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Economic and Policy Research Priorities for VietnamPOTENTIAL BENEFITS - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop Reaso

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and Development Priority

Framework for Vietnam

Workshop

Economic & Policy Research

WORKBOOK

July 2010

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Economic and Policy Research Priorities for Vietnam

WORKSHOP OBJECTIVES

 Assess the national priorities for economic and policy research and development in Vietnam

WORKING IN GROUPS

All participants will be seated in mixed pre-selected groups The majority of work will

be in these groups The composition of groups will be changed as needed throughoutthe workshop

There are some basic “rules” for working effectively in workshop groups:

 recognise that each person’s opinion is valid

 use ‘and’ instead of ‘but’

 express yourself concisely

 keep to time

 turn off mobile phones – use only during coffee and lunch breaks

For each workshop session:

 make sure people are allotted the task of taking notes

 watch the time

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 Who am I – name, affiliation, responsibility, interest/experience

 What I want to happen at this workshop

 What I don’t want to happen at this workshop

[2 minutes per person]

Tables

 Pool expectations

 Decide on 3 cards per table for each of wants and don’t wants

Report back One person from each table to provide brief pen picture of the table

(2 min per table)

Facilitator collect, group, paste cards

[Reporting to be on Cards to enable visualisation of the output of each session and typing of each session’s work for distribution to participants]

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STRATEGIC CONTEXT FOR ECONOMIC & POLICY RESEARCH IN

 What are the major issues external (national and international) to the

agricultural economy and policy setting environment that have importantimplications for the future

 What are the major issues internal to the agriculture economy and policy setting

environment that have important implications for the future

Identify the issues and implications, recording issue and implication on differentcoloured cards

Half tables consider external issues and half tables consider internal issues

NOTES

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RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

The primary objective behind Research & Development (R&D 2 ) priority assessment is to

determine the broad research programmes that will provide Vietnam with the greatestreturn on investment in R & D provided by government and other major stakeholders.Priority setting is the central issue of research and extension management It is a complextask It must be done in a systematic framework able to allow the results to support openand robust decision-making about research and extension resource allocation andmanagement The highest priority R & D is that which has the highest economic, socialand environmental value to the nation

Choices must be made about the Areas of Economic and Policy Research Opportunity

(EPRO) to support, and which not to support If there are no established priorities, then

the choices made will be unlikely to produce results of maximum benefit to Vietnam Atworst, the results will be irrelevant and provide no return for the public investmentinvolved In addition the limited staff and resources available to undertake such researchand the high level of un-scheduled requests for urgent responses to policy issues andadvice from the Ministry and the Party, requires IPSARD to focus its longer termsubstantive research in a very few areas

Figure 1: Use of Priorities to Assist in Selection of Research Programs/Projects

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CSIRO Australia has applied the basic model described here at corporate and division levels and it has been used in more than 60 other research organisations in Asia, Australia and New Zealand, USA and Europe The conceptual analytic framework is based on the one published by the Industrial Research Institute, New York in 1986, viz: R N

Foster, L H Linden, R L Whiteley and A M Kantrow, Improving the return on R&D-I, in 'Measuring and Improving the Performance and Return on R&D', IRI, New York (originally published in Research Management, January 1985).

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Development includes technology development and transfer using transfer mechanisms including extension

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In the past the research and development program is driven by MARD staff using anallocative process In the future MARD will fund research under an open and contestableprocess without bias The aim is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness ofinvestment into research and to develop a research environment that encourages a highdegree of innovation Under this process MARD will clarify the priorities for researchinvestment and define the broad outcomes expected that investment The researchproviders will submit research proposals and budgets that will contribute to achievement

of these outcomes In a “perfect world” those projects that offer the best value for moneywill be supported

There is a range of methodologies available for R & D priority setting Selection of themost appropriate methodology for Vietnam is driven by:

1 The need to use a consultation process that involves a large number and diverserange of stakeholders;

2 The need to develop ownership of priorities amongst MARD and researchinstitute staff, farmers, exporters, processors and marketers

3 The absence of detailed and reliable statistical data on production, profitability,and markets and the absence of research on the impact of policies and on the keydrivers of new and more effective agricultural policies;

4 The need to move from R & D focussed on production and subsistence/foodsecurity to R & D emphasising an empowering policy environment the generateimproved agriculture sustainability, profitability, quality, marketing andcommercial systems;

5 The need to use an objective process that evaluates the likely economic, social andenvironmental benefits to Vietnam;

6 The capacity to undertake appropriate research

An important principle is to implement the process and learn from experience, doingwhat make sense rather than worrying about academic perfection

THE METHODOLOGY

Specific principles about priority setting include:

 Consider areas that are easily related to the benefits from research (the purpose

of the research) not research disciplines – in this case defined as Economic &Policy Research Opportunities (EPRO)

 These areas should be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive,consistently based, forward looking and manageable in number

 Linked to and consistent with the research financing the process

 Criteria are independent

 The criteria used should consider:

o The potential economic, environmental, social, institutional andscientific benefits from successful research

o The context within which research products and services will be used

o The state of development of required research tools and techniquesand the health of appropriate disciplines

o The availability of research skills and infrastructure

 Importantly, priorities are relative; the lower the priority of an area the

greater the selectivity in choosing projects within them, as illustrated in

Figure 1

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The model recommended for use in Vietnam is a five-step process.

