4.2, Regarding the practical aspect: The results of research on role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces showed the achievements attaine
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
TRAN THI THUY TRANG
THE ROLE OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION — THE RESEARCH AT THE LOCALITIES OF SOUTH CENTRAL PROVINCES
Major: POLITICAL ECONOMICS
Code: 9310102
SUMMARIZATION OF DOCTORAL THESIS
HA NOI - 2024
THE WORKS THAT ARE COMPLETED
AT NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY
Scientific supervisor: Vice Pro.Dr TO DUC HANH
Reviewer 1:
Reviewer 2:
Reviewer 3:
Thesis is protected before Council of Thesis Assessment
National Economics University
Thesis can be learnt at:
- National library
- Library of National Economics University
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PREAMBLE
1 Necessity of topics The environmental polution results in economic damages, influenced in business and production activities of human It has more and more complicated tendency, a bad impact
on business and production, social life directly Hence, all human is required to participate
in environmental protection, including each country with active participation of
government levels and entire population, including each locality of provincial level, the role
of provincial level government is very important
South Central is a land belonged to central region of Vietnam, has the advantages on resources and favorable geographical location Travel and transport service that developed
strongly created the favorable conditions for economic development of region However,
economic development also puts the challenges on environmental protection, due to
business and production activities of enterprise discharged the wastewater without treatment
into envirnment While the enterprise does not invest in machinery or equip the treatment
system of types of waste into envirnment due to high cost or environmental protection
awareness of population is low Besides, there are also causes from role of provincial level
government to environmental protection Although the government of South Central
Provinces endeavours to enhance the role of provincial level government to environmental
protection, the environmental polution status in these provinces still exists
Hence, the reseach of role of provincial level government to environmental protection has the scientific meanings supplemented the theory on role of provincial level
government to environmental protection, contributed to creating the scientific basis in order
that the provincial level government implements the policies of environmental protection,
especially the enhancement of role of provincial level government in South Central
Provinces to environmental protection From reason above, the postgraduate chooses the
topics: “The role of provincial level government to environmental protection — The
research at the localities of South Central Provinces” that is carried out from a scientific
perspective of political economics major to make the reseach topics with practical
contributions of theory as well as practice
2 Objectives and research tasks 2.1 Research objectives The thesis generalizes theoretical basis and practical experiences on role of provincial level government to environmental protection On that basis, the thesis researches
the role status of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central
Provinces, builds the objectives, proposes the direction and solutions to enhance the role of
provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
2.2 Research tasks
- To codify the theoretical basis and practical experiences on role of provincial level government to environmental protection
- To analyse the role status of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces, period from 2016-2021 From that analysis, the achievements, limits and cause of limits on role of provincial level government to environmental protection are shown
- The thesis proposes directions, basic objectives and main solutions to enhance the role
of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces to
2030
3 Subject and research scope 3.1 Research subject The thesis researches the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces of Viet Nam
3.2 Research scope
- Regarding the content: the thesis only concentrates in researching the role of People’s Committee to natural environment protection, including the research of environmental protection of land, water, air from a research perspective of political economics major
- Regarding the space: the thesis researches the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces, including the research and survey in
03 provinces: Da Nang, Binh Dinh, Khanh Hoa
- Regarding the time: Secondary data that author analysed the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces from 2016-2021
Regarding the survey data: author carried out during 01/03/2023 — 01/08/2023 and proposed the solutions to enhance the role of provincial level government to environmental protection
to 2030
4 New contributions of thesis:
4.1 Regarding the theoretic aspect
- Firstly, the thesis built the frame of reseach on content of role of provincial level government to environmental protection, including: (1) making the plan; (2) issuing the policy; (3) organizing and implementing; (4) inspecting the environmental protection
Comparing with researches of Maund, K (2018); Gomez, P (2021); Haider, S and Co- worker (2023) and previous researches, the thesis discussed further the contents of policy issuance of provincial level government in connection with practice of environmental protection This is a basis in order that provincial level government has organized and carried out the activities of environmental protection at the locality, including the policies:
development of infrastructure, application of science and technology, development of human resouces, promulgation of environmental protection
Secondly, beside the elements: (1) the development of economics — society; (2) the people’s awareness; (3) the development of science and technology that was discussed in researches of Kaparov (2018); Nurtazin (2018); Lu, Liu, Chen, Long and Yue (2019), the author said that it will directly impact on issuing the decisions of duly environment
