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Trang 1UNIT 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE VOCABULARY
1 Antibiotic /,æntibai'ɒtik/ (n) thuốc kháng sinh (a) kháng sinh
2 Bacteria /bæk'tiəriə/ (số nhiều) vi khuẩn (số ít bacterium))
3 Balanced /'bælənst/(a) cân bằng, cân đối balance (n,v)
4 Cut down on : cắt giảm)
5 Diam)eter /dai'æm)itə[r]/ (n) đường kính
6 Disease /di'zi:z/ (n) bệnh, bệnh tật = sickness (n) = illness(n) = ailm)ent /'eilm)ənt/
7 Energy /'enədʒi/ sinh lực, nghị lực, năng lượng
8 Exam)ine /ig'zæm)in/ xem) xét, nghiên cứu, khám) bệnh, kiểm) tra (trình độ, kiến thức…)
9 Fitness /'fitnis/ (n) sự m)ạnh khỏe, sự sung sức
fitness for som)ething (to do som)ething): sự phù hợp, sự thích hợp
10 Food poisoning (n) ngộ độc thức ăn
17 Nutrient (n) /'nju:triənt/ /'nu:triənt/ chất dinh dưỡng
18 Organism) /'ɔ:gənizəm)/ sinh vật, thực thể sống
19 Press-up: động tác chống đẩy
20 Properly (adv) /ˈprɑːpɚli/ m)ột cách điều độ, hợp lí
21 Recipe /'resəpi/ cách nấu nướng, công thức chế biến (m)ón ăn, bánh trái…)
22 Regular /'regjulə[r]/ đều, đều đặn
[as] regular as clockwork: đều đặn như m)ột cái m)áy [đồng hồ]
23 Spread /spred/ (n) sự truyền bá, sự lan truyền
spread one's wings: tung hoành; m)ở rộng phạm) vi hoạt động; m)ở trộng phạm) vi quan tâm)
24 Star jum)p (np) : động tác nhảy dang tay chân
25 Strength (n) /streηθ/ sức m)ạnh, sức
from) strength to strength:thành công ngày càng tăng
26 Suffer (+from)): chịu đựng
27 Treatm)ent /'tri:tm)ənt/ sự điều trị; cuộc điều trị; thuốc điều trị
28 Tuberculosis /tju:,bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ /tu:bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ (n) bệnh lao
Trang 229 Virus (n) vi-rút
30 Work out: tập thể dục
GRAMMAR
1 Phân biệt cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng có thể còn
kéo dài tới hiện tại và tương lai
Eg: I have learnt English for 10 years
(Tôi học tiếng Anh được 10 năm) rồi.)
Hành động đã xảy ra và đã kết thúc trong quá khứ
Eg: I learnt English 10 years ago
(Tôi đã học tiếng Anh 10 năm) trước – vàtôi không còn học nữa.)
Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng còn ảnh
hưởng tới hiện tại
Eg: I have broken m)y leg
(Tôi đã bị gãy chân – nên bây giờ tôi nằm) ở bệnh viện.)
Hành động đã xảy ra và không còn liên hệ
gì với hiện tại
Eg: 10 years ago, I broke m)y leg once.(10 năm) trước, tôi đã bị gãy chân m)ột lần)
2 Cấu trúc Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
(+) S + have/ has + VpII
Eg: I have watched “Iron Man” severaltim)es
(Tôi đã xem) Người Sắt vài lần.)
* Tobe: S + was/ were + ……
* Verb: S + Ved + ……
Eg: I watched “Iron Man” yesterday
(Hôm) qua tôi đã xem) Người Sắt.)(-) S + have/ has + not + VpII
Eg: She hasn’t com)e up to now
(Đến giờ cô ấy vẫn chưa đến.)
* Tobe: S + wasn’t/ weren’t + ……
* Verb: S + didn’t + Vinf + ……
Eg: She didn’t go to school last week.(Tuần trước cô ấy đã không đi học.)(?) (Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII?
Eg: How long have you lived there?
(Bạn sống ở đó bao lâu rồi?)
* Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/ were + S + ?
* Verb: (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + Vinf + ?
Eg: When did you buy that book?
(Bạn đã m)ua cuốn sách đó khi nào vậy?)
3 Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn
Trang 3• Since + m)ốc thời gian
• For + khoảng thời gian
• Already (rồi)
• Yet (chưa)
• Before (trước đây)
• Just (vừa m)ới)
• So far (cho đến bây giờ)
• Recently, lately (gần đây)
Eg: He has just flown from) New York
(Anh ấy vừa m)ới bay từ New York.)
• last night/ year/ m)onth
• yesterday
• ago
• in + năm)Eg: She bought the bike 2 years ago
(Cô ấy m)ua chiếc xe đạp 2 năm) trước.)
PRACTICE
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
1 I (not/play) football since I was at school but I _ (be) very good at it back then
2 A: you (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I (buy) one yesterday
3 I think our teacher (forget) about the test! He _ (not/ say) anything about it in the lastseason!
4 A: (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, som)e people _ (see) it last m)onth and (buy) it
5 They (lose) their cat It _ (run) away last week
6 Helen ever (try) sushi?
7 you (go) to the wedding last night?
8 I never (be) to Paris
9 This year I (travel) to Athens 3 tim)es so far
10 Paul and Judith (be) m)arried since 1998
11 you (finish) your hom)ework yet?
12 Last night aunt Betty (com)e) by She (tell) us that this sum)m)er they are going toHawaii
13 I (visit) m)any different countries so far Last sum)m)er I (go) to Italy and 3 yearsago I (be) in Spain I (not/ visit) Germ)any yet
14 When you (com)e) to Greece?
15 I (com)e) in 2007
16 you (watch) the film) E.T yesterday?
17 They already (leave) the train station
Trang 418 How long you (know) Jonathan?
19 I (m)eet) him) in 2009, so I (know) him) for 3 years
20 What (happen) to Lucy last night?
21 I (see) that program)m)e about telepathy last night
22 He (com)e) back from) Uganda a week ago
23 Last week, he (phone) _ m)e to inform) m)e about the m)atter
24 He (travel) _ a lot recently
25 Claire (have) an appointm)ent at the hairdresser’s yesterday
26 He’s the m)ost difficult custom)er I (have to - ever) deal with
27 Sales (rise) _ in 2001, but then (fall) _ again in 2002
28 We (sign) a binding contract last year which is still valid
29 I feel really tired I (finish - just) m)y hom)ework
30 Look at George ! He (have) a haircut
Key
1 I _haven’t played _ (not/play) football since I was at school but I was _ (be) very good at it backthen
2 A: _Have _ you _chosen _ (choose) a dress for the party yet?
B: Yes, I _bought _ (buy) one yesterday
3 I think our teacher has forgotten (forget) about the test! He _didn’t say (not/ say)anything about it in the last season!
4 A: _Have you sold _ (you/ sell) your house yet?
B: Yes, som)e people saw _ (see) it last m)onth and bought (buy) it
5 They have lost (lose) their cat It ran _ (run) away last week
6 _Has _ Helen ever tried (try) sushi?
7 Did you _go _ (go) to the wedding last night?
8 I _have _ never _been _ (be) to Paris
9 This year I _have traveled _ (travel) to Athens 3 tim)es so far
10 Paul and Judith have been (be) m)arried since 1998
11 Have you finished (finish) your hom)ework yet?
12 Last night aunt Betty cam)e (com)e) by She _told _ (tell) us that this sum)m)er they aregoing to Hawaii
13 I have visited (visit) m)any different countries so far Last sum)m)er I _went _ (go) toItaly and 3 years ago I _was _ (be) in Spain I _haven’t visited _ (not/ visit) Germ)any yet
14 When did you com)e (com)e) to Greece?
Trang 515 I _cam)e _ (com)e) in 2007.
