) Меню A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network) Меню A gateway is a piece of networking hardware or software used in telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network
Trang 1www.frenglish.ru
Trang 2Vocabulary Reading Grammar zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Strict parents The importance of family dinners
An international epal
Present simple and present continuous Articles
The story of Bonnie and Clyde
The British Police
Casino Royale
An informal letter
Past continuous Past simple Pronunciation: The
ed ending
International cultural knowledge:
British teenagers and their parents Popular culture:
The British Secret Intelligence Service Literature:
English words from other languages
The world's language Learning to speak Klingon Learning a different language
Some, any, much, many, a lot of, a few,
International cultural knowledge:
English as an international language Crosscurricular Language:
A language with no numbers Popular culture: Learning to speak Klingon
Comparatives and superlatives Pronunciation:
Sentence stress and weak forms
Less than, (not) as as Too and not enough
Crosscurricular History of Science:
John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth Popular culture:
Robin Hood and Maid Marian
Trang 3Listening writing Speaking Exam success/Study skills zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Asking for personal information Pair interviews Pronunciation: Intonation
in questions Roleplay: at a party
Reading: Multiplechoice activities Speaking: Information roleplays Grammar: Using reference material Writing: Keeping a mistakes checklist
Listening:True/false activities Writing: Knowing about evaluation f Vocabulary: Using a dictionary ( Reading: Prediction
A language biography Paragraphing
Describing places Asking for information Roleplay: information about a summer course
Use of English: Multiplechoice cloze 1
activities
Speaking: Evaluation 1
Knowing what type of learner you are Listening: Keeping calm
Health problems
Accidents an interview
Notes and messages Abbreviations Exchanging messages
Asking about experiences
in a photo Describing a scene Using fillers
Reading: Matching activities Writing: Content and style Vocabulary: Keeping vocabulary records Speaking: Words you don't know
Pair interviews Comparing ideas Talking about inventions Roleplay: planning activities and negotiating
Listening: Identifying the speaker activities Speaking: Negotiating
Reading: Reading for general information Grammar: Use and form
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Trang 46 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
р 7 0
Geographical features Protecting the environment Zero conditional
The environment The Australia quiz First conditional
Different uses of get Environmental problems in zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBABe going to and will
Australia
Pronunciation:
Recycling Sentence stress and Letter to an editor going to
Summer job advertisements Letter of application and CV
Modal verbs
of obligation, prohibition and advice
Pronunciation: silent letters
Second conditional
International cultural knowledge:
Australia Crosscurricular
SOS Australia
Geography:
International cultural knowledge:
American teenagers and work Popular culture:
Past perfect Pronunciation: The contraction У Questionnaire: ideal jobs/ Gerunds and personality/romance/advice infinitives
Crosscurricular History:
The King and Mrs Simpson A royal love story
Maximum Ride: Prologue
Book review Conversation in a bookshop
Reported speech statements Reported speech questions Pronunciation:
Intonation in direct and reported questions
Second Life
The passive present simple The passive other tenses
Literature:
Maximum Ride: The Angel Experiment
by James Patterson Literature:
Trang 5Exam success/Study skills
Use of English: Sentence transformation activities
Writing: Writing in exam conditions Listening: First listening, second listening Writing: Organising ideas into paragraphs
A letter of application jobs and CV Asking for and giving
advice Roleplay: Information about a summer job
Making notes Speaking
A personal description Retelling a story
Finding out about childhood experiences Evaluating a questionnaire Reporting a past event
Reading: True/false activities Listening: Multiplechoice activities Vocabulary: Efficient vocabulary revision Speaking: Making mistakes
Reporting results of a questionnaire
Discussing reading habits Reporting personal statements Interviewing a famous person
Making offers: Shopping
Reading: Missing sentence activities Listening: Completing notes Reading: Reading for pleasure Writing: Brainstorming
Trivia questions Text messages and abbreviations
Discussing computer use Presentation about your country
Group Quiz Talking about photos:
Speculation
Use of English: Cloze activities Speaking: A conversation based on a photo Reading: Guessing from context
Trang 6Male Female Male or Female
6 Approximately 670.000 babies are every year in Britain.
8 LISTENING @ 1.02 Listen to three people talking about themselves and their families. Choose the correct alternative for each person.
Trang 7So, are your parents protecting you or are they spying on you? Babies and small children need constantqare and protection. But is it really important for parents to know where their teenage kids are every minute of the day?
Adolescents need to take their own decisions and make their own mistakes. Mistakes are an important part of growing up, of passing from childhood to independence. We think it's important for parents to give their children the opportunity to do this.
something you do at school, but not part of your normal studieszyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA erfmzCHWk$l№.
things that you do wrong, that are incorrect connected to the Internet
chance, possibility permanent attention and help written or spoken information that you send to somebody
/ think my parents usually know where I am.