1 Define broad Economic & Policy Research Opportunities (EPROs) at the sub-sectorlevel

2 Prioritise EPROs at the sub-sector level

3 From the results of the sub-sector prioritisation establish priorities at the sector level(these may combine some of the sub-sector level priorities into a larger grouping

4 Undertake Sector level research prioritisation

5 Prepare workshop reports and a National R&D Investment Portfolio and PolicyStatement

EPRO Definitions

In the case of the EPROs several workshops and iterations on the number and coverage ofEPROs were facilitated within IPSARD Initially there were 17-18 broad EPROs butthese were reduced as more work and areas of duplication and areas outside the thematicarea of agriculture and rural development were eliminated From the results of theseworkshops a sector set of EPROs was prepared and these are contained in this workbook(Data Sheets) and in a second workbook where data and information has been analysedaccording to the research priority setting framework (discussed below)

EPROs were to be defined in terms of goal, scope and coverage The goal describes theresults expected from all the research in the EPRO - e.g for commodity research the goal

defined was “To develop the capacity for market analysis and forecast, to improve competitiveness of major Vietnamese products in domestic and international markets and to use that capacity as a basis for providing commodity policy advice, including food security, to Government.”

EPRO Priorities

The model used to form Research priorities is relatively simple It asks participants toevaluate the overall merit of Research investment in each EPRO, in terms of

Attractiveness to Vietnam and its Feasibility in Vietnam A scoring scheme is used to

compare and rank the EPROs Scoring is an effective way to allow a group to take allfactors critical to the decision into account in a logical and open way The relative scoresfor each EPRO are developed in structured group discussions in terms of fourindependent criteria These are:

1 Market & Production Potential Benefits for Vietnam

2 Factors Working For & Against Achievement of Potentials

3 Potential Contribution of R & D to Development

4 R &D Capacity Within Vietnam

The relationship between these four criteria is shown in the assessment framework below

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The relative rankings and positions of the EPROs are important They indicate the best

“areas” for research and/or extension investment When the priority-setting grouprepresents researchers, extension workers and academics, farmers, politicians and theagricultural industry and other stakeholders, the methodology ensures that the bestrecommendations possible at the time are made

An example of the outcome of the priority setting process

Figure 1 Plot of attractiveness versus feasibility for a hypothetical set of eight EPROs

showing their priority rating on the basis of their return to Vietnam

RETURN FROM R&D FOR EACH AREA OF RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY

Feasibility

Attractiveness

0 10

7

8

In Figure 1, two EPROs (# 1 and # 8) score the highest for both attractiveness and feasibility They are located in the top right hand corner of the graph They warrant strong research and extension emphasis, and are the highest priority group of EPROs Those located more towards the centre of the graph (# 3, # 5, # 6 and # 7) warrant selective research and extension emphasis and can be classed as moderate priority The two with low scores for both attractiveness and feasibility (# 2 and # 4) justify only limited support and have a low priority.

EPROs # 3 and # 5 have similar attractiveness scores, but EPRO # 5 scores higher on feasibility.

In this hypothetical example the lower feasibility score for EPRO # 3 occurs because the skills available to carry out the research and or extension are considered to be inadequate When the necessary skills are acquired, the two EPROs would otherwise be equal claimants for research

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markets, profits, employment, social and cultural benefits, so while EPROs # 5 and # 7 have similar feasibility scores, # 5 is more attractive, and could be allocated more resources for research and extension.

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AREAS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY

(EPRO)

A Preparation workshop identified EPROs for the Economic & Policy Sub-sector.The following areas selected comply with the principles that research areas to becompared are mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive, consistently based, forwardlooking, and manageable in number It is important also that they are independent oforganisational structure, easily reflect the benefits from successful research and are notdiscipline-based The areas for comparison are essentially areas of research anddevelopment opportunity (EPRO) from which benefits will arise In summary the areasare:

EPRO 1 Commodity Research, Market Analysis, Forecast & Policy

Analysis EPRO 2 Natural Resources & Rural Environment Management

Systems for Agriculture and Rural Development EPRO 4 Social Security for Rural People and Sustainable Poverty

Reduction

EPRO 7 Impact of International Economic Integration and Market

Access to the Vietnam Agricultural Trade

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PRIORITY ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

The purpose of Vietnam’s research effort in agriculture policy, fisheries, forestry andlivestock is to maximise the return to Vietnam through income generation andenvironmental and social benefits It follows that priorities should be assessed in terms

of Potential Impact and Feasibility.

