Báo cáo nghiên cứu nông nghiệp " Developing an Agricultural Research and Development Priority Framework for Vietnam " pot

THE METHODOLOGY Specific principles about priority setting include:  Consider areas that are easily related to the benefits from research the purpose of the research not research discip

and Development Priority

Framework for Vietnam

Workshop

Fisheries Sub-Sector WORKBOOK

December 2006

General Discussion Working Group Formation and Discussions Assessing potential benefits

Assessing adoption likelihood Assessing scientific potential Assessing research capacity Results and interpretation of priorities Priorities within ARDOs

Wrap-up session Close

All participants will be seated in mixed pre-selected groups The majority of work will

be in these groups The composition of groups will be changed as needed throughoutthe workshop

There are some basic “rules” for working effectively in workshop groups:

 recognise that each person’s opinion is valid

 use ‘and’ instead of ‘but’

 express yourself concisely

 keep to time

 turn off mobile phones – use only during coffee and lunch breaks

For each workshop session:

 make sure people are allotted the task of taking notes

 watch the time

Discomfort zone: issues may arise during the workshop that either cannot be resolved

quickly or are not appropriate for the workshop These issues should be recorded in the

“discomfort zone”

 Who am I – name, affiliation, responsibility, interest/experience

 What I want to happen at this workshop

 What I don’t want to happen at this workshop

[2 minutes per person]

Tables

 Pool expectations

 Decide on 3 cards per table for each of wants and don’t wants

Report back One person from each table to provide brief pen picture of the table

(2 min per table)

Facilitator collect, group, paste cards

[Reporting to be on CARDS to enable visualisation of the output of each session and typing of each session’s work for distribution to participants]

STRATEGIC CONTEXT FOR CROP R&D IN VIETNAM

[Purpose is to develop a common understanding of the main issues facing the crop

sub-sectors in Vietnam to provide the context for priority setting]

Table Discussion

 What are the major issues external (national and international) to this sectors

that have important implications for their future

 What are the major issues internal to this sectors that have important

implications for their future

Identify the issues and implications, recording issue and implication on differentcoloured cards

Half tables consider external issues and half tables consider internal issues

NOTES

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES METHODOLOGY

OUTLINE OF THE PRIORITY SETTING METHODOLOGY 1

INTRODUCTION

The primary objective behind Research & Development (R&D 2 ) priority assessment is to

determine the broad research programmes that will provide Vietnam with the greatestreturn on investment in R & D provided by government and other major stakeholders

Priority setting is the central issue of research and extension management It is a complextask It must be done in a systematic framework able to allow the results to support openand robust decision-making about research and extension resource allocation andmanagement The highest priority R & D is that which has the highest economic, socialand environmental value to the nation

Choices must be made about the Areas of Research and Development Opportunity

(ARDO) to support, and which not to support If there are no established priorities, then

the choices made will be unlikely to produce results of maximum benefit to Vietnam Atworst, the results will be irrelevant and provide no return for the public investmentinvolved

Figure 1: Use of Priorities to Assist in Selection of Research Programs/Projects

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1

CSIRO Australia has applied the basic model described here at corporate and division levels and it has been used in more than 60 other research organisations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand, USA and Europe The conceptual analytic framework is based on the one published by the Industrial Research Institute, New York in 1986, viz: R N

Foster, L H Linden, R L Whiteley and A M Kantrow, Improving the return on R&D-I, in 'Measuring and Improving the Performance and Return on R&D', IRI, New York (originally published in Research Management, January 1985).

2

Development includes technology development and transfer using transfer mechanisms including extension

In the past the research and development program is driven by MoFi staff using anallocative process In the future MoFi will fund research under an open and contestableprocess without bias The aim is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness ofinvestment into research and to develop a research environment that encourages a highdegree of innovation Under this process MoFi will clarify the priorities for researchinvestment and define the broad outcomes expected that investment The researchproviders will submit research proposals and budgets that will contribute to achievement

of these outcomes In a “perfect world” those projects that offer the best value for moneywill be supported

There is a range of methodologies available for R & D priority setting Selection of themost appropriate methodology for Vietnam is driven by:

1 The need to use a consultation process that involves a large number and diverserange of stakeholders;

2 The need to develop ownership of priorities amongst MoFi and research institutestaff, farmers, exporters, processors and marketers

3 The absence of detailed and reliable statistical data on production, profitability,and markets;

4 The need to move from R & D focussed on production and subsistence/foodsecurity to R & D emphasising profitability, quality, marketing and commercialsystems;

5 The need to use an objective process that evaluates the likely economic, social andenvironmental benefits to Vietnam;

6 The capacity to undertake appropriate research

An important principle is to implement the process and learn from experience, doingwhat make sense rather than worrying about academic perfection

THE METHODOLOGY

Specific principles about priority setting include:

 Consider areas that are easily related to the benefits from research (the purpose

of the research) not research disciplines – often called Areas of Research andDevelopment Opportunity (ARDO)

 These areas should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive,consistently based, forward looking and manageable in number

 Linked to and consistent with the research financing the process

 Criteria are independent

 The criteria used should consider:

o The potential economic, environmental, social, institutional andscientific benefits from successful R&D

o The context within which R&D products and services will be used

o The state of development of required research tools and techniquesand the health of appropriate disciplines

o The availability of research skills and infrastructure

 Importantly, priorities are relative; the lower the priority of an area the

greater the selectivity in choosing projects within them, as illustrated in

Figure 1

The model recommended for use in Vietnam is a five-step process.

