Project Progress Report: " Introduction of the principles of GAP for citrus through implementation of citrus IPM using Farmer Field Schools " potx

Dr Lam from PPRI after incorporating changes to the draft of the Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases suggested by Dr Duc and Mr Loc from PPD and other master trainers has completed

for citrus through implementation of citrus IPM using Farmer Field Schools

Development, Plant Protection Department

Completion date (revised)

Contact Officer(s)

In Australia: Team Leader

Name: Oleg Nicetic (til 2/07/10)

Robert Spooner-Hart (from 3/07/20)

In Australia: Administrative contact

In Vietnam

1 Project Abstract

2 Executive Summary

All activities undertaken in the first six months in the second year of the project resulted in successful implementation of all planned FFSs based on specific needs of each province that were identified by rapid appraisal in June 2008 Other outcomes achieved in the reporting period include the finalising the GAP manual based on feedback from CARD PMU, good progress in implementation of VietGAP by farmer group in Dong Thap, completion of GLOBAG.A.P implementation in Vinh Long province and finalising book the Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases

Within the reporting period a total of 57 FFS were started in 13 provinces with 1710 farmers enroled They will study the principles of GAP including record keeping, IPM, understanding

of citrus orchard ecosystem, influence of pruning and tree density on yield and tree health, and understanding of the influence of organic and mineral nutrients on soil health and citrus orchard productivity

Dr Nguyen Van Hoa and his team from SOFRI completed writing of the GAP manual that is now very significant reference material for GAP training in citrus

Dr Vo Mai and her team from VACVINA have been progressing very well with implementation of GAP in Long Hau village, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province The group of eleven farmers from have been participating in GAP implementation for nearly a year now and they make very harmonious and coherent group determent to achieve GAP certification Our activities in Long Hau village have great support from local government at

The key objective of this project is to align the Vietnamese citrus industry with world standard production practices and open opportunities for export markets Adoption of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) aligned to principles of good agricultural practice (GAP) leads to both economic and environmental benefits, and will enable Vietnamese citrus growers to be at the forefront of production in the Asia-Pacific region Production of export quarantine-compliant citrus fruit with pesticide levels below international minimum residue levels (MRLs) as the result

of this project will open new market opportunities in the competitive export markets and will enhance food safety for domestic consumption The project is based on an interactive learning and action research paradigm, and uses the farmer field school (FFS) model Leading research institutions from Southern and Northern Vietnam, together with extension officers from PPD and farmer organisations including VACVINA and Farmers Union are working together to produce a GAP procedures tailored to suit Vietnamese conditions They are also work closely with the farmers on validation of the GAP manual and providing training of trainers and farmers in IPM and GAP through FFS Project activities are conducted in 5 provinces in the Mekong delta and 8 provinces of Central and Northern Vietnam The IPM component is based on practices developed

in project 036/04 VIE which have been adjusted in consultation with key personnel from Northern Vietnam, to account for local conditions

Unfortunately we have to abandon implementation of GAP in My Long village cooperative

in Cai Be district, Thien Giang province due to the lack of finance for necessary changes farmers have to make to comply with GAP requirements

Dr Lam from PPRI after incorporating changes to the draft of the Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases suggested by Dr Duc and Mr Loc from PPD and other master trainers has completed the book which is now ready for print

The management structure that was improved after the first year of the project performed very effectively resulting in on time implementation of all activities

3 Introduction & Background

Citrus fruit is one of the major fruit crops in Vietnam (MARD 2004) and citrus production is

an important source of income for many Vietnamese farmers However, productivity and production of citrus in Vietnam is considerably lower than in Australia and major citrus producing countries of the world such as Brazil and the USA It has been stated by MARD that “in general, citrus cultivation has not been significantly developed over the past few years, largely because of the serious damage of pests and diseases, especially greening disease (officially known as huanglongbing) and therefore studies on their control methods,

in combination with managing citrus plantations and using advanced and intensive technology is a vital necessity” (MARD 2004)

