system infrastructure is crucial for the tourism industry's digital transformation To support growth and development, it is essential to invest adequately in telecommunications infrastructure, ensuring seamless connectivity and enhanced service delivery.
The tourism industry must prioritize the rapid development and enhancement of telecommunications infrastructure, leveraging the latest mobile technology, particularly 5G and cloud computing This strategic initiative is essential for modernizing businesses and establishments within the sector.
3.4.1.4 Developing a digital platform in the tourism industry
Developing a digital platform is a revolutionary approach to accelerate digital transformation, cut costs, and enhance efficiency in various industries, including tourism These platforms are readily available and facilitate shared access, eliminating the need for significant investments in new software development In the tourism sector, a comprehensive digital information system is established, allowing businesses and customers to access information swiftly and accurately, ultimately saving time and money Furthermore, there are numerous digital platforms that can be widely implemented across multiple fields related to tourism, such as e-commerce, healthcare, education, transportation, finance, and banking.
3.4.1.5 Enhancement of applying digital technology in advertising tourism products
Tourism industry managers must swiftly adapt to emerging trends by leveraging digital technology for product promotion, transactions, and effective tourism management to meet evolving customer needs Regular training courses for local tourism managers and businesses are essential to enhance their skills in utilizing information technology applications Furthermore, the tourism sector should actively promote digital tools that help tourists identify safe destinations and service providers while staying updated on industry information and activities.
The city needs to focus on market research, research on trends and needs of international tourists and domestic tourists to Hanoi; building a database system of
In Hanoi, modern information technology is being leveraged for market research and visitor statistics, utilizing telecommunications and the Internet to accurately gauge tourist numbers Additionally, the city is analyzing and learning from the tourism strategies of competitors such as Da Nang, Quang Nam, Ho Chi Minh City, as well as international destinations like Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and Siem Reap.
3.4.2.2 Promotion of domestic and international tourism
Hanoi's domestic tourism promotion initiatives focus on engaging local visitors through participation in significant events like the National Tourism Year and various cultural and sporting activities The city utilizes diverse media channels to promote tourism and enhances visibility at key transportation hubs, including railway stations and airports Additionally, Hanoi organizes conferences and seminars to foster regional collaboration and actively participates in international tourism fairs The city also welcomes caravans and international press to further boost its tourism profile.
Hanoi's tourism promotion programs focus on attracting international visitors through a variety of strategies These include organizing promotional events, marketing Hanoi's attractions in key markets such as Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, the Pacific, North America, and Europe, and participating in international tourism fairs Additionally, the city promotes its tourism through international media and facilitates visits for travel agencies and foreign press to explore local destinations and services Hanoi also engages in conferences and seminars abroad to further enhance its tourism visibility in both established and emerging markets.
3.4.3.1 Building and innovating fasinating new tourism products
To attract international tourists and engage domestic travelers, businesses must prioritize the renewal of their tourism products In light of the evolving demands of the tourism market during the current and post-COVID-19 era, investing in innovative and appealing offerings is essential for sustained growth and competitiveness.
Hanoi offers a diverse range of tourism products, prominently featuring cultural tourism, resort tourism, community tourism, and rural tourism Among these, cultural tourism stands out, providing tourists with authentic experiences of local lifestyles, traditions, history, and arts, as well as unique cuisine and handicrafts These experiences are creatively designed to showcase the beauty and identity of Hanoi's local culture Additionally, there is a focus on developing cultural, architectural, and landscape tourism products that cater to short trips and small groups Emphasizing eco-friendly practices, community eco-tourism products are being developed with green tourism elements, including sustainable destinations and eco-conscious service facilities.
3.4.3.2 Applying digital technology in media work, promotion & advertising and sales
Promoting digital technology is crucial, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has heightened the importance of mobile devices and digital tools To adapt to the evolving tourism market, it is essential to invest in digital communication solutions for tourism promotion, moving away from traditional public relations methods like roadshows and fairs.
L IMITATIONS OF THE THESIS
The author faced challenges in accessing tourism data for Hanoi due to the significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Vietnam's tourism sector This lack of comprehensive data has resulted in a qualitative assessment of the capital's tourism activities, which lacks a solid scientific foundation for effective implementation in the 2022-2025 period To enhance the objectivity of the evaluation, the author emphasizes the need for additional scientific studies Feedback from the scientific council, educators, and lecture attendees is sought to improve the thesis and ensure a more rigorous academic approach.
In chapter 3, the author has researched for findings of the main contents of tourism development activities in Hanoi city as follows:
- Giving out the Government's views on the tourism development of Hanoi city in the new situation in the period of 2022 - 2023
- Presenting the directions, orientations and goals for tourism development in Hanoi city and proposing some solutions to develop tourism in the city
- Solutions for the development of tourism in Hanoi city
- Some suggestions to the Government and Central-authority agencies and local authorities
Chapter 3 focuses on fostering innovation within Hanoi's tourism industry, enabling it to adapt to current trends in tourism development The goal is to establish tourism as a key economic driver for the capital of Hanoi.
Hanoi is strategically developing its tourism industry as a key economic sector, enhancing its global brand and advancing the capital's green economy through effective advertising and promotion This growth has significantly contributed to the overall socio-economic development of the city, as evidenced by industry indicators from 2018 to 2019 Despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the implementation of Government Resolution 128/NQ-CP and proactive measures by tourism management agencies have facilitated a robust recovery in both domestic and international tourism activities The tourism sector in Hanoi is adapting to the new normal, and with the collective efforts of localities, businesses, and communities, it is poised for a swift recovery, reaffirming its vital role in Vietnam's economy.
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