29th 2010 Type of report - progress/final Final survey report Project name: Reducing pesticide residues, improving yield, quality and marketing of vegetables crops in Northern Central V
Trang 1Report of household farmer survey
In the Nghe province, Viet Nam (2010)
Mr Pham Hung Cuong
CARD PROJECT ID: 021/06VIE
Trang 2Attachment A 021VIE/06 REPORT FACT SHEET
Title of report Report of baseline survey, 2010
Date report submitted March 29th 2010
Type of report - progress/final Final survey report
Project name: Reducing pesticide residues, improving yield, quality and
marketing of vegetables crops in Northern Central Vietnam through improved varieties, GAP principles and farmer focused training (021/06VIE)
Name/ Address of
collaborating person
Pham Hung Cuong Agricultural Science Institute of Northern Central Vietnam Vinh city, Nghe An province, Vietnam
Email: phamhungcuongvn@gmail.com Tel: +84.904383088
Name & Function of Project
staff
Site Coordinator
AHR Contact Dr Gordon Rogers, Applied Horticultural Research
Faculty of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources Biomedical Building (ATP)
University of Sydney NSW, 2006, Australia Phone 02 8627 1010 (Int: +61 2 8627 1040) Fax 02 9544 3782 (Int: +61 2 9544 3782) Email: gordon@ahr.com.au
Website: www.ahr.com.au
Crops: Vegetables: Brassica, cucurbits
Subject: Baseline survey about status of vegetable production
after 3 years of the project in Nghe An province
Trang 3ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I like to thank my Vietnamese colleagues and local staff in Nghe An province who assisted the surveyed team and in the completion of this survey I would also like to thank Dr Gordon Rogers, Dr Jenny Jobling, University of Sydney NSW, Australia
Survey team members:
Mr Ho Ngoc Giap, Le Thi Huong, Nguyen Hong Quyen, Tran Thi Nga, Nguyen Van Thang
INTRODUCTION
Nghe An province is located in the Coastal region of North Central Vietnam It borders East Sea
to the East, Lao to the West, Ha Tinh province to the South, Thanh Hoa province to the North Nghe An is a large province with an area of 1,648,729 ha The total vegetable production area in Nghe An is 15,137 ha and this province is planning 1,100 hectare of safe vegetable production in districts such as in Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, Nam Dan and peri-urban area of Vinh city
The CARD-funded project (021VIE/06) has been implemented in some growing areas of Nghe
An from 2007 to 2009 Before implementation of the project a survey was carried out to measure the situation of production and consumption of local vegetables to find out the actual situation of production and consumption in vegetables industry sector
At the end of the project, another survey was conducted to assess the impact of the project to applied sites and some surrounding areas by using GAP principles
This report coverers the status of vegetable cultivation, traditional agro-practices, crop diversity
of leaf vegetable, tomato, chili, brassica and cucurbits crops, pesticide and plant protection, traditional practices and marketing in the Nghe An province An analysis of the survey data is also presented, which provides an in-depth snapshot of the vegetable production system in Nghe
An province
BASELINE SURVEY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The survey was conducted in three vegetable production areas in Nghe An province, an area in which is implemented the project, namely:
• Dien Xuan commune, Dien Chau district: 30 famer households
• Quynh Luong commune, Quynh Luu district: 30 famer households
• Quynh Minh commune, Quynh Luu district: 30 famer households
Trang 41 Diversity of vegetable crop in Nghe An province
The major vegetables consumed in Vietnam are KangKong, Brassica’s (cabbage, pak choi & kohlrabi) and cucurbits
Nghe An province is located in the central part of Vietnam and there are many vegetables cultivated in the region These include: cabbage, kohlrabi, leaf vegetables (Chinese mustard, mustard, garland, salad), cucurbits, cucumber, snap bean, onion, chili, tomato, young radish The survey data shows leafy vegetables, brassicas, carrots and onions are those most frequently planted by farmers In comparison with 2007, the consumption of vegetables in these groups has increased significantly compared to other vegetables However, the most diverse group is still leaf vegetables during period 2007-2009 (13 varieties in 2007, and 10 varieties in 2009),
followed by brassica vegetable group There was no change in production season (Table 1)
In Nghe An province, one famer householder usually owns between 2 and 5 plots, and the area
of each plot is from 300 – 1,000 m2 The soil types for vegetable production are not
homogeneous and this is a problem for some sensitive crop such as melons
Table 1: Diversity of vegetables in survey areas in Nghe An province in 2010 year
Number of varieties No of farmer households
No Crop name 2007 2010 2007 2010 Production season
2 Leaf vegetables (Chinese
mustard, Mustard, Garland,
Salad)
13 10 37/56 33/59 9 months; Aug - Apr
4 Cucurbitaceae (gourd, green
pumpkin, cucumber,
watermelons )
6 5 15/56 32/59 6 months: Mar -Aug; or Oct
- Mar
Apr-Jun; or Sep -Nov
year
7 Spice vegetable (pepper,
coriander, )
2 2 1/56 10/59 4 months; Feb - May
year
