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Untitled Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Transcript Listening Actual Test Vol 1 Academic English (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any[.]

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Transcript Listening Actual Test Vol 1

Academic English (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội)

Transcript Listening Actual Test Vol 1

Academic English (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội)

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Transcript Listening Actual Test Vol 1

Test 1

CLERK:Good morning,ma’am,and welcome to “Austalia’s Moving Experience”!How can Ihelp you?

WOMAN:WellI hope you can help me.’m so up in the airrghtnow

CLERK:ustcalm down,now.Letme guess ou’re moving and ihasou a lte

confused

WOMAN:That’ exactl.You see,’m relocating to the United Statesnextmonth and

Im having a hard tme gettng organised

CLERK:Here,loutourname and addressand letme askyou a few questons.Oh,whathould Icallou?

WOMAN:Myname i ane,ane Bond

CLERK:OK,ane,rtofallwhat’s yourworkphone number? In case Ihave any

questonsabouthings

WOMAN:Myworkphone is 94635550.Butplease tynoto callme too often there.Mybosshatespersonalcall

CLERK:So doesmine,ma’am,o doesmine.And whataddressshould we ship your

thingso?

WOMAN:Mynew company ettng me say temporari at509 ClarkHouse,hat’C-LA-R-K,1137 UniverstDrie in Seatte

CLERK:Seatt? Beautiuli,Ihear.Mountainsightbeside the ocean,almostCooler

than Austalia,oo.OK,and when should we come packourhings?

WOMAN:guess thatwould be on Monday,March 11th

Do you wantanyhelp with an after-packing cean-up? We do thatora smalladditonal

Wellyou do thinkofeveryhing!Oh,how much ihisgoing to cost

Here ia ltofourbasiprices

Oh dear,thisseemsatherexpensie!

Yesma’am,butou’re paying forhe bestWe’re carefuland we’re fastLike we say,the onlything we breakare speed recordsgettng you moved

Well.maybe that’ o Oh,nearlorgoto tellou.don’twantmyurniture shipped

with me.won'tbe looking foran apartmentiafterarrve in Ameria.Would ibe

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possble to putmyurniture in sorage here fora month,hen have isentalong later?

Ofcourse,we do thatallhe tme.A couple ofotherhings

Here atA Moving Experience”,we tyto packourhingsogicall.We don’tjustthrow

suff in boxes

Do you have anypecialequest? You know,hingsou wantpacked in some special

place,o you know where to find them?

Like what?

Oh,don’tknow Thingske dishesmaybe.Noto be rude,butou lookke a ladywholeso eat

Ahhh!Yes,Ineed mydishesand thingswhere Ican find them quickly

Great.We'lputhose dishesand cutleryin whatwe callhe emergencypack.Can you

thinkofanything els?

Ummm,do have an antique tea kette mygreat-grandmothergave mymother.I

wouldn’twanto lose that.So Iguess you’d betterputhatn sorage with the furniture

Grandma’s tea kette with the furniture,got!Say,how abouthingske youralarm

cock? You don’twanto mis ourplane on the big day,rght?

Wellyou certainlythinkofeveryhing!Yes,that’ ight.Ilalso need myalarm cockwhere Ican find i

Fine,we’lputhatn yourpersonalpackage.And ofcourse,we'lgive you a ltofwhere

we packeveryhing.So,allou’lhave to do on Thursday,the 14th igrab youruggage

on yourway outhe door.Um,couldn’thelp notiing the new CD playerou’re carring

Is thata Samsung?

Why? Yes,ii.One ofheirbestCostme nearla hundred dollars did!

Do you wanto take specialare of? Imean isbrand new

Take care of,butnothing special.You can justput n sorage with the furniture

Thatooksle everyhing we need here.guessyou’re allet

Thatwasertainlyquick.Thankou,oung man.Thishasbeen a mostmoving

be both simulating and informatie

Immediatelyafterwards,at10:30,here wilbe a presentation ofpapersbyarious

delegates.That,however,wiltake place in the Garden Room on the ground floor.Iou

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don’tyetnow,he Garden Room ialso called the Balloom,and we’lbe gathering at

the westend,he sightly raised area called Level2.ustlookorhe cowd.fyou get

the sand fora reasonable price

Isronglyurge you,however,to join usathe formalunch.Thatwon’tbe tlone o’cock

sharp,o you have tme to srollaboutown a bitWe’lbe eating athe Sea View

Restaurant.The restaurant ocated rghthere in the hotel,on the top floor.I’s a good dozen flghtsoftair,so Isuggestyou take the lton the ground floor,eh? I ou’re not

fond ofsh,here ian allou-can-eatbarbecue available aswellTheyeven offerwallabymeat!

