Đảo ngữ là một trong những cấu trúc khó của Tiếng Anh . sau đây là cáu trúc và bài tập có đáp án về các dạng đảo ngữ từ dễ đến nâng cao dành cho học sinh năng khiếu và học sinh giỏi các cấp THCS giúp các em dễ dàng hơn trong việc làm dạng bài tập này
Trang 1I Đảo ngữ là gì?
Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh đó chính là cách ta đưa phó từ (hoặc là trạng từ) và trợ động từ trong câu lên đầu câu, phía trước chủ ngữ để nhấn mạnh thêm tính chất hoặc hành động của chủ ngữ Cấu trúc đảo ngữ thông thường được xuất hiện nhiều trong văn viết, đặc biệt là những văn bản mang phong thái trang trọng như trong bài luận, bài báo hoặc là tác phẩm văn học
Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
Ví dụ 1: I met him only once = Only once did I meet him.
Phó từ trong câu: Only once
Trợ động từ quá khứ của câu: did
Ví dụ 2: They sing beautifully = Beautifully do they sing.
Phó từ trong câu: beautifully
Trợ động từ trong câu: do
II Cấu trúc đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
PREP.VN giới thiệu 5 cấu trúc đảo ngữ đặc biệt, thường xuyên xuất hiện trong đề thi THPT Quốc gia môn tiếngAnh:
1 Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom/ Little + trợ động từ + S + V
(không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì)
Ví dụ:
o I have never worked so hard in all my life = Never have I worked so hard in all my life
o I have rarely worked lazy in all my life = Rarely have I worked so lazy in all my life
2 Đảo ngữ cấu trúc NO SOONER… THAN = HARDLY … WHEN
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
No sooner + trợ động từ + S + V + than + S + V = Hardly + trợ động từ + S + V + when + S + V
(Ngay sau khi/Không bao lâu sau khi … thì…)
At no time/ point: chưa từng bao giờ
In no way: không còn cách nào
On no condition: tuyệt đối không bao giờ
On no account = For no reasons: không vì bất cứ lý do nào
Under/ In no circumstances: trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng sẽ không
Trang 2Ví dụ:
They can’t fix this problem = In no way can they fix this problem
They didn’t have to cry that much = On no account did she they that much
Leaving home is always a dumb idea = Under no circumstances should we leave home
5 Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh với cấu trúc câu UNTIL/ TILL
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
Not until/ till + (S+V)/ time + trợ động từ + S + V
(Cho đến khi… thì mới…)
Ví dụ:
Not until 12pm did she finish his report
Not till I told him did he realize that he left his phone at home
III Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ khác
Các cấu trúc đảo
Đảo ngữ với câu
điều kiện
Cấu trúc:
Loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V…
Loại 2: Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V
Loại 3: Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII
Ví dụ:
Loại 1: If the weather is nice tomorrow, my team will go trekking Should the weather be nice tommorrow, my team will go trekking (Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì nhóm chúng tôi sẽ đi bộ xuyên rừng)
Loại 2: If my dad had money, he would buy that motorbike Were I
to have money, I would buy that car (Nếu bố tôi có tiền thì ông ấy đã muachiếc xe máy đó)
Loại 3: If my boyfirnd hadn’t eaten this banana cake, he wouldn’t have
had food poisoning Had my boyfriend not eaten this banana cake,
he wouldn’t have had food poisoning (Nếu bạn trai tôi không ăn chiếc bánh chuối ấy thì anh ấy sẽ không bị ngộ độc thực phẩm)
Ví dụ: Here comes the winter (Mùa đông đã tới đây.)
Đảo ngữ với with
now, thus, then,
Lưu ý: Nhớ rằng ta chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ trong câu là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ trong câu là đại từ
Trang 3here, there Ví dụ: There comes the train = There it comes (Tàu đã tới rồi.)
