NEED OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Social context and times
In recent years, especially in the period of 2010 - 2017, the labor shift by industry in our country is taking place in a reasonable and progressive direction: reducing the proportion
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Premium of agricultural laborers (from 25.5% in 2010 to 20% in 2017); increase the proportion of workers in industry (from 21% to
25.7%) and services (from 29.5% to 34%) The restructuring of labor by industry has gradually been consistent with the restructuring of the sectoral economy and
Figure 1.1: The contribution of agriculture to GDP in
(Source: Vietnamese Agriculture before and after Opening
Economy) effectively exploiting resources for economic development
The transition of labor from agriculture to industry and services has significantly boosted labor productivity In the agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors, a 1% reduction in labor leads to a 2.1% increase in productivity In the industrial and construction sectors, a 1% increase in labor results in an 8.89% rise in productivity Likewise, the service industry experiences a remarkable 16.1% increase in labor productivity with just a 1% increase in employees.
Along with the gray colors of the world about the Covid-19 pandemic, in Vietnam in 2020, the Covid-19 epidemic has
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted production and business activities, particularly affecting small businesses in essential consumption sectors, leading to revenue declines of up to 70% in just one month Despite these challenges, the world is entering a new development phase driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which enhances productivity and production capacity The rise of the sharing economy and the increasing number of multilateral and bilateral trade agreements are fostering economic growth by optimizing resources and boosting capital circulation This evolution is expected to transform labor demand, altering job structures and skill requirements rapidly Overall, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is exerting a profound and multifaceted impact on countries and societies, instigating significant changes in political, economic, and social life.
The Role of economic development policies in the economic
In the challenging period following our country's unification, the Finance sector played a crucial role by implementing numerous innovations to dismantle centralized, bureaucratic, and subsidized mechanisms It achieved significant success in managing foreign debts and contributed greatly to breaking the embargo, thereby fostering relationships with international financial institutions.
"opening the circuit" blood" of the national economy, creating financial resources to promote strong development of domestic economic sectors and actively integrate into the international economy.[ CITATION Phớ21 \l 1066 ]
The doi moi period in Vietnam marked the introduction of new financial policies that significantly contributed to the country's economic recovery, resource mobilization, and effective allocation These policies encouraged business investment, ensured equality among economic sectors, and promoted social justice Since 1992, Vietnam has shifted from issuing money to cover budget deficits to utilizing domestic and foreign concessional loans, focusing on socio-economic infrastructure development The implementation of the State Budget Law in 1996 established a legal framework for enhancing the management and efficiency of state budget usage Consequently, state budget revenue increased significantly, with total revenue from 1996 to 2000 being 2.3 times higher than the previous five years, averaging about 24.3% of GDP, thereby meeting the growing demands of state budget expenditures.
Economic Development Policy is crucial for a country's growth, as it not only fosters economic expansion but also addresses social issues, environmental protection, and enhances the quality of life for citizens A well-crafted policy can boost production, generate new job opportunities, attract investment, and elevate income levels, thereby reinforcing the nation's economic strength Additionally, it equips policymakers with the insights needed to navigate economic challenges and obstacles during the development process.
Economic development policy is crucial for addressing social issues by generating new job opportunities, which enhance individuals' income and overall quality of life Additionally, these policies contribute to the improvement of education, healthcare, and infrastructure to better serve the community's needs Furthermore, they are vital for environmental protection, as environmental degradation poses significant global challenges Thus, effective economic development policies must promote economic activities that safeguard the environment and preserve natural resources.
THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Humnal capital
The human factor is crucial for economic growth, as people are essential to a country's development Highly qualified and well-trained workers significantly enhance economic progress Additionally, entrepreneurs are vital, driving innovation and creating new products or services, which in turn generate employment and income opportunities, ultimately fostering national development.
The human factor significantly influences economic growth by fostering positive social relationships Stable social connections, characterized by solidarity and mutual respect, enhance the conditions for economic development In a supportive social environment, businesses can collaborate effectively, leading to the innovation of new products and services, the creation of job opportunities, and ultimately contributing to more sustainable development for the country.