16 Did you _watch _ (watch) the film) E.T yesterday?
17 They have already left (leave) the train station
18 How long _have _ you known (know) Jonathan?
19 I have m)et (m)eet) him) in 2009, so I have known (know) him) for 3 years
20 What _happened _ (happen) to Lucy last night?
21 I (see) saw that program)m)e about telepathy last night
22 He (com)e) _cam)e _ back from) Uganda a week ago
23 Last week, he (phone) phoned _ m)e to inform) m)e about the m)atter
24 He (travel) _has travelled a lot recently
25 Claire (have) had an appointm)ent at the hairdresser’s yesterday
26 He’s the m)ost difficult custom)er I (have to - ever) had ever had to deal with
27 Sales (rise) _rose in 2001, but then (fall) fell _ again in 2002
28 We (sign) have signed a binding contract last year which is still valid
29 I feel really tired I (finish - just) have just finished m)y hom)ework
30 Look at George ! He (have) has had a haircut
Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”
1 My father went to Italy five days
2 He has known her _ 2001
3 Have you _ seen an elephant?
4 She hasn’t finished her work
5 He has lived in Madrid _ ten years
6 We went to bed at 11 o’clock
Key
1 My father went to Italy five days ago
2 He has known her since _ 2001
3 Have you ever _ seen an elephant?
4 She hasn’t finished her work yet
5 He has lived in Madrid for _ ten years
6 We went to bed at 11 o’clock _last night _
Circle the correct item
1 Has Jack gone to school then/ yet?
2 Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far
3 Tina took a test already/ three days ago
Trang 64 I sent you an em)ail two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied.
5 Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast
Key
1 Has Jack gone to school yet?
2 Tonia has sent twenty invitations so far
3 Tina took a test three days ago
4 I sent you an em)ail two days ago but you haven’t replied
5 Helen has already had her breakfast
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect
I (1) _ (be) a ski instructor for m)any years now I (2) _ (take up) the sport when I (3) _ (be) at school I still rem)em)ber the first tim)e I (4) (try) to ski I (5) _ (slip) on theice and (6) (break) m)y ankle Thankfully, I (7) _ (not/ have) a serious accident since then.Last year, I (8) (try) ice-skating for the very first tim)e I (9) (slip) on the ice rink a couple oftim)es since then but I (10) (not/ break) anything Two years ago, I (11) _ (take)snowboarding lessons I (12) _ (not/ like) it because I (13) (find) it a little dangerous I (14) (not/ play) ice - hockey yet There’s a gam)e tom)orrow I can’t wait to go!
Trang 71 A sugar B consum)e C m)uscle D obesity
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
9 A acupuncture B longevity C environm)ent D establishm)ent
12 A fertilizer B developm)ent C environm)ent D advertisem)ent
VOCABULARY
Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
1 Children often get vaccinated so as to be im)m)une to fatal diseases
A susceptible B vulnerable C fragile D resistant
12 This kind of fruit helps to boost the im)m)une system)
A decrease B reduce C increase D m)aintain
3 In Vietnam), life expectancy for both m)en and wom)en has increased significantly over the last ten years
Trang 8A living standard B longevity C life skills D lifeline
4 There are som)e principles for people to stick to if they want to stay healthy
A rules B m)issions C laws D duties
5 The second them)e describes the wom)en's rejection of the pressure surrounding body size and food and theirdesire to eat the foods they enjoyed
A cultivate B purchase C digest D consum)e
6 There are num)erous ways to exercise and m)aintain a healthy lifestyle
A apply B exploit C keep D operate
7 We should only use prescription m)edication when all other options have failed
A declined B not succeeded C broken D passed
8 You will recover quickly if you take this m)edication
A get well B get on C get up D get in
9 The doctor cautioned his patient against consum)ing too m)uch sugar
A scream)ed B threatened C punished D warned
10 Make sure you get a balanced intake of vitam)ins and m)inerals to stay healthy
A recognition B stim)ulation C consum)ption D digestion
11 Obesity and heart disease can be exacerbated by excessive fast-food consum)ption
A Being underweight B Being overweight C Child m)alnutrition D Fam)ine stricken
12 Meditation is a popular way to relieve stress in today's hectic lifestyles
A reduce B reproduce C rehearse D renam)e
13 People can fight infection m)ore effectively if they eat a nutritious diet
A injection B disease C hygiene D digestion
14 Do school-based social skills training program)s prevent alcohol use am)ong young people?
A boost B stim)ulate C avoid D trigger
15 Many people wear protective clothing when they go outside to avoid sunburn
A recom)m)ence B encourage C facilitate D block
16 Rem)em)ber to wash your face twice a day with warm) water and m)ild soap to rem)ove dirt
A light B destructive C strong D protective
17 Pim)ple squeezing can cause swelling, redness, and injection
A falling B declining C shrinking D becom)ing bigger
18 Consum)ing a wide range of fruits and vegetables supplies you with vitam)ins and nutrients
A broad B narrow C lim)ited D uncertain
19 She gave us som)e advice on how to keep our skin healthy and how to avoid com)m)on skin problem)s
A specific B norm)al C infrequent D devoted
Trang 920 Having healthy skin is especially crucial to wom)en to m)aintain their beauty.
A trivial B m)eaningless C vital D contributory
21 If you look at a com)puter screen for an extended period of tim)e, your eyesight m)ay deteriorate
A suffer B observe C glance D gaze
22 Life expectancy increases can be attributed to healthier lifestyles, im)proved nutrition, and advances inm)edical science and technology
23 Mass m)edia have helped to raise people’s awareness of lifestyle choices
A stabilize B m)inim)ize C lift D em)bark
24 For over ten years, John Kennedy has worked as a fitness trainer
A practitioner B instructor C interviewer D dieter
25 Here are som)e precautions to take when engaging in various types of physical activities
A safety m)easures B safety levels C safety rules D safety factors
26 If you exercise outside in hot, sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid
A liquid B vitam)ins C m)inerals D nutrients
27 The fire resulted in dam)age to their property
A resulted from) B led to C caught on D com)pensated for
28 You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pause regularly to drink m)ore
A break up B break down C break off D break in
29 You should also exercise in the early m)orning when the weather is not too hot
A have a rest B do housework C do hom)ework D work out
30 Before swim)m)ing, m)ake sure you've warm)ed up your body by stretching or jum)ping
A exercised lightly B put on warm) clothes
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
1 Before you begin your yoga practice, you should do som)e warm)-up exercises such as stretching
A rem)aining B m)aintaining C perform)ing D shrinking
2 Stretching will relax your m)uscles and prevent your joints
A allow B avoid C lim)it D protest
3 Don't look down at your feet as you walk This will cause you to slow down and cause back pain
A result in B result from) C lead to D give off
4 After receiving hundreds of job rejections, I decided that I needed to do som)ething about m)y obesity
A arrival B approval C refusal D rebuttal
Trang 105 I discovered a website that advertised a quick and easy way to lose weight in one m)onth.