1 Define broad Areas of Research and Development Opportunities (ARDOs) at he sector level

sub-2 Prioritise ARDOs at the sub-sector level

3 From the results of the sub-sector prioritisation establish ARDOs at the sector level(these may combine some of the sub-sector level ARDOs into a larger grouping

4 Prioritise ARDOs at the Sector level

5 Prepare workshop reports and a National R&D Investment Portfolio and PolicyStatement

Members of the Monitoring and Evaluation Network have benefited from training in thepriority setting methodology and have facilitated a pilot work designed to developcompetence in the methodology and in workshop leadership and facilitation

It may also be useful at the sub-sector level to identify the research strategies (inputs)such as biotechnology, nutrition, pest and disease management etc that are likely toprovide the largest gains in high priority ARDOs

ARDO Definitions

The final form of ARDOs will need to be decided and approved A logical approach is todevelop ARDOs at the sub-sector (Crops, Livestock, Forestry, Fisheries etc) level firstand use the methodology to prioritise them From the results of these workshops a sectorset of ARDOs could be prepared This will involve debate and in some casescompromise At the Sub-sector and sector level it is desirable to have less than 15ARDOs as larger numbers become unmanageable Large high priority ARDOs within asub-sector may become a sector ARDO, but smaller and lower priority ARDOs may beaggregated For example sheep and goats may be aggregated into small ruminants ormaybe beef, dairy, sheep and goats into ruminants

ARDO need to be defined in terms of goal, scope and coverage The goal describes theresults expected from all the research in the ARDO - e.g for fruit “Improved yield,quality, safety and potential to access high value markets” Scope defines the broadresearch input areas (disciplines) and Coverage the species or scale of production

As an example the “Pilot Workshop” developed some definitions – e.g

Pigs National Goal: Enhanced productivity and profitability of the pork

industry

Scope: research that enhances the breeding, husbandry, nutrition,

disease management, production systems, hygiene, waste management,quality management, transport, marketing and system integration

Coverage: small to medium-scale piggeries

Ruminants National Goal : Enhanced productivity and profitability of the

ruminant meat and milk industries

Scope: research that enhances the breeding, husbandry, nutrition,

disease management, hygiene, waste management, qualitymanagement, transport, and marketing of meat and milk

Coverage: beef, dairy cattle, goats and sheep

Industrial

crops

National Goal : Enhanced productivity, production area planning and

profitability of industrial crop industries

Scope: research that enhances the yield, pest and disease management,

quality, post harvest storage and handling, processing, marketing ofexisting and new crops, sustainable use of natural resources

Coverage: rubber, pepper, coffee, sugar cane, tea, coconut, cashew and

oilseed cropsAquaculture National Goal: : Enhanced restocking of natural resources,

productivity and profitability of aquaculture industries

Scope: research that enhances seed production, nutrition, husbandry,

disease and aquatic resources management and environmentalmanagement

Coverage: land-base and marine species - crustaceans (shrimp, crab,

lobster), finfish (grouper, tilapia, carp, snapper, bass, milk fish, mullet),molluscs (clam, oyster, shell, pearls), seaweed and plankton

ARDO Priorities

The model used to form R & D priorities is a relatively simple It asks participants to

evaluate the overall merit of R & D investment in each ARDO, in terms of Attractiveness

to Vietnam and its Feasibility in Vietnam A scoring scheme is used to compare and

rank the ARDOs Scoring is an effective way to allow a group to take all factors critical

to the decision into account in a logical and open way The relative scores for eachARDO are developed in structured group discussions in terms of four independentcriteria These are:

1 Market & Production Potential Benefits for Vietnam

2 Factors Working For & Against Achievement of Potentials

3 Potential Contribution of R & D to Development

4 R &D Capacity Within Vietnam

The relationship between these four criteria is shown in the assessment framework below

The relative rankings and positions of the ARDOs are important They indicate the best

“areas” for research and/or extension investment When the priority-setting grouprepresents researchers, extension workers and academics, farmers, politicians agriculturalindustry and other stakeholders, the methodology ensures that the best recommendationspossible at the time are made

Figure 1 Plot of attractiveness versus feasibility for a hypothetical set of eight ARDOs

showing their priority rating on the basis of their return to Vietnam

RETURN FROM R&D FOR EACH AREA OF RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY

Feasibility

Attractiveness

0 10

7

8

In Figure 1, two ARDOs (# 1 and # 8) score the highest for both attractiveness and feasibility They are located in the top right hand corner of the graph They warrant strong research and extension emphasis, and are the highest priority group of ARDOs Those located more towards the centre of the graph (# 3, # 5, # 6 and # 7) warrant selective research and extension emphasis and can be classed as moderate priority The two with low scores for both attractiveness and feasibility (# 2 and # 4) justify only limited support and have a low priority.