The criteria are defined as follows:

Potential impact

 Potential benefits

• maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic, environmental, social) from successful research

 Likelihood of uptake of results

• likelihood of the results of successful research being utilized by Vietnam

Likelihood

of uptake

Scientific potential

Research capacity

Max return to Vietnam

through income

generation, environmental

& social benefits

Feasibility

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PRE-WORKSHOP ASSESSMENT OF EPROs

[Purpose is to undertake a preliminary assessment of the relative priority of EPROs against Potential Impact and Feasibility criteria to enhance the level of discussion

during the workshop]

1) Read Data Sheets for all EPROs

 Carefully read all the Data Sheets (attached as a separate document) toobtain an overview of all seven EPROs

 Make brief notes in the margins of the things from your own views andexperience you think are important for the on-going Research program foreach EPRO

2) Prepare individual preliminary EPRO Scores

i) Refer to the SWOT analysis for each EPRO

ii) Instructions for preliminary scoring

Participants should score each EPRO before coming to the workshop and make note

of their reasoning to support their arguments in discussion Space is provided in theworkbook against each EPRO

 Step 1 - For each criteria in turn, read the evaluation sheet for each of

the EPROs, starting with Potential Benefits (refer to page 13 of this

workbook)

 Step 2 – Now, in your view select the highest EPROs and then the

Finally, score the MEDIUM EPRO’s from 2 to 6 The aim of theevaluation is to examine the relative differences between EPROs, so awide spread of scores is desirable A low score does not mean that an area

is unimportant – it just means that in your view it is less important thanthe others

 Step 4 – repeat the process for the next three criteria

 Step 5 – Having recorded your scores and reasoning in the Workbook for

the four criteria, transfer your scores to the consolidated score sheet andbring it with you to the workshop All scores will be tabulated and madeavailable at the workshop

The purpose behind this procedure is to achieve as much discrimination between theEPROs as possible We are interested in exploring the relative differences betweenEPROs It is important to remember that priorities are RELATIVE A low score doesnot mean that an area is unimportant per se However, when resources are limited,decisions need to be made about where to focus the effort to achieve the greatest impactfor Vietnam

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ASSESSING POTENTIAL BENEFITS

[Purpose is to provide an assessment of the relative Potential Benefits from each of

the EPROs]

Potential Benefits reflect maximum additional benefits for Vietnam (economic,

environmental, and social) from successful research

Potential benefits increaseThe larger the size

– The faster the economic growth

– The greater the reduction in costs

– The higher the research intensity

– The greater the positive environmental and social impact

– The greater the spillover benefits

Procedure:

Table groups

 Discuss potential benefits arising from each EPRO using preliminary scoring to

initiate discussion

 Record on cards the major points that arise during discussion of each EPRO –

especially new and corrected information – different people at the table takeresponsibility for different EPROs

 Report and post issues

 Each participant to re-score each EPRO

 Scores collected

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POTENTIAL BENEFITS - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING

Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop

Reasons supporting your score; issues arising fromdata and evaluation sheets

Development & Transfer

Delivery Systems For

Agriculture & Rural

Development

4: Social Security For Rural

People And Sustainable

Poverty Reduction

5: Climate Change

6: Rural Development

7 : Impact Of International

Economic Integration And

Market Access To The

Vietnam Agricultural Trade

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EPRO 1: COMMODITY RESEARCH, MARKET ANALYSIS,

FORECAST & POLICY ANALYSIS

To develop the capacity for market analysis and forecast, to improve competitiveness ofmajor Vietnamese products in domestic and international markets and to use that

capacity as a basis for providing commodity policy advice, including food security, toGovernment

3 Conducting in-depth analysis and demonstration model of market change atmacro level in short term and long term, in order to help in forecasting andplanning work of MARD, local authorities and agri-business organizations

4 Provide timely information and awareness of commodity analysis results viapolicy discussion forum, market outlook conference, publications to assistthe public and private sector to develop stable and profitable markets

The priorities are for the domestic and export products are rice, coffee, rubber, andaquatic sector (shrimp and catfish) To a lesser extent and mainly for the domesticmarket pig production could be a lower level priority

 While the growth in agriculture production has been impressive the potential forfurther input driven growth in total value is limited by reduction in agricultural landand environmental impacts associated with higher inputs

 A focus on quality and sound market opportunities is likely to provide the greatestimpact for continued growth in the contribution of agriculture to Vietnam’s GDP

 Investment decisions, but producers, processors and exporters based on soundmarket analysis for key commodities, rather than centralized planning based onproduction targets is likely to improve the long term returns on investments for allstakeholders

 Market analysis both on the supply-demand side and in relation to price and quality

is likely to the competitiveness of Vietnam’s agricultural products in both thedomestic and international marketplace

