Topic exports of germany in the period 2015 to 2022 and suggestions forvietnam

Formany years, Germany remained the third largest importer and exporter of goods inthe world after the US and China.. According to ITC Trademap statistics, in 2020,Germany's total import

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Table of contents

A Introduction 2

B Main content 4

1 Overview of Germany's economic development, trade and investment 4

1.1 Economy 4

1.2 Trade 7

1.3 Investment 8

2 Germany’s export 9

2.1 List of embargoed countries 9

2.2 Overview of Germany's export in the period 2015 to 2022 12

2.3 Types of German export products 14

2.4 Trade regulations in Germany 14

2.5 German export process 15

3 Suggested to Vietnam from export of German 16

3.1 Characteristics of Vietnam's commodity market 16

3.2 Current status of Germany’s goods exports 17

3.3 Vietnam's key export industrial products 18

3.4 Export application of the German economy in Vietnam 19

C Conclusion 21

D References 22

Exports of goods and services represent an important part of a country'sincome Their share in real gross domestic product (GDP) varies with the size andopenness of countries Beyond their mere quantitative importance, aggregateexports provide an indication of how well a country is progressing towardsintegration into the world economy Indeed, in the " process of converting separatenational economies into an integrated world economy " called globalization thattook off nearly two decades ago, international trade in goods and services is onechannel through which this integration has been achieved

According to the Department of Trade Promotion (Ministry of Industry andTrade), the Federal Republic of Germany is known as one of the most "fastidious"consumer markets in the world German consumers are often very picky,

“conservative” and loyal to familiar brands An estimated 60% of Germanconsumers are willing to buy the same brand repeatedly (Santandertrade, 2021).Therefore, Germans often prefer to use European Union (EU) products, nationaland local products However, in recent times, German consumers have also becomemore open to international goods

For agricultural products, although accounting for a small proportion of totalimport turnover, Germany is still the EU country that imports the most fresh andprocessed vegetables and fruits (US$23.1 billion), tea and coffee coffee - spice.Flavors ($4 billion) processed seafood ($1.65 billion), honey ($274 million (according to Trademap ITC data in 2020)

Germany is the EU's largest economy and the fourth largest in the world Formany years, Germany remained the third largest importer and exporter of goods inthe world (after the US and China) According to ITC Trademap statistics, in 2020,Germany's total import-export turnover is 2.550 billion USD (accounting for about67% of Germany's GDP), of which exports reach 1.378 billion USD and importsreach 1.172 billion USD.

The core content of this essay lies in analyzing the export activities of Germany

in the period from 2015 to 2022, thereby summarizing and giving ways to developVietnam's exports

B Main content

1 Overview of Germany's economic development, trade and investment 1.1 Economy

1.1.1 Overview of economic development

German economy - the fifth largest economy in the world in terms of GDP(PPP) and the largest in Europe - Germany is a leading exporter of machinery,vehicles, chemicals and equipment family and benefit from a skilled workforce.Like its Western European neighbors, Germany faces significant demographicchallenges to sustain long-term sustainable growth Low birth rates and fallingimmigration are increasing pressure on the country's social welfare system andnecessitating structural reforms Reforms by German Chancellor GerhardSCHROEDER (1998-2005) were needed to address high annual unemploymentand low average growth, contributing to strong growth and falling unemployment.These advances, as well as government subsidies and reductions in working hours,help explain the relatively low rise in unemployment during the 2008-2009recession - the deepest recession since World War II and down 5.3% in 2014.The German government introduced a minimum wage of around $11.60 anhour, effective from 2015 Efforts to encourage and stabilize started in 2008 and

2009 and tax cuts were introduced in Chancellor Angela Merkel's second termincreased the total Germany's budget deficit – including federal, state andgovernment budgets – rose to 4.1 per cent in 2010, however spending cuts and

higher tax collection reduced the deficit to 0.8 per cent in from 2011, to 2012Germany achieved a budget surplus of 0.1%.

