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Wounded, he recuperated in a Milan hospital among injured Italian soldiers, an experience that would provide the background for his 1927 story ‘‘In Another Country.’’ This is also where

IN ANOTHER COUNTRY

ERNEST HEMINGWAY

Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park,

Illinois, into an upper-middle-class family His parents were Clarence Hemingway ( 1871-1828) and Grace Hall Hemingway ( 1872- 1951).

By the time he was in high school he had

developed an interest in literature, writing for his school newspaper and its literary magazine

When the United States entered World War I

Hemingway volunteered as an ambulance driver for the Red Cross in Italy Wounded, he

recuperated in a Milan hospital among injured Italian soldiers, an experience that would provide the background for his 1927 story ‘‘In Another Country.’’ This is also where he met nurse Agnes von Kurowsky, the inspiration for Catherine

Barkeley in his novel A Farewell to Arms.

Not everyone knows that

Ernest Hemingway had a

period of being mentally ill in 1950.

1926

Pulizer Prize 1953

Nobel Prize-winning author Ernest Hemingway once wrote a short story and become an anecdote in his life That story includes only 6 words: For sale: baby shoes, never worn.

For sale: Baby shoes, never worn.

Hemingway said that only the tip of the iceberg showed in fiction—your reader will see only what

is above the water—but the knowledge that you have about your character that never makes it into the story acts as the bulk of the iceberg And that

is what gives your story weight and gravitas.

He is also famous for the ICEBERG THEORY.

Ernest Hemingway's wives

Hadly Richardson (marriaged in 1921)

Pauline Pfeiffer (marriaged in 1927)

Martha Gellhorn (marriaged in 1940)

Mary Welsh (marriaged in 1946)

In 1960, after suffering a mental breakdown, he entered the Mayo Clinic to undergo electrotherapy He killed himself in his home in Ketchum, Idaho in 1961.

Historical background:

The story is about an ambulance corps member in Milan during

WWI Although unnamed, he’s assumed to be “Nick Adams”, a

character Hemingway made to represent himself This story was

published in the book “Men Without Women” by Ernest

Hemingway in 1927 Hemingway’s writing style was fundamentally shaped in reaction to his experiences of WWI

bravery of the 3 young

Italians that is also

contrasted by the

Major.

InjuryBoth the American soldier and the Italian Major are shown to be injured and in the hospital, and as mentioned, a close friend of the American soldier has a missing

nose.

LossThe loss of the Major’s wife

of his awards and for being an

America.

The talk between the American Soldier and the Major.

When we find out the majors wife had died

The Major cannot resign himself and stays away for a few days then returns but

he is hopeless

The sad ending Major looks out the window

Major character Dynamic character Protagonist

Progresses from hopeless to hopeful

The Doctor:

Minor character Dynamic character Negative impact on main character

Causes hopelessness

The Comrades:

Minor characters Static character Positive impact on main character

In the fall in Milan, a group of soldiers wounded in World War I receives

treatment at a hospital not far from the front The narrator is Nick Adams, an

American former football player, who has been wounded in the knee He sits in a row of machines that exercise his leg with a middle-aged Italian officer who was once a fencing champion but who now has a withered hand Despite the

encouragement of his doctor, the Italian has no confidence in the machines

Nick describes the group of friends he has made at the hospital: three wounded Italian officers who had planned to be a lawyer, painter, and soldier before the war, respectively All three, like Nick, have won medals from the Italian government for their service during the war The aspiring lawyer, in fact, has three, and is admired for it.