Afterunch,we’ltoop backdownstair o Level2 in the Balloom forhe presentation of

furtherpaperswhich wilbegin at2:00 p.m.Please tyto be on tme.know you’lbe a

bitted afterunch,buthe Balloom echoeso with people coming in late.Thankou iadvance

Once we’ve heard the paperswe’lbreakorafternoon tea at3:10 p.m.No need to walkThe managerofhe refreshmenttand hasgraciouslagreed to have tea served

in the Balloom.He’seven promised usome specialcones,baked fom a recipe ofhisdearold Scotth grandmother

Then,ea being drunkand scones munched,we’lretie here to the Main Hallorome

cosing remark and questons.So,by5:00 we should have the conference wrapped up.Buthe fun in’tover!ThisiAustalia mates!We’lbe flocking to the hotel’own Palm Lounge on the eastsde ofhe foyeroran informaleception.You can relax,mingle

with the otherdelegates,and letourhairdown a bitThiswilrun fom 5:10 to 6:10,

though you’re fee to say asong asou le.The lounge managerhasnformed me

that,forhe duration ofhe actualeception,ou can have allyou-can-drinkbeeror

$20.00 with purchase ofan advance tcket

And,es,tcketscan be purchased fom anyonference organiserorathe fontdeskanytme between now and the sartofhe reception

Isuggestyou come byomorrow evening to pickup the tckets snce the conference hallonlyholds800 people.Thatway,you can also getourourney planned ahead ofme and be sure noto mis histulymemorable conference ou wantcocktail,however,

Im sorr.You’lhave to payorhose athe regularprice

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Oh mygoodness!Speaking ofpaying, ee Iforgoto tellou a couple ofhings.The

fis aboutunch.The charge forhe lunch wilbe $15.00 forallou delegates.Iou have guests with you,he costi$25.00 forhe generalpubli,and $6.50 forhildren underhe age of10.That’ feen dollarseach,nototaloreveryone!Anotherem iabouthe lunch menu erymuch urge you to tythe fih.mean,ookathe

restaurant’name:Sea View.Ashe name suggest,iis a famouseafood restaurant.The chef a Basque fom Spain,and he reallgetsquite putoutwhen people ignore

hisfih specialtesorburgersorbarbecue.ffih in’tyourhing though,r he seak

he makes an exquiste Filetmignon topped with bleu cheese and mushrooms

Finall,iyou’d le to buya tcket,you can have both lunch and the unlimited beeror

$35.00.Ishould have mentioned thatearler,butam a bitforgetful.Maybe Ishould

avoid the beerafterhe conference,eh?

WellIe said mybitAre there anyquestons?

Hello are you ProfessorVan Diezen?

Yes,Iam.And who mightou be?

Oh!Sorr,myname iTina.’m a feshman here.Theyold me Ishould askyou foradvie in choosing courses

Wellthat’partofwhat’m here for.Please come in and stdown.Now,whatare yourquestons?

I almostdon’tknow!Everyhing i o confusing!Like what a “pecialied course”?

Oh,easyA specialied course ione that compulsorymeaning isa requirementor

yourmajorand regular,so you can’tplace outbyaking a proficencyexam

Thatoundspretty srct.Then whatare allhese generalcourses? Iseem to have to

take so many

Nothing to be alarmed over.These are courses open to alltudents and notdirectl

related to yourmajor.The universtoffersthese generalcourseso choose so thatou can become more wellrounded indivdualsForexample, ee you’re a Micobiologymajor.So imightbe a good idea to take some lerature orhisorycourseso thatou can know something besides allcence

You mean these coursesare,ke,orun?

