Nghiên cứu chế tạo máy bơm chìm công suất lớn cho nông nghiệp

Vi&t Nam d5 nhgp khdu v i sh dung nhi& loai bum chim v 6 cac ca c6ng suit phuc y cho c i c muc dich kh5c nhau born gigng sAu cho cgp nu&, bum chim cho khai thac mb, phuc w tudi ti&u tro

HOP TAC N G H I ~ ~ N CW C H ~ TAO MAY B a M CHIM

C ~ N G SUAT LON CHO N ~ N G N G H I ~ P +

( Q W ~ N 1: ISAO CAO T ~ N ( ; H(1P)

Ca quan thqc hien: Trung tarn t l r vdn d i u tlr, thi6t ke, -

tong nghe CG dien !long nghiep vh thuy Idi I

(Tuhg cbng ty ca dien NN & I'L - 80 N h g nghiep & PrNT)

HOP TAC N G H I ~ N CW C H ~ TAO MAY BOM C H h l

C ~ N G SUAT LON CHO N ~ N G N G H I ~ P

( Q U Y ~ N I: RAO CAO TONG HOP)

C a quan quhn ly: Bo Khoa hoc va Cong nghe

C a quan c h i quan: Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trie'n nong thon

C a quan thuc hien: Trung tam t u van dau tu, thie't ke,

cong nghe c a dien nong nghiep va thuy I q i

( ~ d n g cung ty co didn nung nghiep vd t h i y I@

Be Nong nghiep vd Phdf t r i h nong fhun)

C h i nhiem d$ tai: PGS TS Nguyen Van Bay

Tham gia thuc hien: - Ths Db Huy C u m g

- KS Nguyen Van Anh

- KS Tran Xuan Lw

- KS To Thai B h h

- KS To Dinh Hue

Tinh h'mh nghiCn ciru, ch6 tgo vh sit dung miy born chim t r b th& gi6i 02

7?nh hlhh nghien c h , chg t+o v h siT dung miy barn chim b Vitt Narn 06 Nhu cdu thi t m b g m8y barn chim 3 trong nude 10

Nghi@n c h , tinh toan thie"t k e miy bum chim

Lua chqn d6i tuqng nghi&n c h vh cd s& 1f thuygt tinh toin

Tinh tqin thigt kk$' mdy barn dbng chko

Met sd di&u c h luu 9 v& 1f thuy6t tinb toAn 18 cinh 06 hai do cong

d n g hiit mAy b m chim

Tinh toin dng xA m6y born chim

Tinh toin lgc tic dung lCn rdtor m i y b m chim

Vbng Jam kin ca khi cba may barn chim

Gidi thieu chung

Nguyen 1f l hvice vb p h h loai vbng lhn kin ca khi

Met sb ki6u kkt c$u cha vvbng l h kin ca khi

L$ thuygt vvP tinh toin vbng lhm kin cd khi ki&u dd$ mtit

Thigt kI5 cfic c+p ma s6t cha vbng lhm kin c a khl

Chi ti& lb xo cira vbng l h kin cu khi trong barn chim

Nhiing bien phip m g chst l u w g lhm vi&c c6a ciic vbng lhm kin ca khi

CBng nghe gia cbng chi ti& budng x o h miy b m chim AGREX 285/4 71

CBng nghe gia cbng chi ti& binh c0ng tic miy bdrn c h AGREX 285/4 76

Thir nghiem may bum chim - dong ca chim

Thir nghicm m8y barn chim

Thh nghitm dong c a di&n l i p vbi m6y barn chim

Thir nghi&m mfiy barn c hAGREX 285/4

K6t cau cong trinh tram lap may bum chim

D+c didm chung cSa c6ng trinh tram lap may born chim

KEt cgu tram lip rnfiy barn chim

Tlnh to6n thie't ke* cbng trNmh tram l i p mhy burn chim AGREX 285/4

Cbng trinh tram l i p mtiy bum chim AGREX 285/4

So dnh kinh t ky thugt d c tram twm l$p &c may b m c bAGREX 285/4,

miiy barn h8n l m t y c ngang HL900-9 vA born h~dng t y c dimg 20HlB-50

VIII Quy trinh cong nghe thao lap va quHn Iy van hhnh may bam chim

8.1 Quy trinh cbng nghe thiio miiy ban chim

8.2 Quy trinh cBng ngh& l i p rhp may barn chim

8.3 Quy trinh van hAnh m6y bbm chim

8.4, Sira ch3a vh bio d u h g mhy barn chim

8.5 He th6ng diCu khi6n v l bio ve tu dQng m i y bcrm ch'm

8.6 Nhimg h~ hbng thrtimg gap v i cic bicn phiip xir 19 khic phuc

khi s a dung mAy barn chim

IX Ket luan chung

9.1 V b d& hup tic khoa hoc cbng nghc v6i Hungary

9.2 Y nghia khoa hoc

9.3 Hie qua kinh ts', x5 h6i

9.4 Ke"t lugn vB kisn nghl

Vdi n h h g dGc didm vh uu viet rieng, rniy bum c h i dB ~ U U C sh dung rong

rBii trong sin xugt phuc y n6ng nghiep, cbng nghiep, khai thic mb, giao thbng, xay

d m g Doanh thu v$ rniy born chim h h g nam c6a cic hang trCn the gibi dat t6i hing chuc tf d6 la Mby bum chim c6 clc tinh nang hbn hdn c L rniy bum blnh thudng khhc d8i vbi c l c khu w c c6 su thay dbi rnuc n ~ b c hfit nhi&u (AZ 3 6m), nhanh dQt ngbt; c5c viing n&n dgt y&u kh6 x51y d q g cBng trinh, cbc nui c6 nudc gie"ng sau (khi khai thfic m6 ) Dgc biet, miy born chim khdng gay tigng dn, d+

rung dong nh6 sE gihnh uu th6 I trong vi&c b b ve mbi tnrbng sinh thii hien nay D6i v&i nbng nghi&p, rniy bum chim dang nghy chng chigm ty 1& cao so vdi c8c bum truykn thBng khbc Vi du, rniy bum chlm chi& tdi 90% phuc y t1.r6i ti@u trong neng nghiep cha Malayxia

Vi&t Nam d5 nhgp khdu v i sh dung nhi& loai bum chim v 6 cac ca c6ng suit

phuc y cho c i c muc dich kh5c nhau (born gigng sAu cho cgp nu&, bum chim cho khai thac mb, phuc w tudi ti&u trong nbng nghiep) Tuy nhien, chlra c6 cu quan nho

di silu nghien cSRl rniy bum chim Ki&n thirc hidu bigt vd mhy barn chim cbn rrP it

vh han chb Cbc mhy bum chim, thi6t b!, phu tiing thay th6 deu phHi nhap khiu, dac bifit 1h chc mhy bum chim ci3 1 h Dieu d6 gay kh6 khan cho ngudi v+n hhnh sir dung GiB thhnh miiy bdrn chim nh+p khkhgu rgt cao Ihm Qnh h u h g i(m den vi&c phd

bien i p dung rQng riii loai bum nhy vAo sln xu& Trong khi d6, cbng vdi su phit

tridn manh cua n2n kinh t& dill nubc, nhu c8u v& mby barn chim nghy tang cao dBi vdi c6c chhng loai vh cAc muc dich khbc nhau Chinh vi v?y, nghi&n ciru d6 t l i v&

miy born chim 1i r&t cc$n thigt v i c&p bich "Hqp tac nghiBn czh, chl'tga cdc m i y born chinz phuc v u n8ng nghi(;pHsE cho phkp Viet Nam chkd$ng cung c8p cPc loai

mhy bum chim phii h~ dieu ki&n cu the vdi gih thhnh ha s& ti& kiem kinh phi dAu

to NgoAi ra, k&t q u i nghi&n ciru s2 cho ph6p chii dong cung cgp c i c chi ti&, phu tiing phuc y cho sira chaa thay th& hing nghn bum chim dang hoat dbng ciing nhu g6p phha xu$t khhgu sang cic nu6c trong khu vqc thu ngoai te, g6p phdn v i o chuung

t r i i xugt khiu, tham gia v8o su nghiep cc6ng nghi&p ho6 nbng nghiep, hi&n dai h6a nBng thBn cfia Nhh nubc, nhanh chdng hoh nhap vho AFTA trong thbi gian tdi Vdi bien phip hgp tdc vdi chc Hiing ch&' tao d0ng cu di&n c6 uy tin cao tr&n th6 gidi (cu thd vdi Hungary - Dirc) nham ti&p nhan su giup da v& c6ng nghe ti&n tien trong c6ng tic nghi&n ciru, thid kg che' tao rniy barn chim phuc w tu6.i ti& trong nbng nghiep sE cho phkp nhanh ch6ng tigp c!n vtri cbng nghf! mdi cfia th&' gidi thuc hien chi& luqc "chay tat d6n diu" c i a Ding vh NhB nudc ta

2.1 Tinh hinh nghiCn c h , che tao va sir dung may born chim tren the gidi

Nghnh cbng nghi&p ch& tao mfiy barn tren th6 gidi dC dat duqc nhigu thbnh tgu trong nghi&n cliv If thuygt c a bin, thigt kg ch6 tao vh iip dung vio sAn xu& khoang 1500 loai miy bum Mby barn chim dZ daqc nghiCn citu sau vh dat dgn tr'hh do cao v$ cu sb 19 thuyet t h h toin, thigt kg, chg ~ o , dac biet 1 i chc bum chim phuc % nbng nghi&p v i thoit n ~ b c thhi

V$n de quan trong d6i v6i nganh chi5 tao mhy hien nay cdn quan tam 1A n b g cao hi&u SUP, tang do bgn, tu8i tho cPa may v l thigt bb/, trong d6 khau tu . dbng hoh .

v i c a gibi hog q u i trinh lhm vi&c c6 9 nghia rgt 1dn vh gi8 vi tri hang diu

Nhugc &dm cu bln cfia ph8n ldn c h mly bum cdnh d5n kidu Iy a m , dbng chko hay hudng t q c la tinh trang khbng kin cfia chc gioang theo t y c Ciic rb ri cha chgt 16ng qua gioang sE dAn dEn giIm khh nang 1Am viec hoac lhm hbng thigt bi

ciic may b& chirn sE kh5c phuc cbc n h q c di6m n h hen, dAm b i o dc G n vA tudi tho cao

Hien nay, cic miy burn cinh d&n trpc @t ngang t h u h g lhm viec vtri chi& cao hut dia hinh H,, 5 (6 - 7) m, d6i v6.i burn canh d h ty c d h g ciing bj h+n ch6 chi& dAi cba t v c Trong thvc d, c b muc nudc sbng su6i thay dBi r2(t 1dn A H r 5,O m vB nhanh dot ng$t gay n h i h kh6 khan cho viec van hhnh sir dung khai thhc thiet bi DP c6 mot $6 bicn phip ky thuat giIi quy&t tinh trang tr&n: d h g tram bum n8i (thuyh, phao), tram barn di dong tren duimg ray nhim t r h h cho sf 6ng nggp deng c a dien

