(Tiểu luận) contrastive analysis between english and vietnamese articles ( an assignment on introduction to language )

Objectives of the study Trang 5 ▪ Studying the syntactic and stylistic devices of English and Vietnamese newspaper; ▪ Contrastively comparing the newspaper of the two languages syntact

ACADEMY OF JOURNALISM AND COMMUNICATIONS

Faculty of Foreign Languages

Contrastive analysis between English and Vietnamese articles

( An assignment on Introduction to Language )

By : Nguyen Huong Anh Supervisor: PhD Nguyen Thi Huong

HANOI, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART A: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

2 Objectives of the study

3 Methods of the study

4 Design of the study

5 Sources of articles

PART B : THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1 Adjectival clause

1.1 Definition

1.2 Types of adjectival clause

1.3 Adjectival clause in English

1.4 Adjectival clause in Vietnamese

2 Adverbial clause

2.1 Definition

2.2 Types of adverbial clause

2.3 Adverbial clause in English

2.4 Adverbial clause in Vietnamese

3 Noun clause

3.1 Definition

3.2 Types of noun clause

3.3 Noun clause in English

3.4 Noun clause in Vietnamese

4 Stylistic devices

4.1 Definition

4.2 Types of Stylistic devices

4.3 Stylistic devices in English

4.4 Stylistic devices in Vietnamese

PART C: RESULTS

1 Adjectival clause

1.1 Adjectival clause in English

1.2 Adjectival clause in Vietnamese

2 Adverbial clause

2.1 Adverbial clause in English

2.2 Adverbial clause in Vietnamese

3 Noun clause

3.1 Noun clause in English

3.2 Noun clause in Vietnamese

4 Stylistic devices

4.1 Stylistic devices in English

4.2 Stylistic devices in Vietnamese

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

APENDIX

1 Rationale of the study

It is undeniable that our country has been moving towards globalization and trade liberalization To be successful, we have opened to welcome foreign investment for many years and now we still need to continuously understand the political and economic situations of other countries In such a situation, information has played a vital role up to now Newspapers are one of the most popular means of transmitting information which has attracted a great number

of readers

Conventionally, it is believed that newspapers have more readers than

any other kind of written text According to Van Dijk (1986:156), "for most citizens, news is perhaps the type of written discourse with which they are confronted most frequently" Reading newspapers in English, in fact, has

always been an interest of English learners Newspapers are everywhere but how to read in an easy way to understand is still a problem Moreover, as teachers of English, how to teach students to translate, to write and to understand English press in an effective way is really a big question The key to ease the difficulty of this special genre lies on the comparison between foreign and native languages (Connor, 1996) Thereby, this study is conducted to investigate the similar and different features in the newspaper headlines of English and Vietnamese languages From the findings, I hope partly to guide Vietnamese learners and teachers of English towards the effective way of mastering English

2 Objectives of the study

In the light of Contrastive Analysis, this study attempts to contrast English and Vietnamese newspaper, which concentrates on the following objectives:

▪ Studying the syntactic and stylistic devices of English and Vietnamese newspaper;

▪ Contrastively comparing the newspaper of the two languages

syntactically and stylistic devices to identify noun phrases, semantic roles, subordinate clause between them;

▪ Drawing out the practical applications in English language teaching and translation

3 Methods of the study

In the thesis, the main methods used are description and contrastive comparison of the two languages in newspaper headlines including:

▪ Describing the syntactic and stylistic devices in the English and Vietnamese articles

▪ Contrastively comparing those features in English and Vietnamese newspaper with concrete contrasting techniques, namely, analysis and statistics

4 Design of the study

This thesis consists of three parts:

Part A is the introduction which shows the reasons why the topic is

chosen, what the study aims at as well as some outlook on methodology

Part B consists the findings from the 10 articles about their stylistic

devices and syntactic

Part C is the conclusion which presents the recapitulation of the study,

the limitations of the study and some suggestions for further researches

5 Sources of articles

- https://tuoitre.vn/ - Source for Vietnamese articles

- https://www.theguardian.com/international - Source for English articles

PART B: THERETICAL BACKGROUND

1 Adjectival clause

1.1 Definition

- An adjectival clause (also called an adjective clause or relative clause) is

a dependent clause that acts as an adjective

1.2 Types of adjectival

- There are 2 types of adjectival clause:

• Essential Adjectival Clause:

An essential (also called restrictive) adjectival clause specifies the noun

or pronoun that it modifies

• Nonessential Adjectival Clause:

A nonessential (also called non-restrictive) adjectival clause describes the noun or pronoun that it modifies

1.3 Adjectival clause in English

❖ “The restaurant they opened a month ago is already closed down.”