 Policies developed on the basis of sound research and forward projections especially

in market forecast for the supply and demand of agricultural products are likely toprovide national and individual benefits to all other market actors, including those

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involved in the supply chain, in making decisions of production, trading, processingetc

 Planning for and improving the efficiency of utilization of infrastructural capacities

is likely to be improved through development and regular updating of marketforecasting and analysis

 Collection of farm-based data and information through monitor farms for majorfarming systems, not only provides real time data and information on importantfarming systems, but also enables measurement of the health of the rural sector andcould provide the basis for more practical social and rural development policyadvice

 Sound forecasting and projections on Vietnam’s comparative advantage in themarket place and likely longer term trends could avoid short term decision makingbased on short-term market instability, thereby improving the quality of investmentdecisions for all actors in the supply/value chain

 Exporting and processing enterprises would benefit from accessible marketinformation for logistics planning and infrastructure investments

 Farmers could more effectively invest resources in the longer-term and avoid “boomand bust” cycles if they are aware and confident of longer term market prospects,

 This research also directly affects the process of hunger degradation and povertyreduction through improving agricultural income of rural population, as well asindirectly influence to environmental quality improvement through more sustainablecultivation system, and social impact by increasing product quality by well-regulated pesticides and fertilizer degree to meet the requirement of exportproducts)

 The food crisis in Asia and problems in other food (maize) and farm input markets(oil and fertilizers in particular) demand a robust rice market monitoring systemwhich will be able to provide the right signals Knowledge of existing marketpolicies, behaviours of rice producers, traders, distributors, and marketers etc will

be important in helping provide a reliable market system And it should also providethe response to policy-makers to improve the industrial development

 Improved information and analysis for policy formulation will generate significantbenefits to the rural sector and the economy as a whole

 Improved information on market situations and price movements on inputs andoutputs could lead to better production planning and reduce unfair pricing for inputsand outputs

NOTES:

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EPRO 2: NATURAL RESOURCES AND RURAL

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

1.1 National goal or purpose

To develop a legal framework and policy environment to enhance (i) the sustainable and

efficient use and management of natural resources in the agricultural sector and (ii)

healthy environment in rural areas to ensure the sustainable agriculture and rural

development; and (iii) to reduce the adverse impacts of agricultural production on

natural resources and the rural environment

1.2 Research Scope

 To construct an effective database and monitoring system for natural resources use

in the agricultural sector and rural environment;

 To conduct research to estimate the mutual relationships between agricultural

production and natural resources use and the environment in short term and long

term through quantitative techniques such as experiments, environmental evaluation,

cost benefit analysis, bio-economic models, general equilibrium models and

qualitative techniques such participatory rural assessment, case study, etc

 To study strategy/approach for the MARD and the government to maintain optimal

natural resources use and management and healthy rural environment; and

 To provide timely information and knowledge of these above research results via

policy discussion forum, conference, publications to assist the public and private

sector to develop their working plan and strategy

1.3 Coverage

The focus includes:

 Land use and management in agricultural sector and rural areas;

 Water use and management in agricultural sector and rural areas (irrigation and

drinking water);

 Agro-biodiversity conservation; and

 Rural environment protection

2.1 Potential impacts on stakeholders

Vietnam  An optimal use of natural resources for total agricultural sector and rural areas,

secure the capacity of natural resources for long term use.

 Contribute to improvement of human health, productivity and environmental condition Contribute to the sustainable economic development

 Mitigation of losses caused by climate change’s impacts in agricultural sector and rural areas Contribute to the sustainability of people livelihood and economy Agricultural

development

 An optimal use of natural resources for each industry (crops, husbandry, aquaculture) in agricultural sector in specific geographical regions Contribute to improvement of agricultural productivity, food security and share of agricultural

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sector sector in total Vietnam’s GDP

 Contribute to the sustainable development of agricultural sector and rural areas

 Mitigation of agricultural production losses due to natural disaster and climate change (coastal zones and MR Delta).

 Improvement of their income from agricultural production: thanks to natural resources use sufficiency, farmers can improve the productivity of rice and other crops, husbandry and aquaculture production;

 Improve their health and environmental condition

 Reduced expenditure of dealing with disease out-break, serious pollution treatment

 Mitigation of impacts caused by climate change (Coastal zones and MR Delta) Maintain food security, and export revenue.