Me too. My parents always call
me when I'm not at home.
Unit 1
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Trang 8Question: he English? Present continuous
Trang 93 The computer is a brilliant
4 She doesn't live with her family. She likes having complete
5 You can find a lot of about many different topics on the Internet.
6 A hat can give you from the sun.
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Trang 10in their homes. Why? What, or who, is responsible for these problems?
A recent BBC television series explores these questions. It's called 'The world's strictest parents'. Is that because British parents are very strict? Just the opposite,
it seems.
The director of the programme, Andrea Wiseman, explains why they are making
it. She thinks that in the United Kingdom teenagers pay no attention to adults.
They don't want to do well at school.
They think they can do what they like and they are only interested in new fashions and Hollywood celebrities.
Why are British teenagers like this?' Wiseman says it's because their parents give their children everything they can But they give their children no limits, no
rules, no discipline because they want their children to be 'free'. They don't tell their children to work hard because they don't want their kids to have any stress.
The problem with this is that parents give their sons and daughters no cultural values. When a teenager does something bad and their parents say something, the teenagers immediately say 'My parents are really strict' or 'My parents aren't fair'.
So what happens in the TV programme?
Some problematic British teenagers go and live with parents in different parts
of the world. They live with families that believe in traditional discipline and cultural values. In Ghana, Jamaica, Botswana and the southern US state
of Alabama, the teenagers have the experience of living with parents who want and expect good behaviour and hard work. The results are interesting. In the end, the British teenagers seem to prefer having strict parents!
Match the words a n d definitions.
a the way that someone does things, for example, at school
1 0 Unit 1
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Trang 11Some boys take a beautiful girl, And hide her away from the rest of the world
• The song appears in many films, adverts and TV series, including
an episode of The Simpsons.
> The song is one of the first songs about girl power. Cyndi Lauper was an inspiration for artists like Madonna.
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Trang 125 We use to say what somebody's profession is.
pre GRAMMAR REFERENCE • page 16
the end the important thing the evening the afternoon
2 b j Listen again and repeat.
3 Complete the sentences with the if necessary.
1 Today on programme we're talking about family dinners.
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Trang 13(a)zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA An/The interesting study in the USA shows (b) the/0 importance of family dinners. The results
show that (c) O/the teenagers w h o eat with their families five or six times a week usually get
(d) O/the top marks at school. There is probably (e) a/the simple explanation for this. Rakeish Bedesi
is (f) O/the president of ApplyingtoSchool.com. This is (g) o/the service helping students w h o want
to go to (h) O/the university. He says he sees (i) o/the big difference between families that discuss
things and families that don't. W h e n y o u eat together and talk a b o u t (j) O/the different opinions
and options, students can plan for the future. Do you w a n t to be ( к ) O/o great inventor one day?
Talk about it over dinner!
5 Look at these questions. Add a, an, the or 0 if the question does not need an article. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1 Do you thinkzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA 0 family dinners are important?
Trang 14developing speaking zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Asking for personal information
1 Complete this personal information file with information about you and your brothers, sisters or best friend zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
B rothers/ S isters/ B est fr ien d : W h a t yo u u s u a l l y do on S a tu rd a ys :
W h a t th ey do: You r likes / dis likes :
. b roth er at u n ivers ity, sister w orks
. goes ou t w i th friends on Satu rdays
. plays ten n is on Sundays
Emma
• one b roth er
• b roth er stu dies a t school . watches films on Satu rdays . doesn't like sport
• does sport on Sundays
Philippa
. one sister
• sister lives in the USA . plays tennis on Saturdays . plays compu ter games on Sundays
Practice makes perfect
7a SPEAKING Work with a partner. Do this roleplay using the dialogue in 4 and the Speaking Bank to help you.
You meet an E nglis h boy/girl at a party.
• Fin d ou t i f he/she has brothers or sisters.
• Tell him/her about you r fa mily.
Trang 15eveloping speaking zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Asking for personal information
1 Complete this personal information file with information about you and your brothers, sisters or best friend. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
B rothers / S is ters / B es t fr ien d : W h a t yo u u s u a l l y do on S a tu rd a ys :
Age: W h a t yo u u s u a l l y do on S u nda ys :
W h a t th ey do: You r likes / d is likes :
. b roth er at u n ivers ity, sister w orks
. goes ou t w i th friends on S atu rdays
. plays ten n is on Sundays
Emma
• one b r oth er
• b roth er stu dies a t school . watches films on S atu rdays
• doesn't like s port
Philippa
• one sister . sister lives in the USA . plays tennis on Saturdays
2 In Yes/No questions (e.g. Is your name Anna?) the intonation
usually goes ид/down at the end of the question.