Natural resources
Natural resources significantly impact a country's growth rate, encompassing land, water, minerals, forests, and wildlife that are essential for producing goods and services These resources generate income for many individuals through extraction and utilization, enabling countries with abundant natural resources to enhance product creation and foster economic development Additionally, natural resources play a crucial role in energy production; renewable sources like wind, solar, and hydroelectric power can lower production costs, thereby aiding in a nation's industrialization and modernization.
The overexploitation of natural resources can lead to significant environmental issues, negatively impacting a country's growth rate Unsustainable extraction of minerals, along with excessive use of water and land, deteriorates environmental quality, causes pollution, and poses risks to human health and economic development Thus, it is crucial to protect natural resources and utilize them sustainably to ensure ongoing economic progress.
Physical capital
Firstly, capital accumulation is essential for economic growth
Investing in physical and human capital enhances a firm's production efficiency, resulting in increased output per worker and a rise in GDP This growth can create jobs and elevate wages, further stimulating consumer spending and economic expansion Additionally, capital accumulation drives innovation and technological advancements as businesses strive to improve efficiency, cut costs, and create new products.
Access to capital is essential for entrepreneurs and small businesses, which are vital for economic growth by creating jobs and introducing innovative products or services However, these enterprises often struggle to secure financing due to limited collateral, insufficient credit history, or perceived high risk By offering loans or equity investments, investors can empower these businesses to expand and enhance their contributions to the economy.
The impact of capital on growth economics varies by context, with developing countries facing significant barriers to economic development due to limited access to finance In these regions, investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare are essential for fostering sustainable growth Conversely, advanced economies focus on enhancing productivity growth to maintain competitiveness, relying on investments in research and development, education, training, and technology Ultimately, capital is crucial in driving growth economics across different contexts.
Technological Knowledge
Technological knowledge plays an essential role in driving economic growth and development It is a significant factor that influences the production and efficiency of goods and services, leading to increased productivity levels and economic growth In this regard, technological advancements have revolutionized various industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, communication, and transportation, bringing about numerous benefits to society.
Technological advances enhance the creation of new products and services while improving existing ones, leading to increased efficiency and productivity that drive economic growth For instance, automation in manufacturing boosts output at lower costs, resulting in higher profits and overall economic expansion Additionally, new medical technologies have significantly improved healthcare outcomes, contributing to healthier populations and increased life expectancy Furthermore, technological knowledge fosters innovation, enabling entrepreneurs to address societal challenges and create new business opportunities This innovation enhances competition, elevating quality and reducing prices, ultimately benefiting consumer welfare and promoting economic growth.
Technological knowledge plays a crucial role in the development of human capital As employees gain new skills and insights through technology, their productivity and efficiency improve, resulting in higher output levels and contributing to economic growth.
Technological advancements have significantly enhanced the accessibility of education, enabling individuals to learn new skills and gain knowledge from remote locations This shift has contributed to an increase in human capital and has fostered economic growth.
Policies that promote economic development
Savings and investment policies play a crucial role in driving economic growth by enhancing capital availability Increased savings lead to greater investment potential, facilitating the development of new projects This surge in production not only generates new job opportunities but also attracts both domestic and foreign investors A thriving economy with numerous active projects fosters employment opportunities, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.
Savings and investment policies can hinder economic growth if excessive capital is saved without being directed towards profitable projects, resulting in waste and inefficiency This misallocation can slow down economic development and reduce competitiveness on a global scale Furthermore, poorly implemented investment policies may expose investors to risks and losses, ultimately diminishing public confidence in the economy.
Thus, there should be a balance between saving and investment by the government's promotion policies If savings are in excess, there must be policies to increase investment and vice versa.
