Everyday vocabulary grammar drozdova t yu totkalo n v

The verb TO BE in the Past Simple Tense p.. Asking Questions in the Past Simple Tense p.. The Verb TO HAVE in the Present Simple Tense p.. The Past Continuous and the Past Simple Tense p

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Пособие содержит 10 тематических разделов: Family and Relations, People, A Place to

Live, Daily Routine, The World of Work, Food and Meals, Shopping, Health and Illness, On the Move,

On Holiday

Несомненным преимуществом данной работы является психологически обоснованныйподход к изучению лексики Объём словарных блоков, предлагаемых по ходу развитиякаждой новой темы, учитывает особенности работы памяти Для лучшего запоминания слов

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его user-friendly.

Т Ю Дроздова

Н В Тоткало

Unit 1 FAMILY and RELATIONS .8

1.1 Types of Families .9

1.2 Family Relationships .15

Grammar: The verb TO BE in the Present Simple Tense (p 10) Possessive (’s) (p 11) Possessive and Absolute Pronouns (p 11) The Present Simple Tense (p 15) The verb TO BE in the Past Simple Tense (p 21) The Past Simple Tense (p 21) Asking Questions in the Past Simple Tense (p 26) The Verb TO HAVE in the Present Simple Tense (p 27) Unit 2 PEOPLE 32

2.1 Appearance .32

2.2 Character .49

Grammar: HAVE SOMETHING DONE Construction (p 39) The Comparison of Adjectives (pp 40, 46) The Modal Verb SHOULD (pp 54, 61) Unit 3 A PLACE TO LIVE 64

3.1 Types of Dwellings and Premises 65

3.2 Looking for a Place to Live .75

3.3 Rooms and Interiors .80

3.4 Interior Design and Redecoration .87

3.5 The Housewarming Party .93

Grammar: Prepositions and Adverbs of Place (pp 65, 81) THERE + BE construction (p 67) IT or THERE? (p 74) Prepositions of Place and Direction (p 84) The Word Order Adjective+ Noun (p 86) The Passive Voice (p 90) Talking about Distance (p 94) Unit 4 DAILY ROUTINE 95

4.1 Getting Ready for Work/School .95

4.2 The Working Day Starts .99

4.3 After School/Work .101

4.4 On the Go .103

4.5 A Working Life Ends .109

4.6 At the Weekend .111

Grammar: Expressing Obligation and Necessity (p 97) The Past Continuous and the Past Simple Tense (p 100) The Present Continuous Tense (p 105) The Present Simple and the Present Continuous Tense (p.106) The Past Continuous Tense (p 108) USED TO (p 110) Fixed Phrases with the Verbs DO and MAKE (p 113) Unit 5 THE WORLD OF WORK 114

5.1 What Is Your Job? What Do You Do? What Do You Do for a Living? .114

5.2 Where Do They Work? .116

5.3 What Do You Do at Work? What Does Your Work Involve? What are Your Main Duties and Responsibilities? .119

5.4 A Light Purse is a Heavy Curse 122

5.5 Looking for a Job .124

5.6 Job Opportunities .135

5.7 Leaving the Service .137

Grammar: Use of Articles with the Nouns: SCHOOL/COLLEGE, HOSPITAL, WORK (p 118)

Use of the Gerund (p 125) The Modal Verb CAN: Forms and Meanings (p 133)

Conditional Sentences (Type I and II) (p 136)

Unit 6 FOOD and MEALS 140

6.1 Food .140

6.2 Ways of Cooking .152

6.3 Meals .157

6.4 Going out for a Meal .163

Grammar: Countable and Uncountable Nouns (p 143) Basic Uses of SOME and ANY (p 144) Use of Articles with Nouns of Material (p 145) Quantifiers: MUCH /MANY, LITTLE /FEW, A LOT OF, PLENTY OF (p 149) Use of Articles with the Names of Meals: LUNCH, DINNER, TEA (p 158) Some Uses of SHALL and WILL (p 170) Unit 7 SHOPPING 173

7.1 Shopping for Food .174

7.2 Quantities and Package .187

7.3 Shopping Goes “Green” .189

7.4 Shopping for Goods .193

7.5 Dress Your Best .199

7.6 The Changing Face of Shopping .211

Grammar: The Complex Subject Infinitive Construction (p 180) The Present Perfect Tense (p 183) The Category of Number Special Cases (p 201) The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (p 204) Unit 8 HEALTH and ILLNESS 213

8.1 The Resource for Everyday Life .213

8.2 Human Body .214

8.3 How Are You Today? .215

8.4 Health Problems .218

8.5 Diagnosing and Treatment .224

8.6 At the Dentist’s .238

Grammar: Use of the Gerund (p 216) A/AN or ZERO Article with Reference to Illness (p 219) Expressing Certainty and Possibility (p 223) Indirect Command and Request (p 227) Indirect Speech Reported Statement (p 231) Indirect Questions (p 234) Reporting a Dialogue or a Conversation (p 236) Unit 9 ON THE MOVE 241