Thatmightbe one way to lookattbutdon’ttellhe lerature professoruch a thing.Thinkofa generalourse ashe opposie ofa specied course.A specied course ione thatpertainsdirectlo yourmajor

So can Itake anyMicobiologycourse Iwant?

Let’s see.Oh,hose courses used to be open to MicobiologytudentsonlyThe good

thing i,now isopen to sudentson a flexible shedule,o isnotonlyforulltme

sudentsSo the answer es,iyou have the instuctor’permision.May askyou

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whyou chose Micobiology?

WellIalso le plain old Biology,too.You know,ullied animals mighteven become

a veterinarian.Could Itake some Biologylasses?

Welltheyare open to fulltme sudentsonly,which Ibelieve iwhatou are.don’tknow how a feshman would getalong with Micobiology,though.mean,mostofhe

sudentspresentlooking into iare fom off-campus

Off-campus?

Yes,you know,people who use iin theirworkathospitalsaboratories,even a polie detectie.Whydid you choose Micobiology,iImay ask? Idon’tthinkou quite

answered that

Welleventuall wanto be a doctor.Ateastmydad tellme so

I may ayo,oung lady,you seem a lte uncertain

Sti,Ithinkhatmightbe a good idea fora career.Ofcourse, ou're thinking aboutbeing eithera doctorora vet,you should take some MedicalScience cassesbefore

you even thinkofapplyng to med shool

Great!Whathould Itake

There ione smallproblem.The new MedicalSciences building iunderconstuction,

so there are no experimentalacitesavailable untinextyear.Im afraid you'lhave to waitButdon’tforgeto take those coursesathe fisopportunit!

Oh,bummer.I here anyothercourse you'd recommend foromeone le me?

Wellsnce you seem to le animalshave you everhoughtaboutooking into

EnvionmentalScience?

No,nevereallhoughtabout before.siworthwhil?

Quite!n fact,isthe fastestgrowing subjecton thiscampus

Im sorr,Icouldn’thelp notiing the long ltoflasses you’ve wrien outhere.May Ihave a look?

sophomore year.Ithink’d putoff Computing,oo ecommend to allreshmen that

talkto to gethe compulsoryMathematicsoutofhe wayasearlaspossible,o take

thatone.’be one lessdifficultcourse you have to focuson when the sience lab opensnextyear,and you have to catch up on casses le LaboratoryTechniques.Yourmajoralso requiresStatitcso you have to balance two Mathslasses,and no doubt

you should take that.Otherwise,getourequired Medicne course outofhe way by

taking something theorybased

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Oh,ofcourse and yourEnvionmentalScience cassiyou’re interested.The otherscanwaithough IthinkComputing idefinitelya good idea,even though isnotequired.

see too,on yourpaperhere,ou seem to have had high mark on the entrance exam.Uhhh,eah.guess so

Don’tbe shy!Have you thoughtaboutapplyng fora sholarship?

Do theyhave any? Imean,mydad ialways complaining abouthow much money

Ilhow you how to apply

Great,and thanks

We’ve been talkng abouthoosing building materialsin the lastweek.Now,a greatmanyactorsinfluence the choice ofbuilding materialsYou can’tmake a house ofcards,rght? And “people who le in glass houses and allhat Anyhow,oday’d

le to say a few wordsaboutooring

Some artcalmaterialscan be used,ke plast ornstance,which offermixed

blessngswhen used asa flooring surface.On the one hand,plast heaperhan nearlanyotheralternatie,hortofbare ground.Plast also doesnotwarp le wood

On the otherhand,he bestthatan be said aboutplast hattlooksle”wood or

sone.However,icannoteplace the realmaterialsAs have mentioned,’m fiing up anew house.The decoratormywife hired told me,Plast does a greatob ofooking

exactl ke plast.Besides,isratcheseasi,fadesordiscoloursand sarts cacking

within a yearorwo.So, ou’re fitng outa seazy hotelorplan to le in a tailerpark

go with the plast.Reall,though,orallntentsand purposes,thisleavesuswith wood

ortone ashoicesorooring

Stone and wood are alie in ateastone respect:both go through processng before

theycan be puto use.Since few ofusutourown lumberorquarrourown sone,his

inotperhapsa pressng concern.Sti,do-iyourselferswould do wello remembero buyonlyproperly seasoned wood.Unseasoned wood warpsand a warped floorquicklybecomesrewood (and i ownerquicklybecomes poorer)Likewise,exceptordullhued materialsle sate orandstone,mostsone floorsare polihed before installation.The choice goeswellbeyond justwood ortone -each tpe requiresmanyurther