A suffer B treat C m)aintain D gain
6 We were not prepared for the events that followed
A refused B obeyed C.dem)olished D im)itated
7 My boyfriend wholeheartedly supported m)e during m)y fight against obesity
A aided B discouraged C assisted D boom)ed
8 After being out of work for two years, I have received m)y first job offer recently
A produced B gained C rejected D acquired
9 If you haven't been active, begin slowly but consistently
10 You risk serious injury or death if you are swim)m)ing and lightning strikes
A trivial B dreadful C crucial D negligible
Trang 11Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1 The sm)allest _ are about 0.4 m)icron in diam)eter
2 Som)e can cause _ diseases such as tuberculosis and food poisoning
3 Since 2009, Iceland has been the global _ in gender equality
4 Vaccines are often used to prevent the _ of diseases caused by viruses
5 Viruses can cause a range illness, from) the com)m)on cold or the flu to m)ore _ diseases such asAIDS and Covid-19
6 Start by looking at food labels, paying attention to ingredients and such as vitam)ins and m)inerals
7 The screens blued light that can prevent you from) sleeping well
8 Exercise to always keep your body fit and your m)ind happy
9 Many doctors recom)m)end _ as a way to reduce stress
10 Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of that support healthy blood sugar levels
11 Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest in the world
12.This idea has long been _ to Keynes, but in fact he was not the first to think of it
Trang 12A contributed B attributed C dedicated D applied
13 The doctor put m)e on a low-salt to reduce m)y blood pressure
My own _ for health is less paperwork and m)ore running barefoot through the grass
18 If you want to keep fit, you should keep doing _ like jogging, cycling, or swim)m)ing every day
19 Laura fell asleep during the lesson _ she was tired
20 The doctor m)e to go jogging every m)orning
21 Fruit tastes good it’s healthy for your body
22 In order to have good , you should eat lightly and laugh cheerfully
23 I forgot to wear a sun hat today and I got a
24 Watching too m)uch television is not good _ your eyes
25 He eats a lot of burger and chips so he’s putting on _
26 The Japanese eat a lot of fish instead of m)eat _they are healthier
27 You can avoid som)e diseases by _ yourself clean
Trang 1328 When you have a tem)perature, you should drink m)ore water and rest .
29 When you have flu, you m)ay have a cough and a nose
30 Yoga involves breathing exercises, stretching and _
31 Cycling m)akes you fitter and gives you a better life
("meditation” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “sự thiền định”)
32 People with norm)al, healthy _ system)s generally can fight off certain diseases without drugs,and m)ight not even feel sick
("immune system” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “hệ miễn dịch")
33 The effects of diarrhoeal disease can be conquered with one of the sim)plest and cheapest natural _known to science
(“remedy” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “cách chữa trị”)
34 A poor diet, with low nutrient snacks can lead to nutritional
(“nutritional deficiencies" là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “sự thiếu hụt chất dinh dưỡng”)
35 If the victim)s survive the first half hour, there is a good chance of com)plete _
(“improvement” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “sự cải thiện”, lưu ý "recovery" là đáp án sai, do nó mang nghĩa “sự hồi phục” sau khi đã được điều trị xong)
36 What a pity! Thom)as wasn't strong enough to his own confidence
(“to boost ST" là động từ, mang nghĩa “làm tăng cái gì”, “boost confidence" mang nghĩa “làm tăng
sự tự tin")
37 The rapidly population will put a strain on the country's health care system)
(“ageing population” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “dân số đang già đi")
38 Mass m)edia have helped to raise people's awareness of _ choices
(“lifestyle” là danh từ, mang nghĩa “lối sống, nếp sống")
Trang 1439 It is said that adults are often im)m)une such diseases as m)easles, whooping coughs, or m)um)ps
(“to be immune to ST" là tính từ, mang nghĩa "miễn dịch với cái gì”)
40 Research has suggested that the food we eat _ longevity
A m)ust affect B should affect C affected D affects
(lưu ý “suggest” ở đây không mang nghĩa “khuyên, đề nghị”, nên "should affect” sai, câu đúng là
"affects”, thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một sự thật)
41 My brother is now in hospital, treatm)ent of his upset stom)ach
(“to be under treatment”, mang nghĩa "đang được điều trị")
42 After suffering an injury during the m)atch against Federer, Nadal has required surgery his right knee
("surgery" đi với giới từ “on”, mang nghĩa “phẫu thuật ở bộ phận nào”)
43 Rem)em)ber that even sim)ple _ changes can boost our im)m)une system)
("dietary” là tính từ, mang nghĩa “liên quan đến chế độ ăn uống")
44 About 50,000 bicyclists suffer _serious head injuries each year
45 For the past five years, Iceland in the first rank of educational achievem)ent and im)provem)ent
in wom)en's econom)ic conditions
46 She _ two m)iles and a half, and now she feels exhausted
A will have run B was running C has run D has been running
47 I haven’t m)et him) again since we _ school ten years ago
48 Ba _ the cap all day yesterday
49 This room) since I was born
50 We _since we left school
51 I haven’t applied for this job
52 Has Mary listened to the song 2 hours?
Trang 15A for B never C ever D yet
53 Peter has played football he was a child
54 I have drunk all the m)ilk
55 I can’t find m)y eraser Have you seen it ?
56 She hasn’t m)et her fam)ily a long tim)e
57 He can’t com)e with us because he has broken his leg
58 Som)e students haven’t done their hom)ework
59 Men’s plateau in earnings _after the 1970s, allowing for the increase in wom)en's wages to closethe ratio between incom)es
60 Where _ you on the Tet holiday last year?
A do - go B did - gone C did - go D did - went
61 _ people used to read m)ore
62 I _ there once a long tim)e ago and _ back since
C would be / had not been D have been / will not be
63 In the past, people _ to the beach m)ore often
64 Where _Nam) from) yesterday?
65.She her keys She’s trying to find them)
66 Peter _ as a teacher for 2 years
67.Mary _ with her m)other to go to the m)all 1 hour ago
A goes out B gone out C went out D was gone
Trang 1668.I _ a writer since 2010.
69 Linda _ anything because she was full
A weren’t eating B wasn’t eat C didn’t eat D doesn’t eat
70 My close friend m)y new watch yet
71 I the bus yesterday
A can’t catch B didn’t catch C not catch D weren’t catch
72 We _ touch since we _ school three years ago.
A lost / have left B have lost / leave C have lost / left D were losing / had left
73 Tom) Cruise's last m)ovie? Yes, I _ it three days ago
A Have you ever seen / saw B Did you ever see / have seen
C Had you ever seen / would see D Will you ever see / saw
74 The num)ber of the participants in the survey _ 250 students for Oxford University
75 I can't believe that _ the news
A you haven't read B you didn't read C you don't read D you read not
Make sentences using the words and phrases given.
1 Do / exercise / regularly / help / you / stay / healthy
A Doing exercise regularly helps you stay healthy.
B Doing exercise regularly help you stay healthy.
C Do exercise regularly helps you stay healthy.
D Doing exercise regularly helps you are stay healthy.
2 We / need / calories / or / energy / do / things / every day
A We need calories or energy do things every day.
B We need calories or energy doing things every day.
C We needs calories or energy do things every day.
D We need calories or energy to do things every day.
3 We / should / balance / calories / we / get / from) / food / with / calories / we / use / physical activity
A We should balance calories we get from) food with calories we use physical activity.
B We should balance calories we get from) food with calories we use for physical activity.
C We should be balancing calories we get from) food with calories we use physical activity.
D We should be balanced calories we get from) food with calories we use to physical activity.
4 Eat / healthy/ be / im)portant / part / m)aintain / good / health
Trang 17A Eat healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health.
B Eat healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health.
C Eating healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health.
D Eating healthily is a im)portant part to m)aintain good health.
5 Eat / less / sweet / food / and / eat / m)ore / fruit / vegetables
A Eating less sweet food and eat m)ore fruits and vegetables.
B Eating less sweet food and eating m)ore fruits and vegetables.
C Eating less sweet food and to eat m)ore fruits and vegetables.
D Eat less sweet food and eat m)ore fruits and vegetables.
6 Drink / lots / water / be / good / our health
A Drinking lots of water is good for our health.
B Drink lots of water is good for our health.
C Drinking a lots of water is good for our health.
D Drink a lots of water is good for our health.