9.1 Why Do People Travel? .241

9.2 Travelling by Train 251

9.3 Travelling by Air .257

9.4 Travelling by Sea .265

9.5 Travelling by Bus .270

9.6 Travelling by Car .272

Grammar: Use of Article with Geographical Names (p 245) Prepositions with Forms of Transport (p 247) Talking about the Future (p 255) HAD BETTER (NOT) DO SOMETHING, HAVE TO, SHOULD (p 259) Unit 10 ON HOLIDAY 275

10.1 Holiday Accommodation .276

10.2 Different Things at Different Time .285

Grammar: The Present Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous Tense (p 284) The Use of the Gerund after the Verbs COME and GO (p 288) The Use of ’S and S’ with Non-Living Things (p 288) Non-Defining Relative Clauses (p 296) Adverb or Adjective? (p 296) Questions Tags (p 298)

APPENDICES .299

Appendix 1 English-Russian Dictionary .299

Appendix 2 British/American English 302

Appendix 3 Spelling Differences Between British English and American English 304

Appendix 4 Some Useful Verbs 306

Appendix 5 Expressions with the Verb TO BE 308

Appendix 6 Connectives and Transitional Phrases for Sentence Openings .309

Appendix 7 The Numeral .310

Appendix 8 The Old Units of Measurement .312

Appendix 9 Dates .314

Appendix 10 List of Irregular Verbs .315

LITERATURE 319

Alex and Fiona Smith are grandparents now They have two children: Linda and Bob Alex is their father and Fiona is their mother Linda is Bob’s sister and Bob is Linda’s brother Linda and Bob are deeply attached to their parents.

Linda is married to Ben Jones He is her husband Ben Jones is Alex and Fiona’s son-in-law Bob is also married His wife’s name is Daisy Her maiden name is Daisy Robertson Now she is Daisy Smith Daisy is Alex and Fiona’s daughter-in-law

Ben is Bob’s brother-in-law and Daisy is Linda’s

sister-in-law.

Ben and Linda Jones have two children: a

son Clif and a daughter Carol They are

twins.

Bob and Daisy Smith have only one child

Colin Clif, Carol and Colin are Alex and

Fiona’s grandchildren So, the Smiths

granddaughter.

Linda is Colin’s aunt and Ben is his

uncle Daisy and Bob are Clif and

Carol’s aunt and uncle Clif is their

nephew and Carol is their niece Clif,

Carol and Colin are cousins.

FAMILY and RELATIONS

1

Ex 1.Complete these sentences with an appropriate word from A, B or C.

1 In spite of being a family, the Smiths are very happy and close to eachother Besides, they are going to adopt several children soon

A extended B nuclear C childless

2 Mr and Mrs Papatatl live in a house with their aged parents, children and grandchildren Theyare a typical example of a traditional family

A nuclear B enlarged C extended

3 Mrs Jones lives on her own and brings up her son There are a lot of families like hers

A single-parent B mother-only C mono-parent

MEMORY BOX

Grammar

To speak about a family you will

need the verb TO BE (быть,

являть-ся, находиться).

POSITIVE FORM

I am he/she/it is we/you/they are

I’m, he’s, we’re

NEGATIVE FORM

I am not he/she/it is not we/you/they are not

I’m not, he isn’t, we aren’t

QUESTION

Am I?

Is he/she/it?

Are we/you/they?

 Betty is Bob’s sister.

 Their parents are both doctors.

 Colin isn’t at school today, he is

ill.

Ex 2.Complete the Memory Box

IMMEDIATE FAMILY husband .

1 Your relatives on your wife’s side are: your wife’s

sister is your , and her brother is your

Your parents refer to your wife as their

while your brothers and sisters refer to her

as their Your wife’s parents speak of you

as their

To ask a question we put the present (or past)

simple of the verb TO BE at the beginning of the

sentence, before the subject

 Are they a big family?

 Is Betty older than Bob?

2 Someone’s second wife speaks of her husband’s children as her , whereas thelatter speak of her as their Someone’s second husband also refers to his wife’schildren as his while the latter speak of him as their

3 If your stepfather or stepmother already has children from an earlier marriage, those childrenbecome your and

4 A brother or sister with whom you share only one parent is your or

SECOND MARRIAGE stepson stepdaughter stepfather stepmother stepbrother stepsister half-brother half-sister

 The children’s names.

POSSESSIVE AND ABSOLUTE

PRONOUNS

I – my – mine

he – his – his she – her – hers

it – its you – your – yours

we – our – ours they – their – theirs

NOTEPossessive pronouns (my,

your, his) go in front of nouns,

absolute forms (mine, hers, ours)

stand on their own

 Peter is my brother

 Is it your dog? No, it’s hers.

Ex 4.Who is who? Look at the picture and ask questions.

MODEL: Is Bob Sally’s husband?