IPSARD  Provision of policy commendations on natural resource and rural environment

management for agricultural and rural development sector for MARD

 Capacity to incorporate natural resources and environment related issues in policy intervention

 Improvement of staff’s capacity in natural resources and environmental research issues

 Establishment of a sufficiently database of natural resources and environment which could be use for other studies in the future

 A network with natural resources and environment research and management institutions

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EPRO 3: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURE AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

To develop a legal framework and policy environment to enhance the quality, accessand impact agriculture services that are responsive to stakeholder needs, is marketdriven and cost effective (i.e delivers good Return on Investment)

1 Analysis of current policies related to the management of the MARD ARDresearch and development delivery systems and the identification of areas forreform

2 Analysis of the impact of current policies promoting technology developmentand transfer (including fit with market demand) and the potential for alternativetechnology development strategies that will meet stakeholders’ needs

3 Recommendations on the scope of regulatory and process reform that willachieve the national goal

The focus is agriculture research and extension servicesprovided by the state, social and political institutions, and enterprises (state owned or private)at the national and grass-rootslevel but should also take into consideration other similar rural service delivery systemssuch as:

(i) other production services for rural actors (irrigation, plant and animal

health);

(ii) (ii) social services (healthcare, electricity, water, education, etc.) and

(iii) (iii) business services (credit, tourism, etc.).

 Contribution from users of research and extension services to the costs willsignificantly improve the relevance and impact of service delivery, particularly

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for services that provide significant improvements in farm family livelihoods andfor applications with commercial or industry impacts

 Development of industry contributions to the cost of research will significantlyincrease resources, improve relevance and impact of research and lead to morerapid improvements in competitiveness of specific agriculture commodities

 Output based contracts for extension delivery is likely to improve the adoption andimpact of transfer of technology

 Movement from funding research institutions to funding research outputs is likely tosignificantly change the way the research agenda is developed and the level ofresearch overheads

 Development of the S&T market and protection of intellectual property rights willassist in strengthening research providers through providing non-governmentsources for income

 Introduction of levies on exports and use of levies for industry developmentincluding research and technology transfer should assist competitiveness ofagriculture exports

 Improved contribution from research and science will enable Vietnam scientists tointegrate more effectively into the international science community and hasten theadaptation of international knowledge into the Vietnam environment

 Development of research priorities will provide a guide on future needs for scientificcapacities and training needs

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EPRO 4: SOCIAL SECURITY FOR RURAL PEOPLE AND

SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION

Policy advice based on theoretical and practical knowledge and experience fordevelopment of appropriate programs to support rural people in preventing, mitigatingand actively overcoming risks related to poverty, employment and livelihoods to ensuresocial security

Focuses on reviewing theories, researches and experiences; evaluating current situationand proposing policies and solutions related to support for rural people to activelyprevent and overcome seven group of risks, including natural, economic, social,environment, conflict, health and life cycle-related risks, aiming at ensuring socialsecurity and sustainable poverty reduction:

1 Contents and measures to actively generate and transfer livelihood for ruralpeople, mainly through active labour market measures;

2 Measures to promote people to actively cope with (mitigate) negative impacts ofrisks through social insurance programs;

3 Issues and solutions to create a framework for surmounting the consequences ofrisks through emergency social relief and regular social assistance

4 Wealth transfer approaches to improve delivery of social services includingeducation and health and address basic incomes for poor rural households

 Literature review on social security; international experience in designing andimplementing social security policies and programs in rural areas;

 Reviewing social security policies for rural people in Vietnam;

 Assessing risks (seven groups of risks) applied for rural people in Vietnam;

 Orientations to develop social security policies and sustainable povertyreduction for rural people

 Developing social security policies in line with the socialism oriented

economy, social policies must be considered as important as economic

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development policies linked with socio-economic development programs,creating momentum for economic growth, social justice to realize humandevelopment and maximize human resources

 Developing and implementing social security policies with coverage to reach

entire people (universal) under rights and human value based approach to

ensure that people are not fallen under minimum standard The system mustalso be developed with inter-connection schemes and successful intervention

at risks, and under sustainability with policies suitable for socio-economicdevelopment of the nation

 Developing social security system with concentration, especially focus onpeople in rural area, ethnic minorities and those affected by socio-economicreform (such as migrant workers and people who lost their land and underimpact of crisis, etc.,) National devotees and vulnerable (women, children,older people, disabled people, etc.,) are groups with priority of the system

 The State plays a key role in implementation of social security withparticipation of social partners in running social security policies It isnecessary to set up mechanism to attract involvement of private sector inprovision of social security services (socialization) Roles and responsibilities

of policy actors, the State and civil society should be brought into play inreaching social security objectives

 Formulating social security policies with internationally integrated contents, approaches and standards; mobilizing international and regional cooperation

in implementing these policies dedicated for workers in the context ofaccelerated international labour movement

NOTES:

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EPRO 5: CLIMATE CHANGE

Increase the capacity of Vietnam’s Government, Ministry of agriculture and ruraldevelopment (MARD) and Vietnamese people in forecasting the climate change’simpacts, mitigating and adapting with its negative impacts, exploiting its positiveimpacts and ensure the sustainable agriculture and rural development

 Conduct in-depth analyses to analyse the adaptive and mitigation capacity offarmers, local authorities and other relevant actors to these impacts;

 Study the optimal strategy/approach for the MARD and the government to copewith climate change (based on cost benefit analysis); and