ARDOs # 3 and # 5 have similar attractiveness scores, but ARDO # 5 scores higher on feasibility In this hypothetical example the lower feasibility score for ARDO # 3 occurs because the skills available to carry out the research and or extension are considered to be inadequate When the necessary skills are acquired, the two ARDOs would otherwise be equal claimants for research resources Attractiveness is determined by factors other than research and extension, such as markets, profits, employment, social and cultural benefits, so while ARDOs # 5 and # 7 have similar feasibility scores, # 5 is more attractive, and could be allocated more resources for research and extension.

Priority Products within ARDOs

The ARDO scope lists all of the commodities/products within each ARDO At the sector level workshops it may be useful to use a simple process to rank these based onthe views and perceptions of workshop participants At the end of this process, highpriority crops within high priority ARDOs will be defined This will provide guidance

sub-on where to focus the research effort (i.e the scope) should be but will not provideguidance on what aspects of research (the nature) should be undertaken

applications often provide large benefits, in a short space of time, but usually are permanent (i.e fertiliser applications often have to be applied each growing cycle).

non-The priority setting process can also be used to establish the key research strategies withineach ARDO In the absence of detailed data on each of the high priority products withinhigh priority ARDOs, a matrix of broad research strategies is a useful approach Anexample is:

Area of Research Input or

Strategy

Includes

1 Cultivar Evaluation Recommendations for improved crops in Vietnamese environments and for

different markets Includes breeding, selection and evaluation of crops yield and quality in different ago-ecological environments and for resistance/tolerance to pest and diseases.

2 Genetic Improvement New and improved genotypes. Includes traditional breed improvement

(selection) and development of new genotypes, breeding for improved resistance, tolerance to pest and diseases

3 Agronomic

Improvement Improved plant husbandry techniques to increase yields and quality andincludes propagation, establishment, weeding, pruning, shade, cultivation, crop

loading

4 Crop Nutrition Improved yield, quality and profitability through efficient and effective fertiliser

use and water management practices Includes suitable soils, fertiliser requirements, fertiliser types, organic fertilisers, irrigation and mulching

5 Pest & Disease

Management

Development of improved integrated pest management practices and biological control of economically important weeds, pests and diseases Includes chemical, physical, biological, integrated pest management, pest surveillance

6 Harvest/Post Harvest

Management

Improved harvest and post-harvest techniques to maximise the quality and value of crops Includes harvesting, drying, handling, storage, transport, quality management

7 Processing Adding

Value

Adding value to primary product or produce through processing it to a more viable product or improving on the characteristic or performance of the original product Includes development of quality standards, sorting/grading, processing, new product development, use of by-products

8 Market Facilitation Improved understanding and translation of market requirements for commercial

and semi-commercial farmers Includes market information and requirements, market access and pathways, linkages with exporters/processors, procurement systems

9 Economic Evaluation Development and advice on options for profitable farm production, processing

and marketing Includes gross margin analysis, profitability, financial impact, benefit : cost analysis

10 Alternative Production

Systems

Development and testing of profitable new crop production systems Includes organic production systems and multi-tiered crop production systems such as agro-forestry.

11 Technology Transfer To improve on technology transfer delivery systems and adoption of improved

technology by farmers through consultation, collaboration and understanding of farmer needs Includes seminars, field days, mass media, and alternative extension delivery systems.

The priority setting methodology could be used to prioritise the research inputs for each

of the high priority crops/products identified Prioritisation will be on the basis of two

criteria: - Potential Impact of R & D Inputs on Development and R & D Skills and

Knowledge within Vietnam.

The inter-relationship of these two criteria on the emphasis placed on R & D Inputs inresearch programs is shown below

AREAS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY

(ARDO)

A Preparation workshop identified ARDOs for the Crops Sub-sector

The following areas selected comply with the principles that research areas to becompared are mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive, consistently based, forwardlooking, and manageable in number It is important also that they are independent oforganisational structure, easily reflect the benefits from successful research and are notdiscipline-based The areas for comparison are essentially areas of research anddevelopment opportunity (ARDO) from which benefits will arise In summary the areasare:

ARDO 1: MARINE FINFISH

ARDO 2: COLD WATER FISH

ARDO 3: CRUSTACEANS

ARDO 4: MOLLUSKS

ARDO 5: FRESH WATER FISH

ARDO 6: POST HARVEST PROCESSING & VALUE ADDING

ARDO 7: EXTRACTION OF BIO-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

ARDO 8: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION

ARDO 9: MECHANISATION

PRIORITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

The purpose of Vietnam’s research and extension effort in agriculture, fisheries andforestry is to maximise the return to Vietnam through income generation andenvironmental and social benefits It follows that priorities should be assessed in terms

of Potential Impact and Feasibility.