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considerations.A few specialemark are called forwhen considering wood,or

example.Asalwaysaesthetics,personalaste,and layoutallplayolesaswellashe

tpe ofhouse oroom.Oh,and certainlydon’tforgethe costWhen icomes to costa

rule ofhumb ihathe softerand lessexotihe wood,he lowerhe costn the US,

fornstance,pine iboth ubiquitousand cheap.Mahogany mported and exorbitantl

expensie.fyou’re on anykind ofbudgetwhen remodeling,’s reallhelpfulo

remembero go forhe softerwoods

Aside fom costhere are siots ofdifferentactorsthatare importantn choosing the bestflooring forhe job.Continuing with the example ofwood,one mustconsiderhe effectsofeach tpe ofwood on the mood ofhe room.When selecting the bestwood to

use,partularattention needso be paid to is grain patterns,exture,and colour.In

roomswhere relaxation ordeep thought he aim -saybedroomsorhe sudy dark

srong grained woodsare the rule

Here the grain oughto match the furniture fora feeling ofhomogeneit.In roomswhereactii and motion are tpical he dining room orvng room -lghter,finer-grained

lumber more suitable

In such a settng,he wood grain mightbe usefuln offering a contrastto the furniture.Thisleadso a feelofubconscousexctement,in keeping with the room’s functon

In eitherase,hough,consulta decorator.I a decorator’ob to know whatmaterials

to use to fi he function ofhe room.Though some thingsaboutputtng togethera room

are subjectie and based on one’s indivdualaste,materialsappropriate to a room’s

function are much more sraightforward.A decoratorakeshe needsofhe customerand usesa mathematialormula,atherhan subjecte words.Since feelingsaryfomperson to person,erbaldesciptionsofwood tpesend to be ambiguous.You wanthewood you select,notomething approximate!And iyou do decide to do iyourself

rememberhatallwood mustbe teated with preservatieso enhance i appearance and preserve i naturalbeauty

In the case oftone,orquarr ie”asat-utooring sone iproperlcalled,a new set

ofonsiderationsmustbe weighed up.Simple colouraside,he degree ofeflecton mustbe keptn mind.Thisicalled the “eflectance rate”,which iexpressed in a

numberbetween 0.0 and 1.0,depending on the amountofght eflects

Atone end ofhe scale ipolihed sler.Ata rating of1.0,hisshinyurface reflects nearlallofhe lghtdirected at.Numberscosero zero descibe materialsthat

absorb more lght.Moving down the scale a bitwe see the plast hathasbeen paintedwhite hasa rate of0.8,which makes sense.We know thathe colourwhite reflectsall

othercolourswhile blackabsorbsallcoloursand plast selfia relatielyreflecte material

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Materialsthatare denserand darkerhave reflectance ratesmuch cosero zero.The quarr le Imentioned a while ago hasa rate of0.1.Asou may know,quarr ie igeneralldarkbrown and made fom cay so iiquite dense.Ofcourse,here i

considerable variation among tpes ofquarr ie because ofhe hue orreatmentofhe

cay during i reation

Doesanyone have anyguesses aso whatmaterialsmayhave a rate ofalmost0.0? Wecan guess mostofhese materialsare blackn colour,butplast,wood,and even sone

reflectome lght.One materialwith a rate ofalmost0.0 is blackelvet.The texture

produces almostno shine atall

Carrara marble,despite i white hue, actuallowern reflectiiythan blackonyxn anyase,he facthatiesarysomewhathould notbe forgotten.A highlyreflectie

floorwould notbe suitable in a lbrary would be indispensable in a balloom (hould

yourhome be large enough to feature one).Again,a rule ofhumb ihatlghtmeanslely”.Since form and materialollow function,one should onlyuse the more reflectie materialsin roomswhere the cultation and expresson ofenergy mportant.Bearn

mind too thatmosttpesoftone costmore than allbuthe rarestofwoods

Ofcourse,here ino reason whyome roomsofa house should noteature wood

floorsorothertone tes.You can even mixthe two.A room with wood panelson the wall an have a beautiultone floor.Mybedroom haswhite birh walland a lghtblue

sate floor.The place looksle a Russan hunting lodge.Remember,though,go with whateelsrghtorou.Good taste and the “aws”ofnteriordesign are the

homeowner’ ervantsnothismaster.I’s onlybeautiulwhen you decide ii.Imean,

you’re the one who leshere,nothe decorator,rght? OK,are there anyquestons?