7 I / have / toothache / so / I / have to / see / dentist
A I have a toothache so I have to see dentist.
B I have toothache so I have to see dentist.
C I have a toothache so I have to see the dentist.
D I have toothaches so I have to see the dentists.
8 Watch / m)uch / TV / not / good / your eyes
A Watch m)uch TV is not good for your eyes.
B Watching m)uch TV is not good for your eyes.
C Watch too m)uch TV is not good for your eyes.
D Watching too m)uch TV is not good for your eyes.
9 When/ I/ ten/ begin/ play football
A When I was ten, I began to play football.
B When I was ten, I begin to play football.
C When I am) ten, I began to play football.
D When I was ten, I began play football.
10 Calories / im)portant / hum)an / health
A Calories are im)portant for hum)an health.
B Calories is im)portant for hum)an health.
C Calories are im)portant with hum)an health.
D Calories is im)portant with hum)an health
Trang 18Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one.
1 This is the first tim)e I attend such an enjoyable wedding party
A The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable.
B I had the first enjoyable wedding party.
C My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable.
D I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before.
2 I have not m)et her for three years
A The last tim)e I m)et her was three years ago.
B It is three years when I will m)eet her.
C I did not m)eet her three years ago.
D During three years, I m)et her once.
3 This pasta is a new experience for m)e
A I used to eat a lot of pasta.
B I am) used to eating pasta.
C It is the first tim)e I have eaten pasta.
D I have ever eaten pasta m)any tim)es before.
4 I have not seen Tom) for ages
A It has been a long tim)e since I last saw Tom).
B Tom) and I do not look the sam)e age.
C Tom) and I are friends for a long tim)e.
D I often m)et Tom) ages ago.
5 The last tim)e I went to the m)useum) was a year ago
A I have not been to the m)useum) for a year.
B A year ago, I often went to the m)useum).
C My going to the m)useum) lasted a year.
D At last I went to the m)useum) after a year.
6 I have not seen her for three years
A I have often seen her for the last three years.
B About three years ago, I used to m)eet her.
C The last tim)e when I saw her was three years ago.
D I saw her three years ago and will never m)eet her again.
7 "What a beautiful dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary
A Peter prom)ised to buy Mary a beautiful dress
B Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress
Trang 19C Peter com)plim)ented Mary on her beautiful dress
D Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress
(“compliment SB on ST/doing ST” mang nghĩa “khen ai đó về cái gì”)
8 "Please don't leave until I com)e back," Sarah said
A Sarah suggested not leaving until she com)es back
B Sarah asked us to leave until she cam)e back
C Sarah told us not to leave until she cam)e back
D Sarah offered to leave until she cam)e back
9 "Stop sm)oking or you'll be ill", the doctor told m)e
A The doctor advised m)e to give up sm)oking to avoid illness
B The doctor suggested sm)oking to treat illness
C I was ordered not to sm)oke to recover from) illness
D I was warned against sm)oking a lot of cigarettes
(câu B, C và D đều khác nghĩa câu gốc, trong đó ở câu D “ to be warned agianst smoking a lot of cigrarettes”, “nên tránh hút nhiều thuốc”, hàm ý việc hút thuốc chưa diễn ra, khác với câu gốc)
10 She said, "John, I'll show you round m)y city when you're here."
A She m)ade a trip round her city with John
B She planned to show John round her city
C She prom)ised to show John round her city
D She organized a trip round her city for John
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given
1 Last night she worked very hard She wanted to finish the report on tim)e
A Last night she worked very hard so as to finish the report on tim)e
B Last night she worked very hard although he wanted to finish the report on tim)e
C However hard she worked last night; she finished the report on tim)e
D No m)atter how hard she worked last night, she finished the report on tim)e
2 You'd better call him) im)m)ediately It's possible he'll leave for Paris
A If he leaves for Paris, you should call him) im)m)ediately
B You'd better call him) im)m)ediately as he possibly leaves for Paris
C You'd better call him) im)m)ediately so that he possibly leaves for Paris
D You'd better call him) im)m)ediately unless he possibly leaves for Paris
3 She wasn't wearing a seat-belt She was injured
A If she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured
B If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she would have been injured
Trang 20C If she were wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't be injured
D If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured
4 I eat a lot I cannot keep fit
A I eat m)ore and m)ore and becom)e fitter and fitter
B The less I eat, the fitter I becom)e
C The m)ore I eat, the less fit I becom)e
D I becom)e fit not only because I eat a lot.
5 They finished one project They started working on the next
A Had they finished one project, they would have started working on the next
B Only if they had they finished one project did they start working on the next
C Hardly had they finished one project when they started working on the next
D Not until they started working on the next project did they finish the previous one
In developing countries like Swaziland, where there is a high HIV/ AIDS rate, life expectancy is as low as32.6 years In developed countries like Australia, life expectancy rates are as high as 81 years There are an increasingnum)ber of factors which can cancel out the disadvantages you have The one that we are looking at now is howyour career can affect your life expectancy Choosing the wrong career can result in a shorter life!
If you want your career to positively influence your life expectancy, you have to be m)ade of m)oney That'sright Rich people in wealthy areas of England and France live 10 years longer than the people in poorer areas.Having a successful career has its drawbacks, too if the result of hard work is stress
Stress can lead to a num)ber of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, tension andaggression These conditions m)ay result in a lack of concentration and an increase in serious injuries at work.They can also lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks which seriously affect life expectancy
If you are worried that your job m)ight decrease your life expectancy, you probably need to avoid careers
on "dangerous jobs" list such as tim)ber cutters, pilots, construction workers, roofer, truck drivers
So if you don't want to kick the bucket at an early age, choose a career in som)ething other than tim)ber
cutting, but above all, rem)em)ber to relax
From Pre-Essence Reading by Rachel Lee, Longman
1 The passage m)ainly discusses _.
Trang 21A The definition of life expectancy
B The com)parison of life expectancy between wom)en and m)en
C The im)portance of a successful career
D The effects of a career on one’s life expectancy
2 The average life expectancy is 32.6 years in
A Swaziland
B France
C Australia
D England
3 Why does an increase in stress lelad to an increase in workplace accidents?
A Workers like to take sick leave and stay hom)e
B It leads o a decrease in concentration and depression
C Workers don’t care as m)uch as about their jobs
D Workers are too busy to observe safety regulations
4 It can be inferred from) the paragraph 3 that the disadvantage of a successful career is that _
A Yon won’t have to take a job on the “dangerous jobs” list
B You are at the greater risk of being a victim) of crim)e
C There is a high num)ber of work-related injuries
D You are m)ore likely to be under stress
5 The phrase “kick the bucket” in the passage is closest in m)eaning to _
Read the following passage 2 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions
Health Benefits of Yoga
Yoga is a healthy lifestyle One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that issuitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc If you are a yoga beginner,Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you If you want toincrease strength through using more of your own body's resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you.Whether you prefer you're at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are ahuge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs Improved flexibility is one of the first and mostobvious benefits of yoga During your first class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes But if youstick with it, you'll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will becomepossible Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of yourbody, which is the core from which everything else operates
When the core is working properly, posture is im)proved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neckpain Strong m)uscles do m)ore than look good They also protect us from) conditions like arthritis and back
Trang 22pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it withflexibility If you just went to the gym) and lifted weights, you m)ight build strength at the expense offlexibility Yoga gets your blood flowing More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga canhelp your circulation, especially in your hands and feet Yoga also gets m)ore oxygen to your cells, whichfunction better as a result Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from) internal organs andallow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released Many studies found that a consistent yogapractice im)proved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better im)m)une function.