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management The thesis discussed further the impact of elements: (i) Capacity,
qualification, spirit and responsibility of civil servants managed and protected the
environment; (ii) the collaboration in organization and implementation of environmental
protection; (iii) the role and responsibility of people to environmental protection The
supplemental elements can support the assessment of level participated in people’s activities
of environmental protection, help the provincial level government make the policies of
environmental protection punctually and effectively
4.2, Regarding the practical aspect:
The results of research on role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces showed the achievements attained as well as existed
limits: (1) the provincial level government issued the documents and policies on
environmental protection that hasn't kept up with the process of social-economic
development at the locality; (2) the efficiency of organization and implementation of
environmental protection was not high At the same time, the thesis also explained the
causes of said limits, including: (i) the civil servant’s capacity of environmental
management has not met demand of digital technology application on environmental
protection yet; (ii) the collaboration of relevant agencies in environmental protection has not
attained the effect yet; (iii) the provincial level government has not promoted the people”s
role and responsibility in activities of environmental protection yet
On the basis of reseached results, the author has proposed 04 solutions in order to promote the role of provincial level government to environmental protection: (1)
the enhancement of capacity, qualification, liable spirit of environmental management
cadres, including: training and equipping the knowledge to civil servants of environmental
management with deep skills and operations in environmental protection area, foreign
language, informatics; (2) the increase of collaboration of relevant agencies in
environmental protection; (3) the promotion and application of modern science and
technology achievements in environmental protection, like the application of technology in
biological waste treatment, environmental supervision and analysis; (4) the provincial level
government must promote the people’s role and responsibility participated in environmental
protection activities
5 Layout of thesis:
The thesis consists of 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview and research method on role of provincial level government to environmental protection
Chapter 2: The issues on theory and practical experiences on role of provincial level government to environmental protection
Chapter 3: Role status of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
Chapter 4: Direction and solution for enhancement of role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
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CHAPTER 1 THE OVERVIEW AND RESEARCH METHOD ON ROLE OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
1.1 Overview of research works related to topics of thesis 1.1.1, Research works abroad
- Research works on environmental issues and elements influenced in environmental polution
Feng, G., Tian, C., Li, S., & Xu, F (2017), authors say that at present many industrial zones promote the local economy growth, caused the environmental polution and resources waste.; Liang, L., Wang, Z., & Li, J (2019) with research “The effect of urbanization on environmental pollution in rapidly developing urban agglomerations”’, the environmental polution comes from wastewater discharged every day due to daily living activities of population (Ng et al., 2014), carbon emissions from urban expansion (Lai et al.,2016), industrial wastewater pollution (Nedved et al., 2006), industrial dust pollution (Lamb, 2010), industrial solid waste pollution (Cai et al., 2018) due to industrial production and atmospheric pollution due to fuel burning, such as sulfur dioxide (Liu and Partner, 2017)
He (2006), Lau et al (2014) says that the investment R & D, FDI and technology progress is considered as main element influenced in environmental polution, Lin va Liu (2016), Liu Kui & Lin Bogiang (2018) researched the indexes on comprehensive environment polution, including sulfur dioxide, smoke and dust, wastewater and solid waste
in order to measure the level of environmental polution at the locality
- Research works on role of government levels to environmental protection The research on role of state to environmental protection with Visseren-Hamakers (2015); Berkhout and partner (2015); the research of taxation policy on environmental emissions in order to protect the environment with Pollack and Hafner-Burton (2010) Felix Grey (2018) According to Andrej Ficko and Andrej Bontina (2019), human’s awareness plays an important role in environmental protection According to Claire Brunel, (2019) the combination between environmental policy, innovation and production is an important element in strategy of sustainable economy development that author researched
The research on issues of planning and environmental protection According to Susan Buckingham -Hatfield & Bob Evans (1992), the planning of environmental protection is the formation, assessment and implementation of environmental protection policy, Richard D
Margerum (1997) says that the planning of environmental protection will include the comprehensive environment protection According to Ortolano (1984), Alan Gilpin (1996), says that the planning of environmental protection is in order that the provincial level government has attained the objectives that the locality needed
The research on role of social organizations to environmental protection with Babu,
S C., Mavrotas, G., & Prasai, N (2018), Xu, X (2021),Tan Yutong (2020), Chen, Jielin (2020) the law awareness will regulate the relationships between the intent and behavior of environmental protection actively Lin Jiayi (2021) researched whether the inspection of Central environment protection improved the air quality
According to Hongru Wang, Chengming Fan, Sicheng Chen (2021), the impact of environmental protection inspection on environmental actions of enterprise in China,
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authors find that environmental protection inspection related to considerable changes in