6 SPEAKING Practise the completed dialogue in 4 with your partner. Pay special attention to the correct intonation in questions.
Practice makes perfect
7a SPEAKING Work with a partner. Do this roleplay using the dialogue in 4 and the Speaking Bank to help you.
You meet an E nglis h boy/girl at a party.
• Find ou t i f he/she has brothers or sisters.
• Tell him/her about you r fa mily.
• Fin d ou t what he/she does at the weekend.
• Tell him/her what you do in you r free time.
7b Change partners and repeat.
• EXAM SUCCESS
In information roleplays, how can you keep the conversation jj going? EXAM SUCCESS • page 150 *
14 Unit 1
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Trang 16My interests Message
Language English Find an i n t e r n a t i o n a l epal English and a little Spanish Music, b o o k s , t r a v e l Hi! I'm f r o m D u b l i n I've g o t t w o
b r o t h e r s , t w o sisters and a pet d o g called B u t t o n s ! I love t r a v e l l i n g and discovering n e w c o u n t r i e s , n e w music and n e w b o o k s If y o u w a n t t o practise y o u r English and make n e w
We use contractions like I'm or
Paragraph 3 basic personal information Paragraph 4 asking for a reply
Paragraph 5 family
Practice makes perfect
Look at the task and write the email. Use Silvia's email and the Writing Bank to help you. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
W r ite an em a il w i th in for m a tion ab ou t you r s elf to a new e pal. Tell you r e pal:
• basic pers ona l in for m a tion
• in for m a tion ab ou t you r fa m il y
• in for m a tion ab ou t you r m a in h ob b y
• in for m a tion ab ou t you r fa vou rite su b ject at school.
Jnit 1
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Trang 17have (= possess) need love hate want prefer believe know understand think (= have an opinion) mean hear see seem
3 Noun suffixes ment, ion, ence
equipment improvement movement retirement discussion information invention protection adolescence confidence difference independence
4 Other words and phrases • page 1361
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Trang 18a is b d o с does d has I'm not sure if he French or German right now.
a studies bstudys с study d's studying I'm sorry, I what you're telling me.
a'm not understanding b not understand
с not understanding d don't understand Where's your cousin? He normally on time.
a come bis arriving с arrives d is coming Ah! Now I what you mean.
a see b'm seeing с ' m knowing d m not understanding Stop talking to her because she to you.
a don't listen b isn't listening с's listening d never listens Why she doing anything?
1 She usually gets 50% or 60% in her exams but in this exam she has 90%. That's a big
2 Gan you ? I can't see the blackboard if you sit there.
3 I love my MP3 player! What a great !
4 This program your computer from viruses.
5 There are two or three between the present simple and the present continuous.
6 She wants to be a secondary school teacher because she likes working with
Trang 192& iminal re zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA cord zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
7 b Work with a partner. Compare your ideas.
/ think murder is very serious. I give it an 8.
I agree. What do you think about mugging?
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Trang 20t zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Reading zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
3 Read the stories and match the pictures, titles and texts.
•zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA \
an important lesson: never mug
a magician. Four young people attacked Copperfield after a show in Florida, last week. Copperfield had money, his passport, and his mobile phone in his pockets. But when the robbers were looking for something
to steal, he showed his pockets to the thieves and the objects weren't there! The thieves didn't wait to look for them. The police arrested the men when they were running away after a call from Copperfield on his disappearing phone.
A British car thief made
a basic mistake. Lee Hoskins was stealing an Opel Astra when he came across a camera inside the car. So what did he do? He and his girlfriend took photos of each other next to the car. Soon afterwards, they crashed the car. They quickly ran away from the scene of the crime but they left the camera inside the car. The police soon worked out who the thief was! 'Some criminals can be really stupid,' said a police officer looking into the case.
A Colombian criminal had an original idea for a burglary. He got inside a box and a friend sent him by.post to the house of a rich businessman. But the businessman was surprised and suspicious when the large parcel turned up at his house. He didn't think
it was normal to receive this big parcel and so he called the police. When the thief finally came out of the box, he saw ten police officers standing there waiting for him.
Trang 211 What were (be) the boy and girl in the middle of? 5 What
Trang 22Texas. S h e w a s v e r y i n t e l l i g e n t
Clyde's full n a m e w a s (b) H e w a s
They often stole c a r s too. O n c e C l y d e s e n t a l e t t e r
to H e n r y F o r d , to t h a n k h i m H e t o l d h i m t h a t
the pair of c r i m i n a l s w h e n t h e y w e r e i n t h e i r c a r
Bonnie and Clyde w e r e so f a m o u s t h a t m a n y p e o p l e
went to see the c a r a n d t r i e d to s t e a l t h e i r c l o t h e s !
