History of finding the son doong cave

Name for students Position and assigned task Comments for teacher only Mark 1 Trần Thị Xuân Mai Leader Part 1 Geographical location, Size of Son Doong cave 2 Hoàng Thị Diệu Linh Member

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGLISH

 GROUP DISCUSSION

ENGLISH 1

Topic: The world’ top adventure

Group: 3

Class: 231_ENTH1411_22

Teacher: Đỗ Thị Bích Đào

Presentation assessment:

List of students (in the order of presenting)

No Name (for students) Position and assigned task Comments

(for teacher only)

Mark

1 Trần Thị Xuân Mai Leader

Part 1 (Geographical location, Size of Son Doong

cave)

2 Hoàng Thị Diệu Linh Member

Part 1 (Ecosystem inside Son Doong cave, World records and media for Son

Doong)

3 Nguyễn Hữu Nghĩa Member

Part 2 (Origin of Son Doong

formation)

4 Vũ Diệu Linh Member

Part 2 (Son Doong cave discovery and survey timelines)

5 Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh

(S2) Part 2 (Ho Khanh’s and TheMember

British Vietnam Caving Expedition)

6 Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh

(S1)

Member Part 3 (Hope and Vision cave branch, Underground river, Fossil corridor)

7 Vũ Tuấn Nam Member

Part 3 (Ho Sut 1, HoSut 2, Ngoc Cave)

PowerPoint

8 Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh Member

Part 3 (Passchendaele Corridor, Vietnam’s Wall)

PowerPoint

BIÊN BẢN HỌP NHÓM LẦN 1

MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 3 Time: 29 th August 2023, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm Place: Google Meets meeting room

Participants: all the members of group 3, includes: Hoàng Thị Diệu Linh, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh

(S1), Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh (S2), Vũ Diệu Linh,Trần Thị Xuân Mai, Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh, Vũ Tuấn Nam, Nguyễn Hữu Nghĩa

Contents for discussing:

 Find content for discussion

 Agree on the main content of the discussion

 Each member receives her task

 Set submission deadlines

Conclusion: Group 3’s discussion includes 3 main parts, every member does her task and the

deadline for submission is on Monday, 11th September 2023

Duties for participants: every member has to complete the task on time

 Trần Thị Xuân Mai undertakes part 1

 Hoàng Thị Diệu Linh undertakes part 1

 Nguyễn Hữu Nghĩa undertakes part 2

 Vũ Diệu Linh undertakes part 2

 Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh (S2) undertakes part 2

 Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh (S1) undertakes part 3

 Vũ Tuấn Nam undertakes part 3

 Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh undertakes part 3

Leader (Signature and name)

Mai Trần Thị Xuân Mai

Minute-Taker (Signature and name)

Minh Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh

BIÊN BẢN HỌP NHÓM LẦN 2

MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 3 Time: 16 th September 2023, from 4:00 pm to 5 pm Place: Google Meets meeting room

Participants: all the members of group 3, includes: Hoàng Thị DIệu Linh, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh

(S1), Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh (S2), Vũ Diệu Linh,Trần Thị Xuân Mai, Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh, Vũ Tuấn Nam, Nguyễn Hữu Nghĩa

Contents for discussing:

 Members read the full discussion content and give comments for edit

 The leader edits the content for Word and highlights key parts for PowerPoint

Conclusion:

 Do Word and Powerpoint

 Members prepare their presentations

Duties for participants:

 Trần Thị Xuân Mai edits Word

 Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh, Vũ Tuấn Nam undertakes Powerpoint

 Members of the group prepare for the presentation

Leader (Signature and name)

Mai Trần Thị Xuân Mai

Minute-Taker (Signature and name)

Minh Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh

BIÊN BẢN HỌP NHÓM LẦN 3

MEETING MINUTES - GROUP: 3 Time: 27 th September 2023, from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm Place: Thuongmai University

Participants: all the members of group 3, includes: Hoàng Thị DIệu Linh, Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh

(S1), Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh (S2), Vũ Diệu Linh,Trần Thị Xuân Mai, Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh, Vũ Tuấn Nam, Nguyễn Hữu Nghĩa

Contents for discussing:

 Group practices mock presentation for the official presentation

 Give comments and suggestions for better presentation

Conclusion: Members participate fully and actively.

Duties for participants: Members continue to practice for the official presentation.