Another young wounded soldier tags along with Nick and his group, but has to wear a handkerchief over his face as most of it was damaged and rebuilt during the war Nick feels a kinship with the officers because they have all, to a certain extent, been through the same experiences, and because it is safer for officers to stick

together in Milan as the local people despise and taunt them

SUMMARY

At the same time, there is a wall between Nick and the Italians because, as he says, he received his medal for being an American, and they actually

performed feats of bravery to receive theirs Nick feels closer to the boy with the handkerchief because he was wounded before he had a chance to prove himself in the war

As Nick returns to the hospital daily to sit in the machines that exercise his leg, the major with the withered hand teaches him Italian One day, the major

becomes angry when Nick mentions he plans to marry, saying that men must not marry because they will inevitably lose their wives Then he apologizes to Nick, explaining that his young wife has just died

Thereafter, each time the major returns to the hospital to use the machines, he stares out the window rather than paying any attention to his treatment.

LITERARY DEVICES

Style:

+ First Person point of view: ‘I’

+ Stressed emotions result+ Repetition and polysyndeton

Imagery

+ Metaphor: HAWK+ Short sentences, objective tone, few adverbs/ adjectives, sharp concrete image

+ Contrast:

cold< >stiff warm< >due to chara firehospital: old< > beautiful

-The first half of this very short story: the setting, other observations and creates an atmosphere of alienation, related to the narrator's own sense of insecurity

-In contrast to the three young "hawks", the Narrator doesn't feel comfortable bragging about his medals He is drawn to the major, who is obviously a brave man but doesn't talk about it

-The major does not believe the machines but continues to come

to the hospital and use them

-When the major bursts out into a vindictive attack against marriage, the narrator is caught off balance by the major's intense, emotional explosion because the major has usually exhibited superbly disciplined control of himself

-The major is sardonic about doctors When a doctor tellsthe narrator that he will play football again, the major wants to know if he too will ever play football again

- The major is realistic about the therapeutic value of the machines He points out that if he and Nick are the first to use them, where did the doctor get the "before and after" pictures?

The conflict of the story is a subtle emotional conflict regarding the possibility of emotional rehabilitation

• The isolation the narrator feels cannot be

overcome by machines and cannot be overcome by a recovery from his injury.

• He "cannot resign" himself to his loss and

so is bound to continue to suffer from it,

an emotional injury that cannot be overcome.

Conflict in “In another

country”

Conflict in “In another

country”

The narrator's conflict is , essentially, the same as he struggles to see a path to emotional and psychological recovery after the loss of his confidence, his idealism, and his health.

Metaphor

The image of animals lying stiff in death is similar to soldiers meet their deaths on the battlefield, it reminds of coldness and cheerlessness A cold of the soldiers' soul is partly reflected by the cold outside.

The author used ideological struggles of the soldier as a metaphoric image to imply the meaning of the story: In the same country, there's still isolation caused by war; some people support, some do not At the end of the story, the major looking outside the window implies the dispirited desperation after great losses that made the major depressed and not dreaming about a better future.

Metaphor

“And will I too play

football,

captain-doctor?”

The climax

• He had been given medals

simply for being an American.

• “I am utterly unable to resign myself,” he said and choked.

• The dialogue

• Iceberg theory

When the major told them that his wife

died

Courage Consequences of war

Meaning of “In another country” story

Loss, failure, and ruin

MEANING

Loss, failure, and ruin

Loss, failure, and ruin permeate this story Many of the characters fight against a loss of function, a loss of purpose, and even a loss of faith

Almost all the characters in the story are portrayed vividly For example, two characters lose the normal use of a limb the narrator (leg) and the major (hand)

According to the beginning of this story, they are out of war and recovering at a military hospital but it becomes clear that they are in need of mental and emotional healing more than physical treatment in order to fade the war’s effects away

There are strong underlying currents of conflict, emptiness, disability that spread out on this story Detachment and fear of death are pervasive.

Loss, failure, and ruin

For the soldiers, courage is not just facing enemy fire on the front line but also picking up the pieces

of their damaged lives and facing the prospect of tomorrow

Consequences of war

War, it seems, is forever.