 Provide timely information and knowledge of climate change’s impacts analysisresults via policy discussion forum, conference, publications to assist the public andprivate sector to develop their working plan and strategy

1.3 Coverage

The priorities are most significant climate change phenomena: (i) sea level rising(including salt water intrusion), (i) temperature increase, (iii) rainfall change, and (iv)seriousness changes in natural disaster (drought, storm, El-Nino and La-Nina) At alower priority level, other phenomena such as changes in wind speed, sun lightbrightness may be addressed

 Achieve a sustainable development of agricultural sector and rural area

 Contribute to the sustainable development of Vietnam’s economy andworld wide

 Provide policy research experience on mitigating and adapting negativeimpacts of climate change for other countries

 Maintain the appropriate share of agriculture in the national GDP

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 Maintain food security for Vietnam

 Maintain the energy security in rural areas

 Achieve the optimal use of natural resources

 Achieve good condition of rural infrastructure

 Achieve good environmental and social condition of rural areasCentral and

local

authorities

 Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of their policy/strategy

 Achieve sustainable economic development in the region

 Ensure the stability of political and social and the healthy environment

 Create the belief of people in authorities’ leadership

 Reduce accumulative costs to cope with climate change in long-termFarmers  Be able to effectively and efficiently to mitigate and adapt with negative

impacts of climate change

 Achieve sustainable income from agriculture, and stable livelihood

 Achieve good infrastructure: health, drinking water, irrigation, extensionservice

 Achieve good environmental and social condition in rural areasNOTES:

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EPRO 6: RURAL DEVELOPMENT

 To develop capacity of policy analysis and use that capacity as a basis forproviding rural development policy advice, and inputs for comprehensive ruraldevelopment strategy of the Government

Review the policy and institutional framework for local development in Vietnam andexperiences in the world Analyse impacts of existing policies and strategy on ruraldevelopment

 Analyse current “rural space” development including rural institutions (RIs) andcooperatives, the capacity and contribution of rural infrastructure developmentand the role and contribution of agribusiness development to rural development

 Develop conceptual new models of RIs (civil organization, mass associations,business network, and community organization) and new models of cooperatives(cooperatives, associations, producer group, and contract farming) in rural areas,and examine how different actors could be mobilized in constructing ruralinfrastructure, and in diversification of rural production and value addingactivities

 Distil key lessons learnt for policy recommendations for improvement andprogress and sustainable development of rural institutions, community andcooperatives, rural infrastructure and agribusiness development, rural investmentincentive formulation on the basis of soliciting contribution ideas and policyneeds of inhabitants

 Key outputs would include:

- Collecting and providing updated information and improving understanding

Institutional development and economic development in rural areas, including:

- Institutional reform and development in rural areas: rural institutions and

cooperatives, community development

- Economic reform and development in rural areas: agri-business development,

rural infrastructure development (focus on marketing infrastructure: transports,communication and agricultural facilities) and rural investment

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2.1 Potential Impact

 Development of job opportunities in rural areas should slow the rural urban drift andimprove the capacity for managing orderly infrastructure development in both urbanand rural areas

 Successfully addressing rural community needs, will enhance social stability andsecurity

 Development of local services will provide employment and significantly increasethe access to service delivery in rural areas

 Investment in rural areas is likely to speed up the rate of agricultural diversificationwhich will have an impact on rural poverty

 Vertical and horizontal linkages in marketing through producer groups, development

of supply chains and investment in value adding enterprises and cool chains is likely

to improve income for rural households and generate employment

 Development of an “even playing field” for formal and informal enterprisesincluding equal access to government financial and social support will favour theformation and management most efficient and effective enterprises

 Encouragement of rural communities and rural institutions will enable ruralcommunities to become more influential in local rural development, includingimproved environmental management

 Incentives to encourage investment in rural areas is likely to encourage private sectorinitiatives into rural areas and lessen the need for state intervention and control

 Sound policies that meet rural development needs are likely to increasedecentralisation of resources and socialization of rural infrastructure, institutions andagri-business development

 Development of Public:Private Partnerships is likely to improve investment andorganisation and management capacity in rural areas

NOTES:

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EPRO 7: IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC

INTEGRATION AND MARKET ACCESS TO THE VIETNAM

 To enhance the ability to access world markets

 To develop strategies to improve the competitiveness/ export markets for keyagricultural products

 To develop capacity within Vietnam in analysing agricultural trade

 To provide policy advice information, research results on multilateral andbilateral trade issues to policy makers, industry and other stakeholders

 Review and analyse Vietnam’s current WTO commitments and tradeagreements with other countries, which have the potential to impact on marketaccess ability of agricultural products

 Study the impact of WTO commitments and FTA to the exported agriculturecommodities and those ones’ potential export

 Build a database on agricultural trade, price, policy and research on tradeliberalization