And this (18)… (19)… father Albert and Jenny, (20)… second wife She (21)… (22)… step-mother (23)… mother died when we were still at school Oh, at the head ofthe table (24)… (25)… grandmother Emily

Ex 6.Choose the correct form of the pronouns in italics.

1 It may be your/yours cat I am sure it is the cat of your/yours 2 I’ve never seen the aunt of her/hers How can I recognise her/hers? 3 My grandfather’s family history is more interesting than my/mine 4 I’m afraid our daughter will take her/hers advice not our/ours 5 Will you help

me find my/mine things? I can’t tell which are my/mine and which are your/yours 6 She looked

at him and at once understood he was her/hers It was love at first sight 7 My/mine sister likes much sugar in her/hers tea, but I like little in my/mine.

Ex 5.Fill in the gaps with am/is/are/my/his/her/our.

This is our family, the Millers

Hello, I (1)… Sally Brown I (2)… David Miller’s

sister We (3)… really a large family! This (4)…

Sally David

Timothy

Bob Sarah

Vanessa Edward

Emily Albert Jenny

Questions with who, what, where,

when, why, how, etc.

 Who is he?

 How old is he?

 What are you?

 Where are the children?

she asks a lot of questions about her Write down her questions (read the answers to the questions first).

Ex 7.Translate the sentences.

школе

My daughter asked me to give her my mobile phone, she had left hers at school.

SINGULAR PLURAL this these

friends Peter and Mike.

 Who is that man over there?

 In those days people didn’t

have cars.

1 (how old?) How old is Jenny? She is 48

2 (a widow or divorced?) She is divorced

Ex 9. Match the phrasal verbs below to their meaning and translate the verbs into Russian.

distinguish between  grow up  mix up  bring up look on smb/smth as  act up  take for

spaces.

1 That child always when his father is away 2 I’m always the twins ! 3 What do you want to be when you ? 4 I’ve got a

four-year-old son to on my own 5 I’ve lived in London for 7 years, but I

in Newcastle 6 I can’t the two brothers – they both look the same to me 7 If she prefers to work rather than stay at home and her children, she is free to do so 8 I’ve lived with my aunt since I was a baby, and I her as my mother 9 They were twins, as like as two peas, and very often one brother was the other Ex 11. Translate the sentences using the phrasal verbs given above. 1 Никто, кроме моей матери, не мог различить братьев-близнецов

2 Приёмная мать воспитывала детей как своих собственных

3 Дети считали её своей матерью

4 Эти сёстры так похожи, что я вечно их путаю; Катю принимаю за Машу

5 Когда дети вырастут, они уедут учиться в университет

6 Когда учителя нет в классе, дети обычно ведут себя плохо

SOME USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS 1 Become an adult

2 Think of smb/smth in a particular way

3 Act or behave badly

4 Recognise a difference between

5 Confuse

6 Suppose smb to be, especially by mistake

7 Care for and rear, train and give education

THERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS

TO TALK ABOUT ONE’S AGE

Sam is eight months.

He is a baby.

Sally is eighteen months

She is a toddler.

Oliver is six.

He is still a child.

Pamela is sixteen.

She is a teenager.

Robert is nineteen.

He is an adult (old enough

to vote) Maud is twenty-two.

She is in her early twenties.

How old is Jenny?

– I don’t know exactly She is

in her thirties.

Ted is thirty six.

He is in his mid-thirties.

My mother is forty-eight

She is in her late forties She

is middle-aged.

My father is sixty-five.

He is retired.

Our grandfather is seventy-five

He has turned seventy.

be of the same age

– быть одного возраста

They are both 24, they are

of the same age.

(not) look one’s age

I can’t believe she is 60, she

doesn’t look her age.

be five years older/younger than

– на пять лет старше/младше

My brother is five years

younger than me.

outlive smb by ten years

– пережить кого-либо на 10 лет

He outlived his wife by ten

years.

Ex 12.Meet the Maisons Complete the family tree and

present all the members of the family to the class When

speaking about the people’s age avoid giving the exact

figures.

Brain (71) Emily (62)

Clare (31)

Andrew (38)

Eric (29)

Alice (21)

Thomas (9 months)

Mary (4)

Linda (6)

husband father grandfather father-in-law Grandfather Brain is the head of the family He turned 70 last year He is 71 Emily, Brain’s wife,

having close relationships



having much love and support  fighting with brothers and sisters

doing things together

the generation gap leading to misunderstanding

helping out around the house

MEMORY BOX

Ex 13 Read the statements above and say what in your

opinion the advantages (A) and disadvantages (D) of

having a large family are Give your reasons using the

prompts below

PROMPTS

( + ) ( – )

warm atmosphere want to get more independence get along well have different views on be one’s best friends argue about/have disputes share personal problems compete for parents’ attention have much in common leave smb alone MODEL: Having a large family is an advantage because your family are your best friends.