Tuy nhien, cic bi&n phAp d6 dem lai hieu quh chua cao do kgt c&u thigt bi vh cBng trinh ph$c tap, khh dieu khidn the0 nguy&n 19 tq dong, do vay, khdng chb dQng trong van hhnh khai thlc Mby bum chim dP khac phuc t6t c i c nhuuc ditm neu trkn

d c i c n ~ b c cbng nghi&p phdt trign, mPy bum chim d l duuc ch~I 9 diu tu nghiCn citu, che tao vh 6p dung vho sAn xugt phuc y nbng nghiep, cbng nghitp, xAy dung, giao thbng t 3 n h k g nim 1940 - 1950 C6c bum chim d l dat chgt Iu+g cao vdi cic thbng s6 ky thu!t khiic nhau vh cbng sulit N = 0,1 - 5.000KW1 H = 1 ,O - 500m,

Q = l,0 - 30.000 m3/h Thuc t&' dang sir dung rang rHi c i c mhy barn chim lap vdi ccPc dong ca chim kiku khb, ki6u nua U& v h ki&u u& Chc dong ca di&n chim p h b thinh dong ca di&n chim loai m0t pha hay loai 3 pha kigu ldng s6c v& cuBn day

~ h d bign nhnhSt lh ciic miiy bum chim kih gieng s l u t y c dimg hay t y c ngang mot tAng hay nhi6u tsng canh phuc vu cho c$p nudc trong nbng nghiep, sinh hoat dbi sBng dsn sinh (hinh 11.1) C6c may barn chim tryc dimg kidu ly tam @imh II.2), kidu

h8n l u ~ (dbng chko) (hhh 11.3) hay bum hudng t q c ch'm (h'mh II.4) duqc nghi@n ch,thigt kg, che tao vh i p dung rang riii trong nbng nghiep vh cac muc dich kh8c HAu nhu cac HHLg s h xu& burn c6 uy tin c l a cic nudc cbng nghi&p phht tridn deu quan tam nghi6n ciru vB phiit tridn may burn ch'm cic loai Cic HZng ndi tigng vdi c8c s h p h h m8y bum chim - d(mg ca c h i nhu: Flygt (Thuy Didn), ABS, Mona (Dlic), Omega (Tay Ban Nha), Kubota, EBARA, Hitachi (Mat), 3HEPTOMAUI

(Nga), Huyndai (Hhn QuB'c), cAc h b g bum c$a Phiip, Hungary, Anh

Hungary c6 nhieu hang chuy&n nganh chu jr nghien ciru thie't kg vh ch& tao m i y bum vdi chgt luqng dat tieu chuin quBc t& va c6 uy tin cao, dgc bi&t dB'i vbi nghnh thujr lui Vitt Nam Hhng chuc m8y bum truc d h g loai CsV1.000 (N = 250 - 320 KW, Q = 8.000 - 16.000 m3/h) dB d ~ d c lap tai 9 tram

burn phuc v@ tudi tieu b Vi&t Nam tit n h k g nam 1960 - 1970, d6n nay, v h hoat dong khti hieu quA H h g EXTREN cba Hungary d% cung c&p cac rnhy barn neu tr&n vB dii nghitn c h , thi&t kg, ch6 tao nhi&u rniy bum chim c i c loai cbng sugt dat chat lupgicao, dB xust khiu sang nhieu nudc tren thg gidi

H a g ABS cha a n g ho8 lien bang Ddc duuc thinh l+p tir cu6i thg kg 19 vB

bit ddu ch&' tao miy bum chim tir nhitng n&m 1950 ABS c6 doanh thu hlng narn nhieu tq db la do cung c%p sd I-g rgt l h rniy born chlrn cho hun 100 nudc tren thg gidi ABS sin xu& hhang tram loai bum chim ( c i dong cd vB bum chim) v& cbng

SUP N = 0.16 - 15.000 KW, llru lugng dat t(ri Q,., = 25.000 m3/h va cot i p Hm, =

220 m ABS lubn duuc xi5p trong hhng ngii n h h g Hing d h g d$u thg gidi vv$ chi5 tao rniiy b m ch'm

H k g Flygt cba Thuy Di6n la mot trong nhihg td h* cBng nghiep dlmg v1 tri

hang ddu trong nghien ciru, thigt kg, ch6 tao rniy burn c h i i Xugt phat tir nhu cdu thqc tg cha nginh khai thac mi5 can loai bum m i dgng cu dien khbng bi h h h u h g

do ngap lut m6, chju duuc su mhi mbn c$a nudc c6 nhiv$u tap chgt mb vh c6 th6 di chuydn linh hoat bhng t h i ~ cbng , HBng Flygt dii cho ra ddi n h h g mau bum chim

dbu tien tir ngm 1948 £Xn nay, Hihg dP c6 h h g trim ki6u burn chim v6i cac ci3

cbng su%t (dat tdi N,,,= 10.000KW), cLc thbng s6vB tinh nmg ky thuat khiic nhau

H L g dii xu& khiu tdi 110 nudc tren the gidi v&i doanh thu hhng nirrn hang tf db la

Tuy vay, gi8 thhnh cic bum chim cha HHng Flygt thuoc loai d k nhgt the gih

Cic bum chim cba Hing Huyndai ( H h Qudc) vh Tdng cbng ty

3HEPTOMAUI (Nga) c6 gih thhnh thgp hun nhiku so vdi bum chim ciia Flygt

KEt cgu rniy bum chim ciia 3 H E PTOMAUI vh Huyndai c6 nhiCu c i i tign vh co phAn g i h dun h m so vdi bum chim cha Flygt hay ABS Tuy nhien, vk c h k luwg va

hinh thi3c my thuijt cbng nghiep, c8c H5ng barn cua Nga vh Hhn QuBc c6 phin thua

kern so viri c k HBng cfia Thuy Didn, Dirc vH Hungary

Hinh II.1 Mdy bmz chim

~ i e i r gikng suu n h i h tirig crinh

Hinh 11.3 Bmt h6ri lidu

(ddng chko) chim truc d h g

Hinh 11.2 Boi-r~ l y tcim chim truc d h g

Hirth 11.4 B m h ~ h g truc chim truc d h g

Chc h b g s h xu& bmn c b dang chli f ddu tu nghien ciiv sau vi5 nang cao tudi tho 60 Mn, khH nang lhm vi&c theo nguyen If tq dgng ho8 cim thie't bi ciing nhu nang cao chgt luqng thui luc phdn d h dbng cha born chim, nghi&n ciru ciic k&t cgu mdi n h h tang cdng suQ c6a mbi td rniy bmn N = 1O.OOOKW cgt i p H = 600 - 800

rn, luu luqng Q = 40.000 m3/h Lf thuygt tinh toin thigt kk mAy bum c h h d5 dat duuc nhiku thbnh tgu 1611, d@c biet, vC phin tinh toin kbt c$u cic loai bum chim ki&u ly tarn, dbng chbo vii h u h g t y c (kd c i t y c ngang vh t y c dimg) vdi c l tao gBi d t ~ chiu IUC, hf! thBng lam kin ca gidi, b8i t m v l 1Bm m6t Lf thuygt tinh toin dang dude ti$ tyc hohn thi&n vh phlt tridn N6i chung, 1f thuygt ttnh to9n phAn dAn dbng rniiy bum chim khbng c6 gi q u i khic bi&t so vdi tinh toin thigt kg phiin din dbng c9c b m ciinh dHn thbng t h u h g Tuy nhi&n, do dac di&m @t chim trong mOi

t m h g chiit 16ng (c6 th& l l nudc s ~ h , chgt lbng thHi, h o l chgt, nudc bfin clt vdi nhiet do khk dhau) hay trong dieu kien thuc t& kh6c nhau n h ~ bum tir c9c gi&ng khoan sau hbng vhi t r h mdt (bum gigng sau), barn nudc phuc y Iim mht b cfic

n h i m i y di@t.nguy@.n tir, bum chim phuc y cho cbng tic khai thfic dAu khi s& dbi h6i chc phucmg ph9p tinh tofin dac bi&t kh8c nhau v&i nhihg luu f dac thii Vi du, d6i vdi bum chirn dhng cho c&p nudc lhm m i t & nhh m i y di&n nguyen tii yeu c$u b&n dac biet cao, chi lap d!t mgt 18n n&'u c6 hu h6ng dii chi ti& nh6 cfing bj loai b6 tohn bg c i barn v l dgng cu (sau khi l i p b m d g n g c a xong sC hhn kin tohn bo cic m8i lap gh6p dd d i m bAo kin tuyet ddi)

Dbi vdi c i c b m chim cot 9p cao tdi vhi tram met thi vgn d& tinh toin chinh xhc l+c doc t y c c6a barn v l giHi phip k&t cgu d i can bang lgc hay bi&n phhp l h

giim lqc doc tryc ciing nhu ki5t c$u chi ti& chiu duqc luc doc t v c sE la vgn d$ quan trong b!c nhgt chng vdi dAm bAo do kin tuyet d8i cha bum Ngohi ra, ddi vdi m6i kidu b m chim sB ca'n quan tam v6 dac t m g ri&ng trong ttiih tohn VI du, dbi vdi

b m chim kigu ly tam c6t hp k h h g quh lh (H 5 70rn) phuc y nbng nghiep vA thoht nude thii thi cdn chli j nhi$u &n tic dong c6a lqc h ~ h g tam vh chon vbng bi chm hay vbng bi dB phli thi&n v& chju luc h u h g tam Ddi vdi bum chlm ki&u

h u h g t v c thi lai cdn quan tam h m dgn luc doc t v c v l chon vbng bi ch@, vbng bi

da d&u thien v& chiu luc doc twc Ddi vdi born chim ki6u hh8 luu thi quan t&-n tdi

c i hai loai lqc dP n&u 6 Nga vh Ucuren c6 chc nhh m8y 1611 chuyen thigt kg, chb

tao c i c loai m6y bum chim neu tren vh dat ch&t luqng t6t

Cic bom chim phuc vy cho n6ng nghiep v l thoht nudc thii loai binh t h u h g

(dB axit thgp, kich thudc c6c v4t cimg trong nude thhi khbng quA 1 h .) si5 cho ph6p sir dung loai b m chim kidu c6nh d5n truy&n th6ng va phAn ttinh toAn 19 thuyet si5 dun giln hun n h i h so vdi bum chim phuc VIJ c b muc dich dac biet d i neu