 Country study on: competitiveness of main agricultural products and their mainexport markets; demand and taste changes in the targeted export markets andpotential export markets for Vietnam’s agricultural products in the future

 Further study on some main export markets: their potential demand, taste andespecially prevailing FTAs with other countries It would help highlight keyissues when negotiating with other trading partners to conform with the WTOcommitments and trade agreements on the one hand, and to promote agriculturalproduction and export on the other hand

 Focus on Vietnam’s major agricultural exports

 Update information on changes of international trade policy and WTOnegotiations

 Analysis of market access commitments for major agricultural products

 Data collection on agricultural export volume, market share, prices, supply anddemand, etc of Vietnam (at national and local levels)

 Data on market share, agricultural production, prices of majorexporting/importing countries (at country and world market levels)

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 Stakeholders’ meetings and policy discussion at central level

 Analyse impact of WTO accession and regional trade agreement usingcomputable general equilibrium models, possibly GTAP version 2004, thus give

an overview of current situation and projection as well This is quite differentfrom the method that international economic integration will employ: usingupdated database for monitoring and quick assessment of agreement

 Calculate competitiveness index of major agricultural products

 Suggest potential export markets for Vietnam agricultural products

 Experience of other developing countries in ASEAN/Asia in promotingagricultural industries

 Suggest policy options to promote agricultural exports of Vietnam

 Vietnam is now one of the world biggest exporters of key agricultural products andimproved market access in the future will allow Vietnam to capitalise of its relativelycheap labour, climate and long history of cultivating tropical agricultural products

 Any gains in agriculture productivity through improve market access will haveimpacts on a significant number of people with farmers accounting for 60% of itspopulation

 Improvement in both domestic and export markets will assist in reducing problemssuch as abundant labour, poverty in rural areas, creation of employment opportunities

in value adding agriculture related industries

 Good market analysis will better align production targets to market requirements,make more effective use of land, allow for the orderly development of infrastructureand assist producers in obtaining better returns when they meet the market needs forquality

 Effective access to the world and regional markets and promotion of exports based

on sustainable development of domestic agricultural production is likely tosignificantly improve rural development

 Improved market access policies will pave the way for the development ofagricultural exports, agricultural production and agriculture in general

 Potential for export enterprises, processing enterprises, competitive commercialfarmers could have increased export market access and higher profits

 Potential for cooperation amongst small-scale farmers with common goals but whoare lack of information and are not so competitive and could be left behind andvulnerable to unexpected shocks to access markets through producer associations

 Consolidation of Vietnam’s position in the world market and assure betterlivelihoods for rural communities

 Sound analysis of implications for agriculture on economic integration would enableVietnam to adopt a stronger negotiating position in trade negotiations with ourpartners

 Access to international markets, especially those where Vietnam is competitive willemphasise the need for GAP and is likely to provide premiums for certified

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issues such as over- or non-safe use of agricultural chemicals

NOTES:

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ASSESSING LIKELIHOOD OF UPTAKE

[Purpose is to provide an assessment of the relative Likelihood of Uptake in each of

the EPROs]

Likelihood of uptake – reflects likelihood of the results of successful research being

utilized by Vietnam

Likelihood of uptake is greater

– The higher and faster the adoption rate

– The more easily benefits are recognised

– The more favourable government policies and regulations

– The more effective the extension system

– The higher the research intensity and level of innovation

– The higher the international competitiveness in trade

Procedure:

Table groups

 Discuss adoption likelihood of research arising from each EPRO using

preliminary scoring to initiate discussion

 Record on cards the major points that arise during discussion of each EPRO –

especially new and corrected information – different people at the table takeresponsibility for different EPROs

 Report and post issues

 Each participant to re-score each EPRO

 Scores collected

NOTES:

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LIKELIHOOD OF UPTAKE - PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SCORING

Please complete your preliminary evaluation before coming to the Workshop

Reasons supporting your score; issues arising fromdata and evaluation sheets

Development & Transfer

Delivery Systems For

Agriculture & Rural

Development

4: Social Security For Rural

People And Sustainable

Poverty Reduction

5: Climate Change

6: Rural Development

7 : Impact Of International

Economic Integration And

Market Access To The

Vietnam Agricultural Trade

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FORECAST & POLICY ANALYSIS

To develop the capacity for market analysis and forecast, to improve competitiveness ofmajor Vietnamese products in domestic and international markets and to use that

capacity as a basis for providing commodity policy advice, including food security, toGovernment

3 Conducting in-depth analysis and demonstration model of market change atmacro level in short term and long term, in order to help in forecasting andplanning work of MARD, local authorities and agri-business organizations

4 Provide timely information and awareness of commodity analysis results viapolicy discussion forum, market outlook conference, publications to assistthe public and private sector to develop stable and profitable markets

The priorities are for the domestic and export products are rice, coffee, rubber, andaquatic sector (shrimp and catfish) To a lesser extent and mainly for the domesticmarket pig production could be a lower level priority

A major change in existing planning practices from being production target driven tomarket forecast driven will be resisted by those already involved in agricultureplanning

Commodity forecasting and analysis is new to Vietnam and it will take time beforereliable data, information and analysis is robust enough for actors to gain confidence

Some difficulties and costs associated with accessing reliable analysis ofinternational markets undertaken by reputable international agencies

Relatively high cost to obtain farm-based data and information to assess both thehealth of the agriculture sector and to obtain accurate supply forecasts in time toassist in investment decisions

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stakeholders in value chain would also affect to the study, especially on demand andcompetitiveness analysis.