The Present Simple Tense denotes a permanent or repeated, customary action The Present Simple is used with the following adverbials of time: usually, always, every day, in the morning, at night, on Mondays  The children are always polite  They often/sometimes/usually help their mother with the housework.  They live in France  My mother doesn’t go out to work, she runs the house ASKING QUESTIONS If the main verb is in the Present Simple, we use the auxiliary verb do or does (see the table above) at the beginning of a sentence, before the subject (the main verb is in the base form)  Does your wife work? No, she doesn’t.  Do you feel close to your family? Yes, I do. NOTEwhen the main verb is do, you still have to add do/does before the subject  Do the children do the home-work themselves?  Does your husband do the shop-ping? COMING FROM A LARGE FAMILY share problems – разделять проблемы have much in common – иметь много общего have privacy/personal space – иметь возможность уединиться baby-sit – присматривать за маленькими детьми

generation gap – разрыв поколений

argue/fight/have disputes – спорить/ссориться/ругаться

leave smb alone – оставить кого-либо в покое

have siblings (formal) – иметь родных братьев и/или сестёр

1

Ex 14. Complete Rosemary’s entry into her diary Say what she lacks in her family Make negative sentences using the prompts below.

Dear diary,

I feel very low tonight I’m the only child in the family, I’m the centre of attention I have my own room and I have a lot

of privacy And though I

don’t have to fight

with my brothers and sisters for parents’ attention, I’m not happy

Have brothers or sisters (1)

Ex 15.Form questions using the given words Try to give true answers to the questions.

1 in your family / you/ get / much love and support ?

Dear diary,

Ex 17 Write the correct phrasal verb from the box below to complete the following definitions. patch up  keep up  back up  get along Ex 16.Imagine you also share your thoughts with your diary Write about your family. SOME USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS 1 When someone supports or encourages another person, he is said to him

2 When we settle a quarrel, we are said to have it

3 If you are friendly or on good terms with somebody, you well with him

4 Very often people try to continue to live the way they are used to, they the tradition

Ex 18.Match the sentences and phrases on the left with those on the right.

1 We try to keep up a backs her up when she is in trouble

2 Her family always b very well with my brothers and sisters

3 I get along c but very soon patch up our disagreement

4 We often quarrel d our family’s reputation for hospitality

1

2

3 4

.

4 Им далеко за пятьдесят, но они часто ссорятся, потом им очень трудно помириться

BREAKING OFF A RELATIONSHIP

have rows/ arguments  split /separate  get divorced/divorce smb/file for a divorce

ссориться расстаться развестись/подавать на развод

Ex 20.Match the phrasal verbs below to their meaning and translate them into Russian

flirt with  break up  go out with  care for  marry off  settle down

SOME USEFUL PHRASAL VERBS

1 Separate from each other

2 Be fond of

3 Behave as though one were in love

but without serious intentions

4 Be seen frequently in the company of

a person, usually of the opposite sex

5 Find a husband or a wife for one’s son

or daughter

6 Start living in a quiet way

Ex 21 Write the correct form of the appropriate phrasal verb in the space.

1 She every man she meets 2 My girlfriend and I have been together for 18 months now 3 John and Mary a month ago 4 I don’t him enough to marry him 5 They have finally their daughter

6 Isn’t it time you got married and ?

1 2 3 4 5 6

Ex 22.Back to the Millers Find the logical endings for

each of the sentence beginnings 1–6 and construct

Albert Miller’s family history.

1 We were still at school

2 Our father had widowed for four years

3 Jenny wasn’t married either,

4 But she didn’t live quite alone,

5 Our father and Jenny fell in love

6 Jenny was very nice to us,

a and got married within six months

b she made a wonderful stepmother

c when our mother died in a car accident

d when he met Jenny

e she had a daughter

f she was divorced

THE VERB “TO BE”

IN THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

POSITIVE FORM

I/he/she/it was we/you/they were

Were we/you they?

 Diana was the daughter of the

eighth Earl Spencer.

 Was she beautiful?

 She wasn’t arrogant, she was

nice and kind.

THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

 Regular verb + -ed

Did I/he work/write?

 They got married before the

war.

 Why did they separate?

 They didn’t separate, he just

went to work abroad.

The Past Simple denotes an action

performed in the past It is used with the following adverbials of time:

yesterday, last week, two years ago,

in 1994, when I was a child, etc These adverbials go either at the beginning or at the end of a sentence

 He met Mary three years ago.

 Last year they got married.

Ex 23. Read David Miller’s family history Fill in the

verbs in the required tense from the box below.

meet  go out  call  go  get married  live

graduate  have  break up  be

get divorced  have  be divorced

My brother David (1)… to university at the age of

eighteen where he (2)… Ann He (3)… with

her She (4)… his girlfriend for three years When

David (5)… from university they (6)…

A year later they (7)… their child, a boy They (8)…

him Timothy But later they (9)… lots of

rows, they (10)… and (11)… So, my

brother David (12)… now He (13)… with

his son Timothy

Ex 24.You are going to read a text about Prince William’s engagement Complete the text by choosing the best phrase A–I to fill the gaps 1–9 Listen to the text and check your answers.