Cic nudc ASEAN vh ch3u A dB c6 nhieu lien doanh, lien k&t vdi cic H5ng bum lh tren thg gi8i trong nghien c h , thi& ke vh che tao cAc kiku bom chim vdi c8c loai cdng sugt khgc nhau vh dat kgt qqui t8t R6t kinh nghiem ciia clc nudc cdng nghiep phlt tri&n, c l c nubc ASEAN vh chAu A cfing sir dung rat r0ng r l i c&c mAy bum chim, d8u tu cho nghien c h , thigt kg vHB chg tao c i c loai barn chim phuc vu nei ti&u vB xu5t khkheu dat hi+ q u i cao Vi du ditn hinh 18 Malayxia dB sir dung cac loai mLy bum chlm vbi ti trong dac biet 1611 (chi& tdi 90% tohn b0 sd luqng bum dang hoat dong) phuc y~ cho tudi ti&u trong ndng nghiep vh thoat nu& th%i Nguyen nhgn d4n den tinh hinh tr&n I i do uu viet cba bum chim: cdng trinh tram

d m giln, r&t phh hqp v6i chc d n g c6 su thay d8i muc nubc nhiCu, nhanh dQt ngot

v i dac bi&t 12 khBng gay tigng 8n (nguyh nhAn quan trong nhgt d& Malayxia sir

dung barn chim vbi ti 1& cao) Ngohi ra, born chim cho phdp sir dung vdi m$c dB tq

deng hol cao rAi thuan lgi cho Malayxia khi luc luqng lao dbng rfit thieu

2.2 Tinh hinh nghikn c h , che t.+o va s u duug may born chim & Viet Nam

Miiy barn chim c6ng sugt l h , c0t Ap cao b dang barn gi&ng sAu c$ nubc cho cac khu dgn cu phuc dbi s6ng dan sinh ho?c c6c nhh m6y, xi nghiep dg duuc sfi dung i, Vi&t Nam iil nhimg nam 1960 - 1970 Cic mhy bum chim k i i u gigng sau llru

luqng nh6, c0t ip cao t h u h g nhgp cha nude ngohi (Nga, Bungary, C0ng hog %c I

Cho dgn nay, m6y bum chim sir dung b Viet Narn phuc + tu6i tieu trong ndng nghiep cbn q u i it (chua q u l 100 t6 rnly c i c loai) v6i cdng sugt N = 10 - 320 KW Nguyen nhan chinh dan d&i7 tinh trang tr&n 11 do gii th&nh c6c bum chim qu6 cao

trong &hi g i l trj s l n phdm ndng nghiep th@, ngudn vbn ngAn ssih Nhl nubc lai han

the NgoHBi ra, b b than c i c nhl quBn 19, n h h g n g u a khai thbc mdy bum v i t r a m bum chua ~ U U C c h u h bi dsy dh kith thirc cho vi&c tigp nhgn loai bum niy n h h dat hi&u q u i cao N h h g nam qua, BQ NBng nghiep vh Phit tri6n ndng thdn dP bat ddu ch6 y nhgp c&c bum c h i n ki&u ly tam, dbng chko vvh hudng t q c mOt c$ c6ng suSLt 16n N = 320 KW, lu'u luqng ldn Q,,,, = 16.000 m3/h phvc + tlf6i ti&u trong nBng

nghiep ttir c i c nu&: Thuy Ditn, Ddc, &I DD HHBn QuBc Sau mQt sb n&n dua vio sir dung trong thuc td, c6 th&' rtit ra mot st5 k&i luan v8 mdy bum ch'un: c6c miy bom chim lim vi&c tBt, dn dinh; cdng tr'hh tram raIt d m giAn, dac bi&t phii hqp v& hi&u

qua d6i v6i d n g sBng hb c6 su thay ddi muc nu6c nhitu v i nhanh dgt ng0t Kinh nghiem ciing chi r6 chgt lugng miy cha mBi nu6c c6 kh6c nhau C6c thigt bj may bum chim c6a Thuy ~ i e n , Hungary, Dirc d u ~ c dlnh gib cao MPy bum chirn cua

H i n Qu6c c6 k&t cch d m giln h m , nhmg can phHi chii 9 tbi met sB nhuqc didm

khi sir dung (Thuc t& lap dgt v& ssir dung born chim cha HBn Qudc & tram born Phh

Sa, Hh Tay dC chi rB di$u ngy)

N h b g n8m qua c l n g thgy r6 nhiku v&n d& t8n tai ddi vdi nginh che tao rnly bum Born chim cbng sugt l h , luu luqng I6n phuc + nbng nghi&p vA thoat nudc

thHi cbn q u i mdi m& d6i vdi Vi&t Nam, k& c i cln b e ky t h a t chuy&n nghnh miy thuf khi d&n c i n bO quhn lf, lap dat vP sir dung hay c0ng nhan van hhnh, sira ch3a HAu nhu chua c6 tli lieu ky thu? n l o v$ bum chim chinh thirc duuc cbng bB' vh ph6 bign mot c6ch bhi ban c6 tinh ph6p quy, mGc dii s6' lugng vh ch6ng loai mPy bum

chim dudc nhap khdu vh sir dung ir Vi&t Nam la rgt ddang kd (hang n g h t6 mPy c l c loai) Nhieu cbng ty khai thic nudc n g h chh yr5u chi quan tam d&n tinh to5n lua chon c i c barn gi&ng s l u vh nhap khdu miy c6a nude ngoii MQt sB hgp t6c x5 (Hi Nam, Narn D m ) , cAc cbng ty & thinh phd Hd Chi Minh, Hi N0i d i ch6 tao chc bum gi&ng s l u ki6u ly tam nhi&u cgp vh cac chi ti& lhm phu tirng phuc vy sha chira, thay thd cho chc b a n nh+p ngoai, nhung chgt luqng v2 hieu su%t cbn thgp Vi&n khoa hoc thuf lui tridn khai d& tii cap Bg quHn I$ v& nghi&n c h thi&t k g chd tao

b m chim nhmg chua c6ng bB kgt qui,

Cac mAy bum ch'm dH vh dang duuc sir dung rgt rcng rli b Vi&t Nam phuc + cho vi&c thoit nudc thii (nudc sinh hoat v P nudc thHi cbng nghiep) Tuy nhien, cac

b m chim dbng cho thoit nudc thAi c0ng sugt N > 3OKW dude sis dung vdi s8'

111qng it hon nhiZu so v6.i loai born chim cbng su%t nhb, dac biet b pham vi cbng

SUP N = 4,5 - 22 KW Thbi gian gPn day, van d& v& mbi t m h g nu6c ta d ~ q c quan

tam slu s i c h m d2 d I n dgn viec sir dung n h i h hon c l c barn chim hlit nuirc thii &

thhnh phd vh b c6c nhh miy cbng nghi&p cing n h ~ phuc vy cho c i c dhi phun nude

trang tri c i i tao cinh quan m0i t m h g

Nhimg n8m qua, BP, NBng nghiep vvl PhPt t r i h n6ng thbn dH giao cho Tdng cdng ty c a di&n n8ng nghiep v2 th3y lui nghien ciru vh chju tr,6ch nhi&m lap dat hh8u

hgt cic t6 may burn chim c6 cdng suat ldn (N,, = 320 KW, Q,, = 16.000 m3/h) do

B e nh+p khkheu cua nudc ngoai phuc y m6i tiBu trong n8ng nghiep Tdng cbng ty dZ hoin thinh t6t nhiem y nghien c h thi lieu v& bcrm c h , dong c a chim vh cLc thigt b/ di&u khien k&m theo; d nghien ciru clc quy trinh c8ng ngh& I$ dat rn4y burn

chim c a ldn v i tqtc ti&p tien hhnh lap d$t bum chim dat ket quuH tBt ~ 6 n g cbng ty

ciing nghien ciru, thi&t kg, ch& @o chc phu Nng n h h bHo dui3ng sira chiia thay the cAc chi ti& bum chim nh!p ngoai bi hu h6ng nhim d i m b i o cho tgt c i cic m6y b m hoat dong binh t h ~ t m g khbng cSn sg can thiep ciia chuyen gia nudc ngoii

a n g nhu chc burn cinh dan thbng thutmg dang duuc sir dung, bum chim

c h g c l n phHi duuc nghien cciru theo c k gam bum dd dat hieu q u i cao trong thbi gian ngin vB ti& kiem kinh phi d$u m

Hien nay, trong ndng nghiep dang sir dung c6c may barn h ~ h g t r y , ly tam

vh dbng cheo kidu t r y ngang, t v c dimg v l t y c dat nghieng v6i cic thbng sb cBng sugt d0ng c a dicn rgt phd bi&n:

- "Loai 16n": N = 75; 90; 110; 200; 250; 320; 500 KW (v6i st5 vbng quay tuung img n = 300; 490; 590; 730; 980; 1450; 2900 v/ph)

hun Nham pbup vy cho cBng thc nghien c h , thigt kg, chi5 tao miy barn chirn phuc

vu tu6i tiCu nBng nghiep clng nhu cic ngilnh kh5c chdng ta phii chd 9 nghien clju the0 gam dong c a tr&n vdi cAc gam b a n b+c tnmg nhgt

C i n c h'" j la bom chim phyc % tubi tieu trong ndng nghiep chii y&u sir dung

cho nhimg nui c6 sq thay d8i muc nube nhi&u v i nhanh dOt ngot Nhimg noi d6

t h u h g nhm ?r ven chc sbng suBi (ngohi dC) hoac c i c h6 chira lh Nghia 12, cot nubc

c l a bom t h u h g 1h: H 2 6 m Sh dung cPc mLy bom chim c6 c0t nu6c H < 6 m phuc MI tudi tieu trong ndng nghitp sE cho hi&u qui thgp hm

V6i ciic m6y b m chim v B dong cu chim duuc thigt kk&' vA che tao trong nu&

chac c h h sE ha g i i thlnh s l n p h h td m6y v i cho phkp chh d w g cung cap thigt bi,

phu tiing thay thE Day 11 giii phap t8i uu nhgt d6 6p dung rong r l i cac miy born

chim vho stin xu& phuc vl;l nbng nghi&p ciing nhls cLc nghnh kinh ti5 khic Ngoai ra,

day ciing 11 bien phPp cdn thiW phht huy n0i luc Viet Nam, phin lhm giirn kinh phi nhap khdu, tang ngoai t& xu& khdu, nhanh ch6ng ho8 nhap vho APTA trong thbi gian tdi, dac biet Ih tham gia vho viec thqc hi&n cic Dv An xay lap cic tram barn chim mdi, caic du i n cii tao c i c barn ly tam, h u h g t q ~ c cfi bang c8c bum chim the0 ngudn vdn cha NgAn hhng the gidi WB2, ADB vh ODA

CBng trinh tram lap miy barn chim ciing lh vgn d66 rgt ca'n duuc quan tam

Nu& c i c sBng su6i b Viet Narn vho mba mua t h u h g c6 ndng do pht~ sa rgt l h

Hi&n tuqng b8i Iang d8i vdi c8c cira s8ng , diy song hay b c i c kenh mumg, bt! hiit, b6 xa tram bom d5 gay rift nhibu phirc tap cho cBng tic quin 19 van h h h khai thic

miy born vB tram b m phuc vy nbng nghiep Sir dung b a n chim cbng sugt 1611 trong

dibu kien t i c d0ng bBi ling ciia phii sa sE kh6 khan hm nhiku Kinh nghiem v!n hhnh sir dung c5c b m chim cbng sugt 1611 (N = 320 KW) & cic tram born Phii Sa

(Hh Tay), Dai Dinh (Vinh Philc) & b&n ba sbng Hdng dZ cho thgy phii c6 giHi phap

ky thu? dac biet khi thigt kg, chg tao born chim vh phii l~ 9 den k&t cgu cbng trinh, c i n quan tam d&'n quy trinh kh& deng, b6ng ma mly Day 1h v i h d& rgt quan trpng dd d h b8o b m ll m viec bihh t h u h g vil n h g cao tudi tho, do b6n c t a thi&

bi, lhm tang hifsu qu6 sir dung cbng trinh Barn chim p h y y cho tho6t nudc thii c6 can bH hay vgt c h g , biln c l t l h g dong ceng gap cic kh6 khan h i sir dung nhung

c6 th& khic phuc nha thigt bi khgy Tuy vay, hien ttrqng c6a phti sa b8i lang v$o mha 1ii 3 c i c sdng 16n thubng ph$c tap v5 kh6 xi? 19 h m nhi$u so v6i tic dong c6a bhn cht lang dong c6a nudc thHi