Foreign investment is vital for a country's economic growth, as it increases employment opportunities, improves infrastructure, and boosts productivity and innovation The influx of foreign capital enhances overall economic development by providing local businesses with access to funds that may not be available through domestic sources This additional funding can expand production capacity, leading to increased output, income, and job creation Furthermore, foreign investors often introduce new technologies, managerial expertise, and business networks, positively impacting productivity and efficiency.
Foreign investment plays a crucial role in enhancing a country's economic stability by mitigating macroeconomic vulnerabilities During economic downturns, nations with significant foreign investment are often less impacted, as these investors provide essential funding that helps buffer the economy against external shocks Moreover, foreign investment reduces reliance on debt financing, thereby lowering the risk of a debt crisis It also positively influences a country's balance of payments; as investors buy local currency for their investments, this influx strengthens the local currency and improves the balance of payments A stronger currency reduces import costs, making local goods more competitive internationally, which can lead to increased exports and further economic growth.
Foreign investment plays a crucial role in driving economic growth by enhancing the availability of investment funds, mitigating macroeconomic vulnerabilities, and improving a nation's balance of payments Therefore, implementing policies that encourage foreign investment is vital for achieving sustained economic development.
Education and training play a crucial role in driving a country's economic growth By equipping individuals with essential knowledge and skills, education enhances workplace productivity and efficiency Additionally, specialized training programs enable workers to gain valuable skills, resulting in increased wages and improved job prospects.
Education and training enhance human capital, which encompasses the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for producing goods and services By investing in education and training, individuals boost their productivity and efficiency, contributing to higher economic growth rates and fostering innovation.
Competitiveness is influenced by various factors that drive economic growth and development To compare the competitiveness of different economies, a framework of institutions, policies, and structures is established, utilizing sub-indices to reflect the diversity among countries Education and training play a crucial role in this process, as they expose workers to new ideas and technologies that foster innovation By equipping individuals with essential skills, education and training enable the creation of new products and services, ultimately enhancing economic growth and competitiveness.
Education and training play a crucial role in diminishing income inequality by equipping individuals with the skills needed for higher-paying jobs This access to better employment opportunities not only enhances personal income but also serves as a pathway for social mobility, enabling those from disadvantaged backgrounds to elevate their socio-economic status.
Clear and secure property rights promote investment, as individuals and businesses have the confidence to invest in their property without fear of arbitrary confiscation or theft,
Clearly-defined property rights are crucial for attracting foreign investors, as they create a secure environment for investment This security is essential for encouraging the withdrawal of foreign capital and advanced technology, ultimately supporting long-term investment objectives.
Well-defined property rights enhance resource and capital allocation, resulting in greater productivity and output They also facilitate trade by providing buyers and sellers with a clear understanding of their exchanges, which helps prevent disputes and improves transactional efficiency.
Ownership is essential for fostering innovation, as intellectual property rights like patents and copyrights grant creators legal claims to the value of their ideas and inventions This legal protection allows them to profit from their work, incentivizing further investment in research and development Consequently, this leads to new growth opportunities and enhances overall economic productivity Additionally, property rights support the development of financial markets that promote investment and capital accumulation By enabling individuals and firms to own assets, they can leverage them as collateral for loans, encouraging entrepreneurship and job creation, ultimately driving economic growth.
Property and ownership play a crucial role in fostering economic growth by encouraging investment, innovation, and the effective distribution of resources and capital Establishing a robust legal framework that upholds property rights and intellectual property rights is vital for cultivating an environment that supports long-term economic development.
Free trade refers to the unrestricted exchange of goods and services between countries, free from tariffs, quotas, or subsidies It fosters economic growth by enhancing competition, encouraging specialization, and boosting efficiency As competition rises in domestic markets, consumers benefit from lower prices, improved quality, and a greater variety of products This heightened demand stimulates consumption and increases production, ultimately elevating economic output Additionally, free trade allows countries to focus on producing goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to greater efficiency and productivity at reduced costs.