Phrasal verbs connected with investigating and finding
1 Find the phrasal verbs in the stories on page 19 and match them to the definitions below. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAcome across find out look for
After their investigation, they
3 How many sentences can you make with the words in the table? Your sentences must include the phrasal verbs in 1.
Trang 23T h e p o l i c e a n d t h e S I S
• The emergency number to call the police in Britain is 999. They chose this number because
on old telephones i t was very difficult to ring the number by accident.
• People called the first police cars 'panda cars' because they had panels of different colours, sometimes black and white, or often blue and white
• I n the past, to be a police officer you needed to be 1 metre 78 or more.
Now i t isn't important how tall or short you are.
• The first police headquarters were in a place called Great Scotland Yard.
In 1890 they moved to a different place. People called this New Scotland Yard. Then, i n 1967, the police built a new, modern headquarters which
is also called New Scotland Yard! It is just 450 metres from the Houses of Parliament i n London.
• WORD BOOSTER
Match the words and definitions.
1 army uniform
b a large group of soldiers who fight on land
с central offices
d a large group of soldiers who fight at sea
Trang 24Bond drove faster and faster. He was angry. Why had M sent Vesper - a woman - on this job? He knew that Le Chiffre's men would give him the girl if he gave them the cheque. Well, he wouldn't do it! This job was more important than Vesper. A l l right, he would try and catch the Citroen. But if he didn't catch them, he would go back to his hotel. He would say nothing to Mathis about the Citroen. He would not pay Le Chiffre's men the forty million francs. Tomorrow he would show Mathis the note. He would ask Mathis what had happened to Vesper.
Bond's Bentley was travelling at 160 kilometres an hour. The Citroen was only a kilometre or two ahead. Bond took a gun from under the driver's seat. He put it on the seat beside him.
There were three men and the girl in the Citroen. Le Chiffre was driving. The man who had carried the walking-stick gun was beside him. There was a thick handle next to the man's left hand. The handle came from the floor of the car.
The tall, thin gunman was sitting in the back seat. Vesper was next to him. She had a sack over her head. It was tied around her neck with a piece of rope.
Le Chiffre watched Bond's car in his driving mirror. The Bentley was only a kilometre behind. When he went round a corner, Le Chiffre slowed to fifty kilometres an hour. He could see a crossroads ahead.
'Get ready,' he said to the man beside him.
The man put his fingers round the handle. A t that moment, the Bentley's headlights came round the corner.
'Now!' said Le Chiffre.
He stopped the car and all three men jumped out. They ran back to the crossroads. Each man carried a gun.
9 c In your group, decide how to present your information to the rest
of the class. Prepare it and present it.
Unit 2 23
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Trang 25d An activity in progress in the past interrupted by a sudden action.
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Trang 26the questions about the story.
5 Complete the dialogue by putting the verbs in the correct form of the past continuous or past simple.
One afternoon a young girl was sitting i n a cafe d r i n k i n g tea.
What were you doing at 8am last Saturday?
I was revising English.
Why were you revising English at 8am?
Because I had an exam last week and I didn't have any other time to study.
Because at ten o'clock I went away with my friends for the weekend.
Why not?
I think it's false!
Unit 2
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Trang 277b Work with a partner. Student A: Ask Sophie's questions from 3. Student B: Answer the questions. Use the Speaking Bank and your notes to help you. Now change roles.
26 Unit 2
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Trang 28Щ, <W <sat~J , / \N\AOJC C №jo^ cb\«y wltU *лу bay?' J ^wUWfc
ЫzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAА && \h •— ut \MAAJM!& а г ю Ь*а_?!
• We often begin with Thanks for your or I'm writing to tell you about
• To end an informal letter we can use Write back soon and
Last week you found something unusual. Write a letter to a friend telling them about what you found.
Unit 2
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Trang 29We often use while and as with the past continuous.
While/As I was crossing tke road I saw an accident.
Remember that some verbs are not usually used in the continuous (see page 16).
/ wanted to see tke concert.
I was wanting to see tke concert.
• Vocabulary
nouns: burglary mugging murder burglar mugger murderer investigating and finding
piracy robbery shoplifting pirate robber shoplifter come across find out look for
verbs: burgle kill mug pirate
Unit 2
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Trang 303 A is someone who damages and destroys things for no reason.
4 A is someone who takes another person's life.
5 A is somebody who steals things in general.
Trang 31G a te w a y to e xa m s zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Units 12 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1 Look at the photo. T h e t e e n a g e r is w e a r i n g a 'hoodie', a
jacket or s w e a t s h i r t with a h o o d w h i c h c a n cover your h e a d
or f a c e Do y o u like h o o d i e s ? H o w often do y o u w e a r o n e ?
В p e o p l e w h o w e a r h o o d i e s are criminals.