T6m lai, c6 th6 khang dinh rang, rnly b m chim 1B thi&t bi ca di&n thuec loai c6ng nghf! cao dii duqc sir dung vdi s6 l u w g kh6ng nh6 v i dang c6 nhu cdu riit I b

dBi v6i nhidu n@nh, dcc biqt dbi vdi n0ng nghi&p v b thost nu6c thiii Tuy nhien, c6 th& h e n g dinh ring, v& 1 - h q c mly b m chim, Vi@t Nam d5 bi @t hau khl xa so v6i c6c nudc khic trong khu vqc (Singapor, Thii Lan, Malayxia, Indbnexia) vd

hi& bigt chu* s8u trong ly thuygt tinh todn thigt kc, cbng ngh& che tao, quy trlnh cdng nghe v& lip dat, van hhnh khai th6c quAn 19 vh sira chila miiy born chim, c l c

kign thirc v& k@t c b c l c loai m i y barn chim vh c i c kiku c8ng trinh lap d+t mly bum chim, c6c thi lieu th6ng tin, cic thi lieu kf thu?t, cbng t i c bdi d u h g d i o tao chuyen nghnh v& born vA tram lap born chim d6i v6i c b c8n bg ky thuat, quHn 19, cdng

nhan linh nghe v& che tao, lip b$t, sira chiia born chim Nghla LA, nghi&n cliru sAu v&

bum chim, d$c bict, d$ thi v$ "Hqp t& rrghidn c h , c h 8 p o mdy bom c h h cdng suat Z phuc vu ndng nghiep" 1ii v h dC r%t cgp thiht b& 9 nghia khoa hqc ciing nhu hieu quA kinh t& x l hoi Cdn dac bict quan tAm chri 9 c i v& ch6 t m g chi bao chung cijng nhu tang c u b g kinh phi, nhan luc chgt xhm cho viec nhanh ch6ng tiep cgn v i nam bat cac kign thllrc v$ thigt kg, chh tao, lap bat v9 sa dung may b m chim caic c a c8ng sugt khhc nhau cho c i c n g h h khac nhau cha nen klnh t&' dgt nu& (bi

kkm the0 1h c i c k&'t cgu c0ng trinh tram t6i uu t~cfng img phh hqp vdi dieu kien cu the cha timg nglnh) ~6 t i i 18 budc khbi biu dd d6ng g6p kjp thbi cho vi&c tham gia thuc hien rgt nhi&u d u An cha B(9 Ndng nghiep v9 Phlt tri&n n6ng thbn trong th&i

gian tdi nhim cung clip ththt bbj m8y bom chim c6ng sugt 16n cho cdc tram born chim m6i hay thay the cho cLc miy b m ly tam, h u h g t q c th6ng t h u h g & qud c i

vh ~ I I hbng v6i nguBn v6n vi&n trd hing tram tri&u 66 la cha ODA hay v6n cha Ngan hang thg gidi giai doan 2 (WBZ), v6n c8a Ngan h b g phlt trikn chau A (ADB)

v i ngu6n vdn khBng nh6 Zr trong nuac

2.3 Nhu cau thi trubng may bum chim 6 trong nu&

Khio sAt nhu c8u thi t m h g tieu thu mAy bum chim b Vi&t Nam c6 the phen

Cic mdy barn gi&ng sAu nhgp c i a Nga tir nhimg nsm cudi the kf bubc

t h u h g c6 gid thhnh thgp theo cic Hiep djnh vC vien trg cha Lien X8 cii hogc theo cdc Hqp d$ng kinh ti5 ky thugt v6i gii thtri bao cgp Dgn nay, c i c born chim c6a Nga khdng chn gi6 th$ nira v i g i i dP tang k h i cao (ga'n b h g gii5 c6a born c i c nudc Italy, TBy Ban Nha vA d i t hun so vdi born c h i c6a HBn Qu6c) Bum chim kitu gigng s8u cua Trung Qu6c ciing dii dudc nhgp khdu vho Vi&t Nam kh5 nhi6u co c h 8

luqng k6m hung gi6 thhnh qud th5p nen v b tiCu thu duqc v6i s6 I u ~ g kh6ng nhb

b c i c dla phuung

Hien nay, trCn thj t m h g c i c b m gigng sAu ( b m chim tryc d h g hoac t p c ngang h i & tdng chnh n = 4 -12 t h g chnh) dang dude nhgp kh$u tir Italy, Hin Qudc, Dii Loan, My, Nh+t v i Trung Quiic

C6 met sd CCI s& CCI khi cha H i NQi, thhnh ph6 H6 Chi Minh, Ha Nam chg tao mUt s 6 chi ti&, phu tiing thay th6 cho c6c barn nh3p ngoai Tuy nhien, cac phu tiing duqc chb tao d&u dqa theo miu nu6c ngoii (kh0ng c6 nghien ccinr bii bin) nen chgt l u c g khsng cao a n g vi 19 do 66 r n A hieu sugt l i m viec c6a born chim sau

khi sira chila bho d u ~ g t h u h g r i t thgp, gay t6n k&m nhieu v& chi phi nang luqng

cho barn Vi k h h g diu tu cho nghien c h nghiem tiic, d$y dh nen kh0ng c6 thi lieu

ky thuat phd bien rgng r5i h a m b6i d u h g ki6n thirc cho cin bq v2 c0ng n h aky

thu? chuyCn sau v6 bum chim rinh trang n l y 15 vgn d& b3c xx6c cdn quan t h chlL

9 khac p h y Sd l u g g mhy burn chim ki6u gibng sau dude nhgp khdu vdi sb lqmg

llrn vh nhu chu nghy cing tang

2.3.2 Ciic bom chim nhii'u cup c@t tip cao sd dung cho khai thdc rnd vd thout

n ~ d c thdi

Chc b m c h i n phuc vq khai thAc m6 v i thoht nudc thAi l h viec v6i m6i

t m h g chgt 16ng c6 nhi$u tap chgt hoii hoc nen rgt nhanh hu h h g Cic chi ti& phdn dAn dbng phii thay th& nhi&u W khhng c6 hidu bi&t sAu v& bum chim nen cac phu tiing thay thE v3n phii nh+p ngoai IA chinh MQt s6 chi ti& thay W' d ~ d c chg tao trong nu& deu c6 chst luqng thgp, tudi tho ngan, chua d i p h g duuc cAc y&u chu ciia sin xu5t-

Cic burn chim phuc khai M c m6 vA thoit nudc thii dwc nh!p ngoai c6

sB l ~ q g it h m nhi&u so vdi loai b m chim ki&u gi&ng s Au n h m g do dac di&m phii chlu mhi mbn, chgt lbng c6 tap chgt phirc tap n&n giA t h M ra't cao Chc bum chim

loai nay h a p chS yk'u cfia Oc, Nhat, Y , Nga

2.3.3 May bom chim phuc v u n6ng nghiep

Nghicn c h , khio siit tinh hinh sir dung mhy burn chim phuc y tudi ti& trong n6ng nghiep cc6 chc nude cdng nghi&p phht tridn (My, PhAp, Italy, Nhat Nga), cPc nlrbc NIC c6a chAu A (HBn QuPic, Dhi Loan) vh ciic nudc ASEAN c6 th6 nit ra n h i h bii hpc bd ich cho viec hoach djnh phit trian ngAnh ch& tao miy b m n6i chung, sir dung may burn chim n6i rieng b nudc ta

LA m0t n ~ d c nBng nghiep liia nudc, n h h g nZrn qua Viet Nam dZ bat n h h g thAnh t+ 1611 trong nBng nghiep Nghnh thdy lui vdi d c h& th6ng thily 1qi vh c i c

tram bum d5u m6i d5 c6 nhmg d6ng g6p 1 h vAo t h b h dii n&u Kinh nghiem v&

nghiCn ciru, thigt kg chES tao vA su dung hhng ngAn mjly bum c i c loai trong h m nua

th6 ky qua dii cho chfing ta nhimg bhi hoc bd ich, tao di&u kien cho vi@c i p dung

n h h g tikn bQ khoa hoc ky thu+t mdi vho s i n xu& trong 66 c6 vgn be mAy burn chim

Trudc mat, trong thbi ky 2002 - 2015 kinh tE Vi&t Nam phfit trign manh,

h u n g tibm lqc v& kinh tG ciing nhu sli.c mua cfia n&n kinh te nudc ta cbn han ch&' so vdi c8c nude khPc trong khu %c (Singapo, Malayxia, Thfii Lan ) MAy b m chim

lh sAn phim cdng nghi&p c6 tinb cBng ngh& cao vh gi8 thhnh kh0ng th$ Dh c6 dau

tu nghien ciiu, thigt kk? chi?' tao burn chim trong nude nhim giim gii thinh s i n

phdm v i chh dong cung cdp thiia bi cho s i n xugt (k6 c i phu tiing thay the?, nhung

khH nang ve thi t r u h g ti&u thu m i y born chim cPc cB c0ng sugt cho ndng nghiep ciing chi phit trien vdi tBc do phb hgp v& di&u kien cu thd Viet Nam (do y&u ti5 tam

19, trinh do hi& bikt chung c6a c6n bo quHn If, ky thu!t tir kh8u thikt kk, chi5 Go, lap d+t vh v+n hgnh sir dung t6c dong)

ThHo lugn vi$ vi&c hoach d m kg hoach phiit tridn vA sir dung cAc loai bum

chi cho nBng nghiep c6 thb phan chia theo cAc hudng sau:

a ) VkcQi rzrt6c

4

May barn chim phuc y cho nbng nghiep sE chi dem lai hi& quh cao d$i vbi

c l c d n g co su dao dong muc n ~ d c @ hiit AZ Z 4 - 5 m vA cgt nudc d/a hinh phHi bum H,, 3 6m Nghia li, cot nudc miy bam phAi d h bio H, 3 7m CAc d n g c6 cot nudc thgp hcm vln c6 th6 sir dung bam chim n h n g hieu q u l sE thgp h m nn&n d

it duuc khuygn khich hoac sE duuc mb rQng p h m vi Ap dung.trong nhi$u n&n sau

Kinh nghjem sir dung c i c mhy born nudc phuc vy tu6.i tieu trong nbng nghiep

c6 th6 chia ra c i c khoAng trj s6 theo c i c viing v i muc dich sir dung khic nhau:

- Vdi chc tram bum phuc t&i kgt hgp tieu qua cdc d& bao doc chc de quai cfia

khu c c b8i ven sbng Hdng, song CAu, song Thli Bi nh c6 th6 dDng cic born chim c6 cot nuirc H,= 7 - 18 m

- Vdi cicviing ven s0ng Hdng, song MZ, song Lam vdi chc d& ldn, caoviviing Trung du mi&n BBC, mien Trung c6 th6 sit dung loai bum chim c0t Ap Hb= 20 -

Vdi muc ti& n&u tr&n nhim dat hi@ q u i kinh ti5 cao khi diing miy bum chim

c%n quan tam den d c gam bum phu hop v6i cPc trj s6 c6ng sua't v i luu lugng d6 thay thk cic bum cii m i vAn sir dung d u ~ c c6c c6ng trinh th6y lqi dbu m6i (tram bam, cira van, cira c6ng) v i d c he thdng k&nh mumg & xay dung C6 the nghi&n

c h , thi&t kb vA chi5 tao chc bum chirn lip vdi c6c dong ca dien chim theo cbng su%t:

Hien nay, thqc ti5 dang sir dung h h g nghn mdy barn dbng ch6o t p c ngang 12LTX- 40 hoac HL900- 9 v& cAc thbng sd kp thu+t:

- C6t n ~ t d c mjly barn H = 9 m

- LUU l u ~ g mPy barn Q = 900 m3/h

Cbc mby barn 12LTX- 4 0 d cii, hu h6ng nhieu, hi@ q u i sir dung th%p v i dB den th&i k3 thay th& hhng loat CAc tram ddu mbi vh he theing cBng trinh be

hut, b6 x l , k&nh muung vb sir dung t6t Ngohi ra, nhieu tram bum vdi qui m6 tubi

tiCu dbi h6i cric m8y burn c&p nudc c6 c8c thbng sb ky thuet cu bin tumg tq hoac tang them 10, - 15% luu l u q g m8y burn Nghia l i , nhu cdu ve born chim vdi cfic thdng s 6 kj; t h u g nhu d l n&u lh rlit c h thiH Loai rnPy barn chim cdng sugt d w g c a di&n N = 37KW sB dPp h g cPc yeu c8u rgt I& cha thuc tg (k6 cb tang luu lugng nang cao hi@ q u i sir dung c i a cBng trinh)

V6i dgng cu di&n c hN = 37KW c6 the nghi&n c h gam barn chim vdi cot nudc may bum H, = 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 , 4 0 , 5 0 vB 60 m

Ngoli ra, tmdc mat c6 th6 nghien c h c l c burn chim c6ng s u a dong c a

N = 55KW lap vdi c6c m i y born h8n lm H = 10 - 15 m, Q = 800 - 1400 m3/h vh

c6c gam b a n v6i c i c c0t iip khhc nhau

Thuc ti5 s i n xust cGng dang rgt cin loai bum chim k i b h u h g t q c v8i c6ng sugt N = 75KW c0t 6p H = 7 - IOm, luu l u q g Q = 1800 - 2500 m3/h

Sau khi sHn xugt v i i p dung vAo shn xu9lt phuc n6ng nghiep cdc loai m6y

b m chim cbng sugt N = 37,55,75KW sB mh rQng pham vi tang cbng sugt N = 100

- 300KW vA giam N = 0,5 - 30KW nham d i p img d l y dh c8c gam burn chim phb

h q vCri cdc yeu cdu v l muc dich sir dung cu tht

2.4 KhP nting xugt khau may barn chim

Nhitng nHm qua, thhi kk ddi mdi dH tao di&u kien cho cdc cBng ty s i n xu& cdc thigt bl cu dien cha Vi&t Nam tigp xuc vbi cric HBng nudc ngohi vh cac th]

m h g tieu thu Cbc t h i d bi mdy bum lap vdi dong c a dien do Vi&t Nam sAn xu& d5 c6 chgt lugng teit, hinh thirc my t h a t dep, c6 th6 canh tranh vdi c6c s6n p h h chng

loai cha ciic nu&: ThPi Lan, &I DQ, Trung Qudc Th& manh c6a m6y bum Vi&t

Nam Ih chgt l u ~ g vh h'hh thirc khbng thua k6m cbc nude trong khu %c mh giA

t h h h th3'p hun nhieụ CAc doanh nghiep Viet Nam dH thang thdu n h i b du an cung

clip mdy bum cho Lho, Campuchiạ Trung tLim t z ~ v i k da:u tu, hiể kk: cbng ngh$ ca

dzen nbng nghiep vu thGy Zpi (AGRIMECAD) cung v8i ~ 6 n g c0ng ty cd dien nbng nghiep vh thby lqi (AGRTMECO) dZ thuc hien n h i h DU 5n cung cgp c i c may bum nudc, cac thigt bj c a dien phuc ỹ nbng nghiep vh thhy lai cho c6c dja ph~cmg cha LAO, Campuchia thu nhi$u ngoai tẹ

Kinh nghiem n h i h nam lhm viec v6i BQ NBng Lam nghiep cua CQng hoh

dan chu nhAn dan Lha, Vumg qudc Campuchia dii chi rd rang c i c nudc niy c6 nhu cdu rgt Idn v& m i y bum chim phuc vy nbng nghicp vdi cdc thong sB' ca bAn:

- Vhng háLho vh Campuchia cAn mmLy barn chim v6i cgt nudc H = 10 - 20 m

v i cbng'sugt dQng cu di&n N = 37 - 75 KW

- Vung t h n g vA thugng Lio cAn mQy barn chim v6i cot nu6c H = 30 - 45 m vh c6ng sugt d w g cd dien N = 37 - 75 KW

Cac bja phuung cha Lao vh Carnpuchia d5 nh!p kh6 nhiCu chc mdy barn

chlrn viri cbc th8ng sb dZ n&u cba c8c HBng born & Do, Nhat, Mỵ Song song viri

vi&c tap tl-ung nghi&n ciru d6 thi nghi&n ciru v l triln khai Du An s l n x u a thir nghiem mAy bum c h i n cBng sugt ldn phuc vy n0ng nghiep, Trung tam AGRIMECAD vh

~ d n g cBng ty AGRIMECO dii c6 sg trao đi, h* tic vB thoA thu@ vdi tinh HSa Phan vB Kham Mu0n (Lio) d& cung cgp cho ban mot sb mhy bum chin cbng s u 8 N

= 37 - 55KW, H = 30 - 45 m Dq ki&n sE cung cap cho tinh V i h g Chin 08 td m6y

b m chim cBng sugt 1611 N = 150 KW, H = 16 m, Q = 2500 m3/h

3.1 Lua chon doi tuqng nghien c h va ca sir Iy thuyet tinh toan

Do di&u kien d!a hinh chc d n g shn xu& nbng nghi&p vdi chc tram born c6

dao dQng muc nudc b& hlit 16n dbi hbi thi&t bi m6y barn c6 dac thii rieng: tohn be tt$

mhy born phAi dat chim trong nudc Tuy nhien, xu&t phAt tir yeu c$u thuc tE, diZu kien sAn xuilt vB tr'mh d6 c i a cbng nghe chE tao, trhh d6 dan tri cha nguai sir dung c6 th& chon bum dbng cheo v6i cdng suait N = 37KW CQt bp c%n dat H 2 lOm

- Ndc = 3 7 COng ~ sugt dong ca ~ di&n

- K,, = 1,05 He s6 an tohn cha dong co

- H , = lorn CBt i5p thik't kg c6a mAy born

Luu I u q g thigt kg cha miy born 1h:

Hien nay, nhieu phumg phiip tinh toin thdy dQng luc cic he th6ng Iudi cinh miiy barn dbng chko dat mirc do t6t v i nghy cing duuc hoPn thi&n C6 th6 xAc dinh

c6c kich thudc c6a bAnh cdng tic mhy born dbng chko theo c i c g i i thik't lh diCu

ki&n t8n th5t thiiy lqc nh6 nhgt tumg img vdi c9c tri sb nh2, nhgt cfia van t6c tumg d6i trong r5nh tai cira vho v i ra kh6i b h h cbng tac

Hinh 111.1 TiCi dien kinh tuygn &-n d6ng bbnh cdng tdc born ddng cheo

C6c kich thudc c a b i n ciia ti& dien kinh tuygn d h dbng bhnh cbng t i c bum dbng ch6o (h'mh III.1) x8c drnh the0 CAC thong s6 c a b h cba bum

6 ) Sdvdng quay d@c trung c i a barn ( n, )

Trong d6:

$ n = 1450v/ph SB' vbng quay cba bum

vbng quay dac tnmg n, = 4 6 9 v / p h sE cho he theing ludi canh may bum

k i i u dbng chCo

3.1.2 Cu s& l ' thuytft tihir tuun bdnh c6ng tuc mdy born ddng chdo

Dieu ki&n 1hm viec c i a bum lii su chenh itch Ap luc b hai phia cAnh bAnh cBng thc, do 6 6 c6 SIJ i o n g 8n dinh c i a van tdc tuyet ddi vh dp luc b trong bdnh

cdng tac Tuy nhien, chuygn dong tumg dBi b banh cdng t i c 18 chuyin dong 6n

dinh Do 66, tac dung t u m g h6 cha dbng chiy vh he thdng c i n h c6a binh c6ng t6c

duqc nghien ciru trong chuygn dong t u m g d6i, cbn dbng chat lbng trong phiin 6ng hut vh Bng xP miiy bum duqc xCt trong chuygn dong tuyet dbi

P h u m g trinh ca b h cha may c i n h cho ph6p chuy&n b i i toin x i c djnh cot nudc cSa binh cbng t6c sang b l i to6n x6c dinh 66 gia mbmen dong lugng cba dBng

chiy b trong binh cbng t i c , tdc la t a bhi toan dong luc hoc chuyin sang dong hoc

D6i vdi bum dong ch6o c 6 he s6 tf t6c chng cao thi banh cbng tac chng g5n

vdi loai hudng t r y Khi 8y cc6 th8 sh dung phucmg phap thiei kg 1 ~ 6 i profin t h h g dd tinh t o i n cinh T6t nhgt v l n la diing p h u m g phiip t h h l u ~ phhng tr& tren b& mat hinh tru, sau d 6 dhng thufit bi6n hinh b i o gidc c i c profin dZ c6 t h h h c i c mat dbng

chHy d6i x h g qua t ~ c binh cbng tic chnh chko Trong tnrlmg hqp nay c6 th6 dbng c6c c6ng thirc vh h(! s 6 tinh to6n cho binh cbng tic bum h u h g t q c

Trong t m h g h* he so" t i t8c n, c i a born dBng ch6o nhb h m thi dhng ch6y b

vhng binh cbng tic sE c6 tinh chart v!t If gdn gidng trong born ly a m Tinh toin

thigt kb cinh binh cbng tic phHi dqa tren 1y thuygt ddng tia c i a a-le Bb c b niy

sE sir dung phlrmg phip tinh cinh c6a bom dbng chCo dga tren co sb 19 thuygt cha

b m ly tam

Nhi&m cba 19 thuygt b m c h h d h 11 nghikn c h su trao ddi niing luqng

v i c i c lqc tic dung tumg hd giila bhnh xe c6nh vh dbng chhy Trong vimg b5nh cbng tic dbng chiy c6 chuydn dong tuy&t d6i kh8ng 6n dinh vi chuygn dong b di6m bgt k3 trong h& toa d0 cb d m s t thay d6i theo chu kp phu thuoc vho s l thay dBi ciia

iip sugt i3 cPc.rikh binh cdng tic Do vdy, tac dung tuong hd ciia dong chiy vh h/! thdng cPnh cPa binh cdng tic dude nghien cciru trong chuy&n d w g tumg ddi, cbn dbng chgt 116ng trong phAn bng h6t v l Bng xh m5y bum duuc xem xtt bong chuygn d0ng tuy&t d& Sa dd chuydn dQng c6a dbng chiy trong bum dbng ch6o tr-inh biy tren h'mh 111.2

Phumg tnnh Becnuli cho chuyin dong hrdng d6i cba tia phln tir chgt lbng khbng nkn dugc xAc dinh:

Hinh 111.2 Sa dri' chuy2h dQng clia dortg chdy trong barn dorrg chu'o

Trong ti& dien 1-1 c6 chuydn d0ng khbng dn dinh vira 12 tu&t dBi v h N m g dBi Phumg tr'hh Becnuli cho doan 1 -x

Tir tam giic t6c do (hhh LII.3)

Ta c6 su gia tang nang l u ~ g theo dbng tia b doan 1.1 va 2.2:

Sq gia tang nang luqng dun vi c6a dbng tiaH, tq If! vdi su thay ddi mdmen tbc

d0 cfia n6 (khdng tinh tdn thgt thhy luc)

Chuyin kt dbng tia tinh ti&p cho toPn be dbng chiy c&n x9c dinh m h e n

trung binh ciia tbc d0 (RV , ) & ti& dien vho vh m:

Xem xkt so d8 tic dung tumg h6 cfia dbng chhy vh binh cdng the Su thay

ddi mdmen dong l ~ q n g deii vbi dbng Bn d f i b binh xe cPnh Q = cotrct, n = const tit

ti& dien 1 - 1 den ti& di$n 2-2 sC 12:

Hinh 111.3 Tam gibe ti% dc trong mcj hmi ddng chi0

a ) d c2a vcio b) d cr5a ra

thay ddi mdmen dong luqng trong bAnh cdng tAc M,,duqc can bing bbi

mdmen xoan cfia t*c born M , v l c8c mbmen do ma sat ( M , ) vh ( M , )

Nghia 18, phuong trinh c a bin c6a mly bum clnh d&n (trong d6 c6 ki6u bum

ly tam) l i phudng trinh Becnuli (2-5) v i phuang trinh c5c mbmen dong luqng d6i v&i dbng 8n dinh trong m9y bom (2-6) v i (2-7) Ta c6 th& xhc djnh cct nubc 19

thuy&'tH, vh sq gia tAng rnbrnen dong Iuqng c6a dbng chhy b viing bhnh cbng thc theo biiu thiic:

Phumg trinh d m giin nhnhait the0 19 thuygt ddbg tia (phumg trinh a-le) dude xlc djnh vdi chc giA thigt: chlit 16ng I9 h l h g , s 6 16 cinh 111 vb h a n ( ~ , = m)vl teic do g6c(a, = consr)dhng dd nghien ciru chuyin dong b d n g b6nh c0ng thc b m ly t h

Do su t8n tai cba l u ~ hohn t8c d 0 r = ZIIRV, nkn xuai hien khbng ddng d&u c6a bidu

dd t8c dO trongr~fnh banh cbng t& C0t nu& 19 thuygt c i a bum x i c djnh qua trj s6

luu hoAn t6c do b cira vho (r, ) v i cira v i o (I-, ) b6nh cBng thc :

RB ring, luc nang cira binh cOng tic xu&t hi&n tr&n cAc luu hoin teic d0 bao quanh c l c 19 d n h gay ra s t 1H ngu6n g6c 19 thuygt tao n&n cot Ap ciia miiy bm[4]

Cgn llru 9 r h g , cot nubc tinh theo s d dB chnh vB h e ( ~ , ) v h trj sb thi nghi&rn

c i a cot nu& 19 t h u y d ( ~ , , ) c 6 sp khPc nhau b6i h& sb hi&u chinh do Bnh h u h g c i a st5 lugng cbanh h h han(p):

3.1.3 Phumg irinh cu h 7 n tinh tuan banh c6ng i2ic mdy bmn ddng che'u

PhAn l h cAc tram bum phuc y tudi tieu trong nbng nghiep hi&n nay d&u lap bom ly tAm, barn h u h g t y c vB rnQt sd bum dbng ch6o (h0n 1 ~ )

Bum ly tam lhrn vi&c dua tr&n nguy&n I9 tic dung cha luc ly tam tao duuc nh8 bhnh cbng thc quay

C6 th6 sir dung chc phuong phip ttinh toin rniri cho bum dbng chCo, nudc chiy v8o bhnh c8ng tic theo hudng doc t y c v6.i ven t6c tuyet d6iVOd&V,' Vdi vgn tdc d6, nu& chiy vho r5nh binh cBng thc tigp tyc t h g v@ t6c dgn trj sB'5 6 cira ra Qua rgnh bbanh c0ng thc, chc phAn 13 nu6c chuygn dQng phirc tap, vi ciing quay vdi bAnh cbng tdc n&n sB c6 v+n t6c quay U v h doc theo 18 cLnh sZ c6 vgn t6c tuang d6i

W Trong didu kien thgc t&, nghia 18 vdi c h u y h deng cha chgt 16ng 1y t u h g qua bhnh cdng tic vdi s b cinh 1611 vb han, c6 thd ceng hai chuy6n d0ng thanh chuydn deng tuy&t d6i c6a chgt 16ng vdi van t6cY Dung quy dao chuydn dong nhu nhau dBi vdi c i c phdn ti? Khii niem vi$ dbng c h ~ t lBng 19 t u h g qua binh c0ng d c duuc

sh dung dd lap phuung trinh 19 thuygt c a bin cho bum ly tam Van t8c tuyet d8i cha nudc ir ci3a v h v9 trong r5nh binh cbng tacY, x8c dinh tir bi6u ddd van t8c bing chch cQng hinh hoc vgn t6c quayU, vB van t6c tumg d6i W ,

Trong tgt cci c i c bum dbng chko ty t8c cao, nudc chiy vlo binh cBng tic the0 hudng doc t v c vdi v!n t6c tuy&t d8i v0 dgn V, V6i v$n t& d6, nude chiy vio rinh binh cBng tAc tiep &tc ting v?n t6c dgn trj s6v2b cha ra Qua r5nh binh cbng tic, cic phan tir nudc chuygn dong phdc tap, vi cting quay vdi binh c0ng tic n&n sE c6 v?n t8c quay U y i doc the0 l i cgnh sE c6 vgn t6c tumg d8i W Trong di&u ki&n t h ~ c

t&, nghia la v6i chuygn d w g cc6a chgt 16ng 19 t u h g qua blnh c0ng tic vdi st5 cAnh ldn vd han, c6 th6 cong hai chuydn d0ng thinh chuyen d w g tuyet dBi cfia c h a l h g vdi v+n t6cv ::D@g quy dao chuy6n dong n h ~ nhau ddi v6i cAc phsn tir Kh6i niem v& dbng chgt lbng 19 t u h g qua binh cBng t8c duqc sh dung dd lap phuctng trinh 19

thuygt c a bin cho burn ly tarn V+n t6c tuyet d6i cha nudc b cira vho vh trong r2nh bhnh cdng tic V, x b dlnh tir bidu dB van t6c bhng cich cong hinh hoc van tdc quay

Sir dung d m lust thay d8i mbmen d6ng l u q g d6i vdi dbng 8n dinh c6a khBi

chgt lbng chhy qua r5nh bhnh c0ng t5c d& l+p phumg trinh c a ban cho born ly tam

Nghia la, c8n darn bHo c b di&u ki&n giH thid: s6 c6nh b h h cbng t b n h i h

vB han va m6ng vb cbng, chgt llbng 19 t u h g (khbng nh6t)

GiA sir c6 1 u q g nudc chira ddy trong kho6ng khbng gian giila hai l i cinh binh cBng tic, b thbi didm ban ddu v/ tri ciia kh6i nudc b abcd, qua k h o h g thai

gian dt vi tri 66 thay ddi t h h h efhg Dat kh6i l u q g c6a 16p nudc m6ng vb chng abfe chly tir r h h binh cbng tic ra 1 1 dm KhB'i l u w g d6 sE bang khdi luqng chgt 16ng cdgh chAy vio bAnh cbng tac trong thbi gian dt

t) viing abhg gi3a hai lii ciurh bainh cbng t i c c 6 m0men kh6i l u w g chuyen

dong khbng thay dbi trong thiri gian dt Nghia 18, sg thay dbi mbmen kh6i lugng chuydn dong cha chiit lbng ir r2nh banh cbng taic cdgh vh kh6i lugng dm chAy ra

khbi biinh cbng tAc (abfe)

Su thay ddi c i a mbmen khdi luqng chuy&n dong b h g xung mbmen cda th

cA ngoai Iuc tac dgng vio chst 116ng nam b giOa hai 1A ciinh Mnh cbng tAc trong thbi

Y - Trong luqng rieng cua chgt l6ng

CBng su%t do bang tich cllra momen tr&n t ~ c dong cu vB v@ t6c g6co cfia bAnh cBng thc:

Tf s6 dm/dt tinh cho c i cPc r k h binh cOng t i c se lB luu lugng kh6ng ddi c i a kh6i chi% lbng qua binh cbng t i c trong don vj th&i gian:

Tir phuong tr'mh:

a

MU = - o ( r , V , cos a , - r, V, cos a, ) (3.18)

g

Ta sZ c6 ph~cfng tr'hh 0-le cho cBng sugt 19 thuy&t cha m6y bbm ly tam:

N = - - o ( u , ~ , cosa, -u,Y, cosa,)

g

Trong d6: u , = r,w, vh u, = r,m, li v+n t8c quay ci3a ra v2 cira vho, ngoii ra:

V , cos a, = V " , v i V, cosa, = V,, IP hinh chi& ciia ven tbc tuy@t dBi theo h ~ h g c6a v+n tdc quay ciia bbnh cbng thc

CQt 6p 1f thuygt H,, cha bom ly tarn x6c djnh the0 cbng thli'c:

Thbng t h u h g trong bum ly tarn chait l6ng chly vho bAnh cbng tAc theo

h u h g kinh, nghia 13 a, = 90" ta c6 cot 6p If thuygt:

C0t Qp thuc c6a bum lu6n nhb hun c0t bp If thuy&t do Anh hubng c h s6 c6nh

born 18 h3u han lam gilm sp Bn dinh c6a d6ng chiy v l sirc c h thhy luc ttang l&n

h h u h g cha s6 I& cAnh hSu han Ihm giAm cet 6p rn6y barn tinh theo h& s6

hi@ chinh k, (1 Anh h ~ h g cba sirc cAn thly lqc 1Prn g i h cot tip bidu th/ theo h& sii hi+ sust thhy lpc q b

Khi gy, cbng thirc tinh tohn cot iip rnby bum sE lh:

Trong 66:

ZI - Sd 18 chnh bBnh c8ng tic

r, , r, - B6n kinh mCp vio v i mCp ra cha b f i c0ng tic

cY - H& sb phu thuec vho g6c d+t chnh b cira ra p,

3.1.4 Cdc phuungphhp tinh fohn bdnh cdng tdc bum ddng che'o tj t6c cao

D& tinh tohn bhnh c8ng tic barn t h b g thrrhg c6 th6 sir dung m6t trong c l c phuung ph5p sau:

a ) P h m g phdp ddng dang ( t m g tg hinh hoc)