Prince William and Kate Middleton Set Date and Venue for Wedding

A that we’re going to spend the rest of our lives together.”

B worn by William’s mother, the late Princess Diana.

C wedding of Diana and Prince Charles, held at St Paul’s

Cathedral

D “I also didn’t realise it was a race,

E her father, King George VI, got married there in 1923.

F St Catherine’s Day on the Anglican calendar of saints

G the two were on vacation in Kenya last month,

H “It was a total shock when it came!”

I on Friday April 29, at Westminster Abbey in London

“The Prince of Wales is delighted to announce the engagement of Prince William to Miss CatherineMiddleton,” the statement from Clarence House early Tuesday read

Prince William, 28, asked Middleton, also 28, to marry him while (1) the statement said Thehappy couple appeared for the first time after the announcement today arm-in-arm before abarrage of camera flashes, Middleton wearing the famous engagement ring (2) 

In an interview with Britain’s ITV News today, Middleton said the proposal came as a surprise “Wewere out there with friends, so I really didn't expect it at all,” Middleton said (3) 

The two met nearly a decade ago while students at the University of St Andrews in Scotland Whenasked why it took so long to propose, a beaming William quipped, (4) otherwise I probablywould’ve been a lot quicker.”

“Well as you may recognise now, it’s my mother’s engagement ring and it’s very special to me,

as Kate is very special to me now as well It was only right the two were put together,” William said

“It was my way of making sure mother didn’t miss out on today and the fact (5)  “No one is trying

to fill my mother’s shoes What she did was fantastic It’s about making your own future and yourown destiny, and Kate will do a very good job of that.”

Britain’s Prince William will marry Kate Middleton (6) , the royal family said

Westminster Abbey has been the site of many royal weddings Queen Elizabeth II married PrincePhilip there in 1947, and (7) 

The choice of Westminster Abbey may indicate that William and Middleton are trying to avoidcomparisons to the 1981 (8)  It’s speculated that the couple chose April 29 because it coincideswith (9)  The wedding day will be a national holiday

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Ex 25.Read the dialogue and make a short story in indirect speech The beginning is given for you.

– Now Mr Arbuthnot, what’s love?

– Love is blind

– Good What does love do?

– Love makes the world go round

– Whom does a young man fall in love with?

– With the Only Girl in the World

– When do they fall in love?

– At first sight

– They are then said to be?

– Victims of Cupid’s darts

– Whispers sweet nothings in her ear

– When the Only Man falls in love, madly,

with the Only Girl, what does he do?

– He walks on air

– What happens after that?

– They get married

– What is a marriage?

– Marriage is a lottery

– Marriages are made in heaven

– What does the bride do at the wedding?

– What does the groom do?

– He forgets the rings

(abridged from “The Cliché Expert Testifies on Love”

by Frank Sullivan)

He saw the Only Girl in the World and fell madly in love at first sight

I love You

MEMORY BOX

1.3 The Wedding

Helena began to wear an engagement ring She was constantly talking about the wedding She was very busy: wedding invitations were sent out, the reception was organised, the dress for the bride was bought in London, the dresses for the bride’s maids were chosen The bridegroom’s brother was to be the best man.

The night before the wedding all the groom’s friends joined him at the pub to cheer him up on his

last evening as a bachelor.

The wedding was set for two o’clock at the Church The guests began to appear Two o’clock

struck and the organ began playing There was some excitement by the church door: the bridehad arrived She looked very beautiful in her long white dress Everybody stood up

When the newlyweds were leaving the church, the bells began ringing There were cheers and shouts and a storm of confetti After the reception the newlyweds were going on a honeymoon.

Ex 26.Find in the text the words or phrases (given in italics) for the following definitions:

1 an unmarried man a bachelor

2 an agreement to marry

3 a marriage ceremony

4 a woman on her wedding day

5 a man on his wedding day

6 bridegroom’s friend, supporting him at his wedding

7 a newly married couple

8 a holiday taken by a newly married couple

9 a large wedding party

bride’s maids

newlyweds

the best mangroom’s friends

Dear Helena!

It seems only yesterday that you told me that you were engaged and now you are married! I haven’t met Philip, but from your letters I know that both of you will be happy.

I am so sorry that I can’t be with you on that special day, please know that I am with you in spirit.

Congratulations to Philip and my best wishes to the two of you for a marriage filled with all the good things in life.

Tenderly yours, Jane

I Tick the statements that are true.

 1 Helena’s friend is her colleague

 2 Jane lives in another country

 3 Helena writes Jane about her marriage

 4 She met Philip on a holiday trip

 5 Helena tells Jane about her husband’s family

 6 Helena went alone because she had failed her exam

 7 Helena went on holiday with her family

 8 Philip was their tour guide

II Add a word or a phrase to complete the text.