Test 2

Woman:Good morning.’e been looking atourholidays to Australia in yourbrochure

Im thinking ofgoing during the second halfofnextmonth

Man:Good morning.As you can see fom ourbrochure,we offera wide variety ofpackageso variousdestnationsn Australia.sthere anything in partularhatnterest

you?

Woman:Yes,myhusband and Iare veryinterested in the holidays in the Outback

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Man:These holidays are becoming increasingly popular.Would you le to arrange

flghts and accommodation with us,orustaccommodation?

Woman:Can you arrange flghtsfom Sydney?

Man:Certainly

Woman:OK,ights and accommodation then

Man:Right.You said thatou wanted to tavelnextmonth.Which date would you

prefer? Ishould pointouthathere are no daily flghtsavailable,o iyou have a flexible

ineraryhat’better

Woman:Wellwe arrve in Sydney on the 15tofApriand we were thinking ofravellng

to the Outbackon the 18tofAuguster Imean Apri

Man:OK.There’s only one flghtrom Sydney to Alie Springs on the 18t,so Ilbook

you on that.Ieaves at10 n the morning,which is quite convenient.ShallIbook two

seats forou?

Woman:Yes,please

Man:As forourtay in the Outback,you can see fom the brochure thatwe offerhreepackages -budget,sandard,and luxuryThe budgetpackage is about500 AustaliandollarsThe sandard package is about700 and the luxury one is approximately 1,000,

though idoes depend on exactly whatou would le regarding extas.Which onewould you prefer?

Woman:Wellwe can’tdecide between the budgetand sandard options

Man:Ah,wellactuall,justlooking atmycomputerhere,on the date thatou wanto fl

into Alice Springs,there is no sandard accommodation available.ts fully booked,’

afraid

Woman:That’s OK.We thinkhathe cheapestone should be fine forus.We don’tmind

roughing ifora few days and we don’texpecto be spending much tme athe modation.We preferhe outdoors

accom-Man:Right.Let’s look athe room options.Firtofallwould you prefera

non-smoking room?

Woman:Yes.Neitherofusmokes

Man:OK

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Woman:Oh,before Iforget,could you bookeveryhing in myhusband'sname,please

YMan:es,ofourse.Are you paying byreditcard?

Woman:Yes

Man:n thatcase,’need yourhusband’s name exactly as appearson the card

Woman:Ofcourse.ts John A.Smyth.That’Smyth with a “Y”

Man:ohn middle initalA” surname Smyth,S-M-Y-T-H.sthatcorrect?

Woman:Correct

Man:Thank you.’ustcheck the price.The room wilcost100 dollars a nightplus 10dollarstax,so 110 dollars pernightn total.IhatOK?

Woman:Yes,that’s fine.Bookusorhree nightsplease

Man:Mostofhe guests le to partipate in some specialactiies and tips while they

are saying in the Outback.I here anything thatnterests you and yourhusband?

Woman:Yes,there are severalhings we’d le to see and do.We’d definitely le to vst

the CulturalCentre

Man:Yes,that’s very popular.I’s within walking disance ofhe accommodation and is

fee.t also a greatplace to pickup souvenirofourrp

Woman:We were thinking aboutiing one ofhe nearbyarms

Man:There are two farms nearby -a sheep farm and a kangaroo farm.There is also anopportunit o rde camelsin the desertHave you rdden a camelbefore

Woman:No,buttsounds le fun.Could you give me some more details abouthe

kangaroo farm and the camelide?