Đảo ngữ với so that
và such that
Cấu trúc:
So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that…
Ví dụ: This comic is so interesting that my best friend has read it many
times So interesting is this comic that my best friend has read it many times(Cuốn truyện tranh này thú vị đến nỗi mà bạn thân tôi đọc nó rất nhiều lần)
Đảo ngữ với only
Cấu trúc:
Only one: chỉ một
Only later: chỉ sau khi
Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này
Only in that way: chỉ bằng cách kia
Only then + trợ động từ+ S+ V: chỉ sau khi
Only after+ N: chỉ sau khi
Only by V_ing / N: chỉ bằng cách này/ việc này
Only when + clause: chỉ khi
Only with + N: chỉ với
Only if+ clause: chỉ nếu như
Only in adv of time/ place: chỉ lúc/ở
Ví dụ: Easy is the project (Dự án này vô cùng đơn giản)
IV Bài tập đảo ngữ tiếng Anh
Bài 1 Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1 He is so gentle that he never scolds anyone
Trang 47 She will never accept his proposal.
Bài 2 Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 She had never been so happy before
Trang 5=> Never………
9 I'll never forget you
=> Never ………
Bài 3 Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 One rarely finds good service these days
Bài 4 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 He is my friend as well as yours
Bài 5 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same
as the sentence printed above it.
1 He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang
=> No sooner _
Trang 62 I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
5 A sleeping dog was lying under the table
=> Under the table _
6 His brother had rarely been more excited
Bài 6 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same
as the sentence printed above it.
1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired
Bài 7 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1 If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win
Trang 75 If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
Bài 8 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1 If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing
Bài 9 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.
1 The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach
Trang 87 A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _
8 His brother had rarely been more excited
Trang 919 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed.
Trang 10Bài 11 Viết lại các câu sau với cấu trúc đảo ngữ của các câu điều kiện
If you need some more money, take an extra 200
13 Mr and Mrs Adam live across the bridge
Across the bridge _
14 I was so scared that I could not even scream
So scared _
15 The horrific view of massacre was in front of us
Trang 11In front of us _
16 The cayon lies behind those mountains
Behind those mountains _
17 He only then became aware of the dangers of the jungle
Bài 12 Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.
1 Her grief was so great that she almost fainted
Bài 13 Change the normal sentence into one with inversion.
For example: "We had hardly arrived when Julie burst into the house"
becomes "Hardly had we arrived when Julie burst into the house"
1) John had never been to such a fantastic restaurant
Never
2) I in no way want to be associated with this project
In no way
Trang 123) They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table.
Bài 14 Inversion conditional sentences exercises
1 (the books/be) cheaper, I would have bought them all
2 (the Prime Minister/fail) to get the necessary support, he would be forced to call a snap election
3 (the evidence/not be destroyed) , the accused would have been found guilty
4 _ (you/need) any further assistance, do not hesitate to contact us
5 _ (the ship/ not capsize) , there would have been more survivors
6 _ (I/win) the prize, I wouldn't spend it on things I don't need
7 (the storm/be) at night, the rescue team wouldn't have found the lost boy scouts
8 _ (he/decide) to come, please let me know as soon as possible
9 (I/ be offered) the job, I would have to think about it
10 _(you/have) any further questions, please ask to see the main assistant
Bài 15 Choose the correct answer.
1 Rarely _ anyone using typewriters now-a-days
A you see
B will you see
C you will see
D you have seen
2 received law degrees as today
A Never so many women have
B Never have so many women
C The women aren’t ever
D Women who have never
3 _ but also it filters out harmful rays
A The environment gives us air to breathe
B Not only the environment gives us air to breathe
C The environment which gives us air to breathe
D Not only does the environment give us air to breathe
4 _ have goods returned to us because they are faulty
Trang 13Bài 16 Choose the correct answer.