Free trade fosters global cooperation and diminishes political tensions among nations by creating interdependence, which reduces the likelihood of conflicts and wars By lowering trade barriers, countries can establish more open and transparent trading relationships, contributing to long-term peace and stability Additionally, free trade stimulates investment and innovation, as companies are motivated to explore new markets, leading to advancements in technology, products, and services This ultimately results in enhanced productivity, job creation, and economic growth.
RESEARCH ON NEW ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Achievements after using economic development policies in Vietnam
The economy has experienced steady growth, with an average GDP growth rate of 6.8% per year from 2016 to 2019, despite challenges in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic and natural disasters Over the five-year period, the average growth rate is projected to be around 6% per year, positioning the country among the fastest-growing industrial sectors globally The industry, construction, and service sectors have been pivotal in driving this growth, with the industry and construction sector averaging a growth rate of 7.45% and the service sector at 6.2% Additionally, the contribution of industry and services to GDP increased from 82.6% in 2015 to 84.8% in 2020.
Commodity prices have remained stable, with annual inflation controlled below the target The average consumer price index (CPI) from 2016 to 2020 was 3.15%, significantly lower than the 7.7% recorded from 2011 to 2015, and well within the target range of under 4% Additionally, average core inflation was effectively managed, averaging 1.81% during the 2016-2020 period, a notable decrease from the 5.15% seen in the previous five years.
The revenue structure has positively shifted towards increasing domestic revenue, with a focus on gradually enhancing development investment expenditures while reducing recurrent spending From 2016 to 2020, domestic revenue accounted for approximately 81.6% of total state budget revenue, an increase from 68% in the 2011-2015 period Basic expenditure tasks have been executed efficiently and economically, with development investment expenditures reaching about 27-28% and recurrent expenditures decreasing from around 65% in 2011-2015 to approximately 63-64%.
The mobilization of investment capital for societal development has significantly increased, with foreign direct investment reaching a record high and its utilization efficiency gradually improving During the 2016-2020 period, total investment capital for social development is projected to reach VND 9.2 million billion, accounting for 33.7% of GDP, surpassing the target of 32-34% Notably, the share of investment capital from the non-state economic sector has risen sharply from 38.3% in 2015 to 44.9%.
2020 Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) increased sharply, registered capital reached a record of 39 billion USD (in 2019)
The balance of goods import and export has significantly improved, transitioning from a deficit to a surplus This positive and sustainable shift in the structure of imports and exports is evident, with total turnover rising from $327.8 billion in 2015 to approximately $517 billion in 2019.
In 2020, despite the significant challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, the economy achieved a remarkable milestone of 543.9 billion USD, reflecting an increase of nearly 5 billion USD This figure represents 1.7 times the previous amount and is equivalent to 200% of the GDP Additionally, commodity exports surged from 162 billion USD in 2015 to 281.5 billion USD.
2020, an average increase of 11.7% in the period 2016 - 2020[ CITATION Báo21 \l 1066 ]
2.2 Restructuring the economy in association with renovating the growth model, improving productivity, efficiency and competitiveness
The growth model has transitioned from a focus on width to depth, leading to a significant improvement in labor productivity, which increased nearly 1.5 times by 2020 compared to 2015 The average growth rate for the period from 2016 to 2020 reached 5.9% per year, surpassing the 4.3% per year growth rate of the 2011-2015 period and exceeding the target of 5% per year Additionally, the contribution of total factor productivity (TFP) has risen considerably, averaging 45.7% per year during 2016-2020, which also exceeded the established target of 30-35% per year.
- The restructuring of key areas of the economy has been drastically implemented and has achieved many positive results
The restructuring of economic sectors is yielding positive results, with a notable increase in the share of the processing industry, manufacturing, and high-tech applications The proportion of processed exports in total export value rose from 65% in 2016 to 85% in 2020 Additionally, the export value of high-tech products as a percentage of total high-tech product value increased from 63.9% in 2016 to 77.7% in 2019.
To enhance the regional economy, it is essential to strengthen linkages and connections between various regions and sub-regions The rapid pace of urbanization is closely tied to industrialization, modernization, and rural development.
