Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs - APPENDIX 4 " pot

Dong My Thai Binh Province - Farm 1 140 sows TEST FARM General Comments on farm visit 3 rd October 2006 These are to be read in the context of the full July report for 2005, which is be

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Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development

Collaboration for Agriculture and Rural

Development (CARD) Program

Diagnosis and control of diarrhoea in suckling pigs

APPENDIX 4:

Farm Reports for northern herds September 2006

Dr Tony Fahy

Ms Karen Moore

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Table of Contents

Dong My (Thai Binh Province) - Farm 1 (140 sows) 5

General Comments on farm visit 3rd October 2006 5

Farrowing 5

Weaner/Grower/Finisher shed 5

Vaccination schedule 5

Comments 5

Farrowing house audit 19/7/05 5

Ambient Conditions ~ 9am 6

Sow 6

Piglet 6

Farrowing Shed 6

Comments 6

Anh De - Farm 2 (150 sows) 7

General Comments on farm visit 3rd October 2006 7

Farrowing shed 7

Ambient Conditions 7

Weaners/Growers/Finishers 7

Vaccines 7

Comments 7

Ambient Conditions ~ 11.30am 7

Sow 8

Piglet 8

Farrowing Shed – old 8

Farrowing Shed - new 8

General 8

Diagnostic Report 8

Comments 8

Anh Thiet (Hung Yen Province) - Farm 3 (100 sows) farrowing house audit 20/7/05 9

Sow 9

Piglet 9

Farrowing Shed 9

Diagnostic Report 9

Comments 9

Anh Hiep (Hung Yen Province) - Farm 4 (120 sows) 10

General Comments on farm visit 4th October 2006 10

Farrowing House 10

Dry sow shed 10

Weaner/grower shed 10

Growers 10

General comment 10

Farrowing house audit 20/7/05 (Cargill Feed Demo farm) 11

Sow 11

Piglet 11

Farrowing Shed 11

Diagnostic Report 11

Comments 11

Trang Due (Hai Phong Province) - Farm 5 (206 sows moving to 250 sows) 12

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General Comments on farm visit 1 October 2006 12

Farrowing 12

Comments 12

Farm audit 18/7/05 12

Sow 13

Piglet 13

Comments 13

Anh Tinh (Hai Phong Province) - Farm 6 control (150 sows) 14

General Comments on farm visit 1st October 2006 14

Farrowing 14

Weaners/Growers/Finishers 14

Comments 14

Sow 15

Piglet 15

Farrowing Shed 15

Comments 15

Minh Duong (Ha Tay Province) - Farm 7 (100 sows) 16

Farrowing House 16

Dry sow shed 16

General comment 16

Sow 17

Piglet 17

Farrowing Shed 17

Comments 17

Chi Huong (Ha Tay Province) - Farm 8 (currently 120 sows moving towards 200 sows) 18

Farrowing House 18

Dry sow shed 18

Grower/Finisher shed 18

Finisher sheds 19

Post visit meeting 19

General comment 19

Sow 19

Piglet 19

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Comments 20

Nhon Hoa (Binh Dinh Province) - Farm 9 (200 sows) 21

General Comments on farm visit 29th September 2006 21

Farrowing 21

Comments 21

Sow 21

Piglet 22

Weaners 22

Farrowing Shed 1 22

Farrowing Shed 2 22

Comments 22

Dinh-Dung (Binh Dinh Province) - Farm 10 (3 X 50 sow units) 23

General Comments on farm visit 29th September 2006 23

Comments 23

Sow 23

Piglet 23

Farrowing Shed 23

Comments 23

Appendix 1 - Sow feeding 24

Appendix 2 - Condition Scoring of Sows 25

Appendix 3 - Water Requirements for Pigs 26

Appendix 4 – Temperature Requirements 27

Appendix 5 - Mange eradication 28

Appendix 6 - Reproductive efficiency 28

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Dong My (Thai Binh Province) - Farm 1 (140 sows) TEST FARM

General Comments on farm visit 3 rd October 2006

These are to be read in the context of the full July report for 2005, which is below

In general there were no dedicated creep areas A few farrowing crates had wooden boxes as creep areas but there were no heat lamps or covering on the floor to prevent draughts

Overall there were no changes from the last visit

There are 100 sows in the dry sow shed This gives a total of 123 breeders for this farm

• Parvo - 2 weeks before mating

• Hog Cholera – 1 month prior to farrowing

• Erysip & Pasteurella – 18 days after farrowing

• E.coli – 25 days after farrowing

• FMD - Breeders twice per year

Progeny

• M.hyopneumoniae one shot vaccine at 21 days

• Hog cholera 35 & 65 days of age

• FMD - No progeny are vaccinated

Comments

Farrowing house audit 19/7/05

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Ambient Conditions ~ 9am

• Farrow 20 per month

• Vaccinate with Litterguard

• Preweaning mortality 10-12%

• Water rate approximately 1 L/min

• Feeders empty (feed 5kg/day and 6kg for skinny sows)