1 Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardships, and _
A so do their children
B neither did the children
C so did their children
D so the children did
2 Never _ such a heinous crime
4 Only after the food has been dried or canned _
A that it should be stored for later consumption
B should be stored for later consumption
C should it be stored for later consumption
D it should be stored for later consumption
5 _ did Jonathan realize that there was a danger
A Upon entering the store
B When he entered the store
C After he has entered the store
D Only after entering the store
Bài 17 Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1 I wondered what time ……… starting
a was the show
b the show was
2 She asked me what ……… thinking about
a was I
b I was
3 I wondered who ………
a had left the door open
b the door had left open
Trang 144 What a lovely place ……….!
a is Shimla
b Shimla is
5 How beautiful ……… !
a are the flowers
b the flowers are
6 At no time ……… aware of what was happening
9 Little ……… what she was doing
a did she realize
b she realized
10 Only then ……… what I had done
a did I understand
b I understood
Bài 18 Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in bold
1.- The rain came down
Bài 19 Rewrite the sentence using the given word.
1 The restaurant cannot accept pets under any circumstances
Trang 154 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
No sooner ………
5 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property
In no way ………
Bài 20 Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets
1 I have seldom watched such an exciting show (Seldom)
2 He only gets up early if he goes to school (Only if)
3 They had hardly started playing football when it rained (Hardly)
4 He laughed so much that his stomach hurt (Did)
5 He was so anxious that he fell asleep (Was)
6 The demands of her job are such that she is rarely able to take a holiday (Such)
7 It was only when I stopped that I realized I had made a big mistake (Did)
8 The murder never expressed regret for what he had done (At no time)
9 Liz didn’t realize that she had lost her bag until she got home (Not until)
10 They started to argue soon after they got married (No sooner)
V Đáp án đề luyện tập về câu đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
Bài 1 Chuyển sang dạng Đảo Ngữ:
1 So gentle is he that he never scolds anyone
2 (1) => Hardly had he bought a new bike when he had an accident
(2) => No sooner had he bought a new bike than he had an accident
3 Away ran the thief
4 Only when I reached 30 could I drive a car
5 Should he go to school, he will have money
6 Not only did the man beat the child, but he also took all her money
7 At no time will she accept his proposal
8 Rarely did Mr Bean show his intelligence
9 (1) => No sooner had I gone home than I phoned him
(2) => Scarcely had I gone home when I phoned him
10 Had you followed the advice, you would have succeeded
11 Into the sea he dived
12 Were he to have money, he would travel
13 Such is a gentle girl that she speaks very softly
hoặc: Such a gentle girl is she that she speaks very softly
14 On the bed lay the girl
15 Not until she was 18 did she go abroad
16 Only by training hard can we improve our skills
17 Here they are
18 No longer does he drink coffee
19 Outside the door he stood
20 Not until they were robbed of money did they become more careful
Bài 2 Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 Never before had she been so happy
2 Never have I heard such nonsense
3 Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life
4 Never have our profits been higher than they are this year
Trang 165 Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
6 Never have I come across such a horrifying film
7 Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production
8 Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors
9 Never do I go to school late
10 Never in my life have I seen anyone as much as you
11 Never shall I forget you
Bài 3 Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
1 Rarely does one find good service these days
2 Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village
3 Seldom public borrowing has been so high
4 Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony
5 Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success
6 Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent
7 Little did she realize what would happen to her next
8 Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger
Bài 4 Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 Not only is he my friend but also yours
2 Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me
3 Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder
4 Not only is he intelligent but also handsome
5 Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well
6 Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat
7 Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations
8 Not only is she beautiful but also attractive
9 Not did he translate fast but also correctly
10 Not only are they good at mathematics but also at science
11 Not only does she sing but also dances
Bài 5 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same
as the sentence printed above it.
1 No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang
2 Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back
3 Not until the bell rang did he finish his work
4 Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease
5 Under the table was lying a sleeping dog
6 Rarely had his brother been more excited
7 Only until later were the facts all made public
8 Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job
Bài 6 Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that
it means the same as the sentence printed above it.
1 Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad
2 Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been
3 Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat
4 Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it
5 Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business