С it is difficult to k n o w exactly w h o
s o m e b o d y is w h e n they w e a r a h o o d i e
Trang 32• Listening • Writing zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
• A s k t h e m to tell y o u a b o u t a m e m b e r of t h e i r
family w h o is s p e c i a l to t h e m
EXAM SUCCESS • page 150
W r i t e a n i n f o r m a l e m a i l to a n e p a l D e s c r i b e
a g o o d f r i e n d at s c h o o l F o l l o w this p a r a g r a p h
b I can ask for and give basic personal information.
с I can make nouns using the suffixes ment, ion,
ence.
d I can understand conversations about families and family life,
e I can write a basic informal email about myself
or somebody I know well,
f I can report past events using the past simple and past continuous,
g I can explain sequences of events in the past using expressions of sequence and time,
h I can understand written and spoken texts about crimes and the police,
i I can talk about different crimes and investigations,
j I can write a basic informal letter about a past event.
Trang 331 Work with a pa rtner a nd com ple te the ta ble.
Count ry Nat i onal i t y Language(s)
1 Brazil Brazilian Portuguese
m em ori se pract ise revise st ud y t ransl at e
2 1.17 Listen a nd check your a nswe rs.
3 a PRONUNCIATION M ark the m a in stress in e a ch word in 1.
4 b Work in sm a ll groups. Use your notes to ta lk a bout the
countries you would like to visit a nd expla in why. zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAI' d like to visit Wales because I enjoy watching
rugby. I want to visit Cardiff and go camping.
study — student
6 Look a t the se words. Decide if we use do or make with ea ch word Ca n you think of other verbs we ca n use with the words?
How do you study English outside school?
I do my homework and I sometimes read books in English. I watch DVDs in the original version too.
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Trang 34read these books? Why/ Why not?
t
Translating the worlds bestseller zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Tk ere are more t han 4 0 0 m i l l i o n Harrv Pot t er
boobs i n trie worl d But approxi m at el y 1 0 0 m i l l i o n
copies do not cont ai n any lines f r o m t he aut hors ori gi nal
text. Tkat' s because tbey are t ransl at i ons. At t ke m om ent ,
tbere are versions i n oyer sixty languages, i n cl u d i n g
Welsh, La t i n and An c i en t Greek.
2 JeanFrancois M enard , t k e Frenck t ransl at gr of
tke Harry Potter kooks, t ransl at ed t k e 7 0 0 p age
fourth boob i n just 6 3 days. The t ransl at ors didn' t have
much t i m e because they coul d onl y begin when t he
English version appeared i n t he shops. Th i s was because
the author wanted t he story t o be a t o t a l secret. I n a few
countries where the general public' s level of Engl i sh
is very hi^ h (for example i n Scandinavia), i t was very
important t o t ranslat e t he boob quickly, i f not , people
in tkose count ries coul d just kuy t k e ori gi nal Engl i sk
version, not t ke t ransl at i on.
3 Read the text a ga in. Are these sta te m e nts true (T),
or is the informa tion not m e ntione d (NM )?
some problematic translations why translating Harry Potter wasn' t easy
3 I n ot ker count ries suck as Ck i na, t kere were unof f i ci al , pirate t ransl at i ons. People sold t k em on tke streets illegally. Tk e aut kor didn' t receive any money
f r o m tkese kooks and oft en t ke t ransl at i ons were not very good. A pirat e version i n Vene zuela m 2 0 0 3 cont ained many mistakes. Tk e t ransl at or occasionally put a few
of ki s own i n f o rm a l messages i n t o t ke t ext , f or example Here comes som et ki ng I can' t translate, sorry' , or ' I didn' t understand w kat t k at meant
4 It' s t rue t k a t t ke t ransl at i on of ). K. Rowling' s books kad some special d i ffi cul t i es. On e k i g p rok l em was
wi t h i nvent ed words and names. 1 kere are a l o t о f t k ese
words i n t k e series approxi m at el y 4 0 0 ! Spanisk readers
f i n d m ost of tkese words exactly t k e same as i n Engl i sk.
So, quidditch* and muggles* * are unchanged i n t k e
b p ani sk versions. B u t i n Brazi l t k e t ransl at or invent ed ker own Portuguese words t o express t k e ideas and sounds
of t k e ori gi nal words, bo we kave quadribo! t o t ranslat e quidditch, and trouxas inst ead[of muggles.
* Quidditch is the invented sport that Marry Potter plays.
* * Muggles are humans who haven't got magical powers.
M a tch the underlined, words in the text with their definitions.
1 forms of something that are different from the original versions.
2 from t i m e to t i m e
2 Do you prefer reading books or watching films in t he original version or in your own language? Why?
I' ve got the first three Harry Potter books and the first DVD. I love Harry Potter!