environmental actions of enterprise Hence, authors have recommended a long-term
inspection mechanism and encouraged the enterprises to carry out green transformation to
practice in the future
1.1.2 Domestic research works
- The researches on environmental issues and environmental protection Phan Thuc Nhu (2002), Do Trong Hung (2015), in order to create the environment for sustainable development needed the balance in economic development with environmental
protection Or doctoral thesis of Nguyen Thi To Uyen (2017), in order to develop the national
ecnomics needed the cohesion between environmental protection and social economic
development, the project on planning of environmental protection, the completion of legal
mechanism on participation of social organizations in environmental protection in Viet Nam now
Nguyen Dinh Viet, Dinh Van Hoang (2022), in the research “harmonious combination between social - economic development and environmental protection”, the
author says that in order to meet the rapid, sustainable demand of development connected
the environmental protection, the locality must promote the regional economy restructuring
with growth model innovation based on high technology application and digital conversion;
complete the modern, synchronized infrastructure system, created the high consent in
awareness at all levels, sectors, population and community; develop the harmony between
the economy and environmental protection
- The research on role of levels government to environmental protection The research on role of state issued the policy on environmental protection, Le Xuan Truong (2017) says that an important tool that carried out the policy of Party to
environmental protection and developed the sustainable economics is a financial policy, Le
Van Thang (2010), Nguyen Minh Hang (2019), Pham Van Ninh, Nguyen Tien Dat, Nguyen
Vu Tuong (2008) needed timely and correct measures to prevent and minimise the
substance caused the environmental polution; Le Thi Thanh Ha (2014), the state can not
delegate the management of natural resources and environment to any subject
The research on role of state in the planning of environmental protection, Vu Quyet Thang (2005), Luu Duc Hai (2008) says that the planning of unreasonable economic
development will lead to environmental polution condition that could not be settled; Nguyen
Huy Anh (2015), Nguyen Quynh (2022), the author has determined the objectives of
environmental protection planning to prevent, control the environmental polution
The research on role of levels government in organization and implementation of environmental protection work, Pham Dinh Tuyen (2022) has researched the process of
collecion and handle of household solid waste, Dao Van Hien, Do Lan Chi (2022), Nguyen
Thu Huyen (2022), Pham Dinh Tuyen, Han Tran Viet (2022), the authors have suggested
the solutions to enhance the role of provincial level government to solid waste management
The research on role of local government in the inspection of environmental protection, author — Hoang Van Thuc (2023) says that the inspection work on environment
is one of the effective tools of state management work on environmental protection Nguyen
Quoc Tuan, Chau Loan (2022) have focused on environmental protection when the
appraisal of project; the appraisal of environmental impact report The periodic and
unexpected inspection, supervision will be conducted in order that the environmental
protection work is carried out better
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1.2 Research gap and analytical framework of thesis 1.2.1 Research gap
Firstly, the researches only concentrate on the reseach of environment polution and environmental protection Feng, G., Tian, C., Li, S., & Xu, F.,(2017), Liang, L., Wang, Z., &
Li, J.,(2019); Ng et al.(2014), Lai et al.,(2016), Nedved et al.,(2006), Cai et al.,(2018), Lamb (2010); He (2006), Lau et al Lin va Liu (2016), Liu Kui va Lin Boqiang (2018), Phan Thuc Nhu (2002), Do Trong Hung (2015), Nguyen Thi To Uyen (2017), Nguyen Dinh Viet, Dinh Van Hoang (2022)
Secondly: The research on role of state to environmental protection, some reseach works:
The researches concentrate on the reseach of state role issuied the policy of environmental protection, Hilar French (1992); MA Yunze (2011), Global environmental fund conference (2014) Le Van Thang (2010), Le Xuan Truong (2017), Le Thi Thanh Ha (2014), Visseren-Hamakers (2015); Berkhout and partner (2015); Pollack and Hafner- Burton (2010), Felix Grey (2018), Claire Brunel (2019)
The research on role of state in the planning of environmental protection with Susan Buckingham -Hatfield & Bob Evans (1992), Richard D Margerum (1997), Ortolano (1984), Alan Gilpin (1996), Vu Quyet Thang (2005), Luu Duc Hai (2008), Nguyen Huy Anh (2015), Nguyen Quynh (2022)
The research on role of state in the implementation of environmental protection with Nguyen Thu Huyen (2022), Pham Dinh Tuyen (2022), Pham Dinh Tuyen, Han Tran Viet (2022), Dao Van Hien, Do Lan Chi (2022); Andrej Ficko va Andrej Bon¢ina (2019), Do Thi Ngoc Lan (2011) Nguyen Minh Hang (2019), Babu, S C., Mavrotas, G., & Prasai, N
(2018), Chen, Jielin (2020)
The research on role of state in the supervision, inspection of environmental protection with Xu, X.,(2021), Tan Yutong (2020), Hoang Van Thuc (2023), Nguyen Quoc Tuan, Chau Loan (2022)
Hence, the overview of previous research works related to research topics shows that research subject of previous works is independent to the subject and contents that author researched Up to now, there have been no projects that researched the role of provincial level government to environmental protection from political economy perspective This is a gap that continued to be reseached in the thesis deeply
1.2.2, Research questions:
The thesis is carried out on the basis of research questions:
Question 1: How is the role of provincial level government to environmental protection? Why does the role of provincial level government to environmental protection need? Which contents and elements does the role of provincial level government to environmental protection show and rely?
Question 2: Which achivement, limit does the role and status of provincial level government to environmental protection have in South Central Provinces during 2016-2021?