The objectives of this project are to develop GAP production procedures for the Vietnamese citrus industry that will be published as a handbook and to introduce GAP practices using the FFS model Through the FFS training program a national cadre of citrus IPM/GAP master trainers and provincial level FFS facilitator teams will be established The key methodologies adopted are participatory based learning and action based research The objective of both techniques is to fully engage participants and allow them to direct the learning and research

to best meet their needs A key component of this project is Training of Trainers and Master Trainers in citrus GAP including IPM Trainers will conduct FFSs in their provinces and together with the trained farmers will become leaders in citrus production aligned to GAP Multiple outputs from FFS training have been demonstrated in previous CARD projects in citrus These include: farmer empowerment through increased knowledge of the agro-ecosystem; the conservation of biodiversity and protection of the environment through reduced pesticide application as a result of improved knowledge of pests and diseases and more effective control measures; increased food security through enhanced production; and protection of the health of farming communities and consumers of fruit through reduced pesticide use in fruit production In addition to these outputs it is expected that this project will establish a locally relevant GAP framework and begin the process of implementation of these practices in citrus production Implementation of GAP will open new market opportunities in both the domestic and export markets

4 Progress to Date

4.1 Implementation Highlights

The activities undertaken in the first six months in the second year of the project have resulted in all objectives being achieved and all outputs delivered on time The activities undertaken in this period are detailed below

4.1.1 Commencement of FFFs

Successful implementation of the program for 2007 has resulted in 98 trainers being effectively trained in citrus IPM and GAP These trainers conducted FFS at 57 locations in 5 provinces in the Mekong Delta and 8 provinces in the northern part of Viet Nam (Table 1)

Table 1: Location of FFSs number of participants and gender ratio in 2008

farmers trained (CARD FFS only)

Proportion of female participants (%)

* Funded by local government

A total of 1710 farmers have commenced training in 2008, of which 19.2% were female (Table 1) Participation of women was significantly higher in the Northern Vietnam where female participation was 29% with Phu Tho province recording 39% female participation In the Mekong delta female participation was only 9.6%, with Ben Tre recording highest female participation of 16% Curriculum framework has not changed since last year and it contains a total of 21 sessions held during the growing season covering topics presented in Annex 1 The project management team consisting of Dr Duc from PPD Hanoi, Mr Loc from Regional

sprays is generally not too high, but choice of pesticides in many cases is not compatible The results obtained assisted in focusing the FFS towards the farmers’ specific needs

IPM-4.1.2 GAP Manual

The draft GAP manual for citrus in Vietnamese based on GlobalGAP was submitted to CARD PMU and it was approved with the request to provide the English version of the final manual as well Attached to this report as separate PDF files are final versions of GAP manual for citrus in English and Vietnamese The GAP manual was written by the experience team of researchers from SOFRI headed by Dr Hoa The same team wrote the GAP manual for dragon fruit

4.1.3 Implementation of GAP

Output 6 of the project is to implement GAP in one of the cooperatives (farmer groups) in the Mekong delta and implementation of GAP is the main focus of the 3rd year of the project (2009) However, because of the complexity of the certification process and the existence of

a large gap between the reality of Vietnamese citrus production and GlobalGAP requirements, implementation of GAP has already commenced

The team from VACVINA, headed by Dr Vo Mai, works with two groups of farmers The first group is from Long Hau village, Lai Vung district, Dong Thap province Eleven farmers from the village actively participate in GAP implementation This group grows Tieu mandarin, which is a very popular variety on the Vietnamese market but with very low prospects for export; hence, this group is working towards VietGAP certification The group has been participating in GAP implementation for nearly a year now and they have been a very harmonious and coherent group and determined to achieve GAP certification Our activities in Long Hau village have great support from the local government at all levels: from the commune’s People’s Committee to provincial DARD Local government provided financial support for building of field toilets Team of trainers supported by our project have regular monthly meeting with the group and all implementation activities have been progressing very well The second group of farmers Dr Vo Mai works with are from My Hoa cooperative All farmers involved in this cooperative have graduated from the 2007 FFS The cooperative has received financial support from the retail company Metro to implement GAP The cooperative producing pomelo and is involved in export of pomelo to Europe; hence, GLOBALG.A.P has been implemented in this cooperative