Trang 52 Seed supply system in vegetable production region in Nghe An province
The application of new techniques including the use of improved varieties with high yield and quality will show progress on access to new advanced technology in the vegetable growing areas
in Nghe An Table 2 shows the percentage of improved vegetable varieties grown has increased compared to 2007 For some major vegetables such as cabbage, 100% of the crops are improved varieties whereas in 2007 the figure was only 50% Leafy vegetables have also increased from 69% up 80% of new varieties Kohlrabi and Brassica vegetables are now planted with increasing percentage of new varieties (See Table 2 for more detail) The data shows that three years after the implantation of the project, awareness of the farmers about use of new varieties have been improved, and many have used improved varieties Seed sources and methods of propagation have not changed
Table 2: Seed supply system in vegetable production region in Nghe An province
Percentage of improved varieties (%)
2007 2009
Seed Source Seedling source
Seed agency Nursery/ Farmers doing by themselves
2 Leaf vegetables (Chinese
mustard, Mustard,
Garland, Salad)
agency, project or farmer’s seed
Nursery/ Farmers doing by themselves
3 Kohlrabi 67 100 Seed agency Nursery/ Farmers doing by
themselves
4 Cucurbitaceae (gourd,
green pumpkin, ) 75 80 Seed agency,
project
Farmers doing by themselves
5 Cucumber, watermelons 100 50 Seed agency
or farmer’s seed
Farmers doing by themselves
agency, project
Farmers doing by themselves
or farmer’s seed
Farmers doing by themselves
9 Tomato 100 80 Seed agency Nursery/ Farmers doing by
themselves
10 Young Radish 0 0 Seed shop Farmers doing by themselves
Trang 63 Traditional cultivation practice for vegetable production region in Nghe An province
There were significant differences in fertilizer use from 2007-2009 In 2007 vegetable growers used only single inorganic fertilizer, but by 2009 farmers used compost and applications of
synthetic NPK There were also improvements in the method of fertilizer application used
between 2007 and 2009, with a clear trend to more GAP-complaint methods The harvest period also been isolated long enough to ensure safety for consumers from more than 10 days
Table 3: Vegetable cultivated practice in Nghe An province
Fertilizer dressing in 2007 Fertilizer dressing in 2009
No Crop name Fertilizer
type Dressing method Last dressing time Fertilizer type Dressing method
Last dressing time
1 Cabbage Manure, single
N,P,K, and foliaceous fertilizer
1 Basal and
2 top dressing times
Before harvest
at least 5-10 days
Same 2007, plus compost and synthetic NPK
GAP principle Before harvest at
least 10 days
2 Leaf
vegetables
(Chinese
mustard,
Mustard,
Garland,
Salad)
Manure, single N,P,K, and foliaceous fertilizer
1 Basal and
2 top dressing times
Before harvest
at least 5-10 days
Same 2007, plus compost and synthetic NPK
traditional Before
harvest at least 7-10 days
3 Cucurbitaceae
(gourd, green
pumpkin,
cucumber,
watermelons )
Manure, single N,P,K, and foliaceous fertilizer
Basal and top dressing 5 days before harvesting Same 2007, plus compost
and synthetic NPK
GAP principle and traditional ways
Before harvest at least 10 days
Trang 74 Pesticide use in vegetable production and quality assurance management
Pesticide and chemical use in period 2007-2009 in vegetable at the project site has changed in a
positive way Categories of chemical groups used on vegetables such as leafy vegetables,
Brassica vegetables, cabbage, The number of pesticides and chemicals used has generally
decreased while at the same time there has been an increase in the usage of bio-pesticides since
2007 The methods of pest and disease control have also changed between 2007 and 2009 The
main change is that IPM has been used a lot more Due to the application of safe vegetable
production under GAP, observance of the required the isolation (withholding) period has
improved and is now generally 7-10 days before harvesting
Table 4: Variation of pesticides use for vegetable in Nghe An province
Chemical name Spray method Dosage Isolation time
No Crop name Pest and disease
1 Leaf
vegetables Diamondback moth, green
moth, black rot, downy mildew, striped flea beetle, aphids, leafhoppers
Ridomil, Daconil, Ferang, Tango, Zineb, Sec Sai Gon, Dipterex, Methaxin, Regent, pentac, cypermethrin, Match, Tango, cypenran,
Midan, Angun, sinh học, Sec Sài Gòn, Dyrumin, Zineb, Pazan, Sat trung song
Periodic (weekly)
or when need
IPM apply
Sometime higher than on label
Follow instruction
on label
Usually not guaranteed
Before harvest
7 days
2 Cabbage Diamondback
moth, green moth, black rot, yellow cabbage, downy mildew, striped flea beetle, aphids
Ridomin, Daconil, Ferang, Tango, zinep, Sec Sai Gon
Sinh học, Dilan, Depgan, Rigan, Angun, Apatin, Midan, Sec Sài Gòn
Periodic (weekly)
or when need
IPM apply Sometime higher than
on label
Follow instruction
on label
Usually not guaranteed More than 10
days
3 Kohlrabi Green moth,
curly leaf Methaxin, Sec Sai Gon,
Zineb
Methaxin, Sec Sai Gon, Zineb
Periodic (weekly)
or when need
IPM apply Sometime higher than
on label
Follow instruction
on label
Usually not guaranteed
Before harvest 7-10 days
4 watermelons Shriveled
leaf, striped flea beetle, tip burn
Anvil, Ridomil,
by hand Sinh học, Dilan,