Analysis results and policy recommendations for the development of each sectorseparately could, in some cases, conflict with the master plan of a province or of aregion since the basis of decisions on investments are different

NOTES:

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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

To develop a legal framework and policy environment to enhance (i) the sustainable andefficient use and management of natural resources in the agricultural sector and (ii)healthy environment in rural areas to ensure the sustainable agriculture and ruraldevelopment; and (iii) to reduce the adverse impacts of agricultural production onnatural resources and the rural environment

1.2 Research Scope

 To construct an effective database and monitoring system for natural resources use

in the agricultural sector and rural environment;

 To conduct research to estimate the mutual relationships between agriculturalproduction and natural resources use and the environment in short term and longterm through quantitative techniques such as experiments, environmental evaluation,cost benefit analysis, bio-economic models, general equilibrium models andqualitative techniques such participatory rural assessment, case study, etc

 To study strategy/approach for the MARD and the government to maintain optimalnatural resources use and management and healthy rural environment; and

 To provide timely information and knowledge of these above research results viapolicy discussion forum, conference, publications to assist the public and privatesector to develop their working plan and strategy

1.3 Coverage

The focus includes:

 Land use and management in agricultural sector and rural areas;

 Water use and management in agricultural sector and rural areas (irrigation anddrinking water);

 Agro-biodiversity conservation; and

 Rural environment protection

2.2 Factors influencing adoption

 Lack of awareness and general public apathy towards natural resource andenvironmental management and the intrinsic value of bio-diversity

 Lack of techniques and knowledge to conduct advanced qualitative and quantitativeanalyses on (i) land use and management, (ii) water use and management, (iii)mutual impacts between agro biodiversity and agricultural production, and (iv)mutual impacts between rural environmental quality and agricultural production andfarmer’s health;

 Lack of monitoring system and databases on (i) land use and management, (ii) wateruse and management, (iii) agro biodiversity, (iv) rural environmental quality;

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resource use and rural environment, it will take time before reliable data, informationand analysis is robust enough to convince leaders and people to take action promptly

 At early stage of policy implementation, farmers may not ready to cooperate as theymay have to change their treatment habits to natural resources and rural environment

 The application of new policy may affect the industrialization and urbanizationprocess as investors in industrial zones may face with higher environmentalprotection cost for their operation

 Lack of collaboration and cooperation between ministries, institutes, universities andprovinces related natural resources and rural environment management Thus, theseanalyses’ results may not be used effectively to formulate policies

 Farmers and local authorities may not afford for environmental services and extranatural resources use fees

NOTES:

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TRANSFER DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR AGRICULTURE AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

To develop a legal framework and policy environment to enhance the quality, accessand impact agriculture services that are responsive to stakeholder needs, is marketdriven and cost effective (i.e delivers good Return on Investment)

4 Analysis of current policies related to the management of the MARD ARDresearch and development delivery systems and the identification of areas forreform

5 Analysis of the impact of current policies promoting technology developmentand transfer (including fit with market demand) and the potential for alternativetechnology development strategies that will meet stakeholders’ needs

6 Recommendations on the scope of regulatory and process reform that willachieve the national goal

The focus is agriculture research and extension servicesprovided by the state, social and political institutions, and enterprises (state owned or private)at the national and grass-rootslevel but should also take into consideration other similar rural service delivery systemssuch as:

(iv) other production services for rural actors (irrigation, plant and animal

health);

(v) (ii) social services (healthcare, electricity, water, education, etc.) and

(vi) (iii) business services (credit, tourism, etc.).

2.2 Ability to Capture Benefits

 Government policy and most regulations already available support major reform inresearch delivery, but the implementation of policies is slow, with passive resistancefrom publically-funded research institutions This has and is likely to continue todelay implementation of policy

 Government research and extension agencies will resist moves to allow government service providers to access public monies for service delivery

non- Low Public Service salary levels, the lack of incentives for performance andresearch costs based on artificial (and low) cost norms will reduce the willingness ofexisting research and extension agencies to change

 Legislation to enable greater private sector contribution to development of theagricultural sector and the development of partnerships between research and

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public sector funds and is likely to provide incentives for adoption of reform inresearch program management and research delivery systems

NOTES:

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