➔ The adjective clause they opened a month ago adds more information to the

noun restaurant It adds essential information by helping to specify the restaurant

❖ “My old guitar, which I thought was completely broken, can actually still play nicely ”

➔ The adjective clause which I thought was completely broken adds

Discover more from:

So sánh thời đại “Người con gái Nam Xươ

“Những ngôi sao xa xôi

nonessential information to the noun guitar The clause is nonessential because it explains the guitar further, but doesn't help us identify the specific guitar

1.4 Adjectival clause in Vietnamese

❖ Anh bỏ dở công việc giữa chừng như vậy là không nên

➔ Trong đó, mệnh đề phụ là “Anh bỏ dở công việc giữa chừng” bổ sung ý nghĩa cho chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính

❖ “Cô gái mà tôi gặp hôm qua rất thân thiện và cởi mở.”

➔ The clause “ tôi gặp hôm qua “ is essential because “ cô gái “ is unknown,

it helps to specify that person

❖ ” Anh Trần Tuấn, anh làm cùng cậu ý, đã có người yêu chưa á ?”

➔ The clause “ anh làm cùng cậu ý” is nonessential since the name is mentioned specifically before

2 Adverbial clause

2.1 Definition

- An adverbial clause, sometimes referred to as an adverb clause, is a group

of words that, together, functions as an adverb This means that the clause describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb Unlike other types of clauses, an adverbial clause is always a dependent clause This means that it cannot stand on its own as an independent sentence 2.2 Types of adverbial clause

- Adverbial clauses come in many different forms Each of these forms is characterized by the nature of the information the clause is

communicating:

• Adverbial clauses of manner:

An adverbial clause of manner describes how the action described

in the sentence’s main clause is taking place or previously took

• Adverbial clauses of place:

Adverbial clauses of place describe where the action in a sentence’s main clause takes place

• Adverbial clauses of condition:

With an adverbial clause of condition, you can communicate the conditions related to the verb, adverb, or adjective in the sentence’s main clause

• Adverbial clauses of reason:

Adverbial clauses of reason tell us the reason for the action being

taken in the sentence’s main clause These clauses generally use

subordinating conjunctions like because, unless, and since

• Adverbial clauses of time:

Adverbial clauses of time communicate when the action in a sentence takes place

• Adverbial clauses of purpose:

Like adverbial clauses of reason, adverbial clauses of purpose frequently involve subordinating conjunctions These two kinds of clauses can look similar, but they have one key difference: While adverbial clauses of reason give the reason why something is happening, adverbial clauses of purpose explain the reason to take

a specific action

• Adverbial clauses of comparison:

Adverbial clauses of comparison are clauses that communicate how the subject of the dependent clause compares to the subject in the main clause There are two types of adverbial clauses of comparison: adverbial clauses of comparison of degree and adverbial clauses of comparison of manner

• Adverbial clause of concession:

In an adverbial clause of concession, the writer acknowledges or admits a factor that modifies the main clause

2.3 Adverbial clause in English

❖ We studied all night so we would pass the exam

➔ We would pass the exam is the adverbial clause of purpose

❖ We expected the afternoon class to perform better on the test than the morning class did

➔ Than the morning class did serves as the adverbial clause of comparison

2.4 Adverbial clause in Vietnamese

- các mệnh đề được liên kết với nhau bằng quan hệ bình đẳng Loại câu này có thể được nhận biết nhờ các dấu hiệu hình thức sau đây: 1) liên t liên h ừ ợp [như: và, nhưng, song, rồ i, còn, hay (là), ho c (là), mà, ặ

vả (lại), nào (là)… nào (là)];

2) quãng ngh khi nói, ho c các d u ng t m ỉ ặ ấ ắ ệnh đề (dấu ph y, d u hai ch m) ả ấ ấ khi vi t ế

• Quan hệ liệt kê/ nối tiếp:

VD: Nó kêu, nó la, nó rên, nó khóc, nó giả giãy chết, nó nằm lăn

ăn vạ

• Quan hệ giải thích:

VD: Tôi đùa chơi đấy chứ, anh tưởng tôi mê con Dung lắm à?

• Quan hệ bổ sung:

VD: Tôi không nói, mà anh ấy cũng không nói

• Quan hệ tương phản/nhượng bộ:

VD: Cà có nhiều loại, nhưng vị cũng không khác gì nhau

• Quan hệ lựa chọn/so sánh

VD: Nó nghiện mùi xăng như người ta nghiện ma túy

❖ Cậu phát bóng nét hơn Minh Đức phát đấy

➔ Hơn Minh Đức phát đấy chính là mệnh đề trạng ngữ so sánh

3 Noun clause

3.1 Definition

- A noun clause gets its name because it is simply a clause that acts like a noun A clause is any group of words that contains both a subject and a verb

3.2 Types of noun clause

• Prepositional object

Nouns act as objects to prepositions like on, about, or for Together the preposition and its object form a prepositional phrase