Helena (1) to her friend Jane Jane wants to know how Helena (2) Helena writes it was (3) She went on her holiday trip alonebecause she (4) her exam Philip was also (5) because

he (6) his girlfriend They went round the sights together because they were(7) alone They spent a lot of time together and found they (8) So, they are going to (9) soon

Helena’s best friend Jane from Australia sends her best wishes to Helena’s wedding.

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Ex 27.Read the thank-you letter Jane’s friend Michael also read it He wanted to ask some questions Look at the answers and write the questions.

Dear Jane!

It’s a pity you couldn’t come to the wedding We quite

understand though, Australia is so far away

Philip and I just can’t thank you enough for sending us that

Japanese video camera as a wedding gift You must have paid a

fortune for it

I am sending you the first video we shot on your camera

outside the church after the ceremony

It was a big wedding, a great family reunion: even the people

we are distantly related to managed to come As you don’t know

some of them, I’m writing who is who

Thanks again for your wonderful gift

Love

Yours, Helena and Philip

(not go?) Why didn’t you go to the wedding? I couldn’t afford the ticket It’s so expensive.(the camera?) Helena is keen on taking pictures It’s the

very thing she needs

(expensive?) Not really I bought it on sale

(like the video?) It is great Now I can watch the wedding as

if I had been there

(know the people?) Some of them Not everybody

ASKING QUESTIONS IN THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

If the main verb is in the Past Simple, we use the auxiliary verb did at the beginning of the question,

before the subject After the subject we use the base form

We went to the party last night  Did you go to the party last night?

When you want to get more information, you ask a “wh”-question, which begins with: who, what, which,

where, when, why, how, etc The “wh”-word comes in front of the auxiliary word.

QUESTION WORD ORDER

Wh-word Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Other sentence parts

When did he graduate from university?

Why did they break up?

This is my aunt on

my mother’s side She is a great pianist, I wish I took after her.

Here are my father and half-brothers You know my father

had two sons by his first marriage Don’t they look very

much like my father?

This is my

grand-mother Helena I was

called after her.

These are my mother and father-in-law They are very nice I hope they have brought up a good son

Ex 28.There is a good tradition to send presents well

before the wedding day People were not sure what to buy

because they didn’t know what Helena had already got.

They consulted Helena’s mother Find out the information

using the words and phrases below Student A asks

questions, student B answers them

MODEL: How about an electric ironing machine? Has

she got an ironing machine?

– A great idea She hates ironing.

THE VERB “TO HAVE”

IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

 She has got a son.

 Has she got a daughter ?

 They haven’t got a house, they

rent a flat.

NOTE Do you have ? and I don’t have… are common especially in

American English

 They don’t have any children.

(= They haven’t got any children.)

 It’s a nice house but it doesn’t

have a garden (= It hasn’t got

a garden.)

 Does Ann have a car? (= Has

Ann got a car?)

 How much money do you have?

(= How much money have you got?)

Ex 29.Match the headings A–D to the extracts 1–3 There is one extra heading which you don’t need to use.

A Living on His Own C A Marriage for Convenience.

B A Happy Marriage D Extremes Do Meet.

 1 His wife had been unpleasant woman, but with her family's oil trust he’d managed to

live peacefully with her The marriage was stable, not exactly warm, but with three kids

in college they had reason to be proud They had weathered some rough times and weredetermined to grow old together She had money He had the status Together theyraised a family

 2 She was a radical feminist lawyer in Oakland She had been married to Finn for 30

years – married but not always living together He’d lived with other women, she'd livedwith other men Both came and went They moved in and out, slept around and partedwith great enthusiasm For six-year stretch they lived together in chaotic monogamyand produced two children neither of whom had amounted to much Now they were justtired “I’ve decided to get a divorce”, she said

 3 He was single, a widower, with a little townhouse in Georgetown that he was very fond

of He lived quietly, occasionally stepping into the social scene that had attracted himand his late wife in the early years

(from “The Brethren” by John Grisham)

Ex 30.Make up questions to which the following sentences could be the answers.

1 No, he is a bachelor He is not the marrying sort

2 No, he isn’t He is my stepbrother

3 Yes, they are I can’t tell one brother from the other

4 No, she is my stepmother, that’s why she looks so young

5 No, they don’t They are going to adopt a child

6 No, she is my grandmother

CLOSE AND DISTANT RELATIVES

be related to smb – быть в родственных отношениях с кем-либо

be distantly related to smb – быть дальними родственниками

on one’s mother’s/father’s side – со стороны матери/отца

have children by one’s former marriage – иметь детей от предыдущего брака

Ex 31.Choose a word or words from the box which best complete the sentences

1 Are you to Mr Fox? Yes, he is my brother-in-law

2 Your brother has an unusual name, hasn’t he? Yes, he was

after his great grandfather

3 Is his family small or large? – He is , actually

4 People often confuse them, they very much

5 He is my wife’s second cousin, we are

6 The child is very talented, he his father

7 I had two children and my second wife

them as her own

8 The daughter and the mother look very much alike, the daughter Is

just her mother

9 They didn’t have a child of their own, they decided to

10 Polly is my aunt

Ex 32.Fill in prepositions where necessary.