The framework developed by the M&EN design workshop is a modification of thatdeveloped by CSIRO in Australia, as shown below

The criteria are defined as follows:

Potential impact

 Potential benefits

• maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic, environmental, social) from successful research and development

 Likelihood of uptake of results

• likelihood of the results of successful research and development

being utilized by Vietnam

Feasibility

 Scientific potential

• scope for growth in knowledge in the relevant scientific fields and

improvements in research and development tools and techniques

 Research capacity

• Vietnam’s ability to competitively assemble research and

extension teams to deliver research outputs to users

PRIORITIES FRAMEWORK

Potential benefits Potential impact

Likelihood

of uptake

Scientific potential

Research capacity

Max return to Vietnam

through income

generation, environmental

& social benefits

Feasibility

PRE-WORKSHOP ASSESSMENT OF ARDOs[Purpose is to undertake a preliminary assessment of the relative priority of ARDOs against Potential Impact and Feasibility criteria to enhance the level of discussion

during the workshop]

1) Read Data Sheets for all ARDOs

 Carefully read all the Data Sheets (attached as a separate document) toobtain an overview of all nine ARDOs

 Make brief notes in the margins of the things from your own views andexperience you think are important for the on-going R&D program for eachARDO

2) Prepare individual preliminary ARDO Scores

i) Refer to the SWOT analysis for each ARDO

ii) Instructions for preliminary scoring

Participants should score each ARDO before coming to the workshop and makenote of their reasoning to support their arguments in discussion Space is provided

in the workbook against each ARDO

 Step 1 - For each criteria in turn, read the evaluation sheet for each of

the ARDOs, starting with Potential Benefits (refer to page 17 of this

workbook)

 Step 2 – Now, select the three highest ARDOs and then the three lowest.

 Step 3 – Now, score the HIGHEST ARDOs from 8 to 9, the highest

receiving 10 Then score the LOWEST ARDOs from 1 to 3, the lowestreceiving a score of 1 Finally, score the MEDIUM ARDO’s from 4 to 7.The aim of the evaluation is to examine the relative differences betweenARDOs, so a wide spread of scores is desirable A low score does notmean that an area is unimportant

 Step 4 – repeat the process for the next three criteria (See pages

 Step 5 – Having recorded your scores and reasoning in the Workbook for

the four criteria, transfer your scores to the consolidated score sheet andbring it with you to the workshop All scores will be tabulated and madeavailable at the workshop

The purpose behind this procedure is to achieve as much discrimination between theARDOs as possible We are interested in exploring the relative differences betweenARDOs It is important to remember that priorities are RELATIVE A low score doesnot mean that an area is unimportant per se However, when resources are limited,decisions need to be made about where to focus the effort to achieve the greatest impactfor Vietnam

NOTES:

ASSESSING POTENTIAL BENEFITS[Purpose is to provide an assessment of the relative Potential Benefits from each of

the ARDOs]

Potential Benefits refect maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic,

environmental, social) from successful research and development

Potential benefits increaseThe larger the size

– The faster the growth

– The greater the reduction in costs

– The higher the research intensity

– The greater the positive environmental and social impact

– The greater the spillover benefits

Procedure:

Table groups

 Discuss potential benefits arising from each ARDO using preliminary scoring to

initiate discussion

 Record on cards the major points that arise during discussion of each ARDO –

especially new and corrected information – different people at the table takeresponsibility for different ARDOs

 Report and post issues

 Each participant to re-score each ARDO

 Scores collected

NOTES

POTENTIAL BENEFITS - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING

Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop

1-9

Arguments and Questions

Reasons supporting your score; issues arising from dataand evaluation sheets

ARDO 1: MARINE FINFISH

1.1 National Goal:

To increase the scale of sustainable production and quality of marine finfish, includingthe development of reliable seed stock and fingerling supplies and high value fish.The MOFI target for 2010 is 300,000 tons of marine finfish with a market value ofUS$4 billion

1.2 Research Scope:

Research to improve selection of appropriate species for local conditions and improvebrood stock culture, larval and fingerling rearing Research in the development andapplication of natural feeds for larvae and nursery culture and the reduction of trash fishfeeding systems through the use of compound feeds for the grow out phase.Development of sustainable production systems including prevention, management andcontrol of disease, and identification and mitigation of environmental impacts

1.3 Coverage:

Main species include: grouper, cobia, Red sea bream, and sea bass

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.1 Potential Impact:

 A relatively new industry in Vietnam with potential for rapid expansion

 Expected expansion of local markets and development of export markets will providelarge increases in income for those who can afford to invest in larger scaleproduction

 Private sector development of seed stock, fingerling and grow out productionsystems will provide employment opportunities and diversification of incomegenerating opportunities

 Selection of marine finfish species could be an alternative for the shrimp farms thathave been affected by white spot disease

 Expansion of marine finfish aquaculture industry and other related industry couldcreate employment for local labour and supports the poverty alleviation program ofgovernment

 Increase of marine finfish production is a part of national fisheries developmentstrategy to reach the aquaculture production of 2 million tones, export value offisheries products about 4 billion USD, and will create 4.7 million jobs in thefisheries sector in 2010

NOTES:

ARDO 2: COLDWATER FISH

Research on hatchery technology, grow out in different farming systems Development

of suitable feeds and feeding systems, disease management and control and assessment

of environment impacts on and of aquaculture and food safety

1.3 Coverage:

Samonoidae family includes Oncorhinchus mykiss, white fish

Acipensidae family including Acipenser baerri, A ruthenus

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.1 Potential Impact:

 Development of diversified markets (mainly high priced domestic in the short term)for high value fish and fish products including caviar and processed fish

 Import substitution (on a small scale)

 Improve aquaculture status in the mountain areas due to investment of private sectorand more industrial style production systems

 Increase of the value of the freshwater aquaculture products as well as better use ofwater resources

 Contribute to restructure of agriculture sector and poverty alleviation especially inthe remote areas

 Generation of income in remote (poor areas) and creation of employmentopportunities in larger scale production systems and in processing (fillets andsmoked fish)

 The provinces having the potential will have an opportunity to restructure theagriculture economy with higher economical benefits

 Biodiversity risks (competition with the domestic species, possible new introducediseases associating with the fishes)

NOTES:

The Government target for aquaculture in 2010 is 2 million tons of yield, over US$2.5billion in exportable value, providing employment and income for about 2 millionpeople The target is for crustaceans to contribute to 60% of the total value of aquaticproducts.

1.2 Research Scope:

Research to improve technical process for hatchery reproduction, higher yield andpropagation quality, and to build the technological process of rearing for marketablesize product Development of quality standards and quality assurance for seeds,suitable food, and management rearing conditions Research on solutions for saferearing, improvement in product quality and management and control of aquaticdiseases Market development research

1.3 Coverage:

 Priority objects for coastal culture : Tiger shrimps, mud crabs

 Priority objects for sea farmring: lobsters

 Priority objects for freshwater culture: Giant river prawns

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.1 Potential Impact:

 Development of export markets, particularly through expanded production, andattention to quality, food safety and trademarks will improve export income andincome for producers

 Large and increasing domestic markets as the per capita income of the populationincreases

 Stable development of crustacean juvenile and market size production will createemployment opportunities and contribute to eliminating hunger and reducing poverty

in coastal areas, highland and remote villages

 Diversification of products and enhancement of product value will improve foreigncurrency income from exportation and aquacultures contributions to GDP

 Improvement productive efficiency, qualitative and quantitative products willenhance competitive ability and profits for fishermen

 Zoning ecological areas and suitable cultured areas to develop shrimp and crabculture, to set up stable cultural models will result in increase in yields andproductive efficiency

 Intensification and increases in scale of production systems will assist inimprovement and management of quality and supply.

 Development of a network for management seafood production quality such assetting up organizations to certify source and safety of foodstuff, development ofcertification/auditing systems at the district and village level and management andcontrol of inputs including feed, medicine, chemical, juvenile and output things asmarketable products is likely to assist competitiveness and meet the marketabledemands

NOTES:

 Domestic and export markets expected to expand significantly

 Potential for expansion of area under mollusk cultivation likely to significantlyincrease

 Valuable production option for enhancement of the environment and improvement ofquality in the areas which have been polluted

 Relatively low technology, but labour intensive which will help to create more jobsfor people in rural areas

 Mollusk culture provides further diversification in aquaculture which will assist inminimizing risks caused by large scale mono-culture practices

 Due to filter features of mollusk species, it is possible to apply alternative,rotational/poly-culture cultivation of mollusk species with species like shrimp, crab,fish to enhance aqua-cultural environment and to increase the efficiency of usage perunit of cultivating area

 Apart from being food for human, mollusk products have been used popularly forother purposes in agriculture, industry, medical and fine art

 Contribution to hunger alleviation for fishers in poor communities where potential ofculture is high

NOTES:

ARDO 5: FRESHWATER FISH

Tilapia: 300.000 tons of marketable size fish by the year 2015

Catfish: Production of 1.0 million tons by the year 2010

1.2 Research Scope:

Research into genetic improvement for higher growth rate in fresh and brackish water,selection for adaptability to higher salinity environments, improvement of seed stockquality and availability, improvement of culture technology, feeding systems, diseasecontrol and management, mitigation of environmental impacts, food safety andintensification of larger scale production systems

1.3 Coverage:

Tilapia: including O niloticus, O aureus, and Oreochromis spp.