• Predicate nominative

Predicate nominatives are nouns that follow linking verbs like be

or seem Instead of describing an action like other verbs, linking verbs describe the subject — the action is simply existing

3.3 Noun clause in English

❖ The chess player didn’t know if they could win

➔ If they could win serves as the direct object noun clause

❖ Look for open teammates; don’t just pass whoever is closest to the ball

➔ Whoever is closest to the ball serves the purpose as an indirect object noun

clause

3.4 Noun clause in Vietnamese

• Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính là một kết cấu chủ vị được danh từ hóa bằng các từ ngữ pháp Các từ dùng để danh từ hóa kết cấu chủ-

-vị gọi là chủ ngữ hình thức của mệnh đề chính

VD: Việc nó không đến là lỗi của anh

• Chủ ngữ có cấu tạo là một kết cấu chủ vị Đó là trường hợp mệnh

-đề chính không có chủ ngữ hình thức, còn kết cấu chủ vị nằm trọn trong chủ ngữ chính là mệnh đề phụ chủ ngữ

-VD: Gió thổi mạnh làm đổ cây cối

• Trong nhiều trường hợp, ta có thể chuyển đổi cấu tạo của hai loại câu trên bằng cách bổ sung thêm chủ ngữ hình thức hoặc loại bỏ chủ ngữ hình thức

VD: Thôi, tôi thăm cô Minh thế là đủ rồi / Thôi, việc tôi thăm cô Minh thế là đủ rồi

4.2 Types of stylistic device

a Stylistic inversion

- Inversion, also known as “anastrophe,” is a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed, in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter

h Rhetotical questions

- The author / speaker raises a question, but doesn't answer it directly as he/she sees the answer (usually Yes or No) as obvious Rhetorical

questions are used to provoke, emphasise or argue

4.3 Stylistic devices in English

❖ He’s no Prince Charming (Disney’s Beauty and the Beast)

➢ Double negative words - Litotes

❖ “Beauty is but a vain and doubtful good;

A shining gloss that vadeth suddenly;

A flower that dies when first it gins to bud;

A brittle glass that’s broken presently:

A doubtful good, a gloss, a glass, a flower,

Lost, vaded, broken, dead within an hour.” ( Shakespear )

➢ The phrase “dead within an hour” is placed at the very end, as it marks the climax of the fate of beauty, which he introduces as “a vain and doubtful good.”

4.4 Stylistic devices in Vietnamese

❖ Hắn ta đã làm đi làm lại công việc đấy đến mức phát ngán

➢ Làm đi làm lại is the stylistic devices of repetition

❖ Sáng nay, Harry được phân công quét dọn sảnh ăn, sau đó là chà cọ nhà vệ sinh, lau từng cây đũa phép một, ôi! Thật tội cho cậu ấy

➢ Enumeration is used in the underlined phrase

PART C: RESULTS

1 Adjectival clause

1.1 Adjectival clause in chosen English articles

X Essential clause Non essential clause

1 It was sort of the straw that broke

the camel’s back

➔ Give a whole meaning to

the idiom

Then followed critically acclaimed turns on Broadway in A View from the Bridge, as well as in Jonathan Glazer’s Under the Skin and Spike Jonze’s Her (in which she replaced Samantha Morton)

➔ The actress’s name has been displayed specifically

series, which has been in the works since at least 2021, has provoked mixed reactions among fans of the Potter universe

executive-produced all eight of the Harry Potter feature films (released between 2001 and 2011), is also in talks to executive-produce

14

1.2 Adjectival clause in chosen Vietnamese articles

X Essential clause Nonessential clause

1 Cũng từ đây, ngườ i mẹ tồi của The

Good Bad Mother đã bắt đầu hành

trình “nuôi lại” đứa con trai mà bà đã

từng nuôi l n nhi ớ ều năm trướ c

Hà kh c là th ắ ế nhưng khi biế t con g p ặ tai n ạn, bà Young Soon đã chạ y v y ạ khắp nơi từ tham d l kut c a Shaman ự ễ ủ giáo đến d l ự ễ ở nhà th Tin Lành, nhà ờ thờ Công giáo và thậm chí là đi chùa để cầu xin cho c u con trai duy nh t, ni m ậ ấ ề

tự hào duy nh t c a bà mau chóng tr ấ ủ ở lại kh e m ỏ ạnh như xưa

2 High Evolutionary đã dùng đến

Adam Warlock - m t s n ph ộ ả ẩm đượ c

chính h n t o ra - v i nhi m v là b t ắ ạ ớ ệ ụ ắ

cóc Rocket và tiêu di t toàn b nhóm ệ ộ

vệ binh trong Guardians of the

Quốc là m t bài h ộ ọc điể n hình"

➔ In Vietnamese articles, the authors used multiple adjectival clauses, more than in English articles where adjectival clauses are not used frequently