What are causes of limit?
Question 3: In order to enhance the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces from present to 2030, which solutions are carried out?
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Question 4: Are some recommendations to the Government researched for amendment, supplementation or issued the mechanism, policy for environmental
protection?
1.2.3 Analytical framework of thesis
In order to carry out contents of thesis above, the author has arranged the approach sequence like the following research framework:
SCIENTIFIC BASIS | [ ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION |
Role situation of General assessment
on condition of achievement, limit and causes of limit
on role of provincial
- Some issues on environment - The elements influenced in ¬
and environmental protection tole of provincial level govemment provincial level
- Basic issues on role of provincial level toenvironmental protection goverment
govemment o environmental - Environmental protection
protection experience of provincial level
+ Notion and characteristic onrole govemment and experienced
of provincial level govemment to lessons of environmental
environmental protection protection to government of
+ Role content of provincial level South Central Provinces
goverment to environmental
protection
protection in South Central Provinces level govemment to environmental
protection in South Central Provinces
ˆ
Y
Direction, solution enhanced the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces to 2030
Image 1.1: Research framework of thesis
Source: Author
In order to carry out the research framework above, the research model of thesis is implemented, as follows:
The environmental protection construction of
apparatus and implementation of environmental protection
in provincial region
The construction of strategy, planning, plan of environmental protection at the locality on the basis of strategy, planning, plan of environmental protection of
state
Role of provincial
level government
to environmental protection
Supervision, inspection, verification of management organization work and adjustment of environmental protection activities in provincial region
The issuance of machanism, policy of environmental protection at the locality on the basis of implementation
of machnism, environmental protection policy of state
Image 1.2: Research model of thesis
Source: Author
1.3 Research method of thesis 1.3.1, Main methods of thesis Specific methods of political economy is a scientific abstraction method in order to dismiss the secondary aspects temporarily that is not related to the role of provincial level government to environmental protection directly
Comparative method is used to compare the environmental polution status of localities: Binh Dinh, Khanh Hoa, Da Nang; to compare the amount of waste, generated wastewater at research localities, level of environmental polution in provinces
Descriptive statistics method is used to describe the role of provincial level government to environmental protection and author uses this method to specify the assessment opinion of household, enterprise and cadre of state management to environmental issues of locality by synthesis, treatment and author analyses the inquiry table, interview and this is declared by tables
Exel data handle method is used to handle the inquiry data and interview in order to detect the similarities and differences of subjects who responded the survey and sumed up, drew comments, assessment of role and status of provincial level government to environmental protection On that basis, the author proposes the directions and solutions in order to enhance the role of provincial level government to environmental protection
1.3.2, Method of information collection
- Secondary data collection: thesis uses the source of secondary data by collecting the information from scientific works published
- Primary data collection: this source of data is used with inquiry method, data collection by reality survey of author by inquiry form and interview skill to people and state management cadre on environmental protection in South Central Provinces
i) Allocation of Control chart ii) Construction of inquiry form
In order to collect the inquiry data, the author builds two types of inquiry form:
+ Inquiry form to enterprise household/people + Inquiry form to card for state management cadre on environmental protection iii) Regarding the scale
Regarding the scale, the author uses scale of Likert 5 points in order to assess and remark persons who are questioned on level impacted on the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces, the author has conducted the selection of 400 observations, including the postgradute has planned the survey of each area in South Central Provinces, including the survey of 100 experts, environmental management cadres and survey of people at the localities where the author researched
iv) Design of questionnaire v) Structure of questionnaire
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CHAPTER 2 ISSUES ON THEORY AND PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ON ROLE OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
2.1 Some basic issues on environment and environmental protection 2.1.1 Environment and environmental polution
According to author, the environment can be understook under two meanings, broad meaning and narrow meaning According to broad meaning, “the environment can be
understook as all social and natural elements that are necessary for living, production of
human, like the natural resources, air, land, water, social relation” According to, the
environment only includes the social and natural elements related to life quality of human
directly, like the student’s environment including the school and teachers, friends and
internal regulations of school
Environmental polution is a dirty nature environment phenomenon and physical, chemical, biological properties of environment that are changed and had a bad impact on
health of people and other creatures in environmental polution nature, especially the
emission activity from life, living, production of human caused
- The harmfulness of environmental polution to economic activities Firsly, economic damages due to cost for health care increased
Secondly, economic damages due to impact on agricultural production
Thirly, damages to travel activity and construction activity Fourth, economic damages due to cost of environmental improvement
Fifth, economic damages due to arising and environmental conflict because issue of environmental protection and economic development are not harmonized
- The harmfulness of environmental polution to social activity
Firsly, the environmental polution will influence in people’s health Secondly, the environmental polution will increase the rich and poor differentiation
in the society indirectly
2.1.2, Environmental protection and necessity of environmental protection 2.1.2.1 Notion on environmental protection
According to author, the environmental protection can be understook as the activities against every violation in order to keep the fresh, clean environment; to ensure the