Leader (Signature and name)

Mai Trần Thị Xuân Mai

Minute-Taker (Signature and name)

Minh Lưu Vũ Nhật Minh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE 6

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 6

CONTENT 7

I General introduction to Son Doong Cave 7

1 Geographical location 7

2 Size of Son Doong cave 7

3 Ecosystem inside Son Doong Cave 7

4 World records and media for Son Doong 8

II History of finding the Son Doong cave 9

1.Origin of Son Doong cave formation 9

2.Son Doong cave discovery and survey timelines 9

3.Ho Khanh’s and The British Vietnam Caving Expedition Team’s journey to find Son Doong Cave 10

III.Unique places in the Son Doong cave 12

1 Hope and Vision passage 12

2 Underground river 13

3 Fossil corridor 14

4 Ho Sut 1 (Doline 1) 14

5 Ho Sut 2 (Doline 2) 15

6 Ngoc Cave (Cave Pearl) 16

7 Passchendaele Corridor 17

8 Vietnam’s Wall 17

III Conclusion 18

Throughout history, daring adventurers have stumbled upon many breathtakingly gorgeous places that captivate people's hearts Iconic figures like Columbus, who discovered America, and Tran Dang Dang Khoa, who traveled the world for 1,111 days, have left a long-lasting impression on us with their expeditions Among these incredible destinations lies the Son Doong Cave, which is a UNESCO-recognized natural heritage site in 2003 and

2015, that leaves explorers in awe with its majestic and mysterious allure As time passed by people became so inquisitive and always questioned how Son Doong was discovered, and what made it so remarkable that it earned recognition from UNESCO twice as a world natural heritage Today, we gladly invite you to join our group on a trip to discover and experience the beauty of Son Doong Cave for yourself

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1 Greeting

Good morning everyone, good to see you all, we are group 3!

2 Introducing the group’s members and the group’s topic

There are 8 members in our groups: the leader is Mai, other members are Hoàng Linh, Nguyễn Linh (S1), Nguyễn Linh (S2), Vũ Linh, Nhật Minh, Tuấn Nam, Hữu Nghĩa Today

we are very happy to be here to present our topic Our presentation is about Journey to find Son Doong Cave – A world’s top adventure

3 Outlining the presentation

We have divided our presentation into 3 main parts The first part is General introduction to Son Doong cave The second part is the History of finding the Son Doong cave and the final part is Unique places in the Son Doong cave

I General introduction to Son Doong Cave

1 Geographical location

Son Doong Cave is a famous tourist destination, located in the center of Phong Nha - Ke Bang national park (Son Trach commune, Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province) That is also part of an underground system connected to more than 150 other caves in Vietnam near the border with Laos

2 Size of Son Doong cave

According to research, Son Doong Cave was formed about 2 to 3 million years ago The cave has a length of up to nearly 9 kilometers and a width of 155 meters, and in some places, the ceiling height of the cave is up to 185 meters According to estimates, Son Doong cave has a capacity of about 38.5 million cubic meters, and the main cave part can accommodate

a skyscraper in New York of about 40 floors or can accommodate dozens of large Boeings The Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park Management Board also said that up to now, experts have surveyed and discovered 425 caves belonging to 7 different cave systems in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park Son Doong Cave has surpassed Malaysia's Deer Cave, which previously held the world's largest cave record This is a source of pride for Vietnamese people in general and Quang Binh people in particular when nature has blessed them with a priceless masterpiece of humanity

3 Ecosystem inside Son Doong Cave

Son Doong is currently the largest underground cave in the world, with a length of nearly 9km At some points, the ceiling has collapsed, creating “skylights” that allow light to enter inside and provide a suitable environment for plants to grow Biologists have found more than 200 species of plants living in Hang Son Doong, including algae, moss, vines, shrubs, and small to large trees (30m high)

An underground river flows in the cave, which is home to many species of fish that have developed to adapt to the eternal darkness of the cave Up to now, in Son Doong Cave, biologists have found more than 7 new species of animals, including some species of fish, woodlice, millipedes, spiders, and scorpions, with the same feature of no eyes and transparent bodies

Son Doong Cave has a very large volume that can accommodate skyscrapers; there are wide sections enough for a Boeing to fly through Inside the cave, there are streams, waterfalls, and primeval forests With such a huge size, Son Doong has its own weather

system; the temperature is around 22 to 25 degrees Celsius in summer and 15 to 20 degrees Celsius in winter It is always lower than outside, from 8 to 12 degrees Celsius, in the summers due to a lack of sunlight, a damp atmosphere, and a difference in air pressure that causes airflow

With those unique features, nature has created a very interesting ecosystem inside Son Doong Cave that is nowhere else

4 World records and media for Son Doong

Hang Son Doong were surveyed by the British Vietnam Cave Expedition Team led by

Mr Howard Limbert in 2009 The Expedition team then announced it as the world's largest natural cave with a volume of 38.5 million m3, 5 times bigger than Deer Cave in Malaysia The exploration of Hang Son Doong was later published by National Geographic Magazine and filmed for National Geographic TV