15

2 Adverbial clause

2.1 Adverbial clauses in chosen English article

AC of condition

AC of reason

AC of concessi

on

AC of compariso

ns began

in 2013 when Xi visited the

US and met his then counterpa

rt, Barack Obama, and some online commenta tors seized

on their likeness to Pooh and Tigger

I also don’t care too much about whether

Ke Huy Quan is

‘categori sed’ as Vietnam ese or not

In an depth interview with Variety, the actor said she considere

in-d quitting the industry around

2011, after two coveted roles instead went to Emily Blunt and Sandra Bullock

Though the extende

d world

of Harry Potter – the books, films, theatre show and video games

— are worth an estimate

d $25bn (£20bn), Rowling

’s views

on transgen der rights have courted

Critics have largely delivered

a cold shower for the film, but family audiences eager for Easter entertain ment have attended

en masse anyway

on its Facebook page that

it was with

“great regret”

that the scheduled release of the film

March had been cancelled

2020 after the city was rocked by anti- governme

nt protests

AC of purpose

AC of concession

AC of comparison

đầu tiên khi

ghi tên vào

lạ

Đó là

lý do vì sao Cannes luôn thu hút những tên tuổi lớn, những ngôi sao hạng A tham

dự mặc

dù b ộ phim của h ọ

có tham gia tranh giải hay không

Bà Young Soon làm mọi thứ

vì cho rằng chỉ có học th t ậ giỏi và trở thành một công t ố viên mới là lối thoát duy nhất khỏi cái nghèo, thoát khỏi trang trại

chúng ta thấu c m ả với họ dù

họ đầy nhược điểm và khiếm khuyết

Chúng ta cần ch p ấ nhận những rủi

ro lớn hơn, với nh ng ữ

đề tài nặng

đô hơn khi

mở c a ử cho các đoàn phim nước ngoài quay t i ạ Việt Nam

hơn, bà Young Soon còn không cho cậu bé xem tivi hoặc không cho cậu bé mặc

ấm, ăn

no vì

bà cho rằng khi ăn

no s ẽ

Phần 3 của lo t ạ phim khép lại, để dải Ngân

hà m t ộ lần n a ữ lại m ở

ra

Đạ o di n ễ Phan Đăng

Di cho rằng trong tương lai, Việt Nam

sẽ là th ị trường tiềm năng được nhà sản xu t ấ lớn như Netflix nhắm t i, ớ

dù chưa phải là thị trường được ưu tiên

Đây là một tác ph m ẩ

về t ng l p ầ ớ lao động và những người yếu thế trong

xã h i, ộ như chủ đề ưa thích trong các phim trước đây của ông

21

mất t p ậ trung, ảnh hưởng đến việc học

tất c ả những

số ph n ậ

ấy điều hội t ụ lại nơi đây, cùng nhau vượt qua nghịch cảnh bằng chính

sự đồng cảm, yêu thương

và tình bạn

Đó là chưa

kể nh ng ữ đạo diễn thường xuyên có

Cannes vì phong cách làm phim ki u ể

"tác gi " ả luôn được

ưa thích ở LHP này, như Wes Anderson với b ộ phim d thi ự Asteroid City hay Todd Haynes v i ớ

May December

X NC as direct object NC as predicative nominate

1 Johansson also discussed taking

on Disney when she sued them

during the pandemic for failing

to release Black Widow

theatrically

Hong Kong’s Office for Film,

Administration told Reuters that it had issued a certificate of approval to the applicant

Facebook page that it was with “great regret”

page brought up a message saying ticketing was temporarily unavailable

said he had grown up watching Yeoh on-screen and was one of many who tuned in to the ceremony

23

2.2 Noun clauses in chosen Vietnamese articles

1 Yếu tố thu hút giúp giữ chân khán

giả của The Good Bad Mother nằm ở

chỗ kịch bản mới lạ

Hirokazu Kore-eda - đạo diễn người Nhật từng đoạt giải Cành cọ vàng năm 2018 cho Shoplifters, là gương mặt thường xuyên nhất tại Cannes trong 2 thập niên qua - mang đến bộ phim mới nhất - Monster

2 Tất cả mọi thứ hắn làm chỉ phục vụ

cho mục tiêu trở thành "Chúa trời",

kiến tạo nên một thế giới hoàn hảo

chỉ dành riêng cho một chủng loài

siêu việt

➔ There is a huge difference between the chosen Vietnamese articles and English ones, Vietnamese ones don’t have any preposition so they don’t use prepositional object NC Otherwise, both Vietnamese and English ones don’t use much Noun clause

3 Stylistic devices

4.1 Stylistic devices in English

question Quan’s identity as Vietnamese, saying his parents were

of Chinese descent and that he had left Vietnam for the US at a young age