ecological balance, to prevent, to overcome the bad consequences that people and nature
caused the environment; to exploit and use reasonably and save natural resources
2.1.2.2 The necessity of environmental protection Firsly, the environmental protection will develop the sustainable economics Secondly, the environmental protection is an essential need in order to maintain the survival and people’s development in the present and future
Thirly, the environmental protection will be useful for economy
The fourth, the environmental protection is to oppose the BDKH and ensure the social resources
2.2 Some basic issues on the role of provincial level government to environmental protection
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2.2.1 Notion, characteristic and necessity on the role of provincial level government to environmental protection
2.2.1.1 Notion and characteristic on the role of provincial level government According to author, we can understand: the role of provincial level government to environmental protection is that the provincial level government uses all administrative and economic measures influenced upon the nature, socio-economic activities, economic organizations and population classes in order to prevent, overcome the environmental polution, regenerate, enhance the environmental quality for socio-economic development in Binh Dinh Province and contribution to sustainable economy development of nation
Main objectives of the provincial level government on environmental protection are the sustainable development, ensure the balance between social — economic development and environmental protection The social — economic development at the locality will create the potential of environmental protection On the contrary, the environmental protection will create new natural and social potentail for social — economic development of such locality
Subject to natural condition, economics — society, political system, development objective
of each locality, the objective of management work implementation of provincial level government on environmental protection can differ from
The role of provincial level government to environmental protection in the market economy has the basic characteristics, as follows:
Firsly, the provincial level government is the most important organization of local level government that carried out directly and was a co-ordination center in all aspects of the locality
on environmental protection
Secondly, the provincial level government is an agency that deployed the policies with solutions of implementation in accordance with reality of environmental protection at the locality directly
Thirdly, the provincial level government is an agency that could build and organize the implementation of policies, legal normative documents on environmental protection at the locality on the basis of creative application of law, policies of state in accordance with conditions, circumstances of locality
The fourth, the provincial level government is a centre that combined the political and social organizations at the locality to the organization of environmental protection implementation
2.2.1.2 The necessity on the role of provincial level government to environmental protection
The environmental protection needs having the role of provincial level government and this is an objective and necessary condition due to:
Firstly, the environmental protection needs having the conduct, co-ordination from centre in the scope of one locality, that is the role of provincial level government
Secondly, the environmental protection in provincial region needs having the strategy, planning in order to avoid the phenomenon of local benefits, immediate benefits and destroy the environment
Thirdly, the provincial level government is an agency that used the system of legal documents as a powerful instrument in order to carry out its role environmental protection
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Fourth, the provincial level government is an agency that implemented the policies
on environmental protection of state and issued policies on environmental protection in
provincial region
2.2.2 Role and content of provincial level government to environmental protection 2.2.2.1 Construction of strategy, planning of environmental protection at the locality
on the basis of strategic application, environmental protection planning of state
Firstly, Construction of environmental protection strategy The environmental protection strategy at the locality is a basis in order to build the planning, protect local environment, integrate the requirements on environmental protection
in strategy, planning of economic-social development
Secondly, the planning of environmental protection The planning of environmental protection is to determine the system of criteria, solutions that carried out the management, handle of development impacts in order to minimize
the bad impacts on environmental components, to limit the capacity of polluted cause ; to protect
the environmental components, sources of natural resources served for long term exploitation,
sustainable development
Construction of strategy, planning of environmental protection helps the environmental manager can adapt to environmental developments at the locality The
planning is a premise in order to build the action plan that settled the environmental
polution and environmental protection, to build and improve the polluted and depressive
environment, to protect the environment
2.2.2.2 Issuance of environmental protection policies at the locality on the basis of implementation of environmental protection policies of state
Environmental protection policies focus on specific issues, as follows:
- Policies of human resources development of environmental management in order
to carry out the recruitment, training and cultivation of cadre worked in environmental
sectors, to enhance the qualification and serve for assigned position of work better
- Applied policies of technology science progress on environmental protection in order to forecast, control, prevent, minimize, handle environmental pollution, improve
environmental quality, overcome the environmental depression, prevent the environmental
incidents, contribute to handling work, prevent and control environmental pollution
- Policies of infrastructure development to environmental protection + Issuance of policies on construction of drainage system and drainage works, like the river, pond, detention reservoir, dam; drain, trench, channel, drainage trough; Fixed or
mobile pumping station and wastewater treatment works
+ Issuance of policies on construction of collection system and waste treatment, including solid waste, gas waste and liquid waste
- Policies of propagation on environmental protection (i) To propagate the policies, lines of Party, policies, law of state on environmental protection, like law on environmental protection, strategy of national environment
protection
(ii) To propagate the achievements in environmental protection at the locality
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(iii) To propagate the negative impacts of environmental pollution on objective of local economic — social development and challenges posed in environmental pollution work