1
Yoga is a very convenient type of exercise because _
A we can watch a DVD at a studio or gym) and follow it
B we can choose a yoga style that is suitable for our lifestyle
C we can choose Hatha Yoga to focus on basic postures or to increase strength
D there are a huge variety of options available for our private session
2
According to yoga's principles, the spine is of great im)portance because _
A when the spine is working properly, postures will becom)e possible
B seem)ingly im)possible poses will becom)e possible
C it is the center of your body, from) which other m)uscles operate
D we can avoid back, shoulder, and neck pain
3
In order to build strong m)uscles, _
A we build strength with high expenses at the gym)
B we don't pay any attention to our appearance
C we should reinforce the m)uscles around the spine
D we can have strength with flexibility through yoga
4
Yoga can im)prove our circulation because _
A it helps to provide m)ore oxygen to cells or internal organs
B it helps us to perform) twisting poses m)ore easily
C we can have m)ore relaxation exercises
D it helps to provide m)ore blood to internal organs than others
5
The word " internal " in paragraph 2 is closest in m)eaning to
Read the following passage 3 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions
In 1960, Am)ericans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on m)edicines Most of the m)oney cam)e from)their own pockets, and was spent on drugs that largely treated infections heart disease, arthritis anddepression Beyond that, there was little that science could offer Today, the range of diseases for whichm)edical research has som)e partial treatm)ent is vast Despite this, and the double digit increase in drug
Trang 23spending - 75%-90% of which is paid for by insurance com)panies - prescription drugs now account for 9% oftotal health expenditures
Sim)ilarly, claim)s by insurers and corporations - that drug costs are driving insurance costs up ingeneral - are overstated According to health analyst J.D Kleinke, since pharm)acy costs represent only 9% ofall spending, even increases of 20% could not be responsible for insurance prem)ium) increases of 10%-15%over the last two years: Prem)ium)s have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total m)edical costsover the past three years
The fact is we should spend m)ore on newer, m)ore expensive m)edicines because they are worth theinvestm)ent Medical innovation creates what Harvard econom)ist David Cutler calls health capital — theability of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and rem)ain that way at anincreasingly older age In fact, under the m)ost conservative assum)ption, the U.S would have needed onlyabout 30% of the im)provem)ent in m)edical progress over the period in tim)e In the case of congestive heartfailure, Mr Cutler found that increased consum)ption of new and m)ore expensive drugs and other innovativetechnologies generated longer life, m)ore productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of theirdevelopm)ent and consum)ption
1 What has changed the least since 1960?
A Percentage of m)oney Am)ericans pay for m)edicines out of their own pockets
B The variety of drugs available
C Percentage of healthcare dollar on m)edicines
D The am)ount of m)oney spent on drugs by insurance com)panies.
(lưu đoạn 1, câu “In 1960, Americans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on medicines prescription drugs now account for 9% of total health expenditures.)
2 Claim)s by insurers and corporations that drug costs are driving insurance costs are overstated because
A drug costs have not increased in the past
B insurance costs have not increased in the past
C prem)ium)s have increased by m)ore than 20% in the last two years
D prem)ium)s have increased m)uch m)ore than have total m)edical costs in the past three years
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "Premiums have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total medical costs over the past three years.")
3 The way to invest in health capital is to
A adopt a healthy lifestyle
B spend around 10% of the healthcare m)oney on m)edicines
C spend m)oney on m)edicines that the latest m)edical science can offer
D spend m)ore m)oney on m)edical care in spite of higher health costs
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "The fact is we should spend more on newer, more expensive medicines because they are worth the investment.")
Trang 244 The cost of congestive heart failure illustrates that .
A health capital is no guarantee for a better life
B using newer drugs m)ay prove too expensive for m)any people
C using newer drugs contributes to a better life
D it is difficult to m)ake people spend m)ore on m)edicines
(lưu ý đoạn 2, câu "increased consumption of new and more expensive drugs and other innovative technologies generated longer life, more productivity and lower health costs")
5 The m)ain idea of the passage is that
A people should spend m)ore m)oney on good m)edicines
B people should get insurers to pay for their m)edicines
C people are reluctant to pay a lot of m)oney on m)edicines
D m)edical technologies m)ake m)ost diseases curable
(ý chính của bài viết là "mọi người nên dành nhiều tiền hơn cho thuốc có chất lượng tốt")
Read the following passage 4 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions
Highest Life Expectancy in The World
Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead (1) lives past the age of 100 A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who livethere are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth The longest living women were found inOkinawa, Japan Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men reachthe age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was 2 _ on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007.Only one of the blue zones is located in the United States It was found when researchers who were staying
in Loma Linda, California discovered they suffered from (3) of the diseases that commonly kill people
in other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world The final blue zone was found on anexpedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer,and (4) _ zero dementia - loss of memory What's their secret formula for (5) _ another 10healthy years? Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while
it helps to have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation If you adopt the right (6) _ , theyconcluded the other 70% can be up to us Other (7) the people living in the blue zones have incommon include less stress and more (8) , strong (9) _ on family, a fresh natural plant based,diet, very little red meat and daily exercise Leading their lives with a sense of (10) was a big factor Itinsures they look forward to getting up in the morning
Trang 253 A bits B pieces C a piece D a fraction
Read the following passage 5 and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions
We need calories or (1)……… to do the things every day For exam)ple, when we walk to school or(2) ……… a bike to school we spend a certain am)ount of (3)………….and even when we sleep, wealso use them) But how m)any calories should we (4) ………a day to stay in shape? It’s difficult (5)
……… us to calculate If people want to keep (6) ……… , they should rem)em)ber thateveryone should have between 1600 and 2500 calories a day
We get calories (7) ……… the food we eat If we get too m)any food and don’t take part (8)…………any activities, we can get fat quickly So besides studying, we should do som)e (9)………… , play sports or
do the housework, such as cleaning the floor, cooking etc Otherwise, we don’t eat enough, we will be (10)
……….and weak
3 A things B food C calories D vitam)ins
9 A exercises B activities C conversations D cam)paigns
10 A extensive B tired C exhausted D brave
Read the following passage 6 and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
LIVING A HEALTHIER LIFE
Keeping fit and healthy m)ay seem) difficult, but there are few-easy-follow guidelines Firstly, abalanced diet is absolutely essential This m)eans selecting food that is (1) in salt and sugar
Trang 26Experts recom)m)end reducing the am)ount of fat in your diet as too m)uch can lead to heart problem)s.They also suggest increasing (2) of high fiber food we eat This com)es in the form) of fresh fruit,vegetables, whole m)eal bread and pasta As well as being packed (3) vitam)ins and m)inerals, theyare delicious, too Secondly, it’s im)portant to fit exercise in to your daily routine This can be done by sim)plywalking as m)uch as possible and clim)bing stairs instead of (4) the lift Finally, staying relaxed isim)portant for good health Too m)uch stress can lead to a variety of illness, from) headaches to high bloodpressure (5) _possible, do things you enjoy and treat yourself occasionally So the m)essage is sim)ple -enjoy yourself but learn to respect your body too It’s all a question of getting the balance right.
Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passages
In sum)m)ary, life expectancies from) this survey of six countries vary widely That of Monaco (with the highestlife expectancy) approaches twice that of South Africa (with the lowest life expectancy) In this 5 , Europe and the US 6 _the longest life expectancies, Asia is in the m)iddle, and the Africancountries have the shortest life expectancies
Passage 2
Fam)ily history; psychological factors, and (1) all play a role in childhood obesity Childrenwhose parents or other fam)ily m)em)bers are (2) or obese are m)ore likely to follow suit But the
m)ore, graph, have longest, for, highest,
Trang 27m)ain (3) of childhood obesity is a com)bination of eating too m)uch and exercising too little.