• Respiration rate of 140 for one sow

Piglet

• Weaning age 21 days

• Use 175 watt lamps

• Piglets were comfortable

• Wind Speed - 0.4 m/sec

• Exhaust fans broken

• Misting system and blinds

• Roof cooling with sprinklers

• Roof vents not all working

• 38 crates available with 20 occupied, 16 had litters

Comments

• Sell 40kg (20,000 VD/kg) pigs at 110 days and 90kg (16,500 VD/kg) pigs at 170 days

• Wide opening on sheds but partially blocked by trees Good potential for ventilation and cooling but not being fully achieved

• Concrete blocks in the farrowing crates blocking piglets from gaining access to the bottom row of teats

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Anh De - Farm 2 (150 sows) CONTROL FARM

General Comments on farm visit 3 rd October 2006

There were twelve sows with litters in crates One pen of weaners

There were some heated creep areas The windows of one side of the building were closed thus preventing any ventilation The ceiling was low, being approximately 7 feet

There were 81 dry sows The blinds were down thus there was little air flow Most of these sows were condition score 2 They claim to feed the sows 2 kg per sow twice per day – ie 4 kg per sow per day

Weaners/Growers/Finishers

There was a lot of coughing in the growers

One feeder per 20 to 40 pigs

Blinds were completely closed on one side, thus no ventilation There were 290

growers/finishers and 180 weaners

Three or four pens of weaners looked wet and cold This was the only part of the shed where the blinds were open

Vaccines

M.hyopneumoniae vaccine - 7 & 21 days

FMD - 1 shot at 45 days of age

Hog Cholera - Sow – 21 days post farrowing, Piglets – 35 days of age ( we believe it is the Vietnamese produced live modified vaccine)

Comments

Farrowing house audit 19/7/05

Ambient Conditions ~ 11.30am

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Sow

• No vaccination schedule

• Feeder empty (fed 5kg/day)

• Respiration rate of sows 44, 180 and 150/min

Piglet

• No designated creep, use 100W globes

Farrowing Shed – old

Pre drip cool Post drip cool

• Only 3 of 8 fans working

• 30 crates (16 old and 14 new) available with 8 old crates occupied

• Farrowing dates for 1 sow were 9/5/04, 26/9/04, 18/2/05 and 7/7/05

Farrowing Shed - new

• Side wall blocked by shade cloth

• Diarrhoea in grower pigs possibly due to Hog Cholera or salmonella

• Open flush drains filled with water (emptied twice daily) were a potential source for spread of enteric diseases

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Anh Thiet (Hung Yen Province) - Farm 3 (100 sows) farrowing house audit 20/7/05 (Note this control farm was removed from the study due to an outbreak of classical swine fever)

• Blinds half way down

• Sow cooling system but most of it was not working

• Sell approximately 200 pigs/month at 20 weeks of age and at about 80kg

• This number of pigs sold cannot be achieved with 100 sows with a maximum of 152 being possible

• Shade cloth blocking ventilation

• Poor water flow rate to drinkers for growers

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Anh Hiep (Hung Yen Province) - Farm 4 (120 sows) near new bridge (TEST FARM) General Comments on farm visit 4 th October 2006

They had 13 crates with farrowed sows and seven crates with sows due to farrow There were 4 crates with weaned pigs

They have a problem with diarrhoea at seven days of age Samples were collected As they treat with baycox we suspect Rotavirus or TGE are most likely cause If this is the case we

recommend feedback of scour material to dry sows at the rate of 1 part manure water to 19 parts ordinary water into the dry sow feeder troughs

Dry sow shed

In total there were 73 dry sows and 4 boars All sows were in condition score 3 Give

Bivermectin 0.25% (100mL bottle) before farrowing

This also applies to any pigs weaned in the farrowing house

Any pigs weaned into crates in the farrowing house should be given heater lamps and fed

Apramycin either in feed or water

Range of antibiotics found on this farm

Injectables

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Farrowing house audit 20/7/05 (Cargill Feed Demo farm)

Ambient Conditions ~ 9am

• 24 crates available with 21 occupied

Diagnostic Report

Comments

• Cooling system in place for sows but poorly adjusted

• Shade cloth blocking 50% of the ventilation

• No ridge vent

• Trees and tin blocking the lagoon end of the farrowing house, with shade cloth and equipment blocking the other end

• Restricted feed to weaners and growers, should be ad libitum

• Bad mange in growers

• Open drains, potential for spread of enteric diseases

• Dry sows had sprinklers but the sidewalls were blocked with shade cloth

• Dry sows had a water trough which would allow for oral vaccination (feed back) of sows

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Trang Due (Hai Phong Province) - Farm 5 (206 sows moving to 250 sows) this is a govt run farm CONTROL FARM

General Comments on farm visit 1 st October 2006

• Sucker pigs had a high level of scour with most litters having diarrhoea somewhere between