4.1.4 Pest and Diseases Field Guide for North of Viet Nam

Dr Lam from PPRI, after incorporating changes to the draft of the Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases suggested by Dr Duc and Mr Loc from PPD and other master trainers, has completed the book which is now ready for print

4.1.5 On farm record keeping system

On farm record keeping system was developed based on VietGAP requirements and consists

of the book was adapted to A4 size with landscape orientation, acceptance was very good In Annex 3 the final version of record keeping book is presented (Note: Formatting in the Annex is not as good as original) In Annex 4, feedback from 24 farmers from 4 provinces is presented More comprehensive feedback from focus group discussions with 90 farmers from all 13 provinces will be done as part of impact assessment at the end of the project 83% of farmers find the record books easy to use, 8.5% of farmers find book not easy to use but still managed to keep accurate record and 8.5% of farmers find the book too difficult to use so no record was kept 79% farmers would buy the record book if the price is around VND 10,000 92% of the farmers stated that they will continue using the record book after termination of the project

4.2 Capacity Building

The institutional capacity of the PPD to facilitate farmer participatory training is high and this project is further enhancing that capacity by addressing capability gaps in relation to specific knowledge about GAP In the second year of the project trainers working with farmers on implementation of elements of GAP related to IPM, farmers and environmental safety, and record keeping At the review workshop it became clear that trainers’ understanding of GAP had improved but there is still a lot of conceptual confusion in differentiation between IPM and GAP At refresher TOTs the concept of GAP and the potential impacts of GAP implementation were studied and discussed At the end of the TOT the GAP implementation strategies were drafted

Forming linkages between all stakeholders involved in the project is a critical component of capacity building and all efforts are being made to build linkages between institutions in Northern and Southern Vietnam This project has successfully facilitated sharing of expertise and knowledge related to GAP between stakeholders from the Mekong delta, who have higher levels of GAP knowledge and experience, and stakeholders from the Northern provinces with less exposure to GAP The very important linkage has been established between PPD staff and the non-government organisation VACVINA that is now driving implementation of GAP

4.3 Training Programs

Training is a major component of this project and during 2007 it has been conducted at two levels At the trainers’ level 10 master trainers completed a 4 day workshop in Hanoi and a total of 98 extension officers, mainly from PPD but some from ARD and NGOs, received training in citrus IPM and GAP These trainers then facilitated a total of 24 FFSs in their local regions funded by CARD and an additional 17 FFSs funded by provincial government

In 2008 trainers are facilitating a further 57 FFSs

At the farmers’ level training focussed on integrated crop management that included IPM, plant nutrition and pruning In regard to GAP training, the focus has been on record keeping

At workshops in November 2007 and refresher TOTs in February-March 2008 it was concluded that in Northern Vietnam the focus should remain on Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and record keeping while in Mekong delta other elements of GAP may

be included in FFS curriculum

Refresher TOTs were used for discussion about GAP principles and the ways GAP can be

end of refresher TOTs, practical exercises for FFS orchards were designed and they have been implemented over the past 6 months

4.4 Publicity

A finding of the pre-intervention survey was that the best way to disseminate information to farmers through the media is by television, as more than 90% of all farmers have a television set in their own home Every province in Vietnam has a local television station and as 70% of the population live in rural areas, the level of content relating to agricultural matters is high

In Mekong delta television reporters have been invited to all major project events such as meetings and the opening and closing of FFS The Vietnamese project team regularly participate in the program “Farmer’s bridge” on several local TV stations in the Mekong delta Unfortunately, there is no similar media coverage in the North

4.4 Project Management

After adjustments made to management structure within the first year of the project and reported in 2nd six-monthly report project management worked efficiently in the current reporting period

implementation of GAP should result in improved ecosystem health At this stage of the project it is too early to detect any evidence of environmental improvement

5.2 Gender and Social Issues

In the training of master trainers and trainers about 30% of trainers overall were females This proportion of males and females is reflective of the overall PPD trainer gender balance

In the Mekong delta, only 9% of trained farmers were woman and in Northern Vietnam woman participation was 29% This reflects the differences in traditional roles of women between the regions