P h m g phip ddng dang 1 i p h m g phhp dun giin nhilt, dqa vio cic bum m5u

c6 san hogc chc bum md hinh c6n, Mcmg tq Theo phuung phip nhy ngudi ta chi

viec nhan cdc'kich thudc cda bum thuc vh bum miu D& tinh to6n the0 phrrmg phip

dH ntu ngulti ta phHi c6 bin thibt kb chudn cha born m b hoQc bum rn6 hinh, dgc

tinh nang lumg cfia bum d& dua vio d 6 x5c djnh he s6 chuygn ddi Trong t n h g h* kh0ng c6 b i n thiQ k& chudn thi r6 rang 18 bHn thibt kb mdi sB kh6ng dat y&u

c h v& th6ng si5 nang luqng ciing nhu hi@ sugt clia bum

CAc kich thubc ca bin c8a binh c0ng tic xac djnh theo phucmg tr'hh d6ng dang :

f i

C = K , X

He st5 tf 1e 88ng dang the0 bum m6 hinh:

6) P h m g phiip mot @ad@

Phucmg phap mot toa do lh phuung phip thi& kk d m gi%n h u n g c6 hi@ qui, pr6fin cinh thi&'t k$' dim b i o g6c vio vh g6c ra cfia cinh phti h* vdi dgc tinh dbng chiy, phuung phip niy duuc sir dung rong rCi Khi sir dung phuung phip niy dbi

hbi ngu& thikt kk phii c6 kinh nghiern trong viec lua chon m0t s6 thbng s6 hinh hoc ban d$u c i a ludi cinh Them vho 66, vi&c thi& k&'ludi cinh chi c6 thd thuc hien bing ph6p d ~hinh th6 c6ng g kh6 lap trinh tinh toen tr&n m i y vi tinh

Phumg phhp Iuc nang lj phumg phPp d q c sir dung r6ng riii b c6c nudc TAy

Au, nhu ta dB biB, binh c6ng tPc duuc tinh to6n bang phumg phPp hai toa do tirc lh bhnh cdng t6c phii tinh tohn cho mQt so" tigt dicn tir bdu c h h tdi vb bum, thuc tE

m6i ti& dien lh mgt prdfin, chc prbfin tumg h g vdi m6i tiEt dien khac nhau sE c6

cAc he so" luc nang khdc nhau, n6u chon prbfin khi dbng thoi miin chc he s6 luc nang vA luc chn tbi uu thi cdc ti& dien sE c6 c6c prbfin dang khPc nhau Nhu v+y

khi xAu c6nh sE kh6 d%m bAo su subn deu cha 16 chnh Chinh vi vgy, trong qu6 tr'hh thigt kk phAi vE vB di$u chinh cAc thdng s6 n h i h Ian tao ra kh6 khan cho vi&c lap trinh v i tlnh tohn trkn may vi tinh Phumg ph5p nay c6 uu diem lh khdi Iuqng tinh to6n d m giIn vh sir dung cLc prdfin khi dong dii dude khio nghiem tin cay, hi+ sugt cao; phuuqg phLp nPy sir dung cho thigt kk b a n c6 sB l i c6nh Z nhb, viec xAc dlnh cac thbng s 6 pr6fin d m vdi pr6fin d5y cdnh rgt kh6 kh8n

Phumg phdp X m Z dua trkn giA thuygt 118 do cong c6a d u h g nhan prdfin c6 anh hdmg quygt d m tdi luu s6 v+n t6c hay do cinh tao nen, vi v+y, ciing Anh

h ~ h g quye"t djnh tdi lgc nang tic dung 1Cn prdfin cinh Dqa theo quan h& cha lgc nangC,, vdi l m s 6 v+n t6c bao quanh prdfin vP quan he c6a lqc nAngC, vdi g6c dac tnmg cho 66 cong c i a prdfinp, ta xLc d~ dudc ggcp, theo c i c th&ng sB hinh hoc

v i dong hoc cha ciinh Trong tntirng h* nhy d ~ h g nhhn cha prbfin 1P mot cung trbn

e ) Phu;mg phhp Bauerospheldo

Gia thi&'t t h h h phAn quay cua vgn t6c vbng cfia xoiiy Litn h* bi triet tiCu

w , = 0 Phuang phiip nPy d ~ g c sir dung rong r l i dB tinh toin thi& kC bAnh c8ng thc barn ly tarn ty t6c cao

Dqng d u h g dong thg trong ti& dien kinh tuygn cfia bAnh c6ng tic SE d ~ g c

d u h g dong S, c i c d ~ b n g deng thbo vh tntbng v+n tbc V ,

Theo diZu ki&n song song c6a vkc-ta xoLy be mat l i c5nh F ta c6:

d day: ai - Su gia tang the0 tryc miy burn

Ti& dien kinh tuyen be mgt l i c h h F m t r h g v6i cic d u h g xoiy thinh phino Nghia lA, vdi c l c d ~ h g e ~ .r = consr n h tr&n mgt phi!ing kinh tuygn, & mat bang sE la cac d u h g thang

Cho quy luat thay ddi V, R = f (6)d6i vdi mot trong chc d u h g dbng vdi gi9 trl

V m , ta c6 th& xay d q g dude b& mat li cinh nhd phumg tr'hh vi phan c3a d u h g cat

lii c h h vdi b& mat d u h g dbng:

GiH si3 qui lust V , R = f ( 8 ) n h ~ nhau d8i viri tgt cA chc d ~ h g dbng Phumg trinh d u h g dbng duuc tich phan the0 hhm dB cho doc the0 chc d u h g dbng:

Trong thqc te, ttich phan nBy thubng d ~ g c cho d ~ d i dang bing

fl Phumg phbp Vdzmhexenski - Pkkin vu LkxGkhin- Sim8n6v

CBc phumg ph6p tinh to6n cha Vbzonhexenski-P&kin v i Uxdkhin-SimBnBv c6 noi dung co bAn gi6ng nhau, the0 c6c ph~cmg ph5p nay t5c dong c6a cdc profin l&.n dbng chgt llbng d ~ u c thay thg bbi c5c xo5y phan b6 doc d u h g nhan theo mgt quy lust xhc d m Dbng chiy tBng hqp duqc x5c d w bang tBng ciia dbng song phhng khong n h i h va dbng xo6y tao bhi c6c xoiy phan bB theo dulmg nhan ciia profin, bang c9ch x6c dinh d ~ b n g dbng d n g hgp nhy sE x i c d j n h ' d ~ l m ~ n h w cha prbfin, d6 ciing la profin c9nh c6 chi& day m6ng vB ciing DQ xic djnh profin c6 chi& dhy h i h han ta d$ do day tr&n d u h g nhAn profin the0 mQt quy lust xic dinh, bang chch chon c6c prdfin thuc nghitm c6 dac tinh khi dQng t6t rdi My quy lugt phan bB d e d l y cSa n6 d& lam mhu chudn cho prBfin thi&t k& mdi

Di&u kh5c nhau chinh giila hai phumg phAp Ih: theo phumg phap Vbzunhexenski - P&kin coi dubng nhdn la mot cung trbn khi 66 c6 th6 giii dudc phuang trlnh tich phan h i m dhng cha d u h g dbng tao b&i dbng song p h h g khbng

n h i h vA dbng xoiy tao bbi cAc xoiy lien hap phdn bd tren dubng nhdn cha t$t cci cac prbfin trong ludi Cbn theo phumg phhp LBxBkhin - SimBnBv d u h g nhdn cha prbfin la mot cung cong bai kp x i c d@ bhi dbng song p h h g khbng nhi&u vh cic xoiy phan bb tren d u h g nhan c3a t$t cA c6c profin T&g hap nay khbng thd giHi

phumg tilnh tich phan b h g phumg phiip giAi tich m i phii giai bing phumg ph6p

gdn dling lien ti&p W v+y, vi&c giAi phucmg tr'inh tich phan sE rgt ph3c tap, nhung

dip lai, ph-g ph8p nhy cho c i c k&t q u i phG hop hun vdi bin chgt dbng chiy 3.2 Tinh toan thie't ke" may b m dbng chko

3.2.1 Cuc yku cdu ky thuut tir thqc le"'

Thqc t6 sin xu& ir cfic vCing s h xu& nbng nghi&p c6 su dao dong 1611 v& mcc

n ~ d c b6 hht tram barn dbi h6i phii c6 m8y bum nudc thi& kgblrn bio H 3 10m Ve

m9y b m , c6 th6 d8u ttu nghien c h , thigt kg, chg tao c9c m9y b m dbng ch6o v& he s6 tf t6c cnS = 469v / ph , cbng sugt dong caN = 37KW , cat 6p H r 1 Om, h.m luwg

Q = 900 m 3 / h

3.2.2 Tin h toun cac thdng s 8 kj thuat ctr bdn bun h c6ng fric b m d6ng chko

Sq phAt tridn c6a khoa ha, cdng nghe ciing nhu cAc nhu cAu c6a sAn x u 8 ddi hoi su cdn thigt phii nang cao do b$n vii hi@ qu6 kinh tE cha c i c miiy bum, trong

66 c6 may b m k i h dbng chto

Hinh 111.4 Phci'n &n ddng mhy b m ddng chko

C6 r&t n h i h phumg ph$ tinh t o h khic nhau de' x L djnh c i c thbng sb ky thugt cu bin C6 th6 sir d y g phuang ph8p tinh tofln b m dbng chto the0 trinh tq

sau :

1 D ~ h g kinh truc tai vj tt-i ldp bhnh cdng tdc (do)

Trj s6 d u h g kinh do x i c d/nh the0 d0 b&n xoin img vdi h g sugt x d n cho phkp c6a v+t leu thBp 45 tr&n t q c miiy bum [r, 1 = 120 K G / C ~ '

D u h g kinh chon: do = 50mm = 0,05m

2 Dlrhg kinh b h c6nh bdnh cdng t6c xdc djnh theo d i h kien b i n (db)

Duhg kinh chon: d, = 69mm = 0,069m

3 V4n t8c tuyet db? clia &ng chdj qua rid di{n hong d c2a vdo bbnh cbng tbc (V,)

Van tbc tuyet dbi ciia dbng chhy tai ti& di&n hong b cua v i o bban c6ng ttPc c6

J

Anh h u b r$t lh den chgt luqng xAm thuc vA hi&u sugt cfia m8y b m V$n tBc V,

c6 the xhc dinh the0 c6ng thtlc:

4 D u h g kinh ti& ditn hpng t ~ i c h Mnh cdng tar (Do)

6 V 4 n t62 vdng tqi cGa vcio bcinh cdng tcic (U ,)

C h thigt kg ti& dien kinh tuygn sao cho v+n tbc tuyet d6i (v, = V,) h a y d8i deu 3 gsh cira vko Enh c6ng tAc di! triet ti& ththanh phAn vsn t6c VM, = D ( h i d111 I)

7 Vdn r8'c tuung dSi: c i a ddng chdy @i c2a vdo bhnh cdng lac (W,)

8 D u i i g kfnh trung bdnh clia n~@ vdo cdnh banh cdng tdc (D,)

I

C h ch6 9 lua chon c d Hch thudc vh h i d dang p h h dh dhng 6 cira vio Mnh cbng tAc sao cho t h h h phdn v+n t b c ~ , , = 0 Khi ify, cot nu& miiy bchn s t dat t.rj sB I& nhift, Trong t m h g h q nly, v@ t6c tuy@t dBi c l a dbng chiyv, b cira vho banh cBng t8c d n h e n m@t p h h g kinh tuygn vh V , = V,, C6 the xic d@ c8c vgn

t6c tumg img 3 cira vho bbanh cbng t6c cb the ki! d&n h h h ~ h g ciia su lech dbng

