Project Progress Report:" Development of clam culture for improvement and diversification of livelihoods of the poor coastal communities in Central Vietnam - MS04 " pptx

Project Implementation Progress - Workshop on farmer participated on farm trials.. - Development of operational protocol for on farm trails - Production of required number of spats: expe

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development

Collaboration for Agriculture & Rural Development

(CARD)

027/05VIE

Development of clam culture for improvement and diversification of livelihoods of the poor coastal communities in Central Vietnam

November 2007 to April 2008

Table of Contents

1 Institute Information 5

2 Contact Officer(s) 5

3 Project Abstract 6

4 Executive Summary 6

3 Project Implementation Progress 7

3.1 Key Highlights 7

3.2 Key outcome 7

4 Introduction & Background 7

4.1 Specific objectives 8

4.2 Outputs 8

5 Progress to Date 8

Implementation Highlights 8

5.1.1 Workshop to formalise the collaboration for ‘on farm’ trials 8

5.1.2 Expression of interest and feedback from farmers 17

5.1.3.Study tour 19

5 2 Revised experiment on larval rearing 23

5.2.1 Experiment 1: 23

Method 23

5.2.2 Experiment 2 26

5.2.3 Experiment 3 28

5.2.4 Discussion and conclusion 30

5.3 Propagation of the technologies (on farm trials level) 31

5.4 Smallholder Benefits 31

5.4.1 Opportunity to utilize the brackish water ponds for clam production 31

5.4.2 Increasing in production and benefit from clam culture in the intertidal areas 32 5.5.3 Easily Applicable Farming Knowledge 32

5.4.4 Low Investment Risk 32

5.4.5 Maximizing Commercial Potential through Knowledge 32

5.5.Capacity Building 33

5.5.1 ARSINC 33

5.5.2 End-users 34

5.5.3 Enhanced reputation and relation ship with other institutions and collaborators 34

5.6 Publicity 34

5.7 Project Management 34

6 Report on Cross-Cutting Issues 34

6.1.Environment 34

6.2.Gender and Social Issues 34

7 Implementation & Sustainability Issues 35

7.1 Issues and Constraints 35

7.2.Options 35

8 Next Critical Steps 35

9 Conclusion 35

10 Statutory Declaration 35

1 Institute Information

and diversification of livelihoods of the poor coastal communities in Central Vietnam

(Project No: 027/05VIE)

Central (ARSINC)

Ms Le Thi Tinh (Project Manager)

Institution (SARDI)

Dr Bennan Chen (Senior Scientist)

Completion date (revised)

2 Contact Officer(s)

In Australia: Team Leader

Position: Principal Scientist, and Program

Leader, Integrated Biosystems Integrated Resource Management and Biotechnology

Organisation South Australian Research and

Development Institution (SARDI)

utilisation In the last six months, the focus of the project implementation is concentrated

in the following two aspects (1) Preparing and facilitating the agreements between the stakeholders and research institutions in order to undertake ‘on farm’ trials (2) A revised experiment on larval rearing was conducted to fine tune the larval rearing technique Details of these activities are reported in this report

A hatchery manual was prepared and submitted

The preparation for the coordinating the ‘on farm’ trials included, a major workshop and study tour The detail of the workshop and study tour is included in this report

Agreements with stakeholders were completed and the work associated with ‘on farm’ trials will start from May 2008

3 Project Implementation Progress

- Workshop on farmer participated on farm trials

- Development of operational protocol for on farm trails

- Production of required number of spats: experiments on fine tuning clam larval rearing and spat in hatchery

- Extension and trainings including in country study tour

3.2 Key outcome

The workshop was well received by the farmers, extension department and local

government officials and others who are associated with clam farming The farmers, expressed interest on participating in demonstration trials to be conducted in six

provinces Based on the selection criteria, 6 farmers from each province have been selected for the demonstration A total of 36 lead farmers were selected for the trials which would start in the month of May 2008

There two larval rearing experiments are currently being conducted to fine tune and enhance the survival rate of clam larvae The spat production results were encouraging The details are included in this report

A successful study tour was undertaken to understand the natural nursery areas (These areas are known to be clam breeding and spawning locations) of clam and wiled spat collection centers A workshop was conducted to introduce the farmers in pond culture practice Traditionally these farmers are collecting spats from wild and culturing the clam in inertial areas A formal agreement with local extension departments, farmers and ARSINC were finalized during this trip

4 Introduction & Background

The main objective is to develop and extend the clam culture technology (hatchery and husbandry) to sustain livelihoods of poor coastal farmers in the North Central provinces; and to develop a strategy which contributes to sustainable aquatic environment

management using clam aquaculture to improve prawn farm effluent utilisation The aims of the proposed project are:

a) to provide poor fisher community an alternative income, food security;

b) to improve technological and extension capacity for the stakeholders; and

c) to reduce negative impacts of shrimp culture through implementation of a strategy for environmental management and waste utilisation of existing resources