All project activities are strongly supported by local government and farmer organisations including the Farmers’ Union and The Women’s Union Participants in FFS are encouraged

to actively engage with their local community and share knowledge acquired in FFS From previous CARD projects we have evidence that the FFS participants became the founders and core members of Farmers’ clubs and cooperatives and it can be anticipated that FFS participants will become actively involved in dissemination of their newly acquired information in this project as well

6 Implementation Issues

6.1 Issues and Constraints

As reported in previous 6-monthly report, there were two issues that posed minor constraints

to the project’s successful implementation These are the limited knowledge of trainers in the area of citrus pests and diseases in some provinces, and the selection criteria for participants

of FFS in the North that were based on social status of the farmers with preference being given to poorer farmers without taking into account the level of farmers’ knowledge and level of production These constraints were addressed by intensifying visits to FFSs by Vietnamese experts from PPD Hanoi and Regional Centre 4 The experts provided ‘on-site’ training for trainers and farmers They made recommendation for pesticide use to ensure that IPM compatible pesticides are used However, it was concluded that in many FFSs farmers’ knowledge and their practices cannot improve within the timeframe of one FFS conducted for one growing season

6.2 Options

1 It was decided that in each province two existing FFSs will be selected to continue the FFS program for the second year

7 Next Critical Steps

In the next 6 months 57 FFSs will be completed with 16 FFSs in the North selected to commence in 2009 In November, a review workshop will be held to develop the curriculum for the second year of FFSs The book Field Guide for Citrus Pests and Diseases will be printed and distributed

8 Conclusion

In the first six months of the second year of the project an efficient management structure has delivered all planned outputs Good planning, open communication between project personnel and sustained efforts have resulted in successful second year of FFS training for

1710 farmers and 98 trainers The GAP manual has been completed and Citrus Pest and Diseases Field Guide for Northern provinces of Vietnam is ready for printing Implementation of GAP is progressing successfully in Vinh Long and Dong Thap provinces, but it was abandoned in Tien Giang province

Project Progress Against Proposed Objectives, Outputs, Activities And Inputs Project Title: Introduction of the principles of GAP for citrus trough implementation of citrus IPM using Farm Field School

Vietnamese Implementing Institution: Plant Protection Department

To establish a national cadre of citrus IPM/GAP master trainers and province level FFS facilitator teams

Enhanced capacity of farmers to implement citrus IPM compliant with GAP standards

GAP manual and IPM guidelines compliant with GAP standards and suitable for local conditions exist

Training of master trainers at national level conducted and reported

Training of trainers at regional level conducted and reported

Cadre of competent national master trainers and provincial FFS facilitators exist to champion GAP principles and IPM aligned to GAP

in their region

Citrus IPM/GAP FFS conducted

Trained farmers knowledge on citrus IPM and GAP increased

Low risk because of MARD need to comply with APPPC requirements Study is also aligned with

VACVINA/VinaFruit strategic goals to develop export oriented citrus industry hence proponents will have high level of

institutional support

Low risk because high self motivation of master trainers, high level of institutional support and for reasons stated in 2.1

Low risk See 2.1 and high level

of community and institutional support to achieve the objective

All objectives remain highly relevant and satisfactory progress was made in the first six months of the second year towards their achievement

of pesticide and post-harvest handling

Assess effectiveness of FFS for implementation of IPM and GAP

Implementation of GAP in one of the cooperatives in Mekong delta

FFS participant orchards)

Reduced pesticide use

Increased food safety and protection of health of farming communities and consumer of fruits

Increased capacity of citrus industry to implement GAP and be prepared for new market conditions after Vietnam enter WTO

Increased capacity of GOs and NGOs to assist small holders transition to unprotected market environment

Increased capacity of VinaFruit to facilities export of Vietnamese citrus

Comprehensive analysis reported

GAP implemented

See 4.1 and high level of community and institutional support to achieve the objective

Low risk since methodology is already developed in CARD project 36/04 VIE

Medium because some elements

of GAP like use of certified planting material cannot be implemented in existing orchards

1) Information on knowledge, skills

Report on baseline study submitted

to GOs and NGOs Press release written

Report peer reviewed by CARD PMU Feedback on report requested from all stakeholders