Balanced Budget 2014 A constitutional amendment in 2009 aimed to limit thegovernment deficit to no more than 0.35% of GDP per year until 2016 although thistarget was achieved in 2012 After the disaster The explosion of a nuclear reactor inFukushima-Japan in March 2011, German Chancellor Angela Merkel announced inMay 2011, eight of the country's 17 nuclear reactors would have to be shut downimmediately and the remaining plants will close in 2022 Germany hopes toreplace nuclear power with renewables, which account for about 34% of totalenergy consumption, up from 9% in 2000 With the closure of eight plants,Germany was dependent on nuclear energy, which accounted for 23% of electricitysupply and 46% of electricity generation

1.1.2 Germany's key economic sectors

Germany is one of the leading industrialized countries in the world, ranked 4th

in the world after the US, China and Japan in GDP, ranked second in the world interms of exports (in 2012 exports 1381 billion euros, +4, 5%) The main industriesare car manufacturing, machinery and equipment manufacturing, chemical industry,electrical and electronic engineering industry Since 1975 Germany has been amember of the G8

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Source: Share of economic sectors in gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021

Industry: The main industries are automobile manufacturing, machinery andequipment manufacturing, chemical industry, electrical and electronic engineeringindustry

Agriculture: Most of Germany's area is used for agriculture, but only 2-3% ofthe German population works in this industry The North Coast region specializes

in dairy cows and horses The foothills of the Alps focus on raising poultry, pigs,cows and sheep The fertile strip of land along the southern slopes of the lowlands

is where wheat, barley, cereals, sugar beets, fruit trees, potatoes, and grapes aregrown Germany is among the world's largest producers of milk, dairy products,and meat Agriculture in Germany is regulated by EU agricultural policy

Services: Thrives in recent years and now contributes the most to GDP.Frankfurt is Germany's largest financial center and one of the world's leadingfinancial centers

1.2 Trade

Exports are very important in the German economy, employing about 25% ofthe workforce Germany is the second largest exporter in the world (after China)with a value of over 1000 billion euros in 2013 and is also the third largest importmarket in the world (after the US and China) with a about 930 billion USD.Manufacturing and technology products account for 60% of exports, includingmachinery, electronics, automobiles, chemical products, food, textiles, optical andelectrical instruments The main imported goods are machinery, means of transport,and chemicals Germany's most important trading partners are the EU, the US, andChina The EU market accounts for nearly 60% of exports German exports outsidethe EU, especially to emerging markets such as China and India, tend to increaserapidly

Foreign trade is one of the key factors in the success of the German economy.Exports play a vital role in the German economy and are one of the largest foreignexchange earners Germany's main exports include machinery, electronics,automobiles, chemical products, food, textiles, optical and electrical instruments

As a country heavily dependent on foreign trade, Germany also imports manygoods and is the second largest importer in the world Major imports are machinery,vehicles, chemicals, tobacco, food, beverages, metals and petroleum products

1.3 Investment

Germany has an attractive investment environment thanks to its possession ofmany technologies, know-how, a geopolitical position in the heart of Europe, high-quality infrastructure, mature legislation, and high-quality human resources Due torising labor costs, Germany has the advantage of attracting investment in industriesthat use technology and capital, and gradually loses its advantage in industries that

use labor Corporate tax reforms at par with the world average provide a certainadvantage for reducing investment costs in Germany, helping Germany to remainattractive for investment.

Germany is also a big investor holding a lot of source technology Every year,Germany invests abroad about 30-45 billion euros, mainly focusing on EUcountries and China

Since 1998, Germany has started to focus on providing ODA to a few keycountries Germany's ODA recipients include about 70 countries, divided into twocategories: focus countries and development partner countries Germany's annualODA budget is around 3-4 billion Euros for various sectors Currently, Germandevelopment aid accounts for 0.28% of GDP Germany has committed to spend0.33% of GDP on development aid and is striving to achieve the year target of0.7% of GDP by 2015 on development aid in line with the target set by the UnitedNations

2 Germany’s export

2.1 List of embargoed countries

For foreign policy or security policy reasons, restrictions, some of which are considerable, have been placed on certain countries, which curb trade with the country concerned Whether exports may be made from Germany therefore also depends on the destination of an export shipment

Basically, there are three categories of embargo measures:

Arms embargo - prohibits the export of armaments to the country concerned,

usually based on Section 74 of the German Foreign Trade and Payments Ordinance

Partial embargo - specific prohibitions and limitations of trade with the

country concerned, as laid down by European Union regulations

Total embargo - all trade is prohibited, as laid down in European Union

regulations

Depending on the objective of the specific trade restriction, the type and extent

of the embargo rules include various restrictions and prohibitions which

supplement or strengthen other restrictions laid down elsewhere, and which are not limited to the country of destination

Usually within the framework of the country-specific embargo measures additional prohibitions or authorisation requirements for the export of products to the country concerned are introduced, as well as a variety of other restrictions which confine foreign trade to a greater or a lesser extent

There is a prohibition on the provision of funds and economic resources to specific individuals, organisations and institutions

The procedures that are indirectly related to an exportation, such as payments, agency services or technical assistance may also be restricted on the basis of embargo measures

The following link leads to a list of all the embargoed countries and a summary

of the embargo restrictions that must be directly observed when products are exported

The following list of sanctions imposed on the respective countries is an abbreviated and incomprehensive list for reference purposes only Legally binding are solely the legal texts printed in the Official Journal of the European Union

(formerly the Official Journal of the European Communities) and/or the German Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger), as amended.

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)

 Central African Republic

In addition to the embargo measures that apply to specific countries, several non-country-specific restrictive embargo measures (for example, anti-terrorism regulation, anti-torture regulation) as well as the prohibitions and restrictions of

foreign trade under the EC Dual-Use Regulation, the Foreign Trade and Payments Act, and the Foreign Trade Ordinance that must be observed.

2.2 Overview of Germany's export in the period 2015 to 2022

Source: The world bank data

The line graph indicated the volatility of the amount of Germany's export in theperiod 2015 to 2022 The first thing to note is that Germany's export altereddramastically in 7 years of research The diagram shown the amount of export in

2015 was 1575 billion US dollars corresponding to 46.92% gdp of germany thatyear The diagram shown the amount of export in 2016 was 1598 billion US dollarscorresponding to 46.07% gdp of germany that year The diagram shown the amount

of export in 2017 was 1740 billion US dollars corresponding to 47.17% gdp ofgermany that year The diagram shown the amount of export in 2018 was 1881billion US dollars corresponding to 47.30% gdp of germany that year,

increase from 2017 The diagram shown the amount of export in 2019 was 1812billion US dollars corresponding to 46.62% gdp of germany that year, 3.64%decline from 2018 The diagram shown the amount of export in 2020 was 1669billion US dollars corresponding to 43.42% gdp of germany that year, 7.88%decline from 2019 duo to the effection of covid-19 pandemic The diagram shownthe amount of export in 2021 was 2004 billion US dollars corresponding to 47.46%gdp of germany that year, up to 20.02% increase from 2020.

2.3 Types of German export products

Source: Destatis statisticches Bundesamt

Germany is a top exporter for vehicles and cars parts, machinery,

pharmaceuticals, industrial oils and alcohols The first place in Germany’s

by vehicle spare parts with 4% of the exports The third place is occupied by pharmaceuticals and aircraft spare parts with a percentage of almost 4 Among other products that Germany exports there are also petroleum, industrial machinery,

computers, and medical devices The countries Germany exports most to are Franceand the United States that import about 8% of Germany’s products, followed by China and the United Kingdom with almost 6%, The Netherlands, Italy, Austria andBelgium with almost 5% and countries like Russia, Spain, Japan and Turkey where Germany exports just a small percentage of its goods.

2.4 Trade regulations in Germany

When it comes to taxes, Germany’s taxation system applies import turnover tax(Einfuhrumsatzsteuer) of 19% form countries outside the European Union, and 7%tax for certain categories of products However, this tax can be deducted as an inputtax (Vorsteuer) EORI registration in Germany is needed for companies engaged intrade activities

According to EU regulations there is a Tariff of the Community, also known asTARIC (Tarif Intégré de la Communauté) that enables rules for goodsimported from other EU member states, or goods exported outside theCommunity Germany has a list of import (Einfuhrliste) with rules for somecategories of products that require licenses or restrictions are applied The tariffsand licenses for these products can be verified online German VAT registration isrequired, according to the current threshold

Import and export companies interested in IP rights can start the processfor trademark registration in Germany once they are incorporated

2.5 German export process