1 I am distantly related her 2 He is not 20 yet He is still his teens 3 I was born the 5th May, 1998 4 They have brought three children 5 DidMrs White divorce her husband? 6 They say she took her mother 7 He has ason his first marriage 8 The girls look so much alike 9 We are distantly related my father’s side 10 Thank you for the compliment I’m my late 50s 11 Theycalled their son his great grandfather

Ex 33.Translate the sentences from Russian into English

5 Нашей внучке 16, она ещё подросток

look … alike

by my first marriagerelated

a copy ofcalled after

on my mother’s side

singledistantly relatedtook afteradopt a childbrought … up

 – Any relation to Dr Breed, the director of the Laboratory?

 – The fourth generation in this location

 – And you are a Breed?

 – It’s a small world, I would say

 – His brother My name is Marvin Breed

2

 – That’s right

 – Has a wedding date been set?

 – So you’re engaged to Linda?

 – Something over five months

 – How long have you been engaged?

3

 – Why do you say “will be”? He actually is and we’ve already got the first quarrel as close relations

 – I hear your sister Helen and Harry have got married lately

 – Now Harry will be your brother-in-law, won’t he?

 – Oh, yes They registered the other day and became husband and wife

Ex 35.Act as an interpreter: translate the Russian sentences into English.

1 A: And here is a picture of my family This is my husband, Franz.

В: And one dog!

А: (7)Да, кстати, (by the way) у нас ещё три кошки

В: Oh!

2 A: (1)Лена, познакомься с моими бабушками и дедушками, тётями и дядями, племян-ницами и племянниками

В: (2)Рада с вами познакомиться Какая у вас большая семья!

А: This is only the immediate family Will you sit next to the oldest member of the family – my

great-grandfather (прадедушка)?

B: (3)С большим удовольствием Как поживаете, мистер Браун? If Helen hadn’t given away your age, I would have neverguessed, that you’re her great-grandfater (4)Вы совсем не выглядите как прадедушка (насвой возраст)

A: Yes, we are a long lived family (5) Только наша дорогая прабабушка умерла молодой.Прадедушка пережил её на 30 лет

В: (6)Значит ты правнучка Ты так похожа на своего прадедушку Просто копия, of course, taking thedifference in age into consideration

A: (7)Я правда (really) так похожа на прадедушку? I’m flattered

B: (8)Да, это так Тебе повезло (be lucky), у тебя такая большая и милая семья!

Ex 36.Compose a dialogue using the key words for the situation.

Two friends are looking at an old photograph:

A B

Whose family? grandmother’s family

So many people? family gathering at large

Why? the wedding

On the left? brother’s family

In the low row? their children

On the right? the in-laws

Look very happy? very nice people

MEMORY BOX

FACE FEATURES –

черты лица

delicate – тонкие, нежные fine – тонкие

soft – мягкие clear-cut – чёткие striking – поразительные plain – заурядные

coarse – грубые ugly – уродливые

cheek

chin

mouthjaw

cheekbone

eyehair

2

Ex 1.Do the crossword puzzle

1 The hair on a man’s face between the nose and the mouth

2 The eye-cover when the eyes are shut

3 The end of a human arm

4 It grows on a man’s head

5 The hair that grows on the edge of the eyelid

6 We hear sounds with it

1

2 3

4 5

7 The thin line of hair above the eyes

8 The hair on a man’s face below the mouth

9 The part of face between the nose and the ears

10 The part of face above the eyebrows

11 The part of face between the cheeks

12 The front of the head

MakeJuly 2010  UP

FACE SHAPE – форма лица

round – круглое – – –

thin – худое freckled – c веснушками wrinkled – морщинистое with a beard/a moustache – с бо-

родой/усами

FOREHEAD – лоб broad – широкий

–

CHEEKS – щёки hollow – впалые

–

rosy/pink – розовые stubby – небритые clean-shaven – чисто выбритые with dimples – с ямочками

JAW – челюсть square – квадратная

–

CHIN – подбородок massive – тяжёлый

Make-up Artist Secrets:

Reshape Your Face

Bring out your best features

and minimize your not-so-best ones

Everything about your face is

unique, including its shape Here,

I'll show you the different face

shapes and teach you how to apply

your make-up.

Round face shape exhibits the natural

beauty and energy of youth It's fairly

wide, with full cheeks and a rounded chin.

An oval face is considered by most to be

perfect because of its beautiful symmetry

A square-shaped face is the same width at

the forehead, the cheeks and the jaw.