U ni t 3
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Trang 35• Gr a m m a r i n c o n t ext zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Some, any, much, many, a lot of, a few, a little zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
l a Find t he se word s in the text on pa ge 3 3 Are the y counta ble or uncounta ble ?
1 b Look a t t he se se nt e nce s. The word s in bold all express qua ntity.
1 The Harry Potter books presented som e special difficulties.
2 They needed som e t i m e t o d o t he j o b well.
3 They d o not cont ain a ny lines f rom t he original t ext
4 Did t he aut hor receive a ny m oney f rom these books?
5 There were not m a ny mistakes in t he official translations.
6 There was not m uch t i m e.
7 There are a lot of invent ed words.
8 They didn' t have a lot of t i m e.
9 He added a few inform al messages int o t he t ext
1 0 They had a little t i m e t o check t heir work, b ut not m uch.
The n a nswe r questions a e a bout the words.
a Which words d o we use wi t h uncount able nouns?
some, any, much, a lot of, a little
b Which words d o we use wi t h plural count able nouns?
с Which words oft en appear in negative sentences and questions?
d Which words d o we use t o talk ab out large quantities?
e Which words d o we use t o talk ab out small quantities?
( G R AM M AR R E F E R E N C E • p a ge4 2 ^ zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
J
2 a Com ple te the dia logue withzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA some or any.
biscuits t oo.
J AMIE: OK. Listen. I t hi nk I' ll get (h) ha m burge rs for dinner t oni ght
(k) yoghurt for dessert!
2 b All the words in bold a re t yp e s of food, but the y a ll ha ve som e t hing else in com m on. Ca n you guess wha t it is?
3 Choose the corre ct a lte rna tive
N o b o d y knows exact l y h o w (a) much/
many word s there are in total in the English
l a n gu a ge but t here are (b) gjgt/ gjotgl
On e reason wh y t here are so (c) many/ much
is t hat English takes wo rd s from (d) much/
many ot her l anguages. Look at the word s for
f ood in exercise 2 a for exam p l e. There m ay be
(e) a few/ a little word s there that com e from
your l a n gu a ge, (f) Some/ Any of the wo rd s
com e from South Am eri c a p o t a t o , t o m a t o
a n d ch o co l a t e. There aren' t (g) any/ many
wo rd s from Chi nese in the English l a n gu a ge,
but ket chup is one of t hem Ori gi n a l l y,
ket chup wa s t he nam e for a t yp e of fish
sauce in Ch i n a Teenagers in Bri t ai n don' t eat
(h) many/ much fish sauce but they d o eat
(i) lots/ lots of ham burgers. There is (j) some/
any confusion ab out the ori gi n of the wo rd
ham b urger but (Ic) q.IqI of/ much p eop l e think that it comes from Germ a n Because Britain a n d France are neighbours it is normal
t hat t here are (I) a few/ a lot. of French wo rd s in English hund red s in fact Biscuit is just one exa m p l e. On the ot her h a n d , (m) a lot.
of/ many fruit travels a l ong wa y t o get t o Brit ain. That exp l ai ns wh y the wo rd b a n a n a comes from an Af ri can l anguage. There are
al so (n) a few/ a little wo rd s from Turkish, like yoghurt An d , fi nal l y, if you ask f or (o) a few/ a little sugar in your cof f ee, you' re using
t wo Ara b i c wo rd s. Just b y b ei n g in an English ki t chen you can t ravel t o (p) much/ many count ries!
U n i t 3
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4 Work with a partner. Com plete the se se nte nce s a bout your
language. Use these words a nd phra ses for idea s. You ma y
complete ea ch sentence with two or thre e different ide a s.
English/ French/ German/ Russian wo rd s p rep osi t i ons
phrasal verbs i rregul ar past f orm s p refi xes p resent t enses
words b egi nni ng wi t h z word s w i t h m ore t h a n 12 l et t ers
5a SPEAKING Work individua lly. Look at the photos a nd choose a
country. M ake notes a bout things tha t the re a re or aren' t in this
country. Use the se idea s.
animals bicycles f o o d f ru i t m od ern/ ol d b u i l d i n gs
monuments m o u n t a i n s offi ces p eo p l e snow
tourism t rees wat er
Я В И
J
5b SPEAKING Work in pa irs. You need to discover your partner' s
country by a sking questions withzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA any, much, many, a lot of, a few,
a little. Your pa rtner ca n only a nswe r ' Yes' or ' No'
2 Choose the correct a lterna tive.
1 Many com m on English verbs, such as go, do and
make, have gjegujgr/anjrjegujgi past form
2 Authors aren' t usually hgpjty/ шЬарШ about
pirate versions of their books.
3 'A books' is correct/ incorrect English.
4 You couldn' t see t he words. They were
Why is this?
3 b Pra ctise sa ying the words in 1. Sa y the words with norm a l stress a nd t he n say the m with stress on the nega tive prefix.