Baseline study methodology was developed and data collection was performed in all 13 provinces Data

1.2

2.1

GAP and the integration of IPM into GAP

2) Knowledge and skills on GAP/IPM of

15 Master Trainers, 90 Trainers and a representative sample of 2880 participating farmers

3) Current GAP/IPM practices of representative sample of participating farmers including production levels and financial analysis of costs and returns 4) Analysis of key markets for GAP/IPM compliant citrus and expected market demand and premiums

5) Identification of opportunities for project interventions to provide economic, social and environmental benefits to smallholders

IPM guidelines aligned to GAP developed and documented

10 master trainers (5 from Mekong delta and 5 from North) competent in citrus IPM aligned to GAP and GAP principles

IPM strategies developed and published in brochure and MARD and VACVINA websites

Master trainers successfully conduct training of trainers and monitor trainers involved in conducting FFSs

Brochure and content of webpage peer reviewed by CARD PMU

Competency will be assessed by critical self-evaluation and by key project research and extension personnel

IPM guidelines developed verified

by FFS participants and included

in book

Training was successfully completed

2880 farmers with improved capacity to implement IPM aligned to GAP

Publication of (1) GAP Handbook incorporating IPM aligned handbook and (2) Updated Pests and Diseases Field guide for application in different agro-ecological zones of Viet Nam

Procedures for compliance with EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP including responsible/safe use, handling and storage

of pesticide and post-harvest handling of fruits developed and published

On farm record keeping system developed

Trainers successfully facilitate at least one FFS within the course of project

Farmers successfully graduate from FFS Implementation of IPM program aligned to GAP commenced during the course of FFS

Books published and used as a resource by farmers and GOs and NGOs

Procedures published in the form

of manual Concise version published in industry press and on VianFruit Website

System developed and

Competency will be assessed by critical self-evaluation and by master trainers

Competency will be assessed by critical self-evaluation and by trainers Implementation of IPM program aligned to GAP verified through farmer record keeping

Feedback from stakeholders

Published manual and webpage peer reviewed by CARD PMU

Survey to evaluate the system

First year of training was successfully completed by all 90 trainers Trainers completed the first year of the FFS and commenced the second year All (57) FFS planned for 2008 commenced on time All FFS enrolled 30 or more participants This means that 1710 farmers will

be trained

Dr Nguyen Van Hoa and his team from SOFRI completed the GAP manual

Included in GAP manual The manual may be posted on the website, if decided by CARD PMU

GAP certified pilot cooperative established

Surveys conducted and analysed

Findings that comprise 4 years of assessments of FFS effectiveness published

GAP implemented in one of the cooperatives in Mekong delta

Acceptance for publication by high impact journal

Certification granted or pending

The farmer group in Dong Thap province is in process of VietGAP implementation The farmer group

in Vinh Long is nearing completion of GLOBAL GAP implementation, with assistance from METRO and Vac Vina

Conduct semi-structured interviews with farmers, extension officers and wholesalers

in each of 13 provinces in regard to GAP principles and current practices Also conduct interviews with exporters and researchers in the Northern and Southern parts of Vietnam

Conduct survey of current practices in

Activities agreed tasks and timeframes to complete tasks accepted by all stakeholders

Interviews conducted, results recorded

Survey analysed using SPPS

Completed

Completed

Completed

Develop draft IPM programs based on CARD project 036/04 VIE with the addition

of all GAP principles related to IPM

(Strategies will differ in the north and south

of Vietnam) Conduct training of trainers using draft IPM programs (developed in 1.2.1) Programs will be verified during the first year of FFSs and refined at the review workshop at the end of the first year of the project Refined programs will be verified during the second year of the project

Dissemination of IPM programs through brochures distributed by GOs and NGOs

Publish programs on MARD and VACVINA websites

Hold stakeholder meeting to discuss activities and roles of each of the stakeholders in execution of activities in relation to Objective 2

Selection of trainers trained in previous CARD project or FAO programs

Report on results of survey and interviews written and peer reviewed by CARD PMU

Submitted to GOs and NGOs

Press release written

IPM strategies agreed by all stakeholders

IPM strategies verified by farmers, extension officers and scientists

Written feedback will be required from trainers Report on IPM strategies peer reviewed by CARD PMU