A poor (4) _containing high levels of fat or sugar and few nutrients can cause kids to gain weightquickly Fast food, candy, and soft drinks are com)m)on culprits The U.S Departm)ent of Health & Hum)anServices (HHS) reports that 32 percent of adolescent girls and 52 percent of adolescent boys in the UnitedStates drink 24 ounces of soda - or m)ore - per day
Convenience foods, such as frozen dinners, salty snacks, and canned pastas, can also (5) _ tounhealthy weight gain Som)e children becom)e obese because their parents don't know how to choose orprepare healthy foods Other fam)ilies m)ay not be able to easily afford fresh fruits, vegetables, and m)eats.Not enough (6) can be another cause of childhood obesity People of' all ages tend to gainweight when they're less active Exercise burns (7) _and helps you m)aintain a healthy weight.Children who aren't encouraged to be active m)ay be less likely to burn extra calories through sports, tim)e onthe playground, or other form)s of physical activity
Psychological issues m)ay also lead to obesity in som)e children Kids and teens who are bored, stressed, ordepressed m)ay eat (8) _ to cope with negative em)otions
Key: 1 lifestyle 2 overweight 3 Cause 4 diet 5 contribute 6 physical activity 7 calories 8 more
Passage 3
Street Games
activities , disadvantaged , opportunities, about, between, for, with, part, what, communities
Who are we?
StreetGam)es is a sports charity that changes lives and com)m)unities We are proud to give young peopleexactly 1 _ they are looking for – the chance to enjoy sport, give back to their 2 andaspire to greater things Seventy-one percent of young people have said that they would like the chance to trym)ore sporting 3 _, but that they can’t afford to
What do we do?
‘Doorstep Sport’ is what we do – we bring sport close to hom)e in 4 com)m)unities, at the righttim)e, for the right price and in the right style Sport is great! It provides fitness, fun and friendship5 , and since 2007 we have been using it to im)prove the lives of countless young people Itteaches them) skills and knowledge which they can then use to m)ake their own way in life
What do we offer?
We have been speaking to a lot of young people 6 sports they would like to be involved in, andthese are the answers: boys 7 _ the ages of 16 and 19 have voted for playing football, badm)intonand tennis, going swim)m)ing, cycling, running and to the gym) and doing adventure sports The girls havechosen sim)ilarly, except 8 _ netball rather than football, plus dance and fitness classes Multi-sportssessions have also proved popular 9 _everyone
Trang 28What do we want?
We are bringing sport to your neighborhood, and we need som)e assistance We are looking for youngvolunteers for this task We need young people both to take 10 in our wonderful sportingactivities and also to look after and coach the younger children So, if you are aged 16-19, contact us if youwould like to be involved We need YOU!
1 what 2 communities 3 activities 4 disadvantaged
5 opportunities 6 about 7 between 8 for 9 with 10 part
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
Question 1 Paul and Daisy are discussing life in the future.
Paul: “I believe space travel will becom)e m)ore affordable for m)any people in the future.”
Daisy: “ ”
A It doesn’t m)atter at all B There’s no doubt about that.
C It is very kind of you to say so D I am) sorry to hear that.
Question 2 Jack: “I’m) going to take a five-day trip to Rom)e.”
A No, of course not B Have a good tim)e C The sam)e to you D Yes, let’s
Question 3 Irene: "Do you fancy going to a m)ovie this evening?" - Frank: " ."
A I'm) sorry I don't know that B Not at all Go ahead.
Question 4 Jack: "Would you like to join our volunteer group this sum)m)er?" - Jill: “ _.”
A I wouldn't Thank you B Yes, I'd love to Thanks.
C Do you think I would? D Yes, you're a good friend
Question 5 Jack and Joe are discussing how to m)ake salad for dinner.
Jack: “ ”
Joe: How about putting som)e grapes in it, instead?
A We could fry som)e onions with it too B I’d rather just have som)e bread, thanks.
C Let’s put som)e pieces of apple in the salad D Good idea! I’ll go and m)ake one.
Question 6 Sue is phoning Mr Black but his secretary tells her that he is on vacation.
Ann: May I leave a m)essage for Mr Black, please?
Secretary: _.
A I'm) afraid he is not here B He is taking a m)essage now.
C Yes, I'll m)ake sure he gets it D No, you can’t tell him).
Question 7 Lucy is asking for perm)ission to play the guitar at Pete’s hom)e.
Lucy: “Is it all right if I play the guitar in here while you’re studying?”
Trang 29Pete: “ _”
A Oh, I wish you wouldn’t B Well, I’d rather not.
C Well, actually, I’d prefer it if you didn’t D Well, if only you didn’t.
Question 8 Adela and Phuong are talking about her new friend.
Adela: “ ?” – Phuong: He’s tall and thin with blue eyes.”
Question 9 Fiana and Fallon are talking about the weather.
Fiana: “Isn’t it going to rain tonight?” – Fallon: “ _.”
A Yes, it isn’t B I hope not C I don’t hope so D No, it is.
Question 10 John is broke, and he is going to borrow som)e m)oney from) Laura.
- John: “Have you got any m)oney left?” – Laura: “Unfortunately, .”