The long-shaped face has high cheekbones,

a high, deep forehead and a strong jaw

line

3

MEMORY BOX

EYES dark – тёмные grey – серые

– – –

hazel – карие sunken – запавшие

LIPS – губы well-cut – хорошо очерченные

– – –

рarted – полуоткрытые

Ex 3.Find word partnerships Put the words in the box in the correct column.

face forehead cheeks eyes lips

broad  oval  rosyhazel  well-cut  squarelong  green  fullgrey  hollow  highthick  sunken  low

THERE ARE A NUMBER OF BEAUTIFUL

COLOURS THAT WILL ADD

TO THE DEPTH AND PERSONALITY

OF YOUR EYES!

If you are lucky enough to have green eyes,

you just have to find the perfect colours to

really set them off

WHAT EYE-SHADOW COLOUR WORKS FOR

Through this page you can learn how to make thick lips appear thin

and how to apply lip make-up for fuller lips.

Ex 4.Complete the sentences Use the words given in CAPITALS at the end of each line to form

a word which fits the space in the same line.

1 She is a red-head and as all red-heads she has

cheeks and nose 2 Molly turned seventy last year, but she is still

a good-looking woman though with age 3 Jack

hasn’t shaved for three days, he has cheeks and chin,

he says it’s the latest fashion 4 Robert wears a beard, he wants

to look more manly, he hates his chin 5 Women

with cheekbones and full lips are often considered

beautiful and exotic 6 Her friends thought she looked like

a child with her full cheeks and chin 7 Her full

lips made her look very sexy

Ex 5.Give English equivalents to the following:

POINTHIGHLY

ROUNDPART

Some Useful Phrases

At the hairdresser’s

– How would

you like to have

your hair cut?

– I’m so tired of

my long straight hair,

I need a big change

HAIR ! S

YOUR HOW-T

A WORLD-CLASS HAIR & BEAUTY MAGAZINE

1 LONG STRAIGHT HAIR WORN LOOSE

4 A PONYTAIL

7 CLOSELY CROPPED

6 A PARTING IN THE MIDDLE

5 A KNOT AT THE BACK

MEMORY BOX

GENERAL APPRAISAL.

HAIR mop of hair – копна волос thick – густые волосы thin – тонкие волосы partly bald – лысеющий bald – лысый

HAIR COLOUR

цвет волос

fair hair dark hair

cветлые волосы тёмные волосы

blond(e) light brown dark brown black

golden chestnut brunette

с пробором посредине/сбоку

in a knot at the back – собранными

в узел сзади

in a ponytail – собранными в хвост сlosely cropped – стрижка «ёжик»

wear a beard/a moustache – носить бороду усы

Ex 6.Describe the photos you see in the Hair’s How Magazine above.

1 Alexandra has long straight fair hair She wears it loose.

Ex 7.Answer the questions using the model.

MODEL: You have a new hairstyle, don’t you? (brush

back)

I was at the barber shop yesterday I just had

my hair brushed back without parting.

1 I can’t recognise you today – Oh! It’s my beard, I

guess – Do you trim your beard yourself? (at the

barber’s)

2 You look quite a different person Have you dyed your

hair? (at the hairdresser’s)

3 You have beautiful hands Do you do your nails

yourself? (at the beauty parlour)

4 With these downwards falling curls your daughter

looks like a cupid Is it a natural wave? (to curl)

5 You don’t look your old self, son What have you

done to your hair? (wash/at the barber’s // your

The construction is used to say that

we arranged for someone else to do something for us

It means «заказать, нанять, гласить кого-либо сделать что- либо»

при-have + object + Past Participle

The verb to have in this construction

can be used in different tense forms: the Simple, Continuous, Perfect.

 How often do you have your

hair styled?

 I had my hair done last week

but I didn’t like the style.

 Hello, Mag – Sorry, I can’t

talk I’m having my hair dyed

at the moment.

 You look like a boy, Nell You

have had your hair cut too

short, I think.

Grammar

Some Useful Phrases

At the barbers’s

– I just want a trim

on the sides, a shampoo

and a fast blow dry

– What kind ofhaircut are youthinking of?

THE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

COMMON, COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS:

We use the comparative when comparing one person or thing with another.

We use the superlative when comparing one person or thing with more than one.

ADJECTIVES COMMON COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

One-syllable and some + -er the + -est

two-syllable words ending big bigger the biggest

in -y, -er, -ow, -le nice nicer the nicest

pretty prettier the prettiest

Two or more syllable more/less + the most/least + words beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

common more common the most common

Irregular forms good better the best

bad worse the worst

old older the oldest elder the eldest

THAN me / him / her / them / us You are taller than me (I am).

Чем I think this player is quicker than him (he is).

Ex 8.Make comparisons as in the example.

1 Helen is cheerful (Jane // ever met)

Jane is more cheerful than Helen

She is the most cheerful person I’ve ever met.

2 John is clever (James // in our class)

attractive – привлекательный good-looking – интересный pretty – хорошенькая charming – очаровательный lovely – восхитительный beautiful – красивая handsome – красивый unattractive – непривлека-

тельный

common/plain – заурядный ugly – уродливый

6