- The investment and business environment has been strongly improved, newly established enterprises have increased in both quantity and registered capital.[ CITATION Báo21 \l
2.3 The situation of culture, society and people's life
To enhance labor restructuring and job creation for domestic workers, various solutions have been implemented, including sending workers abroad under contracts The unemployment rate among the working-age population has remained low and is gradually decreasing By 2020, the share of agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers in the total workforce dropped to approximately 32.8%, significantly lower than the 44% recorded in 2015, surpassing the target of under 40% Additionally, social security policies have been promoted, with social insurance coverage expanding to reach 32.7% of the eligible labor force by 2020, thereby broadening the scope of beneficiaries for social benefits.
The National Target Program for Sustainable Poverty
Between 2016 and 2020, a significant reduction in poverty was achieved by transitioning from a single-dimensional to a multi-dimensional approach, specifically targeting the most disadvantaged groups and households As a result, the percentage of poor households, as defined by the multidimensional poverty line, fell from 9.88% at the end of 2015 to below 3%.
2020, on average in the period 2016-2020, it will decrease by more than 1.4%/year Essential infrastructure in poor districts, poor communes and ethnic minority areas has been strengthened.
The expansion of regimes and policies for individuals with meritorious services includes increased annual allowances and a focus on resolving backlog files Children's rights are being effectively implemented, with an emphasis on education and skills for child protection, prevention, and intervention for victims of violence and abuse, particularly sexual abuse There is a strong commitment to addressing child abuse incidents Additionally, the ethnic minority policy system has been enhanced, providing comprehensive coverage across various fields and allowing localities to organize and implement these policies effectively, while also integrating measures to reduce policy overlap and redundancy.
Health care services have significantly improved, leading to enhanced population health and a gradual resolution of local hospital overcrowding By 2020, the average life expectancy is projected to reach 73.7 years, up from 73.3 years in 2015 Ongoing efforts to maintain a low fertility rate and address sex imbalances at birth are being implemented, alongside measures to reduce obstetric complications and lower maternal and child mortality rates The total fertility rate is expected to stabilize at the replacement level of 2.12 children per woman by 2020.
Cultural activities remain a focal point of interest, with significant investments and developments in physical training and high-achievement sports yielding notable successes The journalism sector is also evolving, showcasing a rich and diverse landscape Cultural and artistic initiatives, including exhibitions and propaganda, are being organized extensively from central to grassroots levels, effectively supporting key political and cultural events These efforts contribute to enhancing the cultural and spiritual well-being of the population while promoting the country's sports and tourism sectors.
Limitations in Vietnam's economic development policy
3.1 Regarding economic restructuring associated with growth model innovation
Agricultural development faces challenges due to unsustainable factors and unstable growth The pace of production organization renovation remains slow, with most agricultural enterprises and cooperatives operating on a small scale and lacking effective management.
Industrial development has fallen short of the goals of industrialization and modernization, lacking sustainability Additionally, a robust and competitive domestic industry has yet to emerge, and a leading spearhead industry has not taken on a pivotal role.
- Service quality is still low, service sector restructuring is still slow, service exports are still limited.
The construction industry is not progressing in line with its potential, as the competitiveness of construction enterprises and key high-tech products remains limited.
The socialist-oriented market economy institution lacks synchronization and adequacy, hindering the efficient operation of the market Key markets, particularly the land use rights and science and technology markets, are slow to develop and face numerous challenges Additionally, the development of modern infrastructure is insufficient and uneven across regions The number of new construction and transportation projects from 2016 to 2020 fell short of development plans, including those funded by the state budget and public-private partnerships.
The rapid expansion of urban spaces is not matched by improvements in urban quality, leading to low planning standards and uncontrolled population changes in major cities Despite the large number of small cities, urban infrastructure systems are failing to meet the demands of socio-economic development and the increasing urban population, particularly in critical areas such as traffic management, drainage, and waste treatment.