Depgan, Rigan, Ridolmin, Topxin, Dyrumin, G45, Midan,
Scout or when need
IPM apply Sometime higher than
on label
Follow instruction
on label
Usually not guaranteed More than 10
days
Trang 85 Income from vegetable products in surveyed sites in Nghe An province
The yield and incomes from key groups of vegetables have increased impressively (Table 5)
E.g., cabbage yield in 2007 was 41 tonnes/ha, and in 2009 the cabbage yield increased to 50
tonnes/ha Watermelon yields increased from 30 to 38 tonnes/ha At the same time, vegetable
prices received by farmers have increased, especially from supermarket (Metro Cash and Carry)
sales
Table 5: Productivity and price of some key vegetables in some surveyed areas in 2007-2009 in
Nghe An province
Average yield (ton/ha) Price (VND/kg)
No Crop name
2007 2009 2007 2009
Collector Price negotiation method
cooperatives At field, at harvest time and local price market, there is
advanced order
2 Kohlrabi 25 24 2200 2500 Collector At field, at harvest time and
local price market
3 watermelons 30 38 2000 3500 By farmer,
cooperatives At field, at harvest time and local price market, there is
advanced order
4 Leaf
vegetables
Collector, cooperatives
At field, at harvest time and local price market
6 Status of harvest handling for vegetables in Nghe An province
Most agro-production in rural areas of Vietnam is from small farmer households and they don’t
produce large quantities of produce at harvest time As a result, farmers are generally are not
very interested in improving their post harvest handling methods
Comparing with survey results in 2007, The processing and storage after harvest of the farmers
has improved significantly Vegetable producers now know how to apply modern processing,
preservation and packaging methods They often harvested and sold directly to collectors;
supermarket or brought produce to local market for sale
Table 6: Status of harvest handling for vegetables in surveyed sites
No Crop name Post harvest maintenance
by farmer
Package
by farmer
Preliminary treatment Post harvest handling time
from farm to customers
Preserving
by end-user
1 Cabbage Keep in a cool Yes classifying of integrity, size, Within 24 hours Keep 1-2 extra
Trang 9CONCLUSION
Vegetables in the local survey show a diversity of species and varieties The most diverse groups are the leafy and Brassica vegetables Prior to the start of the project, farmers generally used only traditional practices for vegetable production Many vegetable crops were grown from local varieties, which produced low yields These weaknesses have been improved through the support
of the project over three years, and now farmers are using new and improved vegetable varieties, and when coupled with improved agronomic practices are resulting in high yield and good quality
There have been positive changes in the safe use of pesticides and chemicals, and increasing use
of bio-pesticides with isolation times long enough for consumer safety Postharvest handling has been interest in many households because they are aware of product quality is most important to maintain credibility with customers and get higher income
Good Agricultural Practice for vegetable production have been applied in the project are very effective and some surrounding communes in Nghe An province are enthusiastic and expecting VietGAP compliant production to a larger scale
Trang 10CARD 021/06VIE
SURVEY REPORT OF USE PESTICIDE AND PESTICIDE RESIDUES ON
SOME VEGETABLES AFTER 021VIE/06 CARD PROJECT
The 021/06 VIE project commenced in March 2007 and concluded in December 2009 Project activities have been focused in vegetable growing areas of Nghe An province,
in the North Central coastal region of Vietnam Crops in the region have traditionally been rice, and citrus with some vegetable production for local markets At the start of the project, a pesticide residue survey was conducted and measured the residues of commonly used plant protection chemicals residues in vegetables and melons
This survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of the project to the applied areas and some surrounding areas where the production of vegetables using VietGAP
compliant practices The survey of the pesticides use and residues in vegetables was conducted between the 20th January and 15th February 2010 in vegetable growing areas
of Nghe An province and Quynh Luong commune
1 Pesticide use in the production of vegetables in Nghe An
The survey of the pesticides use and residues in vegetables was conducted in vegetable growing areas of Nghe An province, Quynh Luong commune and the surrounding communes of Quynh Minh and Dien Xuan
According to the Table 1, most pesticides were used on leafy vegetables and cabbage was ranked the second highest for pesticide use
In the interview, questions were raised about quality assurance management Most farmers were aware of the process of safe vegetable production under GAP principles, they keep all records of the use of pesticides, fertilizer, irrigation and harvesting The vegetable growers have adopted new advanced technics such as new varieties and methods of pest and disease prevention by use of IPM and use more bio-pesticides Since the 021/06VIE project commenced in 2007, vegetable growers have been
practicing and undertaken training in good agricultural practices (GAP), they were