The disastrous effects of war on war victims were presented in Hemingway’s fictions The war not only caused millions of deaths but also disturbed the daily routine of society and produced harmful effects on the living and the survivals The war destroyed the hope and future of people even though wars were over

1 How does "In Another Country" illustrate modernism?

2 In "In Another Country," why is the narrator in Milan?

3 Analyze the most important symbolic image in "In Another Country."

4 Discuss the theme of war in In Another Country.

5 What is the significance of setting in "In Another Country"?

6 What do you think the doctor's thoughts about the major and the narrator are

in the short story

7 What is an example of parallelism in the short story "In Another Country"?

8 Analyze the tone of the short story "In Another Country." Which specific

words influence the tone

9 In "In Another Country," how is the narrator isolated and different from the young Italian

10 What is a literary analysis of "In Another Country" by Ernest Hemingway?

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

11 What is the significance of the setting in Hemingway's short story "In Another Country"?

12 The wounded soldiers in the story are "in another country" in the sense of being taken out of

13 Why did the major say ugly things to the narrator in the short story "In Another Country"?

14 In the dialogue between the narrator and the major (lines 113-146), what kind of loss has the

15 In Hemingway's short story "In Another Country," does the narrator seem to belong to the lost

16 In the story "In Another Country," why does the boy with the handkerchief on his face

have no

17 What does the narrator say about the machines at the hospital?

18 In Hemingway's "In Another Country", the major said a man must not fight, marry, cry,

21 What emotions does "In Another Country" probably bring out in most people?

22 When the narrator says the wounded soldiers "were all very polite and interested in what was the

23 In Hemingway's "In Another Country," why does the narrator go to the hospital every day?

24 What is the effect of the narrator's grammar lessons?

25 What does the narrator suggest when he states that they do not go to war anymore in

"In Another

26 In Another Country, how does the major’s behavior represent the modernist writer’s take on

27 What is the significance of setting in "In Another Country"?

28 What is the climax of the story "In Another Country?"

29 In the story "In Another Country," why does the narrator frequently mention the

31 Why is the narrator in Milan in Ernest Hemingway's In Another Country?

32 What does the plot contribute to the total effect of "In Another Country?"

33 What does each character from "In Another Country" want (succeed or fail)?

34 What does the characterization contribute to the total effect of "In Another Country"?

35 World War I caused feelings of disillusionment What are three situations that reflect this

36 In his “In Another Country,” how does Ernest Hemingway convey the narrator’s

suspicion

37 What advice does the major give the narrator toward the end of the story "In Another Country"?

38 How does "In Another Country" illustrate modernism?

39 Does "In Another Country" reflect the sense of disillusionment that arose among the writers and

40 What is the symbolism of the portraits at the end of the story, "In Another Country"?

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

41 What examples can be used to support this statement: "In Another

Country," the machines symbolize

42 What is Hemingway's "philosophy of war" in "Another Country"?

Who are the men discussed in the story "In Another Country" and what is happening to them?

43 What is the theme of "In Another Country"?

44 Explain the characteristics of modernism in the story "In Another

Country" by Ernest Hemingway?

45 What is the message of the story "In Another Country"?Ernest

Hemingway

46 What is the message of the story "In Another Country"?

47 What is one internal conflict in "In Another Country"?Ernest

Hemingway

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

48 Does the short story "In Another Country" connect with any of Hemingway's novels?

49 What is the message of the story, "In Another Country"?

50 What is the conflict of the story "In Another Country" by Ernest Hemingway?

51 In Hemingway's short story, "In Another Country," do the dead animals hanging outside the shops

52 In "In Another Country," why is the narrator in Milan?

53 In In Another Country, how is the Major different from the other wounded men?

54 What is said about the medals and patriotism of soldiers in "In Another Country" and how do they

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION

http://gocsan.blogspot.com/2011/11/in-• Hemingway,(1927) Men without women: In another country.United States

• Hemingway’s short story.(2016) Retrieved from:

another-country

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/h/hemingways-short-stories/summary-and-analysis/in-Thank you for your attention