The quality of human resources, particularly high-quality talent, falls short of development needs, with an overemphasis on theoretical knowledge and insufficient focus on practical skills, social competencies, and creativity Educational and training innovations are progressing slowly and inefficiently, while the school system suffers from poor distribution and degradation in certain areas Additionally, there is a lack of investment in university infrastructure, especially in laboratories and practical facilities, making it challenging to train in specific professions Furthermore, there is no established mechanism to order training for various industries and fields.
Science, technology, and innovation are not effectively enhancing labor productivity or competitiveness, hindering socio-economic development Labor productivity remains significantly lower than in neighboring countries, with the gap continuing to expand The national innovation system lacks synchronization and effectiveness, while the science and technology market is developing slowly, with a scarcity of reputable intermediaries to connect supply and demand.
3.3 On social and environmental issues
Vietnam's population is currently experiencing an aging trend, with significant disparities in health indices across different regions While there has been a gradual improvement in the stature and physical strength of the Vietnamese people, gender imbalance is on the rise Additionally, the distribution of the population remains unbalanced, and spontaneous migration patterns are becoming increasingly complex.
Job quality remains inadequate, with a significant percentage of workers in unstable positions Many graduates struggle to secure employment, and a large portion of the workforce is still engaged in the informal sector While there have been efforts to reduce multidimensional poverty, these results are not sustainable, and the risk of reverting to poverty remains high Additionally, there are concerns about the exploitation of poverty reduction policies for profit.
There are significant disparities in the quality of medical examination and treatment services, as well as access to basic healthcare, across different regions and levels Many areas suffer from inadequate infrastructure and substandard medical equipment, alongside weak preventive medicine and a shortage of qualified health professionals Additionally, the management of medications remains lax, and some medical staff exhibit poor ethical standards.
The degradation of morals and lifestyles within families, schools, and society is a growing concern, leading to widespread frustration Social safety remains inadequate, particularly in areas such as traffic, food hygiene, and medical safety Additionally, there are significant shortcomings in gender equality and the protection of women and children Current punitive measures are insufficient to serve as effective deterrents.
The cultural environment exhibits unhealthy aspects that contrast with the nation's rich customs and traditions There remains a significant disparity in cultural enjoyment across different regions Additionally, the prevalence of poverty among ethnic minority and mountainous households is alarmingly high, hindering sustainable poverty reduction efforts Furthermore, these areas continue to face challenges with high dropout rates and re-illiteracy.
The unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, particularly land, is characterized by inefficient management and a lack of adherence to market principles This has led to inadequate valuation and use of land, especially in determining taxes and land rents, resulting in significant losses in state budget revenue Furthermore, the assessment and sustainable utilization of natural resources, natural capital, and the values of ecosystems and landscapes remain insufficient Additionally, urban solid waste management is limited, contributing to pollution in the water environment of certain urban areas.
Assess the effectiveness of the economic development policies of the
development policies of the Government of Vietnam
Between 2016 and 2020, despite facing numerous challenges and uncertainties in socio-economic development, significant achievements were made The collective efforts of the political system, the Party, the people, the army, and the business community led to remarkable progress, particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The economy faces significant limitations and challenges, with socio-economic development not aligning with its potential and lacking sustainability Economic growth is below planned targets, failing to close the gap with regional counterparts Productivity, quality, and competitiveness remain low, lacking a foundation in science, technology, and innovation Strategic breakthroughs and economic restructuring have not achieved significant progress, and the growth model remains overly reliant on external factors, neglecting domestic value chains Cultural, social, and environmental protections are insufficient, and social management has not kept pace with development needs Issues such as moral degradation, domestic violence, and child abuse contribute to social unrest, while the wealth gap continues to widen, particularly affecting ethnic minorities and disaster-stricken areas Additionally, the benefits of international integration have yet to be fully realized.
Some solutions to improve the effectiveness of economic policies in Vietnam
Lessons learned while applying the economic development policy of the Party and State in the 2016-2020 period:
Firstly, ensure national sovereignty, maintain socio-political stability, peaceful environment, and create favorable conditions for the development of the country.