Brochure printed; webpage on citrus IPM incorporated in MARD and VACVINA websites

Activities agreed tasks and timeframes to complete tasks accepted by all stakeholders

Trainers selected Selection criteria based on competency shown in previous CARD/FAO projects, GO/NGO ratio and sex ratio

Completed

Completed

First year completed Verification

in second year commenced

Completed

Completed

Completed

Completed

in previous CARD project

Conduct the training of trainers

Identification of districts and villages within each of 13 participating provinces to be targeted for the program Selection of farmers from all socio-economic groups

self-evaluation and by key project research and extension personnel

Participants selected Selection criteria based on, GO/NGO ratio, sex ratio and for farmers competency shown in previous CARD/FAO projects

Successful completion

Competency assessed by critical self-evaluation and by master trainer and key project research and extension personnel

Districts and villages identified

Farmer meeting held in each targeted district and village

Participants of FFS come from different socio-economic groups

Women, ethnic minorities and members of NGOs represented

Farmers successfully graduated from FFS Competency assessed

by trainers KAP analysis conducted

Books published and peer reviewed by CARD PMU

Activities agreed, tasks and timeframes to complete tasks accepted by all stakeholders

Completed

Completed

Completed

Verification of preliminary procedures developed in 4.1.2 through FFS

Writing of verified procedures from 4.1.3 undertaken

Development of preliminary on farm record keeping system procedures for compliance with EUREPGAP/ASIAGAP

Verification of preliminary procedures developed in 4.2.1 through FFS Verified on farm record keeping system from 4.2.2 designed

KAP survey and semi-structured interviews conducted

Objective measures of capacity improvement in target beneficiaries (Compared with baselines) including a) information on knowledge, skills attitudes and practices of PDD, SRPCC, NIPP, CU, SOFRI, VACVINA, VinaFruit and SPC on GAP and the integration of IMP into GAP b) Knowledge and skills on GAP/IPM of 15 Master Trainers, 90 Trainers and a representative sample of 2880 participating

and trainers

Procedure tested by farmers and feedback analyse at review workshops

Procedure written in the form of manual

Preliminary on-farm record system developed and introduced to master trainers and trainers

On-farm record keeping system tested by farmers

System adopted by farmers who completed FFS

Preliminary analysis reported

Evaluation reported

Verification by FFS participants in progress

Completed

The first stage completed

Improved record keeping system introduced to second year FFSs

Verification by FFS participants commenced

Completed

Pre-intervention surveys conducted

Monitoring of impact of 2007 FFS commenced and continue in 2008

Establish relationship with the packaging house that could be GAP certified Develop GAP implementation plan

Implementation of GAP plan

Not scheduled in reporting period Completed

Completed

Completed

In progress

In progress

Project Implementation Schedule

OS = Implemented according to project logframe schedule

BS = Implemented behind project logframe schedule

NS= Implementation not scheduled in reporting period

{ } Recommended adjustments to implementation schedule

List of Annexes

Annex 1a Curriculum summary for FFSs in Northern Vietnam 2007

Annex 1b Curriculum summary for FFSs in Mekong delta 2007

Annex 2 Results of rapid appraisal of specific training need in each province

Annex 3: Record keeping book (final version)

Annex 4 Results of preliminary evaluation of on-farm record keeping book

Annex 1a: Training program for FFSs in 2007 Northern provinces

1 Selection of meeting room, study field, farmers

2 Opening Ceremony, arrangement of FFS, conduct pre-test, base line

survey and set the IPM experiment

3 Introduction of record keeping and distribution of record keeping

notebooks Introduction of GAP principles

Ago-Ecosystem of Citrus orchard:

+ Introduction of Citrus orchard ecosystem in the class

+ Go to the Citrus orchard: Survey, collection the specimens,

+ Return the room: Drawing and analysis of Citrus orchard ecosystem

agro-+ Practice on the field and discussion

- Group dynamic/team building activities

- Role of Yellow ants on Citrus orchard (Ant keeping on Citrus orchard)