Catfish: including Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius bocourti

 Opportunities for expansion of export markets

 Diversifying product for increasing market demand in term of both domesticconsumption and exporting, creating more employment and related services

 There may be some negative impacts on surrounding environments includingpollution, biodiversity, and disease

Catfish

 Increased income for smallholders from increased production and improved quality

 Expansion of already sizeable export markets to provide increased foreign exchange

 Development of the private sector through seed centers, and fish processing factories

 Application of new technology will enhance production and processing of freshfilleted fish in accordance with international hygiene and quality criteria

 Environmental impacts may be important and may impact on expansion of catfishproduction and potentially human health and on the potential development ofantibiotic resistance.

NOTES:

ARDO 6: POST-HARVEST, PROCESSING & VALUE ADDING

1 ARDO DEFINITION

1.1 National Goal:

To add value and diversify processed fishery products and to develop products whichare valuable and highly competitive in export markets to assist in fisheries maintainingits place as a dominant export earning industry for Vietnam

Specific Targets

 An annual average increase of 10.63% in the fishery export turn-over in 2006-2010

 Total export income of 4 billion USD in 2010

 4.7 million fishery employees in 2010

1.2 Research scope:

To research on solutions to ensure the stability of high quality raw material sources;diversify product lines; expand export and domestic markets for fishery processing,aqua-culture and capture businesses

1.3 Coverage:

The research covers current key export aquatic products of the nation (such as tigerprawn, catfish, oceanic tuna) and products culturally fit for local consumption andtourism

 The number of employees involving in fisheries sector is estimated to be 4 millionpeople and value adding will further improve job creation

 Enhancement of product quality and diverisifaction of products is expected toincreases prices and employees income

 Reduction of wastage, especially in off-shore fisheries and better use of bi-productwill improve total value of fisheries

 Industrial development including the establishment of large fishery centers linkedwith the establishment of high-tech processing industrial zones will assis in ensuringhigh quality for all products and development of well recognised brand names forVietnam fishery products

 Fishermen and farmers could indirectly profit from increased of fish raw material,reasonable and stable domestic and international prices and improved utilization ofraw materials

 People who are directly involved in fisheries such as fishers, fishery trading business,fishery service business all are likely to benefit through improvement of productquality due to appropriate post-harvest technology application (such as technologies

of preservation, processing, biology )

NOTES:

ARDO 7: EXTRACTION OF BIO-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS

as shells of shrimp, crabs, and swimming crabs, sea cucumber, sea starts, sea urchins,sea horses, sea tortures, horseshoe crab, bivalves and marine algae The extraction ofaplyzianxine and palitoxine from mollusc, spongethimidine and sponridine from seafoams, N-dimetylamine, 1-2 litolan from sea worms,

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.1 Potential Impact:

 Economic Benefits likely to be high – potentially millions of dollars

 Import substitution in the human health and dietary supplement fields

 Future potential for export markets and import substitution

 Production of bio-active compounds that cannot be found in animals

 Development of new industry with increased employment opportunities

 Better management of fish wastes and improvement in environment

 Bioactive compounds in general and bioactive compounds from sea have bigapplication in medicine, agriculture, food, and other industries

NOTES:

ARDO 8: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION

1 ARDO DEFINITION

1.1 National Goal:

To assess the current status of aquatic animal communities, populations, and ecosystemsand to establish and to manage exploitation of specific regional resources throughdevelpment of selective and environmentally friendly capture methods to ensureeffective and productive fishing activities and ensure sustainable utilization of aquaticresources and environment protection

The target is to mainatin current production from capture of about 1.8 million metric tonper year

1.2 Research Scope:

Assess the dynamics of the fisheries resource stock, including the distribution andmigration rule of fish population and further development of seasonal exploitation,fishing methods, management of fishing grounds and development of protected andconservation areas/zones

Use of quantitative and qualitative data and information to prepare advice on application

of fisheries management, further development of fishies regulations for managementand enhancement of specific resources

Adaptive research on fishing gear, effective fishing methods selective exploitation andenvironment protection

1.3 Coverage:

Resources management: ocean ecology systems; biological characteristics and

population dynamic of exploitable fish; biodiversity and the relationship betweenresource distribution and environment Organise regulations for resource management

Fishery exploitation: fishing tools construction; methods for organising and using

system tools for fishery exploitation; quantity, component of exploitation products.System of methods to control the fishing power is maximised

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.1 Potential Impact and benefit

 Possibility to set up marine conservation area, zoning and determining speciescomposition and catching reason

 An ability to raise community's awareness in law abiding of fisheries resourcesprotection Widely application of community- based management

 Stable funding for natural conservation area, national garden Broadly forecastingcatching season and period, catchable species composotion and region via a network

of natural resourse protection and fisheries departments

 Diversifying stakeholder in a mission of conservation, exploitation, tourismattraction.