( K = 1,l- He sei lcch dbng - He sb co hep cba ti& dien) (V,, = KV;, ) H ~ h g ciia v@ t6c tumg d6i Wl xhc dinh nha gbc j?,

9 Chi6u ddy l f c f n h vd sd'lugng cdnh hriv hqn

ChiQu dhy l i cinh vh s6 l u ~ g c h h h h h v lhm Iech dbng chiy n h n g kh8ng Ihm thay d6i m8men dong lu@g chift 116ng Khi gy, ta C ~ V ~ , ~ , = VA vB V,,, = V,, (3 day, **(I" chi fi v+n t6c tumg img vdi di&u kien dbng chHy khdng va tr

cha vho bAnh cbng tic)

Gbc nghieng c6a cinh t~cmg img vdi dbng chdy kh6ng va b cira viio Mnh

cbng dc:

10.Ddng lien tuc boo quanh 16 cbnh vbi vdn t& tumg dbi W,

IXng lien tuc bao quanh la cinh vai V& t6c t ~ b n g d6i W, cGa dbng chHy sau

khi viio khu w c Mnh csng tic SE c6 h u h g trbng vdi tigp tuygn c6a 16 c h h @i c h vho ngudc chitu v& vqn tdc v6ng U , tao thhnh g6cp,

d day: 6 = 9'55' = G6c tdi d6i vdi dbng chay c6 va cho binh cbng tAc kieu dbng chko c6 n, = 469

f l n = X +0,68.469-'I3 = 0,988

12 Hi& sudi ca khi c Ja born qCX

b) Hi&u sugt ngoai cu khl ciia born [I 2,131 c6 thd liiy qcKwg = 0,97

Xhc d/nh hieu sugt thhy l ~ c cta bdm theo cBng thee Urnakin [12]

d day: D , - D u h g kinh tinh ddi tai mkp vho bAnh cdng t6c

1 5 L m 1 ~ ~ g : t i n h to6n clia born Q,,

16 CQt nu&: 1j thuye"r clia bom H,,

H rK

H I , =-

711

1 7 D ~ h g kinh 167.1 n h d &p r a c i a 16 cunh bdnh cdng tdc D,,,

D u h g kinh 1611 nhgt mkp ra ciia 16 c4nh bAnh cbng tAc Dm, bum dbng ch&o x6c dinh theo n h i h cbng thirc khAc nhau do nhibu t6c giA db xu&

Thuc t& cho thgy, c6 th6 img dung cbng thirc tinh d m giAn m i cho k&t quA

hop 19 nhgt:

ZB.Du&ng kinh nhd nhdt clia mp ra khdi bdnh cdng iuc D

Trong d6: p = 0,6 - HQ st5 lim giim hien tuwg nudc va

I9.Chigu rang r&h d tie"tifn kkih t u y h tqi crPa vdo bdnh cdng tdc b ,

20.Diibng kink hi?? ich trung binh d mip ru cliu cunh brinh cdng tdc D,

23.Chieu rQng cria rdnh cdc k f cdnh biinh cdng idc b,

24.Van tdc tumg dai cGu ddng chdy d c i a r a khdi bdnh cdng t&c W,

- V6i Iudi canh b b$u p,* = 0,39

- Vtri lutri canh b giira pi = 0,54

- Vdi ludi canh b mkp p: = 0,68

N6i chung, cho d6n nay, nhieu tic g i i d l gidi thieu c8c phumg phip tinh toan c i c thbng so" cd bin, kich thudc chinh cca binh c6ng tic rniy b m dbng chko

Do d+c thii r i h g cha bom dbng cheo, cAc kk't q u i tinh tohn cdn duqc ki&m chlmg

qua thuc nghiem vh hoin thien them, b& vi, cbn c6 su chch biet gi3a k6t quh tinh

t o h vA thuc nghiem Ta c6 loai banh c6ng tAc cho born chim kieu dbng chdo vdi c8c thbng so" ky thu!t:

- Cot nudc miy born H,, = 10,O m ; H,, = 10,62 m

- LW lugng miy born Q, = 900 m3/h ; Q,, = 910 m3/h

b i n bac va nh5t trf)

d day:

111,, = 285mm - D u h g kinh l h nhgt cua mkp ra cba 18 cinh b5nh c6ng tic

p = 4 - So" d$u cuc ciia r0tor d0ng ca di&n ddng b0 ba pha ( n = 1450~ / ph )

3.3 Mot so dieu can 11.m y v6 1y thuy& tinh toan la canh co hai do cong

Tang s b vbng quay cha bom cho phkp giAm kich thubc vA trqng luwg cua d0ng c a vh miy bom, do d6, l l m giHm gia thhnh tt8 miy Tuy nhi&n, khi d6 d I

tang he s6 ty tbcns ciia b m v i giam t i s6 d u h g kinhD,,/D, Do giam kich t h ~ 6 c n&n phHi b6 tri c5nh the0 phgn h u h g tam cha dbng chHy vh cH phAn chuy6n tigp tir

h u h g truc sang h u h g tam Nghia l i , bin kinh mkp vho cha cinh binh cbng tic giim d h dgn vgn t6c quay v l g i i trl v$n t6c tumg d6i khi dbng chiy vho b h h c0ng tic sE giim IBm cho giim t8n thgt thiiy luc vB ddng thlri llm cho dac tinh khi

t h ~ c cfia burn t6t han Mkp vho cba cinh sE c6 khoing clch khdc nhau so v6i truc

barn vh co v$n t6c quay Ir, kh5c nhau Chc goc vho cAnh khbng vap,,, cha dbng chiy duuc xic djnh theo phucmg trinh:

v2 d thay d8i doc theo mkp v b Cinh d c6 dang cha mat hai do cong

H& thdng cdnh c6a bdnh c6ng tAc bom dbng chko duuc bbb tri b viing ngo3t tir

h u h g t ~ c sang h u h g tam (can goi 19 tam t ~ c ) Viec xu& hien t m h g van t8c khdng d h g nhgt khi ngogt dbng chHy se tao n&n su khic nhau v& di&u kien chuy&n d0ng cua chgt 18ng vh tuang t u su khAc nhau cha he th6ng cinh b phia b$u vB m$ ngoii clnh binh cdng tic Khi gy, phii dhng sa 66 tdng h u ~ dbng chiy d6i ximg qua t ~ c tdc sa 'dd c6 s 6 cdnh n h i h vb clng gidng nhu tinh cho binh c6ng tic dang

h u h g tam Sd dQ nhy dua bhi toAn ba chi& chAy bao h$ th6ng cinh sang bhi toAn chuy6n dong,chgt 16ng theo mat cAnh, bM vi chuyen dong theo b& mat cho tmdc

t h u h g duqc h c djnh theo hai to? do (hinh III.5)

Hinh 111.5 SO d6' ddng chdy 4 vung banh cting tlic mdy bom dong c.h.40

Giii bii toin x i c dinh hinh ding cic mat d u h g dbng dqa tr&n cd sb Ih gii thi& di&u kien chuydn d0ng khhg xoiy ciia dbng chhy(a= 0) Zr ti& dien kinh tuygn Khi gy, d i m bAo tdn tai dbng kh6ng xoAy b phsn dAn dbng cha barn, dac biet

Ih su tdn tai cha dbng ding tBc (v)n t6c bang nhau) Trong t m h g h u ~ npy, v!n t6c theo ti& diftn ngang c6a dbng chiy (hinh I11.5) dudc lgy gi6ng nhau Thgc nghi&m cho thgy truimg vpn t6c tm6c vh sau he thdng canh c6 th8 dat dude gin gidng dbng ding t6c Zr ch& d0 tinh toAn nhlr thay ddi kgt cgu ciia he th6ng cinh Hinb dang mat chnh 16c d6 sE cong nhieu h m Dieu 66 dHn dc"n hieu sugt ciia h& thdng chnh cao han

Phumg phlp tinh cAnh bAnh cbng thc dbng cheo trong dbng ding t6c ih su phit tritn phuung phiip co b h dqng c L c6nh hinh tw cfia binh cdng tic hudng tam Phuong phiip nay la tinh ti& dien ciinh doc the0 lfmg d u h g dbng d h g t6c v i

c0t nudc tinh to6n vdi $6 cAnh n h i h vB cGng H ,

Dbng ding t6c duqc dqng b b g phumg phPp g i n ddng lien ti$ 6 ti& di&n

kinh tuye'n cho t d c cSa binh c6ng tic Be m$t cfia dia binh cbng tac duqc xem

nhu cac d u h g dong (hi& III.6)

T d c hEt, x i c d p h d u h g dbng S trong 1dn gdn dling thfi nhgt Mu& v+y phAi chia ti& di&n vAo b6nh cbng tiic f, vh ti& dien ra kh6i nui f2 thhnh chc dien tich bang nhau Du kign bang mat vj tri cbc d u h g dbng S vh cbc d u h g d h g Wax

b ph$n giiia dbng chhy (hid III.7)

I

Hinh 1 1 1 6 9 6 thi F ( D ) Hinh 111.7 D e g ccic d ~ h g S v u a

trong d6ng ddng t&

Lm luqng theo ti& dien a, xPc dinh:

Theo tiEt dien a, thi Vm, = cons1

C6 th6 xPc dinh ring, binh cBng t b cGa barn c6 h& st5 tf tdc n,)100 t h u h g c6

ciic 1i cinh hai do cong Thigt kg hinh d g g r5nh b6nh c6ng tic trong t m h g hup nhy bing ciich tinh g h ddng Trong 1An g h dung thic nhgt bi&n dang cinh 3 ti&

dien kinh tuyen c6 thi! tinh t o h nhu dBi vtri bgnh c6ng tAc c6 dang cgnh hinh t ~ Ti&p d6, d g t g bidu 66 teic do theo chi& d l i dhng tia trung binh vii hi@ chinh u6n

luqn cha duimg cong tinh toin khi can thigt

Trong thuc t6, phuong ph5p tinh don giin dua tren dbng ddng t6c tta ti& ditn kinh tuygn, trong d6 c6c t6c d6 c6a dbng chdy b cAc ti& dien vu6ng g6c vdi d u h g dbng se 18 mQt hhng s6 Bd mat cha chnh tinh cho timg duimg dbng rieng biet sao

cho bAo dam dugc d$u tir ti& dicn niy dgn ti& dien kia (hinh III.5)

Phuung trinh vi phan cua ti& dien cAnh c6 hai do cong xdc djnh:

GBc bao ;toin phdn cua cinh tinh qua tich phan:

Tumg QI nhu c i c id cdnh h i n h t y ta c6 th& sir dung phumg phiip tinh cPa tich phan s6:

f = k B1 +B; + I

=x 7 x AS,

Trong d6, hhm s 6 dudi tich phAnBi = ciing duqc xdc d i d nhu tnrbng

(R, [gP)

h q canh hlnh tru, duuc xAc djnh nhir 66 thi thay ddi ciia t6c d6 t u h g ddi W = / (s)

vb chi& diiy la cinh banh c6ng t i c 6 = f (7):

y - G6c giGa d u h g tigp tuyen s d6i vdi d u h g cong vh d u h g vubng g6c n d6i

v6i d ~ h g kinh tuygn ciia b6 mat 16 c5nh

Tr/ sb cGa g6c nghieng 16 cinh doc the0 d u h g xlc djnh theo biiu thirc:

v,: 6

sin p = - + A