Man:CertainlyThe kangaroo farm includes information on how the animals are raisedwhiltthe camelide provides information on desertflora and fauna.Which would you

prefer? You can arrange to see the kangaroos in the wild i ou le,atherhan on a

farm

Woman:Thatounds perfect.OK,we’lgo on the camelide and see the kangaroos i

theirnaturalhabitat

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Man:OK.’arrange thatorou orgoto mention thathe journey also includes a

sop ata place ofaboriginalartwork ts a place wellknown forts sone carvngs ofanimalsand mythicalreatures

Woman:Thatoundsgreat!Are the carvngsn the desert

Man:Ofcourse.That’whata tip to the Outback eallallabout

Woman:Yes.Now,how abouthe cost

Continuing our broadcast of public servce announcements, Worldwide Helpersannounces upcoming vacancies for a number of olunteer worker posions.Allappliants must meet the following requirements

Firtofallapplicants mustbe over18 years ofage.The company apologises,butherecan be no exceptions to this rule.Second,persons interested in these posions may nothave police records.Minorraffic offences le a parking tcketare,ofcourse,no

problem.But,and Iquote,pastand presentdrug users and sex offendersneed notapplyThe employerwilofourse,heck with the police to veriy yourlean record

In additon,appliants mustsupply referencesrom pastor presentemployers or

teachers along with theirrecentCV.These references musttesty as to the applicant’work habits and/or haracter.Remember,these are references fom employers or

teachersA note fom yourdearold Mum won’tdo.Worldwide Helpers assures me that

they will contact these references to confirm they are genuine

Although allposionsare volunteer,the employerwilreimburse some ofourexpenses.Forexample,heywilpay forransportation to and fom the job ste.Aside fom that,thecostofphone call covered

As forhe posions themselves,there are three tpes.The fis nvolves asssingpersons confined to wheelchair.Forhis posion,olunteers mustbe physcally fiand

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in excellenthealth.They mustbe able to ltateast150 pounds.They should also have

a currentFirtAid certcate fom the Red CrossButhe mostimportantequirement

thathe volunteermusthave his own car.On Tuesday afternoons,he volunteers take

theircients to variouscenicspotsaround the ct o experience and enjoynature

I ou don’tdrie,butou’d siie to getnvolved,he centre hasa numberofopenings

forpeople to read to the blind.Readers mustofcourse,ead Englih cearl.Persons

with no foreign accentare preferred.Forhese posions,you mustbe available onMonday mornings.Oh,wait ee a note here.There is one opening foromeone whocan read Urdu.Apparentl,there is a Pakitaniblind person who’d le to hearhis orhernatie language But the other posions are all in Englih

And finall,there are a lmited numberof olunteers needed to care fordisabled

children.'m sorr,buthe information Ie been given does notay how many children

orwhatdisabilies they have.n any case,ou are needed to care forhe children forone week in AugustApparentl,this wilbe athe cose ofhe summerholiday.Iwouldguess this involves helping them with the routine chores of daily lie.Again,olunteers forhis posion mustknow basic FirtAid,be in good health,and beable to ltup to 75 pounds

OK,ournextannouncements looking foromeone to “acitate”igerbreeding atheLondon Zoo.And,gethis ts a "tictly volunteer”posion.Thatmeans you don’tgetpaid!Oh myGod m sorr adiesand gentlemen,but usthave to laugh

DAVE:Are you justleaving the lbrarynow? Isaw you gethere at8:00 a.m.!

PETE:Yeah,’e been there allday

DAVE:Whator? Theyhired a cute new lbrarian oromething?

PETE:wish.No,’he presentation thatwilgive in EnvionmentalScience the day

afteromorrow

DAVE:What’s iabout? Iheard you were reallexcted abouthe cassAnd DrSchnee

also call ou forhe “arcane”questions,ashe callhem

PETE:ts aboutenvionmentaldamage in the Yucatan

DAVE:Excuse me,what? Or hatwhere

PETE:Yucatan.ts a sate in SoutheastMexico

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DAVE:So what’happening there

PETE:Agriulture ihaving a really adverse impacton the envionment.There are too manyarmersdoing too much farming.t ealldestoying the forests and ruining the

soilDeforestation ia majorproblem there now

DAVE:How did you learn abouthis? Idon’trecallDrSchnee saying anything about n

lecture

PETE:Yes,butmybrotherwenthere lastmonth,ou know,o lookathe old cteshe Maya IndiansbuilThat’s whatrtgotme interested

DAVE:YourbrotherTom?