This article explores the intricate relationship between rapid growth and sustainable development, emphasizing the balance between economic expansion and macroeconomic stability in socio-economic progress It also examines the interplay between a market economy and socialist principles, as well as the dynamics of independence, self-reliance, and international integration.
A robust legal framework must be established, aligned with contemporary thinking and practical realities, while ensuring effective organization This includes reforming government structures at all levels to create a development-oriented state grounded in integrity and action Emphasizing balance and efficiency is crucial in all phases of mobilizing, allocating, and utilizing resources for socio-economic development.
Placing individuals at the heart of development is essential for ensuring that the benefits of economic progress are shared widely By promoting cultural values and the unique identity of the Vietnamese people, we can ignite a strong sense of patriotism and collective ambition, harnessing the strength of the entire nation for future growth.
Recognizing education, training, science, technology, and innovation as crucial pillars is essential for the nation's progress, enabling it to keep pace with regional and global advancements while mitigating the risk of falling behind.
In order to enhance economic development in the period of 2021-2025, the Party and State of Vietnam have proposed a lot of promotion policies, specifically:[ CITATION Ngh21 \l 1066 ]
The dual objectives of preventing the COVID-19 epidemic while fostering socio-economic recovery must be prioritized based on the specific circumstances and locations Ensuring public health, safeguarding lives, and maintaining social security are essential in this approach.
- Continue to build and complete synchronously the development institution, first of all, the socialist-oriented market economy institution.
- Accelerate economic restructuring in association with renovating the growth model, improving productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness; development of digital economy and digital society.
- Enhance mobilization, allocation and efficient use of resources.
- Promote the construction and development of a synchronous and modern strategic infrastructure system.
- Improve the quality of human resources associated with innovation, use and strongly develop science and technology.
- Promote the development of regional linkages, economic zones and urban development.
Promoting cultural values and the strength of Vietnamese unity is essential for achieving social progress and justice This focus enhances living standards while ensuring a harmonious connection between economic development and social culture.
- Strengthen resource management and environmental protection; proactively prevent and limit the harmful effects of natural disasters and adapt to climate change.
Socio-economic development is closely linked to strengthening defense and security capabilities, as well as the unwavering commitment to safeguarding national independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity It is essential to foster a peaceful and stable environment to promote the country's growth and development.
- Improve the efficiency of foreign affairs, proactively and actively integrate into the world comprehensively and deeply, enhancing the position and prestige of Vietnam in the international arena
[1] V N Agency, “(Interactive) Vietnam's GDP through 35 years of renovation,” GDP of Viet Nam though 35 years of renovation, 2021
Hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế đã trở thành một điểm sáng quan trọng trong công tác đối ngoại của Việt Nam trong năm 2020 Sự kiện này không chỉ thể hiện nỗ lực của đất nước trong việc mở rộng quan hệ quốc tế mà còn góp phần nâng cao vị thế của Việt Nam trên trường quốc tế Việc tham gia vào các hiệp định thương mại tự do và các tổ chức kinh tế toàn cầu đã tạo ra nhiều cơ hội cho phát triển kinh tế và thu hút đầu tư.
Bài viết của N Q Hoa năm 2022 đề cập đến bối cảnh và yêu cầu của công tác giáo dục pháp luật cho người lao động tại các doanh nghiệp ở Việt Nam Tác giả nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc nâng cao nhận thức pháp luật trong môi trường làm việc, nhằm bảo vệ quyền lợi của người lao động và thúc đẩy sự phát triển bền vững của doanh nghiệp Quan điểm của bài viết cho thấy sự cần thiết phải cải thiện các chương trình giáo dục pháp luật để đáp ứng nhu cầu thực tiễn và tạo ra một môi trường làm việc an toàn, công bằng.
[4] H Đ Phớc, “Vai trò của chính sách tài chính trong phát triển kinh tế - xã hội của đất nước,” Thời báo Tài chính Việt Nam, 2021.
[5] N G Mankiw, Principle of Economics 8th Edition, Cengage Learning,