4.1 Specific objectives

The objectives of this project (027/05VIE) include the following:

• to develop and extend the clam culture technology (hatchery and husbandry);

• to sustain livelihoods of poor coastal farmers in the North Central provinces; and

• to develop a strategy which contributes to sustainable aquatic environment

management using clam aquaculture to improve prawn farm effluent utilization

4.2 Outputs

In accordance with expected output proposed, the last six months were focused on

following aspects related on the following

- Workshops conducted on farmer participated on farm trials

- Developed operational protocol and agreements with farmers and local extension department for on farm trails

- Produced and supplied required number of spats

- Completed the experiments on fine tuning clam larval rearing and spat in hatchery

- Undertaken extension and trainings including in country study tour

The visits by Australian Project Leader in November 2008 and April 2009 facilitated

• Selection farmers for on farm trials

• Conducting the workshop with stakeholders for transfer of technology

• Initiating the on farm clam production trials

• Establishing new clam hatcheries

• Evaluating the results revised larval rearing

5 Progress to Date

Implementation Highlights

5.1.1 Workshop to formalise the collaboration for ‘on farm’ trials

In order to formalise the farmer participated on farm trials, a workshop was held at Giao

Te Hotel in Cua Lo Town, Nghe An Province from 28-28 March 2008

Objective of the workshop was to formally introduce the clam production technology and explain the operational procedure for on farm trials Participants of the workshop included Leader of the project from Australia and Project team from ARSINC, provincial

officers from local fisheries department, and farmers who interested in participating clam culture from 6 North Centre provinces

The content of workshop:

a Introduction of the workshop:

i Purpose of the workshop

ii Expected out of this workshop

b Introduction of the project and requirements for on-farm trials

i Introduction of project

ii Structure of farmer participated trial iii Role of farmer

iv Role of ARSINC and collaborator

v Farmer selection criteria

vi Operational protocol vii Reporting requirements viii Feed back opportunity

c Technical lectures

i Inter tidal clam culture

1 site and seed selection and stocking size and density

2 monitoring

ii Pond clam culture

1 site and seed selection

2 stocking size and density

iv Data collection

1 structure of data sheet

2 parameters collected

3 frequency of data collection

v culture techniques, husbandry guideline, data collection forms

d Discussions: Participants

e Program for on-farm trials

f Closing session

Key presentation following:

1 Introduction of the workshop

2 Presentation of Introduction of the project and requirements for on-farm trials

Workshop Clam Production:

Farmer participated Field Trial

Introduction of the Project and

Requirements for On-farm Trials

3 Lecture of clam culture technology

- Clam culture in pond

Pond selection

• Site: pond located at high tidal to low tidal, which water supply available

• Substrata: clay-sandy bottom (80% sand, 20%

clay)

• Salinity: range of 10 – 25 ppt

• Pond should be avoided pollutants

• Seed source: from the wild

Monitoring and pond management

Monitoring and pond management

– Algae production for supply algae to clam

• Fertilized: 150 g/m 3

(NH4)2SO4: 76 g/m 3

ure (NH2)2CO: 25 g/m 3 Superphotphat Superphotphat

Calcium (CaHPO4)

• and 20kg Urea and 30kgNP/ha.

- Clam culture in intertidal

Site selection

Site selection

• Intertidal zones from

high tidal to

Site selection

Site selection

• However, clam grow

better from middle tidal

are to sub-intertidal area,

where is submerged in

longer time everyday

• Substrata appropriate for

clam culture is clay-sandy

(20% clay, 80% sand)

Site selection

• Places for nursing seed should out of the wind, gently wave and clear water

• Substrata of nursery place should clay-sandy (70-80% sand and 20-30% clay)

• Salinity at 19-26‰, and , and fresh water should supply

Culture area preparation

• To plough and turn

• To set bamboo poles equal distance of 1.2-1.5

m and conjunct together

by nylon net

Culture area preparation

Culture areas should be

designed to minimize strong

waves, that directly crash in to

the net fence:

– If culture areas locates near

to the beach should cut

intertidal zone into

rectangle shape as ladder

along the beach

– If culture area locates in

within estuaries (bank)

should cut into square

areas.

Culture monitoring and management

• 3-4 months of the

beginning to 20 mm in

size, seed were moved

by current of water

(wave) to the fence

bank Therefore, bring

them back to deeper

water to avoid hot

water or shortage feed.