of provincial level government
- International cooperation policy to environmental protection International cooperation in order to protect the environment is a research and ratification of international conventions on environment in order to expand the cooperation
of environmental protection through bilateral partners as well as multilateral international organizations Cooperation form is converted from aid receiving to partner relation in order
to cooperate and settle issues
2.2.2.3 Construction of apparatus and organization of environmental protection implementation
* Regarding the construction of management apparatus and environmental protection:
In order to manage the environmental protection work of the provincial level government effectively, a reasonable apparatus of organization will be built Accordingly, main liability agency is provincial People’s Committee, Central City that take the responsibility for describing the provincial and municipal plans, policies on economy, politics, society attached to environmental protection Department of Resources and Environment has the functions to consult, help the People’s Committee implemented the functions of state management to environmental protection in provincial region At the same time, it has carried out the functions under conduct, inspection, guidance on operations and speciality of Ministry of Resources and Environment
* Regarding the organization and implementation of environmental protection of the provincial level government:
The organization and implementation of environmental protection of the provincial level government includes the following basic contents:
Firstly, periodically the provincial level government has carried out the environmental monitoring in order to ensure and control continuously and environmental status system, to inspect the sources of arising wastes from business — production facilities caused the environmental polution
Secondly, the appraisal of environmental impact assessment reports of business — production facilities and projects in order to determine and forecast the impacts of said activities influenced in environmental status of region; issuance and withdrawal of certificate that attained the environmental standards
Thirdly, The implementation of collection activities and waste treatment Fourth, The usage of economic instrument to protect the environment 2.2.2.4 Supervision, inspection of management organization work and adjustment of environmental protection activities in the provincial region
* The environmental supervision of the provincial level government to environmental protection
The environmental supervision is a management process, control and supervision of elements and activities impacted on environment in order to protect, maintain and improve the environmental quality The environmental supervision is to inspect the compliance of
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criteria and environmental regulations of enterprise and individual The purpose of
environmental supervision is to inspect the accuracy of environmental protection planning,
to detect new arsing impacts caused environmental pollution
* The inspection of the provincial level government to environmental protection:
The inspection of the provincial level government to environmental protection is a consideration, assessment of process carried out environmental protection law and handled
the actions of legal violation of organizations, individual, competent person of
implementation under a procedure prescribed by law to projects belonged to the competence
ratified the environmental impact assessment reports of provincial People’s Committee in
order to serve for state management activity on environmental protection, local benefits
protection and legal benefits of organization and citizen in environmental protection sector
2.2.3 The elements influenced in role of the provincial level government to environmental protection
- The policies of state to environmental protection The policies of state to environmental protection have a big impact on environmental protectio If there are correct policies, it will create a favourable condition for each locality
that carried out state management work to environmental protection well The policies of
environmental protection of state are basic grounds in order that the provincial level
government has deployed, mobilized the resources in order to carry out environmental
protection at the locality, like the capital, human resources, technology
- The local economic-social development The economic growth and the process of urbanization take place rapidly so the activity of infrastructure construction and urban and rural social infrastructure take place
strongly in the regions The process of rapid urbanization causes big pressures so the land
resources, water resources are more and more pollution due to the appropriation of
agricultural land, factory areas Besides, the dense urban traffice means cause the
congestion, especially the air pollution in the urbans increased at peak hours Population
increase, development of service types, sectors have increased the economic growth speed
At the same time, they also increase the pressure on natural environment caused the
environmental pollution
- The development of science and technology The science and technology are more and more development, the application of new achievements of science and technology to environmental protection sector will be more
and more high It will increase the quality on environmental monitoring, forecast, control,
prevention, environmental pollution treatment Hence, the environmental quality will be
better On the other hand, the application of new achievements of science and technology
will overcome the environmental depression, activity of natural disaster prevention and
incidents caused environmental disasters well
- Management capacity, liability spirit of management staff in environmental protection work
The environmental management work will go in the right direction if the issued policies are in accordance with economic-social conditions of each locality Besides, the
operating capacity, staff’s liability who carried out the environmental protection work are
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very important Therefore, in order to implement the role of provincial level government to environmental protection well, the capacity, qualification, spirit and liability of staff who managed the environment need enhancing In order to help the management apparatus of provincial level government on environment with environmental protection policy in accordance with economic development condition of each locality, the provincial level government requires the environmental management staffs who enhanced their liability in environmental protection work; concentrated on construction, issuance of legal normative documents under competence and organized the implementation of legal normative documents, statute, convention on maintaining the hygiene, protecting the environment;
built and organized the implementation of project, tasks on environmental protection