PETE:No,Dick,Harr’win.Anyway,he told me how few teeshere were now and how much empty ground thatgrowsalmostnothing.He said the place looked more le

the desertthan jungle in some part.Ibroughtenvionmentaldamage.So Isarted

looking formaterialsin the lbraryHere,ookathismagazine

DAVE:What’s in i

PETE:ts an old isue ofNationalGeographic”.Includesntervews

with touritwho’ve been there in the pastfew years ts pretty bad.See the photos?

DAVE: ee the photos,butone orwo photosdon’tprove anything

PETE:Then read whathe artle saysRighthere.The fis hing ipoints out how

soilampleshow iihard foranything to grow there.tsays how an area of21,000

square klometreshasostmostofsforestin the pastten yearsSee,here are graphs

Ashe numberofarmersincreases,the acresoforesthave decreased.t an inverse

relation

DAVE:So how big ihattate? Im sorr,but’e nevereallearned the metrc

ssem

PETE:ts biggerhan the sate ofMassachusett!

DAVE:That’ hocking!Anything els?

PETE:There’s lotsofelse.Scientits say there’s a “growing area”ofabout10.5

square klometreswhere nothing can grow atallI’ ke the beginning ofa desert

DAVE:Oh yes.WhatDrSchnee called “desertcation”.But,whyan’tanything grow

there? Ie nevereall tudied soilhemisr

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PETE:’m justsartng to looknto thatubject,butmyiterMarie ia geologisand

she says the problem ihathe soilhasoo much saline,with no plantshelping to adjustthe chemisr.Apparentl,that’s a common problem with soilypeshroughout

areaswith rainforestOnce you lose the plantover,isdifficultto bring iback

Reforestation ialmostimpossble,even ithe land inotbeing used forotherpurposes

DAVE:Waita minute.What saline”?

PETE:Saline i altdisolved in water.Scientitwho’ve gone there have

taken measurements.Theydo thisbygathering a sample ofhe soiland running a

smple testthathowshe ionisation ofhe solution.The GeologyDepartmentn ourown universthaseviewed the soilathe ste,oo.They’e rght.tlooksprettbad.The levelofalinit going up.Buthe plantsthatwould solve thatproblem can’tbe

planted in soilie that.There ia narrow spectrum ofalinitn which the plantswil

grow

DAVE:And once you passthe threshold,here ino way to puthe problem rght?

PETE:Exactl.I’s possble thatno one can do anything to sop the tend now.All

because ofhuman greed!

DAVE:Waita second.How do you know these “centit”can be tusted? Whatind of

reputation do theyhave? Are they reliable

PETE:Oh they'e definitelyreliable.They include fourmembersofhe faculty fom the GeologyDepartmentighthere atMIT.Here,tudyhese photographs and checkhe damage yourselfThat’whatDrHorswho wrote thisbookhere did.He’snewly

appointed,butDrSchnee sayshe’sbriiant

DAVE:So,where are you going now?

PETE:’m headed overo the GeographyDepartmento borrow a map formy

presentation.You know,hiswhole problem could have been avoided!The farmersthere

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Good afternoon,and welcome to InsectBiology101.’d le to begin thiscourse with a

few remark aboutgood insectsand bad ones.Bugsare allaround usand that’s both a benefitand an annoyance -sometimesmaybe even seriousharm.Firtet’s talkabout

the good thingshatnsectsdo forus

Probablythe mostimportantnsectorhumans,and maybe forallotherfe, he bee.Beeshelp plantsin the process ofpollnation,and thusare necessaryto most

flowersand fuitproducing tees.That ,theyarrpollen fom “male”owersto

“emale”.I weren’tforbees,we’d have veryfew food plantsand no fuiteither.In fact,

there would be no "we”.No lessa thinkerhan AlbertEinstein pointed outhat,withoutbees,humanitwould be dead within a yearoressWe’d sarve.t hatimple.That

should maybe make ususta lte humble

A lte lessdramati he facthatbeesalso make the honeywe eat.Moreover,they

produce beeswax,which iusefuln candles and is also used asa fis-ate furniture polih.Sure,hese may notbe vtalo ourves,butheycan serve asemindersofhow

importantbees are.That’a point eep coming backo in thiscourse.Though,n all

fairness hould pointouthatbutterfles aid in pollnation aswellasbees

Now,here in Michigan,what’he worspartofummer? Yep,hat’s rghtmosquitoes.But’m talking abouthelpfulnsects ight? So let’s lookathe dragonflyfis.Ihere were no dragonflies,there would be even more mosquitoes!Dragonfliesmainly

eatmosquitoesand also a few othernsectsYes,that’s rght.Theydon’tjustfl around,and theyalso help to eliminate harmfulnsectsSo,he nexttme you see a dragonflydon’tyou dare kli