Culture monitoring and management

• Always checking fence

to ensure clam could not escape from fence

by current of water

• If clam were If clam were

concentrated at the corner of fence, move

corner of fence, move

them to opposite places

5.1.2 Expression of interest and feedback from farmers

• Farmers showed keen interest in clam culture in the pond as well as in intertidal areas Farmers felt that clam culture in the pond would allow more poor farmers

in coastal village have the opportunity involve in clam culture as one of main livelihoods

• Farmers would also like to get clam seeds from hatchery as well as wild seed collected from natural nursery areas However, for the collection of wild seed, local government need to develop a management plans including sustainable wild seed collection strategy so that natural clam stock will not be adversely affected

• Farmers suggested that research should be carried out on culture clam with others species as fish and seaweed in pond

• Farmer expressed concern on seed availability Assured seed supply is an important factor in any aquaculture business In clam culture seed cost is 60-70%

of the total operational cost Therefore researchers and local government should develop a strategy for seed clam production for each place if possible

• Farmers are please to note that CARD project not only provides them with culture technology but also supply quality clam seeds

Table 1: Name and address of farmers selected

1 Bui Manh Hung Extension Centre of Thanh Hoa Province

2 Nguyen Xuan Hung Extension Centre of Thanh Hoa Province

3 Nguyen Van An Farmer from Thanh Hoa Province

4 Truong Huu Thu Extension Centre of Quang Tri Province

5 Nguyen Van Ky Farmer from Trieu Phong District, Quang Tri

Province

6 Dang Ngoc Tho Technical of Fisheries Department of Quang

7 Hoang Thi Hoa Farmer from Ba Don Town, Quang Binh

11 Le Thanh Nhat Technical of Extension Centre of Hue Province

12 Nguyen Ngoc Thuy Farmer from Phu Vang District, Hua Province

13 Nguyen Van Thanh Farmer from Phu Vang District, Hua Province

14 Le Van Hung Farmer from Phu Vang District, Hua Province

15 Tran Quoc Thanh Director of Fisheries Department of Nghe An

19 Tran Thi Van Technical of Fisheries Department of Nghi Loc

District, Nghe An Province

20 Phan Thi Thuan Technical of Fisheries Department of Dien

Chau District, Nghe An Province

21 Pham Phu Hoa Technical of Extension Centre of Ha Tinh

Province

22 Nguyen Van Hoa Technical of Extension Centre of Ha Tinh

Province

23 Nguyen Duc Long Farmer from Ha Tinh Province

Photos from the Workshop

Dr Martin S Kumar is introducing to the participants about the requirements for on farm trial

Mr Nhu Van Can, Director of Project is introducing about the project as well as of the workshop

Participants are attending the workshop; they are interested in clam culture in pond

5.1.3.Study tour

The study tour was conducted as part of the training programs for demonstration of the clam culture trials by showing the lead farmers the natural nursery areas of clam and the

original place where from the clam, Mertrix lyrata has been translocated in the North and

Central part of Vietnam Also, farmers were shown a newly established clam hatchery at

Ly Nhan, village, Can Gio district This hatchery has been constructed by ARSINC in collaboration with Van Xuan University

List of the farmers who were involved in demonstration participated in the study tour is

10 farmers from 6 provinces participated in the study tour which began on 23 April 2008, morning 8 am with the visit to newly established clam hatchery at Ly Nhan The hatchery has the capacity of producing 50 million spat in one season ARSINC in collaboration with University of Van Xuan resulted in the establishment of a modern clam hatchery with technology developed by the CARD project The establishment of this particular hatchery is not included in our project activity; however, it was result of CARD project implementation as farmers from south demanded it

Farmers were taken to show the nursery areas where most of the wiled spat occurred Local farmers mainly depended on wild seed collected spat from these natural nurseries The estuarine conditions created by the river, Soai Rap joining the sea A stretch of 2 kilometer, these estuarine conditions prevailing makes it an ideal ecology for clam larval growth Most of the wiled seed are collected from this stretch

Farmers were shown intertidal culture in the local area and also visited clam pond culture established by ARSINC

Fig 1 Study tour team

Fig 2 Visit to calm hatchery Fig 3 Visit to clam culture ponds

Table 2: List of participants has participated in study tour in Ho Chi Minh City and interested in on farm trial in clam culture (22 - 25 May 2008)

farm trial

1 Phung Van Dan Hoang Phu Commune, Hoang

Phu District, Thanh Hoa Province

Mobile: 0913115955

Intertidal culture

2 Le Van Hoanh Hoang Phu Commune, Hoang

Phu District, Thanh Hoa Province

Mobile: 0913026168

Culture in pond

3 Le Thanh Tung Quynh Thuan Commune,

Quynh Luu District, Nghe An Provice

Phone: 038865886;

Mobile: 01685114406

Culture in pond

4 Le Xuan Hung Mai Phu Commune, Mai Loc

District, Ha Tinh Province Phone: 039846217

Mobile: 0912487697

Culture in pond/

Intertidal culture

5 Pham Ngoc Lam Thach Bang Commune, Loc

Ha District, Ha Tinh Province

Culture in pond/

Intertidal culture