 On April 30, 2013, the Guinness Book of World Records announced the 2013 book

of world records, in which Hang Son Doong was named as the largest cave in the world

 In 2014, Son Doong was voted by The New York Times as one of the 52 most attractive tourist destinations in the world

 In 2015, the world's largest cave was filmed and live broadcast on ABC News

‘Good Morning America’

 In the same year 2015, National Geographic magazine published a 360-degree photo series and interactive website taken inside Son Doong cave

 In 2019, DJ Alan Walker made a music video titled Alone P.II in Son Doong Cave

By October 2022, this MV reached over 275 million views

 In 2020, the Cave was voted by Business Insider as one of the 20 outstanding natural wonders

 In 2021, Son Doong 360 photo series on National Geographic became a hot virtual reality tour in the world during the Covid pandemic

 On April 14, 2022, Google Doodle honored Hang Son Doong Cave on its search page in 18 countries around the world

II History of finding the Son Doong cave

1 Origin of Son Doong cave formation

The cave was created among the oldest limestone massifs in Asia (400–450 million years old) Son Doong was determined to be a youthful cave, between 2 and 3 million years old, through the examination of sediment samples

The Rao Thuong and Khe Ry rivers, which together make up the longest river cave in Asia, eroded the limestone rocks over millions of years, creating a massive tunnel beneath them as they sank along the Truong Son mountain range's sub-vertical faultline Two roof collapses or skylights were created as a result of thick fault lines and thin limestone layers Son Doong Cave is divided into three parts: The first section, which runs from the cave entrance to Doline 1, is still in use and has an ongoing subterranean river Numerous sediments in this area suggest that it frequently floods during the rainy season The first Doline's collapse serves as a dam, preventing more water from flowing through to the Level Playing Fields campsite

With no flowing rivers, the Passchendaele and fossil passages make up the second and third sections of the cave This has made it possible for these channels to produce substantial calcite formations A little creek runs through Passchendaele, which, after a lot of rain, may fill up to become a lake and lead to the Wall of Vietnam, a massive calcite wall

In the cave's center, two dolines have developed The first is probably the result of some weak limestone strata collapsing because they were unable to hold the roof of such a high corridor The second doline is situated at a point where two fault lines converge, which causes a weakness and eventual collapse

2 Son Doong cave discovery and survey timelines

Early December 1990: Mr Ho Khanh, on a jungle trip, discovered the cave entrance, later known as Son Doong Cave

April 07, 2009: The British Vietnam Cave Expedition Team, directed by Mr Howard Limbert, was brought in by Ho Khanh to inspect and measure the cave The first person inside was Peter MacNab

April 14, 2009: The British Vietnam Cave Expedition Team recognized the cave as the largest natural one in the world

On March 17, 2010, the exploring team climbed the Great Wall of Vietnam, the largest cave in the world, and left The survey, which measured over 9 km in length and 38.5 million cubic meters in volume, was then complete The largest natural cave in the world, according to National Geographic TV, is Son Doong Cave

On March 31, 2019, Howard Limbert and renowned cave divers Martin Holroyd, Rick Stanton, Jason Mallinson, and Chris Jewell done a dive exploration into the underground river within Son Doong with the goal of locating the connection between Son Doong and Thoong (Thung) through a gap of about 600 meters Although the road's overall depth was set at 93m, the diving team found a submarine passage that reached a depth of 78 meters They were unable to explore further or dive deeper with standard air cylinders

3.  Ho Khanh’s and The British Vietnam Caving Expedition Team’s journey to find Son Doong Cave.

Early December 1990: During one of his expeditions, a heavy downpour forced Mr Khanh to take shelter under a cliff When seeking cover, he noticed to see enormous columns of fog and cold air coming from the cave's entrance These images were imprinted into his memory for the years to come

In 2007, the leader of The British Vietnam Caving Expedition Team, Mr Howard Limbert, was in Phong Nha with a team Mr Khanh and Mr Limbert team was unable to find the entrance in 2007 Then Mr Khanh went back to the jungle alone in 2008, explored till he discovered the cave entrance once more, and then carefully marked it After that, he went home and waited for the expedition to return

March 2009: Mr Limbert returned to Phong Nha with an expedition group and the assistance of the Hanoi University of Science (HUS) Mr Khanh guided some team members to a number of entrances in the area around Hang En On April 7th, Mr Peter MacNab, a member of the British Vietnam Caving Expedition group, arrived at the first cave opening, which turned out to be Son Doong Cave He was the first team member to enter the cave It was also the first time that Mr Khanh could go into the cave since, to enter the cave, you must climb down a steep wall 50 meters deep Because of the lack of safety equipment,

he was unable to perform it before