З с ф Listen, check a nd repea t.
4 a SPEAKING Work with a pa rtner. Write m ini
dia logues sim ila r to the se cond dia logue in 3 a
It' s possible to go up Mount Everest in a day.
4 b Pra ctise sa ying the dia logues. Stress the
ne ga tive prefix.
U n i t 3
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Rea d the text. Do a ny of your idea s from exercise 1,
question 2 a ppe a r?
a I N S I D E I N FORM ATI ON
• Bill Bryson is an American writer who is very popular in Britain.
• His books include travel books (Wotes
from a Small Island is about Britain), biographies (Shakespeare: The World as Stage) and science (A Short History of Nearly Everything).
in t he world? This is a d i f f i cul t
question because so many
people speak i t i n so many
5 d i fferent countries and si t uat i ons. David
Graddol is a Brit ish l i ngui st who wrote a
Graddol says t h a t there are approximately
450 m i l l i on native English speakers around
to t he world, i n about 70 countries. Just t o
compare t h a t wi t h other languages, some
people calculate t h a t there are 8 8 5 m i l l i on
a year! Now t he English language does not
j u st belong t o t he English as Bi l l Bryson
shows i n t he t ext below, i t belongs t o t he
30 pause for fewer fuelling stops, Poles watch
telewizja, Spaniards have a flirt, Austrians eat Big Macs, and t he Japanese go on a
pikkunikku. For better or worse, English has become t he most global of languages, t he
35 lingua franca of business, science, education, politics, and pop music. For the airlines of
i t found t hat there were t oo few Germans
who spoke Chinese and t oo few Chinese who spoke German, so now Volkswagen' s
communicate in a language t hat is alien
to both of t hem , English. Belgium has two languages, French and Flemish, yet on a recent vi si t t o the country' s main airport in
55 Brussels, I counted more than fi ft y posters and signs and not one of them was in French
or Flemish. They were al l i n English.'
Rea d the text a ga in. Why do the se words or num be rs a ppe a r in the text?
pikkunikku 4 Volkswagen 7 4 5 0 m i l l i on
weekend break 5 Brussels airport 8 t hree t housand
157 6 seventy
Japanese people use this word but it's really the English word 'picnic'.
1 « i
• WORD BOOSTER
M a t ch t h e wo rd s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s.
5 Wha t a bout you?
1 Did any of t he i nform at i on ab out English surprise you? Why?
2 How i m p ort ant d o you t hi nk it is in your count ry t o learn English? Why?
/ didn' t know that they use
English words in Japanese.
nat i ve speaker
b el ongs t o
ai rl i ne discourse set u p
f act ory alien
Me neither.
a sp oken or wr i t t e n l anguage
b so m eb o d y w h o speaks a
l anguage f ro m b i rt h
с b egan, creat ed
d British Airways, Lufthansa, Iberia, etc.
e is p art of so m et h i n g
f unusual , f ro m a d i fferent cul t ure
g b u i l d i n g wh ere p eop l e make i
p rod uce t h i n gs
36 U n i t 3
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Trang 38Crosscurricular Language f zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
T h e P i V a WzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA b r i b e
6 Look at the photo of the Piraha tribe.
What la ngua ge do you think the y
speak? Do you think t he y ha ve
Many of these
people
only know a word or two. But some invent poems and stories or write translations, including translations of Shakespeare.
But it' s one thing to write Klingon, and it' s another thing to speak it.
There are only 2 0 or 3 0 people who can have a conversation in Klingon. There is an annual Klingon conference and it is one of the few places where people can have these conversations. I went to one of their conferences in 2 0 0 7
On the first afternoon of the conference, I saw a small group
of people around a table. They were talking in Klingon, slowly, and using dictionaries a lot, but they were communicating. I sat and listened. I was happy when, at last,
I understood my first spoken Klingon sentence: Ha' DibaHvlSopbe' (' Animal
I it eat not' = I' m a vegetarian).
Later at the conference, I met two people who were chatting in Klingon. They were Captain Krankor and his girlfriend Agnieszka. When
he is wearing his Klingon costume, Krankor only speaks Klingon. He travels with a guitar and sings Klingon translations of The Beatles and The Rolling Stones!
Arika Okrent
l i vezyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA in 1
people speak the Piraha lanquaqe.
tfave 3 or 4 different sounds. Difference between men and мотеп because men use 5
Popular culture
Learning to speak Klingon
5 You a re going to rea d a bout a la ngua ge ca lled Klingon.
Before you rea d, work with a pa rtner. Wha t would you like to know a bout this la ngua ge ? Write four questions
How many people can speak Klingon?
Wkere canyon learn it?
9 Rea d the text. Does it a nswe r a ny of your questions?
Wha t a re the a nswers?