- The coordination in organization and implementation of environmental protection
In order to coordinate and implement the environmental protection work of management agencies rhythmically, fluently and effectively, the assignment of specific liability and close coordination in policy issuance of local government are necessary Hence, the coordination in good organization and implementation, the role of provincial level government to environmental protection will be promoted The provincial level government creates the steady foundation in environmental protection work and this is a basis in order to promote the local economy of sustainable development
- The promote of role, liability of people to environmental protection The level participated in environmental protection activities of people is a basis in order to assess the provincial level government promoted the people’s role to environmental protection and this is stated through people’s activities of participation in environmental protection:
i) Expressing, sollution on environmental protection at the locality ii) Using the green products, friendly environment
iii) Participating in activity of public environment hygiene iv) Reflecting the information on actions caused the environmental pollution to provincial level government
v) Carrying out the classification of garbage at source;
vi) Changing the habits that can cause the environmental pollution (using the plastic bag, disposable plastic products, styrofoam box )
2.2.4, The criteria for assessing the role effect of provincial level government to environmental protection
In order to assess the result of implementation of environmental protection objectives
in the provinces, the effect of management work of provincial level government to environmental protection, based on the following criteria:
Criteria 1: Quality of land environment at habitat
Criteria 2: Quality of water environment in the pond, lake, river, stream, channel, canal at habitat
Criteria 3: Quality of air environment at habitat Criteria 4: Percentage of urban domestic wastewater from IV type is treated to attain the environmental technical standard
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Criteria 5: Percentage of hazardous waste is treated to meet demand of environmental protection
Criteria 6: Percentage of household solid waste is treated to meet demand of environmental protection
Criteria 7 : Percentage of sanitary landfill for domestic solid waste
2.3 The experience on the role of provincial level government to environmental protection and experienced lessons for government of South Central Provinces
Through learning from experience of environmental protection of Beijing municipal Government — China, the experience of environmental protection of Helsinki City- Finland, the
experience of environmental protection of Quang Ninh Provincial and Ha Noi municipal
government, the author has drawn the experienced lessons on the role of provincial level
government to environmental protection
Firstly, the management work needs the transparent and specific assignment between departments, sectors at the locality
Secondly, the issuance of legal normative documents on environmental protection needs basing on local specific conditions and synchronization in the process of
implementation
Thirdly, Propagation work, enhacement of environmental protection liability need deploying by resources, plentiful forms
Fourth, the provincial level government needs to promote the scientific research activities; active international cooperation on environmental protection
CHAPTER 3 STATUS AND ROLE OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOUTH CENTRAL PROVINCES 3.1 The role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
3.1.1 The role of provincial level government in strategic construction, planning
of environmental protection
On the basis of national strategy of economic-social development, South Central Provinces have carried out the comprehensive planning of economic-social development to
2020, vision to 2023 and integrated the economic development into environmental
protection based on the planning of economic-social development at the locality
According to the planning of environmental protection, South Central Provinces had strong development with increased population density, form of industrial zones and clusters,
urban, service, public area, demand for clean water use increased, wastewater
components, arising waste also were basis for the planning of environmental protection
The implementation of environmental protection planning will create the conditions
in order to enhance the effect of strategic environment assessment in the role of analysis
instrument, to forecast the impacts on environment of development plannings in the process
of planning and suitable level assessment of orientation, objective, development solution
with requirements on management and environmental protection in order to ensure the
sustainable development
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3.1.2 The role of provincial level government in the issuance of environmental protection policy at the locality
The assessment of issued document number and legal value of these documents are a measure that assessed the effect of state management work on environment at the localities In order to promote the environmental management work, the Provincial, municipal People’s Committee has issued the legal normative documents, created a favourable condition for legal corridor in accordance with economic development situation and environmental status of localities In the environmental protection work, the provincial level government has issued the documents on human resources development to environmental management staffs; the documents on application of scientific and technical advances to environmental protection;
the documents on infrastructure development to environmental protection; the documents on environmental protection propaganda; the documents on international cooperation to environmental protection
3.1.3 The role of provincial level government in the organization and implementation of environmental protection
- Regarding the apparatus organization of environmental management at the locality Regarding the organization structure of state management on environmental protection of provincial level government, Department of Resources and Environment has implemented the functions of state management on environment Besides, Departments, Sectors have taken the responsibility for implementing the environmental protection work under their function, task, qualification
- Regarding the assessment of local environment impact For Khanh Hoa province: total ratified record is 350 records, including Van Phong Economic Zone Administration has 45 records, Provincial People’s Committee has 296 records, Ministry of Resources and Environment has 28 records; Binh Dinh Province has verified and submitted them to competent level ratified more 500 environmental records; Da Nang city has ratified 485 records In the past time, the verification for environmental impact assessment report was concentrated to enhance the environmental quality