- Group dynamic/team building activities

6 - Ago-Ecosystem analysis

- Use of spray mineral oil and other IPM compatible pesticidefor control

of major citrus pest:

factors affect the this stage (Nutrition requirement at flowering and fruit development stage)

- Group dynamic/team building activities

- Physiology of Citrus at stage of flower formation and development

- Solutions for rehabilitation of citrus orchard after flooding –apply to the South

- Insect zoo

- Group activities

18 - Survey and analysis of Citrus orchard ecosystem

- Physiology of Citrus at stager of Spring flush cycle and Flowering

- Life Cycle and Food web

- Group dynamic/team building activities

19 - Review of GAP standards implemented during FFS Discussion on

implementation of GAP standards at farmers own farms

- Survey farmers after FFS

20 - Synthesis and Analysis of Field Experiment data

- Advantages and disadvantages when conducting IPM training on Citrus orchard

21 - Post-test

- Closing ceremony

Annex 1b: Training program for FFSs in 2007 Mekong delta

1 Contact, organise class and select orchard

2 Opening class, establish farmer groups and conduct

pre-intervention survey

3 Introduction of record keeping and distribution of record keeping

notebooks Introduction of GAP principles.

Agro-ecosystem; difference between rice and citrus eco-system, record keeping and monitoring

4 Game; need for nutrition, organic and mineral fertilizer CD

provided

6 Impact of pesticide; resistance & outbreaks PSO; how oil works,

spray application Insect zoo & monitoring

7 Insect pests and beneficials, Insect zoo & monitoring

8 Insect pests and beneficials continued, Insect zoo & monitoring

9 Citrus diseases

10 Citrus diseases continued

11 Safety of pesticide handling Quantifying economic inputs &

outputs

12 Biopesticides; Bt, Trichoderma Advantages and disadvantages

13 Nutrition for flowering & fruit set

14 Techniques of growing citrus, pruning, tree spacing, weed

management without herbicide

15 IPM on citrus, Introduce the process of facilitating farmer to

conduct VietGAP

16 IPM on citrus continued, Introduce the process of facilitating

farmer to conduct VietGAP

17 Recovery management of citrus trees after flooding Rearing fish

in canals

18 Postharvest

19 Post-intervention survey and synthesis of knowledge

20 Discussion Which pesticides to use and difficulties of IPM

Results of monitoring, results of experimental trials

21 Conclusion and close

Annex 2: Major pest and disease, and citrus management operations that need to be addressed in FFS for each province

A2.1 Ben Tre province

A2.1.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

A2.1.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

A2.1.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

A2.2 Tien Giang province

A2.2.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

A2.2.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

Spend lot of time

A2.1.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

Stem borer

A2.3 Vinh Long province

A2.3.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

A2.3.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

Spend lot of time

A2.3.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

A2.4 Dong Thap province

A2.4.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

Farmer needs help

from PPD to find

management

solution

A2.1.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

Spend lot of time

A2.1.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

A2.5 Can Tho province

A2.5.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

Farmer needs help

from PPD to find

management

solution

A2.5.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

Spend lot of time

A2.5.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

A2.6 Ha Tinh province

A2.6.1 Most important pests and diseases indentified by FFS participants

Pest Factor

1

Phytophthora

2.Greening (Psylla)

3 Fruit disease unknown

4.Caterpiller 5 Algae or Phytophthora

Not sure how to

A2.6.2 Main production operations

Operation Factor

Pruning Soil

management (fertiliser)

Pest and disease management

Harvesting and

marketing

Record keeping and planning of production

Financial planning (budgeting for next production cycle inputs and regeneration of trees

Spend lot of time

A2.6.3 List of the pest and disease that farmers sprayed against and name of pesticides used

1 Psylla; 8-12 sprays/year; 100% of farmers

2 Leafminer; 4-8 sprays/year; 100% of farmers

3 Mites; 3-5 sprays/year; 100% of farmers

4 Fruit fly; 2 sprays/year 10% of farmers

5 Termite 1 spray/year; 10% of farmers

6 Net to collect caterpillars

Farmers did not state names of pesticides used