1 0 Rea d the text a ga in a nd write questions for the se
1 1 Who a re the se people?
1 He was t he inventor of t he Klingon language.
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Trang 39• Gr a m m a r i n c o n t ext zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1 Work with a pa rtner. Who a re the pe ople in t he se photos?
Wha t do you know a bout t he m or their film s?
Is it necessary t o underst and every word when you listen t o
a t ext in English? Why/ Why not? STUDY SKILLS p age 1 4 6
3zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA ф Listen again a nd ma tch the speakers a nd the correct
inform a tion. Two spe a ke rs ha ve m ore tha n one a nswe r.
A worked on a vi d eo gam e.
В has a lot of com p et i t i on to get work.
С want ed to act when she was sm al l
D doesn' t im it at e t he act ors t hat she d ub s.
E is physi cal l y sim ilar to t he act or he d ub s.
F work ed very fast
G doesn' t want p eop l e t o see her.
H doesn' t usually sp eak fast
l a Look at the se se nte nce s.
1 France is a place whe re t hey d ub a lot of films.
2 I' m t he person who does Angelina Jolie' s films.
3zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Mission Impossible is t he fi l m which made me
famous in China.
4 I becom e t he character (that) she plays.
5 That was t he m om ent whe n I decided t o become
an actor.
6 That was t he first film tha t became popular.
7 He' s t he actor whose films I like t he most.
1 b Look at se nte nce s 4 a nd 6 Why is it possible to
om it fna f in se nte nce 4 , but not in sentence 6 ?
G R AM M AR R E F E R E N C E • page 42
J
Look at the rela tive pronouns in the se se nte nce s.
In which se nte nce s ca n you om it the rela tive pronoun?
1 That' s t he fi l m tha t I saw last week.
5 I' m sure she' s t he actress tha t appeared in Fantastic Four.
6 The first t hi ng tha t I did was t o swit ch on t he TV.
Trang 40Poland is one count ry (1 )zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA where d u b b i n g f i l m s
is not popular. I n Pol and , actors don' t cop y t he o ri gi n a l ,
Englishspeaking actors. Inst ead there is j u st one speaker
(2) si m p l y reads a l l t he o ri gi n a l En gl i sh
dialogue i n Pol i sh. Wh i l e you are l i st eni ng t o t he speaker, you
can also hear t he o ri gi n a l En gl i sh versi on i n the b ack ground Th i s
is something (3 ) is very p op ul ar i n Pol and I t
doesn' t seem unusual t o wat ch p o p u l a r f i l m s and series and hear
a middleaged m an read i ng the d i al ogue o f a gro u p o f teenage
girls. People have t hei r f avouri t e speakers (4 )
they l i ke the q u a l i t y o f t h ei r voices. One p o p u l a r speaker,
(5) CV includes some b i g Ho l l yw o o d f i l m s ,
says he has hi s o wn rul e: ' Int erp ret at i on, yes; expression, no.'
There is one t h i n g (6 ) creates p rob l em s f or
speakers. Polish word s are general l y l ong, i n com p ari son to
English. An d t hey have a (7 ) o f consonant s.
Sometimes t ranslat ors si m p l i f y and cut t he d i al ogue because
speakers need t o read slowly. I n 2 0 0 1 , a t el evi si on channel used
six different voices on a fam ous Am er i c a n com ed y series. Th ey
wanted to see i f d ub b i ng co u l d be p op ul ar. Th i s exp eri m ent
(8) wo rk They had a lot o f phone cal l s f r o m
people who were very unhap p y (9 ) t hey d i d t hi s!
rela tive pronouns.
Mumbai, or Bombay, is the place where they make Bollywoodfilms.
b made t he film Mr and Mrs Smith wi t h Angelina Jolie.
с became famous for his films Red, White and Blue.
5 b Rea d your definitions to your pa rtner. Ca n your
pa rtner identify the words?
It' s a person who attacks you to take money or objects from you.
A mugger.
It' s the stage of life when you' re a child. I
A which В where С whose D zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Childhood.
A zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA В who с whose D does
A who В can с what D which
6 Com ple te the se sentences with true inform a tion
A but в which с because D why a bout you.
A whose в his с who D that
1 is a place where I' m usually
is a place where I' m usually
A lot в lots с many D little 2 is an object which is really
A don' t в wasn' t с can' t D didn' t important t o me.
A who в where с when D which
3 was a year when something
4 is a person who is special to me.
5 is a place where I want to go one day.
6 is a language that I want to learn.
7 is a film that I love.
7 SPEAKING Work with a pa rtner. Com pa re your
se nte nce s in 6 a nd discuss your a nswers.
Home is a place where I' m usually happy.
Me too. But I wrote ' the swimming pool'
I go swimming every weekend. I love it.
U ni t 3 39
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