- Regarding the collection, treatment of waste types The waste amount arose in South Central Provinces mainly the domestic waste, medical waste, waste from construction activity In 2021, total amount of solid waste arose in provinces was 4.404,95 ton/day, the quantity of arose solid waste was pretty big Due to amount of arising solid waste increased, in excess of receiving capacity of initial design at landfills caused the overload, like Hon Ro landfill, Cam Thinh Dong landfill (Khanh Hoa), Khanh Son landfill (Da Nang), Long My landfill (Binh Dinh) and the dump at the wards, towns were the overload
Livestock wastewater flow through years was 244.309 m?/ day
In order to carry out the environmental protection work, Binh Dinh Provincial government has invested in construction of landfill in accordance with sanitary burial standard, the construction of solid waste treatment factory, the construction of automatically environmental monitoring station
The assessment of the suitability in the organization and implementation of collection and waste treatment of provincial level government helped the pollution control at the locality The author has surveyed, assessed the people's satisfaction level on quality of land,
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water, air environment and this showed the people in Binh Dinh Province were satisfactory
on living environment quality in Binh Dinh Province
- Regarding the usage of economic instrument in environmental management All provinces have collected the industrial wastewater fees, specifically in 2016 Da Nang collected 1.230.904.884 VND, in 2020 increased 2.227.702.456 VND Khanh Hoa, in
2016 collected 538.756.084 VND, IN 2020 reduced 314.528.528 VND, the causes were due
to influences of Covid 19 epidemic Therefore, the activities of industrial production has
reduced and industrial wastewater amount reduced Hence, level of fee collection in 2020
reduced 41,42% compared with 2016 Binh Dinh Province has carried out the collection of
environmental protection fee to industrial wastewater in Binh Dinh Province under Decision
No 2762/QD-UBND dated 13/7/2020 and Decision No 2789/QD-UBND dated 14/7/2020
by People’s Committee of Binh Dinh Province, Chairman of People’s Committee of Binh
Dinh Province has carried out the collection of environmental protection fee to industrial
wastewater under management decentralization on environmental protection
3.1.4 The role of provincial level government in the supervision, inspection of environmental protection
The environmental supervision was carried out by provincial level government The provincial level government of South Central Provinces has implemented the frequent supervision at the area of Hon Ro landfill and industrial waste treatment factory
The provincial level government has implemented the supervision of construction works in
order to control the dust dispersion, the process of solid waste collection at construction
sites and on the means transported the construction materials
The inspection, verification of environmental quality by provincial level government will be carried out through the result of land, water, air environment monitoring in South
Central Provinces, from 2016-2021
Through the inspection, verification of law violation situation on environmental protection in South Central Provinces, period of 2016-2021, the provincial level government
has implemented the handle of administrative violation with a lot of violated cases
Through the inspection, verification, the actions of frequent environment violation were not to make environment procedures, discharge in excess of standards, not to carry out
the contents undertook in the report of environmental impact assessment
3.2 General assessment on role and status on provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
3.2.1 Attained achievements
- To build the strategy, environmental protection planning in general in time, in accordance with national strategy, planning and attached the specific conditions at the locality
- To issue the legal normative documents on environmental protection in time, in full; application of technology science advance; infrastructure development; environmental
protection propaganda; international cooperation to environmental protection
- The organization and implementation of environmental protection contributed to controlling the polution and treatment of polluted cause sources well at the locality
- The supervision, inspection, verification contributed to increasing the effect, management effect of provincial level government to environmental protection; preventing
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in time; penalising the companies of legal violation caused environmental pollution The supervision, inspection, verification helped the provincial level government detect the loopholes in the management work; system of legal normative documents on resources and environment
3.2.2 Limitations Firstly, the construction of the strategy, environmental protection planning still revealed some issues that were not in accordance with social — economic conditions of locality
Secondly, the issuance of legal normative documents on environmental protection has not caught up yet local urbanization process
Thirdly, the organization and implementation of environmental protection of provincial level government have attained the low effect
Fourth, the supervision, inspection, verification provincial level government to environmental protection have not been carried out continuously, the instrument that served for inspection, verification was insufficient and backward
3.3.3 The cause of limitations on role of provincial level government to environmental protection
Firstly, the policies of state to environmental protection have not suited the South Central Provinces
Secondly, the development of environmental protection work has not caught up yet the social — economic development of localities
Thirdly, the application of technology science in environmental protection work has not met demand of environmental management work more and more highly
Fourth, the capacity, spirit and liability of management cadres in environmental protection work in South Central Provinces are limited
Fifth, the cooperation in organization and implementation is asynchronous and low effect
Sixth, the provincial level government has not promoted yet the role, liability of people to environmental protection
CHAPTER 4 TREND AND SOLUTION OF ROLE ENHANCEMENT OF PROVINCIAL LEVEL GOVERNMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOUTH CENTRAL
PROVINCES 4.1 Direction, objective enhanced the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
4.1.1 The grounds that proposed the direction, objective enhanced the role of provincial level government to environmental protection in South Central Provinces
4.1.1.1 Domestic and international context influenced in environmental protection in South Central Provinces
* The international context influenced in environmental protection of provincial level government
International economy integration is a challenge for economic development as well as environmental protection