Now let’alka lte abouthose harmfulnsectsTake the mosquitoes ustmentioned

asan example.Noto many yearsago,mosquitoeshere in America weren’tjust

annoying.Some were even deadlyThey carred malaria and yellow fever.Myown ancestor,the Confederate Generalohn BellHood,ved through the worsbattesof

CivlWaronlyto die atage thiryeightrom yellow fever.A pestnota bullet!

Wellbesideshe mosquitoes,in summerhere ialso a kind ofnsecthatnevereems

ted.Right,that he fl.Before Igo on talking,mustmention an Afrcan fl alled the

Tsetse fl,which feedson blood and can cause seriousdiseases in the people and animalsthat bites.Besides,ii tla bearerofleeping sckness,which

affectsaround 300,000 people everyyearn Afrca and can be teated onlywith toxi

drugshatare hard to adminiser.Worse si,the drugsometimesdon’twork

Othernsectsofourse,destoyood cops.In China,ornstance,ocust ontinue to

be a dangero the harvestin some areas.Less important,buttlannoying,mothseatpeople’s cothesand dustmiteslowlydestoyarpetsWorse,buttln the home,

termitesorwhite antseatwood -the wood ofourhouse.ftheyare nottopped,hey

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can eventualldestoyhe whole building.Usuallhey seriousldamage a building before anyone even noticeshem.So,aswe allnow,nsects can be a realrouble.

Forome decadesn the Westo klinsectswith chemicalsseemed a good remedy.Unfortunately hemicalscan onlybe used in a lmited area fora lmited tme.t

a smallscale solution.The insects come back.Worse si,some ofhe poisonsused

le DDT were found harmfulo the envionment.Many kindsofwildlie,ke hawkswereharmed.And people in chemical-using ruralareashave one ofhe highestrates ofvercancern the world.t no secrethathe chemicalsremain harmfulo humans

Like allpecies,insectsadapto theirchanging envionmentsatan amazing rate.When

a new chemical ntroduced to theirhabitat,the insectsthaturvve are generallhe oneswith some way ofesitng the harmfuleffectsTheyhen breed with the other

survvorsand justle thatnsectsbecome resitanto mostpoison in a few

generations.An insectgeneration,emember,ia couple ofmonthsatmost

So,again we have to askwhato do? Wellthere are biologicalolutions.Some of

these are prett imple.One idestoying the insectshabitat.You take away theirhome

orood.Cleaning yourkithen ihe bestway to preventoaches.No garbage:no food.Gettng rd ofmarshesand swampseliminatesmosquitoes.Otherolutionsmight

include bringing in dragonfliesorbatsin areaswhere mosquitoesare many.Thisi

a cheaperalternatie to chemicalsBiologicalmethods le thisalso bring no exta pollution to the envionment.Butou have to be careful.Iou change the envionment

too much,ou mightbe hurtng otherormsoffe accidentall

One recentmethod ofcontrollng insectpopulationsnvolves interrupting theirbreeding

cce.Whatdoeshatmean? Imeansbirh controlorbugs”nsectsare provided with

food thatmakeshem unable to reproduce.Since theyan’thave babies,the population

disappearsornearl o.And snce no young are born,esitance inota problem with

no young insectsdeveloping increased resitance

Interrupthe le cce,eliminate the bug!ts cearhatwe musthave an undersanding

ofhe le cce ofhe insect.Ateasthat’he plan.We’lgo into more detailashiscourse goesalong.Now Iwilsop here to see whetherou have anyquestonsornot

Test 3

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Woman:Good morning.’e been looking atourholidays to Australia in yourbrochure.