A none of all B nothing of all C not even a few D none whatsoever WRITING
Rearrange these sentences
1 She/ often/ take/ paracetam)ol/ if/ she/ get / bad/ headache
1 She often takes paracetam)ol if she gets a bad headache
2 How m)any calories do you burn doing aerobics for 2 hours?
3 Getting enough sleep helps students (to) do their best in the classroom)
4 The organisation believes that sport helps young people in other areas of their lives
Write sentences, using the words given
1 “Why don’t you put better lock on the door, Barbara”? said John
Trang 30 This is the first………
4 The architect has drawn plans for an extension to the house
1 John suggested that Barry should put a better lock on the door
2 Despite his both broken legs, he m)anaged to
3.This is tim)e I have eaten this kind of food
4 Plans for an extension to the house have been drawn by the architect / Plans have been drawn for anextension by the architect
5 You don't have to finish by Saturday
6 He has read book for two m)onth
7 They have studied English since they were in grade 3
8 I haven't been abroad before
9 I last m)et m)y aunt when I was 10 years old
Trang 3110 She hasn't seen her parents for a long long tim)e
11 It's very im)portant for parents to help build a child's independence by encouraging good habits
12 They haven't written to each other for five years
13 He has learnt English since he was in grade 6
14 I last visited the m)useum) three m)onths ago
15 Tom) has been ill for three days
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 1:
S+ has/have + not + P2 + for + thời gian
→ It’s + thời gian… + since…… + last + Quá khứ đơn
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 2:
S + has/have + not + P2 + before
→ It is the first tim)e + S + has/have + P2
Các cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành dạng 3:
S + has/have + not + P2 + since/for +…
→ S + last + V2/ed…+… ago/ m)ệnh đề quá khứ đơn
→ The last tim)e + S + V2/ed + was + thời gian + (ago)
UNIT 2 THE GENERATION GAP VOCABULARY
1 Generation gap /dʒenə'rei∫n gæp / khoảng cách giữa các thế hệ
2 Adapt /ə'dæpt/ (n): làm) cho hợp với, sửa cho hợp với
3 Argum)ent /'ɑ:gjʊm)ənt/ (n): sự tranh luận, sự bàn cãi = dispute (n)
4 Characteristic /,kærəktə'ristik/ (a):đặc thù, đặc trưng, riêng = typical
5 Conflict /kən'flikt /(n): sự m)âu thuẫn, sự đối lập = discord /'diskɔ:/ Apple of discord : m)ối bất hòa
6 Curious /'kjʊəriəs/(a): ham) hiểu biết; tò m)ò, hiếu kỳ
7 Digital native /'didʒitl 'neitiv / người được sinh ra ở thời đại công nghệ và Internet
8 Experience /ik'spiəriəns (v,n): trải nghiệm)
9 Extended fam)ily : gia đình đa thế hệ, đại gia đình
# Nuclear fam)ily /'nju:kliə[r]/ /'nu:kliər/ : gia đình hạt nhân, gia đình nhỏ gồm) 1-2 thế hệ
10 Freedom) /'fri:dəm)/ sự tự do; quyền tự do
11 Hire /'haiə[r]/ thuê, m)ướn = recruit = em)ploy
12 Honesty /'ɒnisti/tính trung thực, tính chân thật
in all honesty: thành thực m)à nói
13 Individualism) /,indi'vidʒʊəlizəm)/ chủ nghĩa cá nhân
Trang 3214 Influence /'inflʊəns/ (v) gây ảnh hưởng =im)pact =affect
15 Lim)it /'lim)it/ giới hạn
lim)itation /lim)i'tei∫n/ sự hạn chế, sự giới hạn, m)ặt hạn chế, nhược điểm)
within lim)its: trong chừng m)ực nào đó, có m)ức độ # without lim)its: không có giới hạn, tha hồ
16 Screen tim)e : thời gian sử dụng thiết bị điện tử
17 Social m)edia: phương tiện truyền thông m)ạng xã hội
18 Value /'vælju:/ (n,v): giá trị, coi trọng
19 View (n) quan điểm) = point of view = viewpoint= perspective
20 Bridge the gap /brɪdʒ ðə gæp/ (idiom)): giảm) thiểu sự khác biệt
21 Curfew/'kə:fju:/ (n.) lệnh giới nghiêm)
22 Attitude /'ætɪtju:d/ towards (n.) thái độ
23 Burden /'bɜ:dn/ (n.) gánh nặng
24 Mature /m)ə'tʃʊə(r)/ (a) trưởng thành, chín chắn = old enough
25 Norm) /nɔ:m)/ (n.) chuẩn m)ực
26 Obey /ə'beɪ/(v.) vâng lời, tuân thủ obedience (n)
27 Financial burden /faɪ'nænʃ1 'bɜ:dən/ (com)pound n.) gánh nặng tài chính
28 Follow in one's footsteps /'fɒləʊ ɪn wʌnz 'fʊtsteps/ (idiom)) theo bước, nối nghiệp
29 Multi-generational /ˈm)ʌlti ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl/ (a) đa thế hệ, nhiều thế hệ
30 Objection /əbˈdʒekʃən/ (n.) sự phản kháng
object to + ving
31 Open-m)inded /ˈəʊpən ˈm)aɪndɪd/(a) cởi m)ở
32 Im)pose (on sb) /ɪm)'pəʊz/ (v phr.) áp đặt cái gì vào ai
33 Elegant /'elɪgənt/ (a) thanh lịch, tao nhã
34 Flashy /'flæʃi/ (a) diện, hào nhoáng
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Modal Verbs: Must vs Have to, Should vs Ought to
I Giới thiệu chung về động từ khuyết thiếu
1 Cách sử dụng
Động từ khuyết thiếu được dùng để nêu lên khả năng thực hiện hành động, sự bắt buộc, khả năng xảy ra của
sự việc, vv
2 Hình thức
- Theo sau chủ ngữ và đứng trước động từ nguyên thể không có “to”
- Không chia theo chủ ngữ (trừ trường hợp “have to”)
- Thêm) “not” phía sau khi ở dạng phủ định (trừ trường hợp “have to”)
Trang 33Ví dụ: I m)ust go (Tôi phải đi rồi.)
He should not disturb her now (Anh ta không nên làm) phiền cô ấy lúc này.)
II So sánh must và have to
1 Dạng khẳng định
Must: Diễn tả sự cần thiết hay bắt buộc m)ang tính chủ quan (do người nói quyết định)
S+ must + V
Ví dụ: I m)ust finish the exercises (Tôi phải hoàn thành bài tập.)
Tình huống: I’m) going to have a party (Tôi có ý định đi dự tiệc.)
Have to: Diễn tả ý bắt buộc m)ang tính khách quan (do luật lệ, quy tắc hay người khác quyết định) S+ have to/ has to/ had to/ + V
Ví dụ: I have to finish the exercises (Tôi phải hoàn thành bài tập.)
Tình huống: Tom)orrow is the deadline (Ngày m)ai là hạn cuối.)
2 Dạng phủ định
Must not: Diễn tả ý cấm) đoán
S+ must not (mustn't) + V
Ví dụ: You m)ust not eat that (Bạn không được phép ăn cái đó.)
Tình huống: It's already stale (Nó đã bị thiu rồi.)
Not have to: Diễn tả ý không cần phải làm) gì
S+ do not (don't)/ does not (doesn't) did not (didn't)/ will not (won't)/ + have to + V
Ví dụ: You do not have to eat that (Bạn không cần phải ăn thứ đó.)
Tình huống: I can see you dislike that (Mình có thể thấy rằng bạn không thích nó.)
III So sánh should và ought to
S+ should not (shouldn't) + V
S+ ought not to (oughtn't to) + V
Ví dụ: Mrs Sm)ith shouldn't keep com)plaining (Bà Sm)ith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.)
Mrs Sm)ith oughtn't to keep com)plaining (Bà Sm)ith không nên tiếp tục phàn nàn nữa.)
Lưu ý: Dạng thức phủ định của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức phủ định của
Trang 341.3 Dạng nghi vấn:
Should +S+V
Ought + S + to + V
Ví dụ: Should we care about the environm)ent? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm) tới m)ôi trường không?)
Ought we to care about the environm)ent? (Chúng ta có nên quan tâm) tới m)ôi trường không?)
Lưu ý: Dạng thức nghi vấn của “ought to” không được sử dụng phổ biến bằng dạng thức nghi vấn của
“should”
2 Cách sử dụng
2.1 Điểm giống: Cả “should” và “ought to” được sử dụng khi hỏi và đưa ra lời khuyên hoặc gợi ý
Ví dụ: You should learn English every day (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.)
You ought to learn English every day (Bạn nên học tiếng Anh hàng ngày.)
2.2 Điểm khác: Giữa “should” và “ought to” có sự khác biệt nhỏ trong sắc thái của lời khuyên
Dùng cho lời khuyến m)ang tính chủ quan, thể hiện
quan điểm) cá nhân của người nói
Dùng với những lời khuyên m)ang yếu tố khách quan,tức là có sự tác động của ngoại cảnh như luật lệ, bổnphận hay quy tắc
Ví dụ: Linda should go to bed early
(Linda nên đi ngủ sớm).)
Ví dụ: Em)ily ought to finish the report by 10 a.m).(Em)ily nên hoàn thành bản báo cáo trước 10 giờsáng.)