 In return, fisheries resources can support scientific research works This is a matter oftime consumming

 Protection of fisheries resource stocks will assist in sustainability of fisheries andmaintance of high export income from the fisheries sector

 Protection and enhancement of fisheries natural breeding areas will undertake theexpansion of high value aquaculture production leading to increased employmentopportunties and improved income for producers

 Further development of good governmental policies on development of nauticaleconomy will have a positive effect in terms of infrstructute, techniques and welfare

of fishermen

NOTES:

1.2 Research Scope:

Research into boat design and construction to produce a range of vessels that canoperate safely off-shore Development of mechanised tools for harvesting, processingand post-harvest storage and preservation Adaptive research on fishing gear, gradingfacilities, effective fishing methods, selective exploitation and environmentalconservation Research into improvement of waste and effluent from aquaculture andfish processing plants

 Selective capture of high value species will improve average catch price andprofitability for fishers and fishing efficiency in general

 Better post-harvest treatment equipments and practices will reduce losses throughproduct deterioration

 An an outcome of machenization, well- equipped and strong engine capacity vesselscan enhancing off-shore capture production as a effective solution to reduce coastalpresure

 Well- planed developement of machenization can certainly improve competitiveadvantage when stepping out world market, an open trade era

NOTES:

ASSESSING LIKELIHOOD OF UPTAKE[Purpose is to provide an assessment of the relative Likelihood of Uptake in each of

the ARDOs]

Likelihood of uptake – reflects likelihood of the results of successful research being

utilized by Vietnam

Likelihood of uptake is greater

– The higher and faster the adoption rate

– The more easily benefits are recognised

– The more favourable government policies and regulations

– The more effective the extension system

– The higher the research intensity and level of innovation

– The higher the international competitiveness in trade

Procedure:

Table groups

 Discuss adoption likelihood of research arising from each ARDO using

preliminary scoring to initiate discussion

 Record on cards the major points that arise during discussion of each ARDO –

especially new and corrected information – different people at the table takeresponsibility for different ARDOs

 Report and post issues

 Each participant to re-score each ARDO

 Scores collected

NOTES:

LIKELIHOOD OF UPTAKE - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING

Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop

1-9

Arguments and Questions

Reasons supporting your score; issues arising from dataand evaluation sheets

ARDO 1: MARINE FINFISH

1.1 National Goal:

To increase the scale of sustainable production and quality of marine finfish, includingthe development of reliable seed stock and fingerling supplies and high value fish.The MOFI target for 2010 is 300,000 tons of marine finfish with a market value ofUS$4 billion

1.2 Research Scope:

Research to improve selection of appropriate species for local conditions and improvebrood stock culture, larval and fingerling rearing Research in the development andapplication of natural feeds for larvae and nursery culture and the reduction of trash fishfeeding systems through the use of compound feeds for the grow out phase.Development of sustainable production systems including prevention, management andcontrol of disease, and identification and mitigation of environmental impacts

1.3 Coverage:

Main species include: grouper, cobia, Red sea bream, and sea bass

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 Adoption of new techniques in cultured management, propagation technique, larvaerearing, artificial feed production, and disease management and control may be slow

as there is little experience in marine finfish aquaculture

 High cost of entry for larger scale production systems increases risk, may reduce thenumber of new producers and reduces the competitive ability of smaller producers

 Good returns for established marine finfish producers will encourage others to enterthe industry

 Further development of processing industry will ensure diversification of marketsand market products

 Lack of government support and ability to provide a sound regulatory environmentfor exports, including food safety assurance may limit growth of the industry andreturns for producers

 Marine finfish aquaculture is new industry in Vietnamese fisheries There are manyareas that need to be investigated and developed such as brood stock culturetechnique, propagation technique, larvae culture technique, live food production,artificial feed production, diseases management and controlling and environmentmanagement This will take time to achieve

NOTES:

ARDO 2: COLDWATER FISH

Research on hatchery technology, grow out in different farming systems Development

of suitable feeds and feeding systems, disease management and control and assessment

of environment impacts on and of aquaculture and food safety

1.3 Coverage:

Samonoidae family includes Oncorhinchus mykiss, white fish

Acipensidae family including Acipenser baerri, A ruthenus

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 The potential for cold water fish is achievable through large scale investment andproduction and will require identification of private sector funding sources

 Lack of locally produced seed and expensive imported feed will reduce rates ofadoption

 High profitability of larger scale production systems is likely to attract private sectorinvestment

 Smallholders may benefit if they can set up operations close to larger scaleproduction and processing facilities

 Requirement for high levels of investment increases risk and this may reduce thepotential number of new investors

 Current lack of technologies and knowledge by research, extension and producerswill extend the time taken for adoption and industry development

NOTES:

The Government target for aquaculture in 2010 is 2 million tons of yield, over US$2.5billion in exportable value, providing employment and income for about 2 millionpeople The target is for crustaceans to contribute to 60% of the total value of aquaticproducts.