7 and 19 days They do not use Baycox

• Most crates do not have a good creep area

• We counted 130 dry sows This with the sows in the farrowing house gives a total of around

170 sows The farm reputedly has 200

• Supposedly having problems with Salmonella and hog cholera One pig was euthanased for autopsy Main findings were bronchopneumonia, splenic infarct, enlarged oedematous large intestine that contained fluid contents Suspect oedema was due to low blood protein,

complicated by hog cholera The preliminary diagnosis by NIVR was Salmonellosis

Samples collected for laboratory testing

• The second site across the road, which originally had exotic breeds, now has Moncais

• Weaners/growers – a total of 84 pigs were observed Where are the rest of the pigs? There should be at least 1200

• Overall this farm has excellent facilities but they are being grossly under utilised

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Farrowing Shed – old

• Shed north-south orientation

• Temperature - 34.5°C

• Heat Index - 43.5°C

• Relative Humidity - 57.0%

• 28 crates available with 14 crates occupied

• Ridge vent covered

• Two fans

• Blinds partly down

• Water pressure was good

• Sow respiration rates 100 (sow 37°C) and 180 (sow 38°C), floor (31°C), slats (35.6°C)

Farrowing Shed - new

• Sow respiration rates 100-120 (sow 38°C), floor (30°C), slats (32°C)

Comments

• Post mortem on 2 pigs Pig 1 had pneumonia score of 55%, enlarged reddened spleen and ulcers near ileo-caecal valve The second pig had 25% of the lung affected by pneumonia and ulcers near ileo-caecal valve and spiral colon

• Sows in crates equal to 100 sow piggery not 206 sows

• Sow feeders empty, need to ad lib feed to lactating sows, weaners and growers

• Lift the shade cloth blocking ventilation in the farrowing house

• Water cooling of gestating and lactating sows

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Anh Tinh (Hai Phong Province) – TEST FARM (150 sows) (son in sydney)

General Comments on farm visit 1 st October 2006

Drippers were in use

Ventilation was good but the side openings were 25% obstructed by the blue blinds which were not fully opened up

The creep areas were covered and had matting on the floor

No E.coli vaccine used but gives Baycox at days four

There was no scouring seen in the suckers, which looked good

The air quality in the weaner room was compromised because one side of the shed was

completely blocked by a blue blind preventing cross ventilation

Similar poor ventilation applied to both growers and finishers The temperature in this area was 31°C with a heat index of 35°C Whilst the weaners can cope with a heat index of 35°C this would have a negative impact on growers and finishers feed intake The optimum temperature for this age group of pigs is 18-20°C

The biggest problem regarding the blinds is the detrimental effect on the air quality

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• This farm seems to be doing quite well except for the coughing in the growers and finishers which could be alleviated by improving the cross ventilation and changing to a two shot Mycoplasma vaccine They should also consider pulse medicating I week in every 4

• Sows fed twice a day 6-7 kg/sow

• Sow with 15 piglets and 14 active teats, another with 14 piglets and 14 active teats

• Most sows had litters with 10-12 piglets

• Respiration rate for one sow was 33 and another ~90, most were OK

Piglet

• 17 day scour problem

Farrowing Shed

• Drip cooling system good

Comments

• Lime floor, sheds very clean

• Blue shade cloth blocking ventilation

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Minh Duong (Ha Tay Province) - Farm 7 (100 sows)-CONTROL FARM

General Comments on farm visit 4 th October 2006

The shed had good ventilation

Ten sows had farrowed and five were still to farrow

There were dedicated creep areas with lamps These require some bentonite when there is a scour present

Piglets are scouring around 12 days of age Piglets are treated with amoxyl and colistin Scour does not respond therefore need to consider viral cause Samples collected by nivr

Dry sow shed

Good ventilation A number of sows are claimed to have a discharge Three animals were swabbed Suggested to top dress the feed of affected animals with 2 grams of tetracycline per day for three weeks

A number of sows have abrasions of the sole of the feet This could be due to the floors of the gestation stalls Suggested they top dress the feed of affected animals with 2 grams of tylosin for two weeks

Weaner/grower shed

Good ventilation Lamps present in the weaner section Diarrhoea in weaners ten days post weaning We took samples and suggested Apramycin in either feed or water for the first two weeks post weaning and individually treat scouring animals with amoxycillin + colistin (what ever they had in the shed)

Also coughing and conjunctivitis present in weaners Suggested adding 400ppm of

chlortetracycline to all weaner rations M.hyopneumoniae given to the sows two weeks

pre-farrow Piglets are vaccinated at 7 and 21 days of age Suggested they stop vaccinating the sows

and give the fist M.hyopneumoniae with Baycox at 4 days Hog cholera vaccine to piglets at 35

& 60 days of age and sow at weaning This might need revision in light of the possible hog cholera present in the weaner pigs

General comment

This is a well-designed farm and the owners are keen to make improvements

Use Dectomax 1% in 50 ml bottles @190,000VND

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