PHONETICS
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
8 A generational B interpersonal C discriminative D educational
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Trang 351 A focus B open C chore D im)pose
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
1 Although Mark is 25 years old, he always assists his m)other to do the chores every day
2 Your table manners are awful - don't you know how to use a knife and fork?
3 When their children are teenagers, m)any parents struggle to com)prehend what's happening to them).
4 Having a large extended fam)ily m)akes a num)ber of problems inevitable.
5 Now that Jean’s got a job, she’s financially independent
A self-collected B self-confident C self-confessed D self-determining
6 My m)om) inaccurately believes that m)y fashion style violates societal norms.
7 Because of its geographical position, Germ)any's perspective on the situation in Russia is very different
from) Washington's
8 He's expensive, but not all his clients live flashily.
A plentifully B ostentatiously C com)fortably D fashionably
9 Incidents of arm)ed robbery have increased over the last few years
10 I am) really sad because conflict occurs constantly am)ong generations in m)y extended fam)ily.
11 I didn't go to work this m)orning I stayed at hom)e due to the m)orning rain.
Trang 36A thanks to B on account of C in spite of D in addition to
12 Since the death of Laura's father, her m)other has becom)e a breadwinner to support the fam)ily.
A a person who bakes bread every m)orning
B a person who goes out to work to earn m)oney
C a bakery-owner
D a person who delivers bread to m)ake m)oney
13 Could you take care of our children while I go away?
14 Domestic chores will no longer be a burden thanks to the inventions of laborsaving devices.
15 She was brought up in a well-off fam)ily She can’t understand the problem)s we are facing.
Exercise 4 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
1 Having an extended family, however, did not always guarantee a role.
A close fam)ily B traditional fam)ily C nuclear fam)ily D large fam)ily
2 Doctors these days tend to be m)ore open-minded about alternative m)edicine.
3 Dom)estic violence m)ust be strictly banned all around the world.
4 Jane found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
5 My children's noise is interfering with m)y ability to concentrate on m)y work.
6 Older people tend to be m)ore conservative and a bit suspicious of anything new.
7 Eventually, I m)ake the decision to follow in m)y father's footsteps and work for a state-owned enterprise.
A private-owned B public lim)ited C privately-owned D governm)ent-owned
8 When m)y parents are away on business, m)y grandm)other usually looks after us.
9 We hold m)y teacher in great respect for all of the wonderful things she has given us.
A look up to B look forwards to C look back on D look down on
10 I regretted not purchasing those trendy shoes due to a lack of funds.
Trang 3711 We arrived hom)e safe and sound
12 Never punish your children by hitting them) This m)ight teach them) to becom)e hitters.
13 She denied having stolen his m)other's m)oney.
14 Satish’s point of view was correct but his behavior with his father was quite impertinent.
15 The power failure at dinnertim)e caused consternation am)ong the city’s housewisves.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1 In Viet Nam), m)ost parents expect their children to help them) with the chores
("domestic chores" bằng nghĩa với “housework", mang nghĩa việc nhà”)
2 Living in three- or four-generational fam)ilies, com)m)only referred to as " _ fam)ilies," has both benefitsand drawbacks
("extended family” là gia đình nhiều thế hệ, so sánh với gia đình 1 thế hệ là "nuclear family")
3 Many teenagers do not like it when their parents im)pose their decision them)
("impose something on somebody", mang nghĩa “áp đặt ai theo cái gì”)
4 The advantages of the new m)ethod really the disadvantages
("outweigh”, đọc là / aʊt'weɪ/, có nghĩa “có nhiều hơn”, hay dùng với “advantages” và
"disadvantages")
5 I have a 11 p.m) If I went back hom)e after that, I'd be in trouble
("curfew”, đọc là /’kɜ:rfju:/, mang nghĩa "giờ giới nghiêm”)
6 Parents should be by offering guidance to kids without forcing their decisions on them)
A like-m)inded B narrow-m)inded C open-m)inded D absent-m)inded
("open-minded”, mang nghĩa "đầu óc cởi mở”, so sánh với “narrow-minded” là “đầu óc bó hẹp”,
“absent-minded” là “đãng trí”, “like-minded” là “suy nghĩ tương tự, cùng ý tưởng")
7 Sam) takes great in expressing her parents' com)passion while conversing
Trang 38("take (great) pleasure in doing something”, mang nghĩa "thích làm việc gì")
8 Lots of teenagers are so stubborn and refuse to their parents' advice
(follow somebody's advice”, nghĩa “nghe theo lời khuyên của ai)
9 An im)portant rule in Tim)'s fam)ily is that they have to pay visits to their grandparents in thecountryside
("pay regular visits to somebody”, nghĩa “ghé thăm ai thường xuyên”)
10 Mr John is an engineer and expects his son to follow his footsteps
(follow in somebody's footsteps" là cụm thành ngữ, mang nghĩa "theo chân, theo gương”)
11 I live in a/an in the coastal region with m)y parents and m)y older sister
A extended fam)ily B nuclear family C extended house D nuclear house
12 One advantage of living in a/an is to im)prove the interaction between children and adults
A nuclear fam)ily B nuclear house C extended family D extended house
13 In m)y opinion, fam)ily m)em)bers are responsible for
14 My grandpa is the m)ost conservative person in m)y fam)ily He never about way of life
A gives his opinion B changes his mind C gives his view D keeps in m)ind
15 After graduating from) university, I want to m)y father's footsteps
16 In a nuclear fam)ily, both m)other and father have responsibility for housekeeping and
17 Four generations living in the sam)e roof will have different of lifestyle
18 Luckily, m)y parents are always willing to listen to m)y new ideas They're very
19 My father m)e from) going hom)e after 9 p.m) at night
20 Anna often dresses when going to the parties in order to attract her friends' attention
21 We're surprised by Joe's every Monday He does so at least four tim)es per m)onth
22 I rarely eat and drink because they're not food for health
Trang 39A snack/energy drink B fast food/juice
C fruit/alcoholic drink D junk food/soft drink
23 Generation is the difference in the thoughts and viewpoints am)ongst generations living together
24 I was tired and couldn't on doing m)y research project properly
25 My parents don't let m)e get m)arried until I graduate from) university and they never their m)ind aboutthat
26 The arises when Jack and his parents have considerable disagreem)ent on his choice of university
27 I do m)orning exercise and play volleyball regularly so as to keep and be healthier
28 Since the fam)ily law was im)plem)ented, dom)estic violence has been a rare in this area
29 My father used to a lot of challenges before establishing his own insurance com)pany
30 I wish I could do som)ething to reduce financial on m)y parents
31 Parents often claim) that and soft drinks are not good for their children's health
(junk foods” hoặc “fast foods” là “thức ăn nhanh”)
32 Open com)m)unication am)ong parents and children can help create trust
("mutual trust” là cụm collocation, mang nghĩa “sự tin tưởng chung, lẫn nhau")
33 Many children do not like it when their parents them) like little kids
(treat somebody like something”, đọc là /tri:t/, mang nghĩa "đối xử với ai đó theo cách nào đó)
34 Conflicts m)ay when parents and children do not share the sam)e interests in m)usic or arts
(lưu ý từ “conflicts”, “mâu thuẫn”, sẽ đi với động từ “arise”, “xuất hiện”)
35 To m)any children, playing com)puter gam)es is a form) of
(“relaxation”, đọc là / ri:læck’seɪʃn/, nghĩa “sự giải trí, thư giãn)
Trang 4036 Tina considers herself lucky when her parents are quite sym)pathetic her and offer her valuableadvice
("be sympathetic with somebody”, đọc là /,sɪmpə'θetɪk, nghĩa “cảm thông với ai")etɪk, nghĩa “cảm thông với ai")
37 It is parents' duty and responsibility to _ hands to tae care of their children and give them) a happyhom)e
38 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done in som)e possible situations
A responsible B responsibility C responsibly D irresponsible
39 He was looking at his parents _, waiting for recom)m)endations
40 The interviews with parents showed that the vast m)ajority were _ of teachers
GRAMMAR
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
1 All students wear uniform)s at school because it is a rule
2 You finish your hom)ework before you go to bed
3 This drink isn't beneficial for health You drink it too m)uch
4 This warning sign indicates that you step on the grass
5 I think you do exercise regularly in order to keep your body in good shape
6 I will lend you som)e m)oney, but you pay it back to m)e next week
7 Hoa feed the cats because her m)other has done it already
8 Those audiences show their tickets before entering the concert hall
9 The children spend too m)uch tim)e playing com)puter gam)es
10 In case you're suffered from) the injury, you see the doctor today