1.2 Research Scope:

Research to improve technical process for hatchery reproduction, higher yield andpropagation quality, and to build the technological process of rearing for marketablesize product Development of quality standards and quality assurance for seeds,suitable food, and management rearing conditions Research on solutions for saferearing, improvement in product quality and management and control of aquaticdiseases Market development research

1.3 Coverage:

 Priority objects for coastal culture : Tiger shrimps, mud crabs

 Priority objects for sea farmring: lobsters

 Priority objects for freshwater culture: Giant river prawns

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 Farmers have rapidly adopted shrimp production systems to provide much increaseincome, but have in many cases not been able to manage disease

 Fishermen are aware of the role that shrimp and crab culture can play in theirlivelihood so they are interested, have some experience and are generally ready toapply new techniques to enhance productivity and yields

 Government support and access to credit will assist in adoption, especially forproduction systems with a short time taken to break even on development costs

 It may be difficult for small scale farmers to adopt good management practices andprovide assurances on quality standards that will become more important with entryinto the WTO

 The requirements of WTO and AFTA, especially sanitation and safety of food causeincrease in production expenses, result in raising the prices of the products while theprices in market do not increase

NOTES:

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 Relatively low technology and low cost of entry will increase the ability for poorfarmers to adopt

 Relatively high value species with good returns on capital invested should increaseadoption rates

 Vietnam has favorable natural conditions and homogenous climate nationwide,which is quite suitable for mollusk culture development to become major supplier ofmollusk products of the world

 Development and expansion of domestic and export markets will encourage morefarmers to adopt

 Lack of experience in export markets means that it will take time to develop thesemarkets

 Likely that there will be intensive competition in export markets and assurance offood quality and safety will be a future requirement for access to export markets

 Farmers who have problems with disease and water quality from existing aquacultureoperations may move to mollusk production to minimize the impacts of disease

NOTES:

ARDO 5: FRESHWATER FISH

Tilapia: 300.000 tons of marketable size fish by the year 2015

Catfish: Production of 1.0 million tons by the year 2010

1.2 Research Scope:

Research into genetic improvement for higher growth rate in fresh and brackish water,selection for adaptability to higher salinity environments, improvement of seed stockquality and availability, improvement of culture technology, feeding systems, diseasecontrol and management, mitigation of environmental impacts, food safety andintensification of larger scale production systems

1.3 Coverage:

Tilapia: including O niloticus, O aureus, and Oreochromis spp.

Catfish: including Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, and Pangasius bocourti

 Risks such as adverse environmental impacts and poaching may impact on the ability

of farmers to adopt

 Experience in application of technology has been positive including the changing andenlarging artificial production scale of seed, enhancing exporting value, and adoption

of varying culture models such as deep ponds, wooden cages; and processing lines

 Ready application of research finding and new technology which minimizeproduction costs, improve quality and generate more profit

 The application of scientific findings is low at risk Importantly, planning needs to besynchronized and harmonized; seed, feed and chemicals have to be regularly testedand controlled for quality modification and standardization

 Difficulties in initial planning and agreement for land conversion and new settlement

by land holders may cause delay in adoption

 Research involvement with the private sector and investment has developed largerscale and more intensive production systems to be developed and this has contributedsignificantly to the increased production of catfish

NOTES:

ARDO 6: POST-HARVEST, PROCESSING & VALUE ADDING

1 ARDO DEFINITION

1.1 National Goal:

To add value and diversify processed fishery products and to develop products whichare valuable and highly competitive in export markets to assist in fisheries maintainingits place as a dominant export earning industry for Vietnam

Specific Targets

 An annual average increase of 10.63% in the fishery export turn-over in 2006-2010

 Total export income of 4 billion USD in 2010

 4.7 million fishery employees in 2010

1.2 Research scope:

To research on solutions to ensure the stability of high quality raw material sources;diversify product lines; expand export and domestic markets for fishery processing,aqua-culture and capture businesses

1.3 Coverage:

The research covers current key export aquatic products of the nation (such as tigerprawn, catfish, oceanic tuna) and products culturally fit for local consumption andtourism

2 ATTRACTIVENESS TO VIETNAM

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 At the production level relatively simple techniques in storage and preservatoin arequickly adopted by the fishing industry, especially marine capture

 Participative collaboration between research institutions and commercial processingand value additng companies is likely to improve the rate of adoption of newtechnologies

 Some processing and export companies may not be prepared to collaborate on

development of new technologies for adding value if they perceive that other

competitors will also gain access to commercially sensitive technologies

NOTES: