Xây dựng quy trình công nghệ biến tính 03 lọai gỗ cao su hông điều sử dụng trong xây dựng và đồ mộc

c6 nhiing hu'dc dist pha vd cong nghe nhu'hidn tinh cai thien chdt thi loci gci nay mdi c6 thd dap Ting du'Oc mvc tieu cung cap nguyen lieu phvc vu ding nghiep chd bidn, sin xudt sin pha

TRUING DAI HOC NONG LAM TP.HO CHI MINH

to

ICE TAI NGHIEN CU'U KHOA HOC' VA PHA7' TRIEN GONG NGHE

Ten dg tai

3 L061 GO (COO SU, HONG, DIEU) Set DOG TRONG

XAY D(iNG VF SON XUIIT Do MO(

Ch6 nhi( -n de tai: 'I'S HOA NG THI THANH HUViNG

'UP HO CHI MINH 5 - 2006

DANH SACH CAC THANH VIEN THAM GIA THU'C HIEN DE TAI

1 TS HOANG THI THANH HU'O'NG

(Chii nhiOn de tai)

2 PGS-TS HIYA THI HU AN

3 TH.S TANG Tiff KIM HONG

4 KS NGUYAN Tiff TOING VY

MUC LUC

Trang Danh sach cac thanh vien tham gia thifc hien de tai

ma DAu

cau'ciNG TONG QUAN

1.1 Tdng quan tinh hinh nghien cat thuOc Tinh vt/c ctia de tai 3

1.1.4 Ddc diem, au tao, tinh chdt cd ly va hod hoc g6 Cao su, Hong, Dieu 6

1.4 Phu'o'ng phap nghien cab, each tiep can van de, k9 thuqt su' dung 17

CA() SU, DIEU, HONG

2.1.2 PI-arcing phap XfiC ditch cac chi tieu tinh chfit vat 151 20

2.2 Ke't qui xac dinh tinh chat co' 19 go Cao su, Hong, Dieu 27

CHIAING III: KET QUA NGHIEN CL!U CONG NGH12.: BIEN TENH GO

CAO SU, HONG, DIEU BANG PHUONG PHAP NHI"E'T -

3.1.4 Cac yen to anh lindng d6n chdt hong g6 bi6n tinh bang phucmg phap

3.3 Nghien cub Ong ng4 bien tinh go Di6u bang phu'cing phi!) nhi0 — c1 44

CHIANG IV: KET QUA NGHIEN CCU CONG NGHT BITN TINH GO

BANG PHCONG PHAP HOA — CO - NHIET

4.1.3 Cac ye-u to anh lidang den chat lacing g6 bien tinh bang phucmg phap

4.2 Nghien cal cong nghe bien tinh go Cao su bang phu'orng ph5p

4.3 Nghien cal thi nghiem cong ng4 bien tinh go Di6u bang phu'orng phap

CHCONG V: KET QUA NGHIEN CCU CONG NGHE BIEN TINH HOA

HQC BANG CHAT DMDHEU TREN GO CA() SU VA DIEU

5.1 Cor sO' Ij, thuygt ye bien tinh go bang phu'orng phap hoa hoc 72

5.1.3 Dac tinh cda g6 bien tint] theo plurong phap luia hoc 76 5.1.4 Cac thong s6 cong nghe ant) Wang den hien qua bien tinh g6 theo

5.3.1 Tinh chdt vat 1j, ctia g6 cao su va g6 Ditht sau khi bi6n tinh 88

5.3.2 Tinh chdt co hoc cua g6 Cao su va g6 Dieu sau khi bien tinh 108

CHIANG VI: KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

PHI; LI)C

DANH MIN CAC BANG

Bing 2.2: K6t qui xac Binh tinh chat cd 19 go Cao su, Hang, Dieu 29

Bing 3.2: S6 lu'cing, kich thatc matt g6 ti6n hanh nen ep g6 HOng 35 Bing 3.3: Cdc yeit to bi6n dOng va mien bi6n dOng thi nghiem g6 Hong 38 Bing 3.4: Ma trait ma hoa va ke't qui thi nghiem bie'n tiuh g8 Hong 39

Bing 3.7: S6 lu'ong kich thtidc matt dui' chi tieu bi6n tinh g6 Didu 45 Bing 3.8: S6 Wong, kich thu'dc matt g6 ti6n hanh nen ep go Dieu 45 Bing 3.9: Cac ye-tt to bi6n Ong va mien bi6n dung till nghiem 46 Bing 3.10: Ma tract ma hoa va k6t qua thi nghiem bie'n tinh g6 Dieu 47

Bang 3.12: Ke't qua kiem tra cac tinh chat cdc matt di' nghiem 52 Bing 3.13: Bing so sank tinh chat co 19 g6 Didu bi6n tinh %/a khong bieb tinh 52 Bing 4.1: S6 lu'ong kid) thu'dc matt this chi tieu khong bie'n anti g6 Cao su 56 Bing 4.2: S6 kong kith thu'dc matt thit chi tieu bi6n tinh g6 Cao su 56 Bing 4.3: Cac yeu to tdc dOng va mien bi6n doting thi nghiem g6 Cao su 58

Bing 4.5: Ma trait ma hoa va k6t qua till nghiem bi6n tinh g6 Dieu phu'ong phap

Bang 5.3-B: DO am thang bang (%) ctia g6 cao su bi6n tinh bang boa chat NDS va

Bing 5.4: D6 am thang bang (%) ctia g6 Dieu bi6n tinh bang Ma chit NDS va chit

Bing 5.5-A: DO taking nä (%) cua g6 Cao su bi6n tinh bang boa chit NDS va chit

Bing 5.5-B: D6 tracing nä (%) ctia g6 Cao su bi6n tinh bang hOa chit NDS va chit

Bing 5.6: D6 tradng nd kich thadc ctia g6 Dieu theo Intong tiep tuy6n (St)(%) va

Bing 5.7-A: He s6 hien qui on dinh kich thtrdc ASE (%) cua g6 Cao su xti ly hang

Bing 5.7-B: He s6 hien qui on dinh kich thtrdc ASE (%) ciia g6 Cao sit xti ly vdi

Bing 5.8: Hien qui on dinh kich thtrdc theo chi6u ti6p tuy6n va chieu xuyen tarn

Bing 5.9: Dien bien tier d6 hilt am (%) ctia g6 bien tinh bang Ma chit NDS va

Bing 5.10: Dien bien ti6n d6 hilt am (%) ctia g6 bi6n tint) bang hOa chit NDS va

Bing 5.11: Dien bien ti6r do‘ hilt ;I'm khi tigam 'lack (%) 106 Bing 5.12: '(lug suit 116n tinh theo chi6ti ti6p tuye-ti ctia g6 cao su bien tinh bang

Bing 5.13: Ong suit u6n tinh (kG/cm2) theo chi6u ti6p tuyen ctia g6 bien tinh vdi

Bing 5.15: Lirc tack (kG/cm) ctia g6 bi6n tinh bang boa chit NDS va chit xnc tic

axit citric

Bing 5.16: Ltrc rich (kG/cm) cua go bien tinh vdi boa chit NDS va chit xtic tic

DANH MVC CAC HINH VA DO THI

Hinh 1.4: Cdc clang hien doi cdu tnic trong go khi c6 tac nhan xt1 ly 11 Hinh 2.1: Mau thi nghiem xac dinh khol luring the tich 21

Hinh 2.3: Mau till nghiem xac dinh dug suit nen ngang cnc bo 23 Hinh 2.4: Mau thi nghiem xac dinh tTng suit tioen tinh 24

Hinh 3.1: Nguyen ly cluing caa cac phudng pita') nen g6 31 Hinh 3.2: M6 hinh nghien cult Ong nghe bien tinh g6 HOng 36

Hinh 3.4: MO hinh nghien ctlu ding ligh4 bien tint] g6 Didu 46

Hinh 4.2: MO hinh nghien ctiu ding ligh4 tao g6 bieu tinh 57 Hinh 4.3: Sd de cong ngh4 sin xttdt g6 Cao su bien anti 63

Hinh 5.1: Sd do cac clang bien tinh 116a hoc ctia vach to bao dd hat ch6 sty tracing

nä va nang cao sti killing shill ctia g6 ( Rapp et al., 2000) 73 Hinh 5.2: Sd de cac clang bien tinh hoa hoc ctia vAch to bao g6 74

Hinh 5.5: Thtrdc Banme 25 — 50mm (cking dd do kich thu'dc ter 25 — 50mm) 81

Hinh 5.9: Bidu d6 d6 gni thang bang (EMC) ctia g6 Cao su a didu ki6n RH33% 89 Hinh 5.10: D6 thi bidu dien dO am thang bang EMC a RH 33 % vdi 2 loai

Hinh 5.11: ASE theo chidu ti6p tuy6n d didu kien RH33% ctia g6 Cao su 96

Hinh 5.13: ASE theo chidu ti6p tuy6n d didu kien tigam ntrc3c 1 tugn 97

Hinh 5.16: ASE theo chidu xuyen tam 8 didu kien tigam ntfdc 1 Win 98

Hinh 5.17: Bidu din ASE d RH 33% vdi chat xtic tac Axit Citric 100 Hinh 5.18: Bidu din ASE a RH 93% vdi chdt xtic tac Axit Citric 100 ffuth 5.19: Bidu di8ii ASE khi itgam nudc 1 Win vdi chdt xtic tac Axit Citric 101

Hinh 5.21: Bidu di8n ASE khi ngam nudc 1 tun vdi chdt xtic tac MgC12 102 Hinh 5.22: Bidu d6 dien bi6n ti6n d6 Mt gm xtY ly bang Ma chat NDS va chdt )(tic

Hinh 5.23: Didn bi6n ti6n d6 hilt gni xt'r lY vdi Ma chat NDS va chdt xtic tac

Hinh 5.24:Bidu din d6 htit gm vdi chdt )(tic tac Axit Citric 107

DAU

Trong nhang nam gin day, tren the gidi ty le mat rang ngay tang gia tang

(0,3% nam) Viet Nam do sy tang tniling clan so- nhanh, hart qua chitin tranh hely diet, nan du canh du at tit do, dot pha rung lam tufting ray, thien tai, hcia hoan, nhang hat

cap vd chinh sach va nhu cau vd gO tang nhanh da dan den viec khai that qua mac

tang truxing ctia rang Ct)c tru'ang Cuc Lam nghiep Viet Nam cho bie-t tY' 1e mat rang

a Viet Nam cao Op 5 lin so vdi the gidi (khoang 1,4%/nam) Tai nguyen gel rang hi can kiet, anh hu'dng rift 18n d6n mei trYang sinh thai, den hoat Ong san xtat ctia

nganh Ch'6 hien Lam san, nen kinh to dal nLric va anh hu'dng tryc tie-p den dei song hang trieu ngYai

cac ding nghiep phat tridn, mac al dung gd binh quan theo dAu ngtiai

la 0,5 m3/nam O Viet Nam chi tieu do mdi dat khoang 0,1m3 gii/nam, d/ down trong thai gian tdi nhu vd san phgm g8, lam san khac se tang nhanh tong vdi sit tang trtiang ctia non kinh to oat nude Vi vAy ding nghiep the bie'n ge) WI lam san khac ngoai g8 can phai phat trier manh de dap ang nhu cisiu do Nganh tong nghiep Che,:

hien Lam sail Viet Nam clang dang trade met thyc to" la tai nguyen rang ty nhien suy thoai ca vi: sci letting va chSt trong chtking trinh ch6 hie-n, sit Ong g8 rang trong chtra dap Ong nhu du viec nghien tyro tong nghe va set dung hieu qua

nguyen lieu cOa rang trdng chtra dAti tir thing mac

Trude thyc irking dc5, Nha nick da co nhidu giai phap tru'dc mat va !Au dai

via dap ring nhu cAu san xat, dai sting ctia dan va phat trie'n ctia dat nadc, vita hiio

ve von rang, bac) ve mei tru'eng sinh thai Met trong nhang giai phap do la day manh phat trien tong nghiep Ch6 hien gd va Lam sari ngoai gu dat hieu qua kinh te, nang cao chat Wog san phArn ge), cac lam san ngoai g8, phe lieu nang lam nghiep

Hien tai ceng nhY theo dir tinh de-11 nam 2010, ngudn nguyen lieu phut vii nhu cAu hien gci va.lam san flack to dui ye-ti tit rang trdng va nhan tao Tuy

nhien, ben canh nhang Yu diem sinh trYdng nhanh, có kha nang tai sinh tot thi met nhaoc diem Chung cua g6 rang trdng Iii mom nhc tinh chAt cd ly Chap VI vay can

c6 nhiing hu'dc dist pha vd cong nghe nhu'hidn tinh cai thien chdt thi loci gci nay mdi c6 thd dap Ting du'Oc mvc tieu cung cap nguyen lieu phvc vu ding nghiep

chd bidn, sin xudt sin pha'm dci g8 xual kha?u, ma Ong khi nang stir dung trong

nhidu linh vv'e khac nhti xay thing, trang tri not ngpai

Viec cung cap dii nguyen lieu cho nhu cau phat tridn ctia nganh Chd hidn gig va

lam sin hien nay c6 hai hiking dd giai guy& mot la phat tridn nhanh dien tich ding nguyen lieu va hai la nhanh chong nghien cd'u, Ai) dung cac tie'n bo ky thuat Lien tidn

trong linh vile bio quin, chdbidn gO nhdt la cac tidn b(5 ky thuat c6 thd lam thay dal tinh chdt cd, ly, h6a cua g8 c6 lqi cho ngirdi sit dung, nhArn sit dung cac loci go rung

trang moc nhanh, gO it c6 gia tri sit dung thay thd nguiln nguyen lieu truyen thong Hudng giai quye't thit hai da va gang dude cac nide tren the gidi quan tam rat nhidu

Bidn tinh go la qua trinh tac dOng h6a hoc, cd hoc, nhiet hoc hoac ang theci

lam thay ddi lai cdu trite cila g8 va' (hoac) thanh phan hoa hoc etia g8 ma chi] ydu tat; dOng yap nhom Hydroxyl Qua trinh se lam cho tc thanh cila gci tao nen mdi dan xen vdi nhau hoac h6a chdt xit ly lang dong trong vach to bap dd O'n dinh kich thadc,

tang Ong lite cda g8, qua do nang cap du'oc tinh chdt cd ly ctia g8

Bien tinh g8 dd cal thien do hdn ctia gci dpi co tif thap nien 30, nhulig tit 1.114 nien chin mu'Oi cho ddn nay, cac nghien echo va ding nghe sin xual ve gci hidn tinh

mdi dude phat tridn manh khi nhu cau nguyen lieu g8 ngay cang cap va dac hiet

tilt& sit quan tam Ling Liking (lc loci g8 c6 di) b6n tic nhien thdp

Bidn tinh gu c6 nhidu phdong phap nhu': Sinh hoc (tac dOng gen), k9 thuat lam sinh, cong nghe : phuking phap vat lY (cd — nhiet), h6a hoc hoac ke't hop ly hOa (h6a

— nhiet — cd) Enzym hcia, bile xa hoa hoc

Tn)ng cOng nghiET Chd hidn g8, vice nghien cdu vd ban chift vat lieu g8 Co c;

nghia hit site (pan trong, vice nghien aro ichong chi dirng lai ii dac diem sinh trdting, mo to cau tao this dal, cau tao hien vi, cac tinh chift cd hoc, vat ljt, hoa hoc,

ma dm phai nghien cite vd dinh hoeing cal thin tinh chat co Idi trong v*: sti* dong

&,8 vat) moe ditch gi la van (16 can thidt

CHO:NG I: TONG QUAN

1.1 Tang quan tinh hitnh nghien ctiu thui5c linh vitt cua de tai 1.1.1 Tinh hinh nghien ctiu ngoai ntkic

Bi6n tinh g8 dui nhien WI van g8 nhan Lao bang phu'Ong phap cO nhiet va he a nhiet

da mci ra nhOng kha nang ring dung va sift canh tranh mdi cda g8 vizi cat: vat lieu tang Op Y tilting hien tinh g8 de tai thien di5 ben cda gO da có cach day an mot the 16%, nhang mai den nhOng thi;ip nien pin day van de nay mdi duklc quan tam nghien cdu va phat tridn cho san xua't

Vao nam 1930, Ddc, Lien Xo da có nhGng nghien cdu v6 hien tinh g8 bang phactng phap nen ep tang khel luk-Ing the tich g8 sau khi da Ma ao, nham lam tang

dO hen dui nhien eua gci, skin phiim hien tinh (lat duk;ic tmng giai down nay la g8 nen lam thoi det, tay nam ding cu, nhOng chi tie't chiu mai man, 6ng Vao dau nam

1932, Lien XO nghien eau hien tinh go bang 2 phuking pilaf) ep lam tang tinh chat co 1)1 cda gti do la: ep nen vdi sit lam nong g8 trong moi traiing hdi nttdc hat) boa hoac

g8 dove tam trade va gu duk/c xit1)1 trong moi tru'iing de am cao

Vao nam 1936 met s6 nha khoa hoc (Ala Lien XO da rim ra phuking phap du'a vat) trong vat lieu g8 cat loci hua chat dukli dung Monome hoac Polime, dung dich Bakelit 5-10% Nam 1966 G.V Klard vien nghien situ g8 vimg Xiheri di)" sit dung dung dich Furfurol dm vat) g8 Lao vat Iieu g8 ce du hen ed hoc cao Vao khoiing nam 1982 da c6 nhieu nghien ctiu ve hien tinh gu, vi du nhtt phuking phap cho vao g8

dung dial U-F cO ktai hkIng phan tit thicp hang phdong phap dm co kip hic, cad Ioai nhtta tdng halp va hdp shat cda chdng, phttOng phap hi6n tinh g8 hoa co hang each hoa deo g8 hang Ure Ben canh nhitng phuking pilaf) tren thi hien tinh g8 hang phuking pilaf) bile xa- Ma hoc ding dui:tc M9, Lien XO va Trung Quo c nghien cora

vat) nhOng nam 1960, sit dung tia chieu xa gay phan ring da to d cat: den the tam vim trong gci tau nen san phicm Polime Ma gci chat Iuicing cao Nam 1984 1-lye vien tong nghiep Hua dung va nha may g8 Thtking hai nghien situ san xua't gci hien tinh iii g8

la rung Vien Khoa hoc Lam Nghiep Trung Qu6c nghien ctiu san xtia't g8 hien tinh tit

day g8 keo Wing Chat King g8 hien tinh cda mut s6 loci gj) c(i kh6i hiking the tich thifp dat (LW khol the tich (0.80 -1,40) g/cm3, gu co de cuing 1011 hon iihi6u so vat g6

tti nhien, co di) hCln cc, hoc cao chiu mai mOn

Tii thap nien chin mach cho den nay, cac nghien ccau va cong nghe vd hien tinh g8 duklc phat tridn manh khi nhu can nguyen lieu g8 ngay cang cat) va dac biet tWdc su' quan tam tIng dung cac loai g8 có du bdri nhien thdp nhlr cac loai g8 rtIng trdng m9c nhanh Nhat Ban nam 1994 da nghien eau g8 bie'n tinh theo phirdng phkip )(Ong khOi EDS (E eulogy dry system) va g8 hien tinh theo phtking phap ep nen keo nam 1995 Hien nay ei Chau Au ct5 inking lu'di lien hiep cac qudc gia chuyen nghien cdu va phat tridn guy trinh cong nghiep ve biein tinh gO Ckic phuking phap ding nghe hien tinh g6 hien có a Chau Au: G8 "Recited" theo phtrdng phap NOW (New option wood) (Ala Philp nghien edu name 1999; G8 "Plato" (g8 duklc hien tinh nhiet bang phuking phap PLATO (Providing Lasting Advanced Timber Option-Process)) ctia Ha Lan nghien cilu nam 2001

nuking phap Enzim lam thay ddi cdu true va ban chdt ctia nhang thanh phAn lignin [rung gci du'di spr hien cac hdp chdt phenolic Si.( hien ddi nay bat da'u tii cac phan 'Trig nhtSm chtic trong g6 va tu' ban than nhUng nhOm chile nay có the phan Ling vdi nhau de Lao ra met cdu [Mc phan tit mdi Uticii str tat; diing gen tit ding down tau cay gidng se lam thay d6i dude dac tinh g8 Qua hien tinh gen có the lam thay d6i den cac chi tieu dac tinh ctia g8 nhtr ham celluose, ham luring lignin, chiC.Itt dai sdi g8(Zobel N/A Jettt, 1995) Ben canh tkic dung gen thi hien phap lam sinh ciing ctS the thay ddi du'dc tinh chat g8 Bien philp lam sinh la milt [rung nhang [ac nhau

anh htrdng rift loin den tinh chdt g8 Vi vay hien tinh g(-1 theo phuking phap di truyi In

gen va hien phkip lam sinh gen có y nghia Idn dui vdi rUng trong

Nhin chung ding nghe hien tinh g8 tren the gidi cla rat phat trier va da có nhidu thanh ciing to Win [rung nghien cat', san xual ra nhidu san phicnn gA hien tinh sir dung [rung nhidu linh vire khac nhau Tuy vay nganh chi hien g8 Viet nam data th6' kip dung nhang ke't qua nghien ctiu nay vao san xual dude do nu'dc la có nguiln nguyen lieu g8 rung trdng yang nhiet ddi, thiet hi ciing nghe tiara phi) hip

1.1.2 Tinh hinh nghien min trong intik

Vdi nhang ttu diem etia g8 nha each dien, each nhiet tdt, each am till, nhiet dan

na MO, mem de: gia ding cat g9t, deo có thd nein cong, ghep hang Binh,

meng keo, có van thd matt sac dep nhuern matt, lay matt, de [rang sire be' mat bang cat; loai vat lieu tit nhien va tang hip, de phan ly hang him hoc, la nguyen lieu thien nhien de gay trong, chain soc, khai thac va che'bie'n

Ben canh de clang có nhe'ng nhddc diem cila gil nhif sinh truing cham, ditcYng

kinh (2.6 hktn co khuyet tat, d8 mile, de hien mail, de hi na'm m6c pha ha i, de chay, so yeti kim loci day la vat lieu mem, ce me dun dan thgp Trong qua trInh hung phdi, say a net cong venh, net, tit, hien hInh dang, tinh chgt cd, 1j/, Flea a hi hien thing thy theo diet' kien sinh trueng, ngay trong ding met cay icing co sit thay ddi tinh chgt Do cgu tao khong cl6ng d6u theo cac chieu nen cukThg de Al co thin theo cac phtidng doe the, xuyen tam, tiep tuyen khac nhan, hilt gm va thoat hdi nuec nhanh

Tuy g8 (xi met s6 nhirdc diem nhu'ng vii cong nghe khoa hoc hien nay co the khgc phyc nhang nhifdc diem tren bang cac hien phap nhif: sinh hoc tac Ong gen,

ky thuat lam sinh cG the gikim bet khuyet tat tit nhien, tao than thilng tang to-c de sinh trifeng Vdi ky thuat ding nghe thin, ep skin xygt van nhan tao ce the khgc phyc cac nhadc diem co &in, cifeing do khong thIng den theo cac Sgy gci hang cong nghe say hien dai lam cho gci khO nhanh, gram het cong venh, net let, hien ding lino Yuan gci hang ky thuat va flea chat co the phong tnY na'm m6c, mot, mile, tranh hien arcing hien mail, keo dai thOi gian seer dung Tgm hea chgt chdng chay lam cho g6 MI6 chay hoac cham chay Bang phddng phap wing nghe hien tinh gci thay ddi tinh chat cda gci theo yeti eau sir dung Nhan thee thick; van do de a trong nit& cling d5 hit dila nghien ceu vc ding nghe hien tinh vac) thap nien say mukii

Vao cueir nhang nam 1969, he mon ge) - van nhan tao thttec Vien Nghien city Lam nghiep vet sau do, Vien (Xing nghiep rung tien hanh thi nghiem hien tinh cac

loai.gi) yang treng (Encloepennum sinensis Bench), g8 mci (Manglictica album Raeush), 0 tram trgng (Canarium album Raeush) hang phildng pilaf) nhiet - cd va

heia - cd kit hdp

Nam 1980 hang phueng phap cd - h6a- nhiet tiic gra Nguygn Trong Nhan (Vier' Nghien ciYu Khoa hoc Lam Nghiep Viet Nam) d5 nghien ceu tao ra dukic sari phgm g(i ep lam thoi det tit gci yang Ening Nam 1999, hang phueng philp hoa-nhiet de tang arising tinh 6n dinh kith thuec van dam nghien cdu cea Trifling Dai hoc Lam Nghiep

Nam 2001 hang phueng phap 1j, nhiet hien tinh nguyen lieu trong skin xilgt van dim ciia trifling 1-)ai hoc Lam Nghiep

Vei nhCfng kit yuki ay thi mci ra hueng nghien cat' qua trInh hien tinh g8 ctia nitric

to thic biet la gci nIng tr(ing mem, co tcic dO sinh trueng nhanh, thay the cac g8 sinh trifeng cham to gcl ding tic nhien Day la diet' rat phet hdp vii chti truking chinh sach tr6 ng rising va sit dung gci rung thing ciia Nha nuec la

1.1.3 nth hinh cite hien va st' dung g8 rang trdng

(18 to nhien lA nguyen vat lieu du'cic con ngoai sit dung tY 'au dc3i va trong nhieu linh We, cho den nay nhu cau sd dung g8 ngay ding cao ca v6 so' lacing N/A chat lu'Ong G8 du'dc sit dung trong cac linh vile ding nghiep, nong nghiep, giao thOng van tai, kie'n trtic xay dyng, trang tri ndi, ngoai that, khai khoang hoc cu, nhac

cu, du thd cOng my Sd h0 thO'ng ke hien nay tren the gidi có khoang 100 nganh sir dung g8 lam nguyen vat lieu vdi Wen 22 000 ding viec khac nhau va san mat ra hdn 10 000 loai san phim

San phem d(3 g8 ctia Viet nam xua't Ithifu di 120 nu'dc tren the gidi, kim ngach xtat khan tang nhanh, ram 2000: 219 trieu USD, nam 2001: 334 trieu USD, nAm 2002: 435 trieu USD, nAm 2003: 560 trieu USD, ram 2004 tren 1 t9 USD, nam 2005: 1,5 t9 USD IV) Thadng mai xac Binh san phem d8 ga the hien IA met trong 10 mat hang xua't khan hang dau cita Viet Nam Tuy vay, ngudn nguyOn 110 san xtiet phu thut)c 70% ngthin gci nhap kheu (g8 tit nhien va g8 nhan Lao) Ngtifin g8 rung ty nhien can k*., g8 rung trong va ge) nhan tao chu'a dap dng &roc nhu cau san mat va tieu that ve chat layng va gia ca Van de: hLYc xtic hien nay ctia cac nha doanh nghiep Inc nguyen lieu (Liu vat) hen canh do là Ong nghe, thief hi N/A ngti8n nhan lyc

Gu rung ming trong nude hien tai cac xi nghiep the hien g8 sit dung chi.; yeti 11 g8 Can su Tram, Keo lai, Keo tai tactng, ThOng, Hong, Didu, Bach dAn lam cti sd khoa hoc cho viec xay dyng chc du cang nghe hyp ly, sir dung hien qua ngtuln nguyen lieu an phai khao sat k9 diic diem ceti Lao tinh chat (Ai, 19 hcia ctia tiing loaf g8

1.1.4 Dik tinh chung cue g8

1.1.4.1 MOt se &ic diem tinh chat lien (man den thin nil va dO hen cot hue

• Dijc diem cifu tau g8

08 throe cau tao tit cac to bao, khi to hat) g8 tracing that-1h, tree thanh ding hinh ring, Lao nen du Ellie xo'p trong g8, cac Ong mach tao that-1h he man dan co tinh them than nude tit' mini tracing ngoai vat) trong g8, khi do xay ra hien facing throng nd do tat: thing (Ala nude vt3i cat: du tic trong g8 MY cellulose, hemicellulose va lignin lam cho du ink va tinh chat cti hoc, vat 19, Inia hoc ciia g8 thay

Gig cO cat: thanh phan chinh IA cat: chat htiu cif (99 — 99,9%) Thanh phan hoa hoc g8 Om 4 nguyen Ed" chinh: Cachon (C), Hydro (H), Oxy (0) Nitd (N) Cae loai g8 khac nhau, a cac vi tri khac nhau tren cay c6 t9 lir thAnh phtin cac hyp chift han

Hinh 1.1: Phan tn cellulose

Nitd la 1% va mit s6 nguyen to vi lu'Ong khac

Cac thanh phan chti yeit trong g8 Om cellulose, hemicellulose va lignin

Cellulose

Theo nhidu lac gia cellulose la mOt chat hal cd eau phan thien nhien co

cong thttc (C6H1005)„ Phan ta cellulose la sti lien k6t ctia die phan to D- glucose, chaii cellulose chtia to 200 - 3000 phan monome lien k6t vdi nhau a vi tri 1 - 4 tau nen sill cd han Cau tau phan to cellulose du'qc me to nhd hinh 1.1 1■48i mgt xich ctia phan tit cellulose co ba nhOm hydroxyl (OH) to vi tri 2, 3, 6 (trong do co meet nhom bac nhat va hai nhorn bac hai)

Trong qua trinh to thanh cac clan xuat ctia cellulose, kha nang phan ang ctia cac nhOm chdc hydroxyl ling vai tics) quan trong

Qui trInh trtfolig nd ciia cellulose

Cellulose la chat cao phan to co eye, nen dung mOi gay tracing hay hoa tan cellulose ding phAi la dung mOi co cdc Thdc chat qua trinh tracing cellulose la qua trinh lac nhan gay tricking xam nhap vao, Mt pha cac lien ke't du hydro giiia• cite phan to cellulose canh nhan, khi do lam cho khoang each cac cellulose tang len, lien k6t ctia chting (lien ke't vandecvan) y6u di, cac phan ta cellulose de hi xe dich va Ira nen king 1&) tkin, ddng tMi khi lien k6t du hydro hi pha v0 se tao didu kien thdan cho cac tac dOng khac lam thay ddi cau frac (Ala phan hi' cellulose trong gj Hien Wong tracing ctia cellulose có y nghia quan trong deli vdi cong nghe hi6n tinh gd no lam cho tinh chat cd hoc vat l9 va Ma hoc ctia gii thay ddi

Qua trinh tatting cellulose trong ntttIc là tratIng hcfp din hinh hien chat quA trinh trating cellulose trong nit& du'cic mu to nha hinh 1.2

va chinh xac vi; cau tao Ma hoc cua lignin

Cifu tae, va tinh chat qt ly ciia lignin:

Lignin la milt tap hOp cac chift hdu co co so' bie'n ddng ldn ve cki Lao, thanh phkin hoa hoc, do vay phan tit lu'Ong co lignin skt hien Ong Datil Lac Ong ctia nhiet

dd cao, lignin hi mem hoa

Lignin cling co tinh chift truking va hi a tan trong nhting dung nail thich hdp nhu' dung dich kidm

Lignin la melt cao phan td grim cAc din vi phenylpropan Cac nhOrn chic ed ban trong lignin gum nhOm metoxyl (OCH3), nh6m hydroxyl (OH) CR: don phan td trong lignin lien kat vdi nhau hAng nhdng lien ke-t ete va lien ke-t - C t4() ra tnic ming phdc tkip

Lien ke't C - C rat hdri vdng dui vdi xd 19 h6a hoc va la yeu to co ha'n ngan

can at tao thanh clic don phan td lignin trong nhang xit 19 hydro he phan giiii hAng etanol

Kha nang Olin ling hoa hoc ciia lignin

Sunphit hot* lignin: Dtidi uric dung ctia hisulphit va acid sunphurd ty do if

nhiet dO 135 - 140°C chuydn Ma thanh acid licnosulphuric hoa tan lignin trong do

xay ra hai qua trinh: Du'a nhOm sulphua u'a nu'dc va su' da't mach do thug phan ctia

cac mai lien kiit nhay earn vdi acid Cd chd phan (trig ha bac phan ter lignin nhti hinh

1.3

0

- C SO i l I

OCI-13 OFI

Hinh 1.3: l'hiin Ling ha bac lignin

Philn giai do Alcol: Lignin trong g8 khong hi tan trong qua trinh phan giai

do rudu nhiet di) thifp Niaing ii nhiet de cao, met hi? ph4n Ion ctia lignin hi hoa

tan dac biet trong didu kien co dung miii thich hdp, khi d6 xay ra sit dtit mach ctia

cac phan tit lignin ht i cat: ion cda dung mai, tidp sau la phkin Ling Oxy Ma nidu xay

ra nhanh, sii 01.1t mach lam cho lignin chuydn thanh cac don phan ti'

1)0i tae dung etia acid, halogen, kidm trong didu kien nhal dinh thi lignin hi

chuydn h6a tr6 nen co thd tan dudc 00 la do c6 sif diIt mach, phan down cac phan tit

lignin

Hemicellulose

Cling nhu cellulose, hemicellulose la nhang chill polysaccharides ca-ti tao nen

vach td hao, nhung so vcij cellulose thi hemicellulose kern tin dinh Ma hoc hdn, do hi

philn giai khi nhkt dO cao

Hemicellulose Om co pentosan (C5H804 )„ va hexosan (C,,H1005)„

Pentosan co thd dung dung dich )(tit Luang (nOng dO 4 ÷ 5%) trich ly tt gfi ra

Cac acid vu cd lam cho pentosan thug phan hidn thanh &Ong then phdting

trinh:

(C5H804)„ + n H2O -> n C5H1005 (dtftsing pentose)

Hexosan gan giO'ng vdi cellulose, chei khile nhau chti yeti la a hi thug phan ilia oh du'ilng then phuong trInh:

(C61-11 005)„ + n H2O n C,,H1200 (duting hexose) Ham luccng pentosan va hexosan trong cac loai ga c6 khac nhau, d cay la r6ng lacing pentosan nhieu (19 - 23%) va hexosan (3 - 6%), a g8 la kim tg le pentosan va hexosan xa-p x2 nhau (10 - 12%) N6i chum hemicellulose de bi thug phan du'di tac dung ctia acid

Trong hemicellulose c6 mot 1.2 le kha ldn acid uronic, d6 la acid cda cat: loai daring (xi cong thttc CHO(CHOH)COOH Khi thdy phan, cac nhom carboxyl cda acid bi phan giai thanh CO,

Hemicellulose chtla cac nhOrn acetyl va metoxyl, cac nhOm nay ding bi phan giai khi thdy phan, nha vay qua trinh thdy phan hemicellulose dan tdi stir phan giai cac hcip tit cda hemicellulose tao ra cac sari phifm trong gian ctia polysaccharides, cac chat nay khOng tan trong ntiOc, lam cho kha rang but nticic va taking nd cda go gia m di

Heti thi qua di) x6p (%) Cling thdc hieu dien tinh dO x6p nhasati:

7r = (I - e!L)1 00%

P sfi

Trong d6: po — kfai lacing the tich gil khO tuyet dui (g/cm3);

— khollukIng the tich cua cac chift trong go (g/cm3), po = 1.53g/cm;

V13 vcin di% lien ket Riau vele thanh pluin trong nhdu nha khou hue cho rang:

Lien 1(4.'.:1 hoa he giGa cac thanh phCin trong go la nhting lien ket yeu GiGa cac thanh philn Lao nen ga luOn c6 lien ket vat 12 (lye vandecvan), lien ket nay rung la nhang lien ket yeti Lien ket giCTa cac sdi ga se yeti di va cac scsi g8 trd nen long ltio, di hi xc dich lAn nhau khi lien kilt du hydro giGa chting hi eh dill hoac khoang each giGa cac phan ti'i tang len do tac dOng nit° d6 CO tinh, 12 tinh ciia go se thay d6i khi lien ket hoac cifti true cac thanh phAn ga thay

Lien 1:C 1 giaa lignin va cellulose c6 y nghia quyel dinh.de-n tinh chit cd hoc, vat

1)1 clew g6 Lignin c6 vai tro nhu mot chit lien ke-t cac soi cellulose trong vach to bao

lam cho go co tinh chit cd h9e,15/ hoc rihit dinh Lien ke-t lignin va cellulose cO anh

hulling ldn den mire dQ dan na va h6t nu'Oc cua g8

Tinh chit cd hoc va hiQn tu'Ong dan nil ctia g8 phu thuQc vac) mile do lien k6t

ban chit [Oa hoc clia cac thanh phAn c6 trong gcl ma tntdc tien phai ke den vai tro

ctia nhOrn hydroxyl, chi6u dai cac phan ttY cellulose, hemi cellulose, lignin va lien

ke-t giita cac thanh phAn do

De cai thiQn tinh chit hilt ni.&Ic va dan na ctia g8, ta can co nhUng tac Ong vao

nhOm hydroxyl, de thay dcii tinh chit cc; hoc ta can tac (ging lam thay ddi dO polime,

khoing each gi&a cac phan

0 Bien a au true, tinh chat g8 durdi tac Ong ctia nhiOt dO

Hiroshi Jnno (1993), Misato Norimoto va Joseph Gril ngtkii Nhat Ban khi

nghien etfu can tnic va tinh chit ciia go difai tac citing ctia nhiQt di) va tac nhan h6a

hoc Xi aura ra mot so m& hinh tuldng lac trong g8 nhic hinh 1.4

Trong do:

A: 'Fe bao cellulose

1 - 3 : Vach cellulose khi kitting du'Ic 019

4 - 6 : Vach cellulose WO xct 19

1 - KhOng xet 19

4 - KhCing CO tac nhan trong rut to bao

2, 5 - CO tac nhan thanh vach runt trong to bao

3, 6 - CO tac nhan din day rut to bao

B: St" Wein d81 tithing tac giffa tac nhlin va cellulose trong g6

° : Nhom hydroxyl d cho lien ke-t hydro

• Sr t thay the nhom hydroxyl

• Lie nhan xer lg

a : K9 hid' u chtuii cellulose

h: Cac nham hydroxyl

c Lien kel hydro

d e : Racing xe dich cua phan tit cellulose

Sy Lac dOng co thd phan ra hai ding di)/ then ski xam nhap ctia tac nhan va tac Ong ctia no: hinh 1.4 (A) - tac diing ciia tac nhan Vat) to bao, (B) - tac Ong ctia tac nhan ddi vai vach t6 bao (giga cac phan tit cellulose cktnh nhau)

Mo hinh tree eó thi; dign giiii nhu sou:

A - 1: Te- bat) g8 khong deice xit 19, khOng c6 chat Lang trong nut to ha°

A - 2: Vach to ha() khOng dttyc xit 19 nhttng vach hen trong ceia n6 co cac chat ling (long

A - 3: Vach khOng dace xit ly nhting rti(t to bao co chift Lang din day

A - 4, 5, 6: a vach te- bao co sy xam nhap cda tac nhan xi? 19

B - 1: CAL: sdi cellulose canh nhau khi chu'a CO tac nhan xet 19 xam nhap, giga cluing co cac lien ke't can hydro, day la lien ke't ye-ti do vay giita cac sqi cellulose d8

hi day trYyt nhau thee httOng e, d khi co sit pha vg lien ke-t cau Mug Heide hoac tac nhan xet ly va khi d6 lure hap dAn giga cac cellulose c4nh nhau yeu di

MO hinh B - 1: Kha [fang hien ddi khi co xit 19 tile nhan, tity thee tac nhan ma

co thi.0 xay ra 0 cac ding khac nhau (B -2 4- B - 9)

B - 2 va 13 - 3: Lien ke't ngang xua-t hidn khi khOng co anh Wang ldn do sit dung cat: phan ter co trong liking phan tit thap, khi de) lien ke-t thttc hidn d ding ncii hai vi tri phan (Mg ceia nhang nhom hydroxyl B - 2 thyc hidn lien ke-t rt trong thai khC)

(khOng gay trudng) con B - 3 thu'c hien a diet' kien gay tru'dng, do vay khi say lai thi ca-ti trait thay ddi tra lai nhd tf trang thai khO Ca hai trang thai 13 - 2 B - 3 deli can Lai sy xe dich Ian nhau theo phttdng d va e cent sqi cellulose

B - 4: TrdOng hdp chat phAn Ong co tinh ky nu' dc

B - 5: Trudng hdp chat phan ling co tinh Ai nude

B - 6,7: The nhan co tao mot lien ket ben yang iY mut phia nhi(ng 13 - 6 cha't tac dOng a day ky, nticYc con B - 7 thi tac nhan de fait nu'dc

B •- 8: Tac than se gay hilt thole math, tao nhGng lien ket hydro rat thuan Iqi hai phia

-• 9: Tac nhan gay ky, niJ c, khong cO tudng tac vdi nhom the va nide, a day chi co sit xam nhap cua tac nhan va diTy cac sdi cellulose ra xa nhau hdn

Su' thay dcii tinh chat gg do Wc ratan xit 1S,

Khi gii dude xit 19 hoa hoc, cac Lac nhan xit 19 se co sd xam nhap vao (rung cac

to ha() 0, no se co nhiing tudng tac vdi cac du tit g8 dang nay hay clang khac lam

cho ea-It triic lien ket, tinh chat g8 co so' thay ddi Nhu' philn tren da trInh bay, ski tac dOng ctia cac tac than chit yeti vao cac lien ket du hydro ngang giGa cac catti dac hiet va chii yeti xet den lien ket hydro gitia cac phan al' cellulose

Khi co so' tac dOng ciia tac nhan xi? 19 vao cac ca-u tit 0, Oa cac ca'u tit se có so' (hay ddi nhd: Ski thay the mot so' nhom chttc, khoang each git?a cac du tit, khdi kiting phan So hien ddi ctia cac ca-u tit trong 2,8 lam cho tinh chat cd 19 ciia g8 thay dcii theo, cu the' la:

- So' hien ddi nhom chtic WI yeti nhOm hydroxyl) se lam cho tinh htit nude, tinh htit am thay ddi

- sir (hay ddi khoiing each giGa cat.: phan tit din den nOi Idc (lye hdp dm van dec van) thay ddi lam cho dO cOng vilrig, du mem deo ctia g8 thay ddi theo Sii thay ddi tinh chat gti din ra it mile dO tinh chift nao do ciia no toy thu(e vao die diem (Ala loci lac nhan sit dung (khil Wing phAn tang, kith thitdc phan tit, diet' kien xii iy, )

- str ha hae ca-ti iii (rung g8 se lam cueing (10 g8 yeti di

Phan tich cat: clang tat: (Ring xit 1_9 trinh hay a phan tren to co the nhan hiCA ddde xti hudng hien ddi tinh chal.g8, co the nhd sau:

- Xit 19 )(ay ra i4 dang B - 2: D hilt nude gia m di vi khoiing each giaa cac cenlulose khOng tang len lien ket cac hhom hydroxyl yang chic htin, giam so nhOm hydroxyl Id do (rung gti

- Xal■■ xay ra cY clang B - 3: GC) tra nen mem deo hdn, tinh hat nude giam di nhu'ng de cctng yang tha-p

- Xa ly xay rad clang B - 4: Tinh hat [-attic giam di, de tin dinh cao, ge) mem deo hdn

- Xi 1)1 )(ay rad clang B - 7: Tinh hat gm khong giam, de mem deo tang len

- 1)1 xay rad ding B - 8: Tinh hat gm tang len, de mem deo tang len

- Xir l)1 xay ra a clang B - 9: Tinh hilt gm giam, de mem deo tang len

TtY nhithg 1)1 Wan tren, to tha'y rang: Neu c6 dOng hoJc thing Mc nhcin h6a hoc nao do xi? If, ge sao cho co the Nita doi citu frac hoik dray the nhthn hydroxyl trong go thanh nhdm Ay nude, fin dinh, c6 kich Mu& ion nhthn hydroxyl thi nguyen lieu se it hat nude, it trucfng va do inbn deo cao ho'n, dau dd c6 lqi cho viec Wing cao chat lacing sun phthn

1.1.4.2 D4c diem, cdu tao, tinh chat cot If lit has hoc g8 Cao su, Hong, Di611 CAy ga Cao su: có ten khoa hoc Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg, ten thu'Ong phgm The Rubber Tree - Rubberwood, thtgie h9 ThAti crau Euphorbiareae Cao su la

met loci cay cong nghiep co gig tri, ngtkin gdc tit' Nam my du nhap vao Viet Nam call the:14 19 Cay Cao su dude trilng t Viet Nam cha yeAt cat: tinh mien Deng Nam Be va Tay Nguyen, mile dich chinh la lay nhtta, sau khi het tudi khai that nhtia, than cay Cao su dude stl dung trong ding nghiep the hien g6 Trade nhang aim 90, gt C:ao su sit dung lam chat del la chti yeiu, sau khi Chinh phu hip the va tie'n den cam khai thac rang tut nhien, cac loci g8 ding treing trong do co

go Cao su ngay cang dtt¢c sit dung [Ong rai trong nganh Che hien Hien nay khoang 60 - 70 % xi nghiep the hien g8 xual khci'Ll a cac tinh phia Nam Sing nguyen lieu chinh la g8 Cao su Cat: sari phgm tit g8 Cao su nhtt san phgm do mac nei that, van ghdp thanh, van boc, van dam.—

Than cay Cao su co 2 phgn chinh, than cay va vu cay, cO du'ang kinh tit

25 - 60 cm, chidu cao ter 15 - 20 m, than la phan chinh cung cap nhita va

cifti tao, gu Cao su co phgn ge) giac va gu lei khei phan biet, Ong atm phan hied red phan gdc Go mem, c6 mail yang trong, thd tha) ng, it xogn thd, co l8 mach kha kin (368pm), phan he phan tan, nhu me g8 Cao su phong phti, tia g8 cti ca-u tao di bat) xe.p tit 2 ÷ 3 hang to bao, sai gig thAng Gei Cao su thuksing hi na'm mo.c mot OA ha i

Cay g8 Hong: Cay Hong có ten khoa hoc la Paulownia fortunei, thigic ho

Scophulariaceae, chi Paulownia sinh tranng tit nhien Tning Quo'c, Dai loan Campuchia va Viet Nam Vao Oa the k9 19 cay Hong dude dda vao chilli Au va Bgc my, sau nay la Nam my, Uc va NewZealand Ci Viet Nam cay Hong phan

ho chti yetu ci vOng phis Bgc va clang dude clang ti Tay nguyen, mien DOng Nam

130 Wing la loci cay g8 lam than thAng, sinh trdang va phat tridn nhanh, du'Ong kinh tang truking (1,7cm/nam), chieu cao tang (1.79m/nam), the tich tang (0,02403m3/nam) G8 Hong nhe, có mau xam trang den yang nhat, g8 có giac loi khong phan hiet, thel Ming ddi thing, tho, g8 va g8 muOn phan hiet, 0 mach turfing d6i ldn, mach go xep Ong, to hdp ddn kep, day tiep tuyen, le bao nhu mo vay quanh mach kin G8 Hong dude sir dung san )(tat (16 trang tri nOi that, phan hen trong may hay va du thuyen, thu ding my nghe va nhac cu

Cay g8 Dieu: có ten khoa hoc Anacardium occidentale L, thuik hp

Anacardiaceae, la mut loci cay cong nghiep c(5 gia tri, nguem g6c to Nam My du nhap vao khu vire Bong Nam A the k9 16 Cay Dieu du'cic trong L's Viet Nam chti yeti cac tinh to Binh Tri Thien tra vao mien Dong Nam Be va Tay Nguyen, mut: dich chinh la lay hat sau khi cho qua Wang slat tha'p cay dtrdc chat ha lay

dung trong ding nghiep the hien g8 Than cay Dieu có 2 phan chinh than cay va

vó cay &Ong kinh than cay tit 25 ÷ 50 cm chieu cao LC( I() ÷ 15 m, than la phan chinh cling cap g6 t4o, gni có mau hang xam, phgn g8 giac va loi khd phan hiet, vOng nam khd shay Wang mat thWing 68 Di6u thd (bang, itxoAn thd cii mach phan bo' phan tan, sdi ge) thing, mat g8 tho mem Gil (lade sir dung san xuat do trang tri nisi thgt, thn cong my nghe va nhac cu san xtia't van nhan

Do dac didm cifti Lao, tinh chat di 1)1 faia ctia ge) shay d6i theo viing sinh twang, theo tudi, theo mua khai thae, theo vi tri trong than cay nen trong qua trinh thkre hien

de tai ph ii tien ha nh khan sat cac tinh chat cna 3 loci gu tren de lam cd sci khoa hoc

19 Wan va mall dui chang

1.2 Tinh can thigt cua (IA tai

Trung hOi canh hien nay, dien Lich rang tit nhien nddc to long hi thu hop hen canh thS dien Lich gCi rang trdng tang nhanh Ira Iddng g8 1 n da g6p philn dap ang nhu )(a hOi Hien nay va trong arcing lai nhanh the hien Lam san, g6 rising trong

la nguan nguyen lieu "chinh Ojai phi p nang cat) chat Iddng sa dung ge) ding trang

thay the es) to nhien trong tinh vac xay dung, san xua-t de) me c trang tri nOi that, nham &lin Mt Ap lac thi6u but nguyen lieu la van (16 an phi Yuan tam nghien cdu Xua't phat tct nhang nhan dinh (16, vitt nghien cdu hien tinh vat lieu gci rang tr6ng mut nhanh theo cAc hating sit dung khac nhau la van de cap thief va c6 jr nghia nhi6u mat

1.3 Muc tieu va ne;ii dung nghien eau

1.3.1 Mvc tieu nghien cdu

Xay ding qui trinh ding nghe hien tinh go bang phacing 014 nhiet — cd,

h6a - nhiet - cd va phuking phAp nhiet - h6a vcfi 3 loai loai gO nIng Wing

• Nang cao Icha nang sit dung ei rang trfing

Da clang hoa cac loai hinh san phii'm g8 rang ming bang mOt s' phu'Ong phAp Ong nghe hi6n tinh

1.3.2 Gidi had pham vi nghien cdu

CO nhi6ti phaong phap hien tinh g8 nhu'ng de pha hop vdi nguyen lieu, Ong nghe

va thie't hi nick ta, trong pham vi dt tai chun phddng phap nhiet— cd, hoa - nhiet - co

va phming phap hc5a - nhiet vdi 3 loai g8 rang tr6ng (16 la gd Cao su (Heveu brasiliensis Mull Ark) da khai that kiet nhaa, g8 Hong (Puulowniu fortunei)tii 7 - 8 RI& sinh tracing Lai Tay Nguyen — tinh Dec Lac, g8 Di6u (Anueurdium occidentale L) sinh tracing yang Binh Dating, Binh Phadc

San pH-6 dinh hating sit dung trong xay ding (van san) va sari xual hang mOc

1.3.3 N(ii dung nghien eau

• Khao sat thile trang v6 g8 ding tr6ng

KhAo sat dac diSm tinh chat vat ljt (khOi lacing the Lich, (Ian n(1), tinh chat cd hoc (6p ngang, Lan tinh xuyen tam, tie-p tuye-n du a-nig Cinh, du h6n Lila) cda 3 loai g(1 c6 tra hiking Ian m6m, nhc, de hi m6i, mut na.m mOc lam co set khoa hue cho vitt nghien cdu ding nghe hi6n tinh

• Xay dung cAc thong so- tong nghe hien tinh hang phkrong phAp nhiet - co: ch6

du luOc hoa deo g8, che'dO ep nen (nhietdO,thai gian, ap Rat)

➢ Xay dog cAc thong so ding nghe hien tinh haTig phtking phap nhiet — h6a — cc; (phasing phap ngam dm, loai hcia chat, nCng (10 dung dich, lacing h6a chat, ch6

do tam), chc dig nen ep (nhiet dpi, an suit, thin gian)

Xay dyng ciic thong so' ding nghe hien tinh hang phttang pilaf) hoa - nhiet (phthing phap ngam tam, n6ng dO dung dich, lttong hda char, the dO tam Op suit, thOi gian, nhiet di) say)

1.4 Phtidng phap nghien ctiu, cach tip c*n van clg, ky thu4t sii

dung

— PIluang pkeip tigp can cact de Thong qua viec Lim hidu nhang nghien eau ctia cad nttctc, ding vdi vie.c khan sat trong nu & 1/6 van dd nghien cdu hien tinh g6

— Phacing phap ke thi4a: Phan tich, tong hop tu' lieu, ckic nghien cdu tru'dc vt hien tinh d Viet Nam va ckic nu'dc tren the gidi

- Plwart9 phap bign fink sa dung nghien taus

Bien tinh hang phuctn2 phap nhiet - cd: hoa mem go bang phudng phial) luOc,

thOi gian luOc phv thuOc vao ang lc* g8 va kich thu'dc go luOc, sit dung thiet

hi nen ep nhiet vdi thOi gian du kien (30 - 60) phtit, nhiet dO (130 - 170)°C, kip seat (105 - 250) KGkrn2, dukli tic Ong cua kip slat va nhiet d6 gci du'Oc nen chat tang khol Wong the tich tao thanh g8 hien tinh

Bien tinh hang phudng phap hcia — — cd: g6 hoa mem hang phudng

phip ngam dm Urea situ do sit dung thiet hi nen ep nhiet tao gel hien tinh

3 Bien tinh 116 hang phudng phap boa — nhiOt: ngam tam Flea chat DMDHEU

(Dimethyloldihhydroxycthyleneurea), n6ng dO khoking (20 - 50)% va gia nhiet

say kho du'di Lac dung ctia nhiet dO trong g6 xay ra ckic phan ang tai thanh g8

hien tinh

chtAdn Ala go bigri fink:

Wit LIM dinh Wang sit dung trong xay thing va skin mat hang mOc cho

nen kip dung cad Lieu chugn thit vd dO hdn to nhi'en, di) On dinh kith thirdc, tinh chat vat iy, cd hoc

+ Tieu chugn Chau Au xac dinh dO fan cua g8 : ENV 807

Chi tie ti xkic dinh: kha nang chising na'm mo/c dila gi

+ Tieu chtign Nhat ban v6 chill King g6 hien tinh : JP 8224709

Chi tieu xac dinh: do (In dinh kich thu'dc ciia g6 hien tinh xac dinh heti chi so'

ASE theo cling thdc: ASE = (1-(Ah/Ao))*100(%)

Ah: kich thude mAti g6 hien tinh

Au: kich thuerc may go khong hien tinh

Chi a ASE hien Ong phu thuOc vao phuxing phap hien tinh va loai go, cu thd dat (lade (10 — 65)% Do dinh hddng san phSm nen gidi half chi s6 ASE dat ra khoang (15-20)%

+ Tieu chugn Viet mut xac dinh tinh chat cd,1)1 g8 : TCVN(356-370) -70

- luorrig nehign 7c12 ly sd 14,4 thi ngkik:.mt

+ Phacing phcip nghien cau: Ap dung phu'dng phap thSng ke, thiic nghiem, phan

tich he thSng Phdong phap thlic nghiem, can ea' vao Tel tddng nghien tutu de chon quy hoach thiic nghiem ddn yeu to hoac da yeti to Do vao rn6 hinh loan hoc, xac dinh bai Wan tol Liu va didu khidn cac qua trinh that nghiE'm thco rntic dish

Phu'dng phap thiic nghiem da yeti to lien ha nh trinh ter cac hude:

• Xay Ong nOi dung thiic nghiem: xay dung quy mo ctia bai town tren ed sa churl cac tham so- dilu Wm (thong a ding nghe) va dau ra thich hdp (chi Lieu chat Luling)

• Lap ham cac yeti to- theo do i có dang phdOng trinh: Y = (x i xi)

Trong d6 x i , xi la cac hien a dac tru'ng cho cac yeu to anh hu'ang

• Ket qua nghien cdu the hien du'di dang phadng trinh tudng Yuan bac hai co

dot ng Using qua t:

ti

y Ekixi x + kx,= (1.1)

f.1

Trong dki:y -cac dai Ming can xac dinh (yeti IS dau ra)

hi, hi, va hi; -cac he a quy tuyen tinh

xi x; -cac hien sii (Lac yeti tSdciti vao)

• SO' luvng thi nghiem coin thiet xac dinh then ding thiic:

Trong dc5: N la so thi nghiem, No la so thi nghiem tai diem 0 (No > 1), N1 La so thi nghiem tuyen tinh, Nu la so thi nghiem Lai diem sao (*) va a la khoang each lir

Lam teli diem sao hay coin pi la canh lay dOn

T( chat; thi nghiem: tS ch(rc thi nghiem then sd d6 ma Iran, cac thi nghiem

tien hanh new nhien Ket Lid thi nghiem ghi vao cut cat: tham so dal) ra trong

hang ma tran thi nghk m

S6 lieu thu thap trong qua trInh titht hanh thi nghiem, sau khi loai ho sai s6 the du'cic xi? l' tren may vi tinh bang philn mem STATGRAPHICS - VERS7.0 va EXCEL

+ Phu'o'ng pfruip so lieu tilt nghiem

S6 lieu thu thap tit cac thi nghiem xiY 19 theo phming pilaf) th6ng ke [61,[141

n -so lacing mau khan sat

Tinh ngu'cic lai kidm tra se; Wong mall can thidt de dat dO chinh xac 95% theo

1.6' x s=

Trong do: s -he s6 bidn dOng ciia chi tieu nghien cite

e -sai s6 tuung d6i cho trade Cing vdi dO chinh xac 95% 1,96 -gia tri tra hang Ling vdi do tin cay 95%

lech chugn:

DUny cu tki r►yhiem

o Tei say thi nghiem MEMMERT (Nhat Ban), nhiet do say teii da 200°C

o Can din OHAUS (M.9 ) dO chinh xac ± 0,01g, trot-1g hiring can t6i da 200g

o Kinh lup, kinh hidn vi dien tilt Meiji Techno Co, Ltd Japan

o Thu'dc 'cep panme (Nhat ban), (10 chinh xac ± 0,05mm

o May thif tinh chat cci hoc, thidt bi Autogla

o May ep thi nghiem, binh dm, If3i

(1.3)

CHUVING II: KET QUA XAC DINI1 TINH CHAT VAT Lir,

CO HQC GO CAO SU, Mill, HONG 2.1 Phndng phap xac dinh Unit chgt vO.t 1Sr, cd hQc

2.1.1 Pluidng phdp ch9n nth thi nghiem

Dtia theo tieu chain: TCVN 355 - 70 v6 phu'dng phap chon rang, chon cay, cu'a

khdc nghien cdu tinh chfi cd 19 Trong de tai nghien cdu chon g6 Cao su khai thac tai tinh Binh Phu'dc sau khi da trich kiet nhtia, g8 Didu khai thac a tinh Binh Phddc

va go HOng khai thac tai tinh Dgc Lgc 7 tudi Cay sau khi cora cat thing qui dinh data

ve phOng thi nghiem xac dinh tinh chat cd19 va nghien cdu cong nghe bin tinh 2.1.2 Phtidng phap xac dinh cac chi tieu tinh chat vi)t If

Tinh chat vat 11 cda g la nhang tinh chat có thd xac dinh du'dc trong didu kien

khong lam thay ddi cac thanh phan hda hoc cila g6 ho4c khOng phi hoai tinh hoan chinh cda mau g6 Tinh chfi vat li cda g6 bao g6m: Kho-i lu'dng the' tich, dO am, dO htit nide, t9 le co nit va dan na theo cac chidu, Trong phkim vi dd tai khao sat cac chi tieu: kh6i lasing thd tich cd han, t9 k dan na theo 3 chidu xuyen tam, tidp tuyein

va chidu doe thd

2.1.2.1 Thr nghiOm xac dinh kh61 !Ong the tich

XAc dinh khol Wog the Lich theo TCVN 362 — 70 Kich tint& mau theo cac hu'dng xuyen tam, tie-p tuye-n, d9c thd la (20x 20 x 30)mm Dung thudc kep do kich thadc ha chidu chinh xac den ± 0,05(mm), can mau chinh xac don ± 0,01(g) Kich thtrdc hinh ding mau the hien hinh 2.1

Cong thdc tinh khin lacing the tich cd ban: •

Hinh 2.1: Mau thi nghim xac dinh khon hicing thd tich

2.1.2.2 Thi nghi4m xac dinh ti 14 dan na theo 3 chigu Y1, Yx, Yt

Ti le dan nä chide xac dinh theo tidu TCVN 360 — 70 T57 le dan ne 3 chidu tinh

theo tong fink:

D Chidu doc the:

➢ Chidu xuyen tam:

11, a l , b1: Kich thdec chidu doc the, xuyen tam va ti6p tuy6n sau khi ngam ndec

12, a2 , b2: Kich tint& chidu doc the, xuyen tam va ti6p tuy6n sau khi say kho kidt (mm) Kich thu'ec va hinh dang mau hinh 2.2

■■■ ••• ■ •=2211,

30

Ifinh 2.2: Mau thi nghiem 'Lac dlnh ti le co, dan

Pinking phap xtic dinh dO dan no: Miu sau khi say den kho kiet, do kich thitdc 3

chieu (al, b1, 11), du'a mau ngam vao nu'dc, de mau hilt nu'Oc den trang thdi bao had,

khi kich thu'oc cda hai ran do Id tiep khong d6i, tai thdi diem do do kich thu'dc 3 chidu (a2, b2, 12) cila mdu a dan nä DI cdc thong s6 kich thdeic tren tinh du' 8c dO dan ncl dia rah theo ding thttc 2.2, 2.3, 2.4

2.1.3 Phddng phap xac Minh cac chi tieu tinh chdt cd hoc

Trong viec ddnh gid chdt lu'Ong vat lieu thl cu ng dO chiu lu'e la mot trong nhiing chi tieu quan trong Nghien am tinh chdt co hoc cda go khong nhilng cung cap cho ngu'6i s* dung nhitng thong s6 can thiet lam co 0 cho viec tinh town, thief k6 hOp 1, dim bdo an toan va tiet kiem nguyen lieu, lam tin de cho cdc phu'Ong phdp gia ding mdi va nang cao khd nang sit dung g8 Tinh chdt co hoc co nhidu chi tieu

nhu': DO bdn u6n, nen ngang, doc, dO ceng, hfc tach, modun dan h6i Trong san xua-t d6 mOc va van san, chi tieu vd dO bdn u6n, de) cang, eng sukt nen ngang, ltic tach la nhfrng chi tieu quan trong

2.1.3.1 Ong suit nen ngang tho ctiic bi)

Xac dinh gidi Ilan bdti khi nen ngang thd cuc be) theo TCVN 363 - 70 kich thu'dc mau theo huffing xuyen tam, tip tuye-n, doc thd la 20 x 20 x 60 mm

a

N

Ifinh 2.3: MAu thi nghie;ni xac dinh eng suit nen ngang ciic b0

Phuring phap ti'en hanh: Do mau xac dinh chidu rOng tren mat cat ngang theo

phtking xuyen tam ne-ti la thti nen ngang cuc b6 ti6p tuye-n va theo phtking ti6p tuy6n ne-u la thi nen ngang theo phfrcing xuyen tam

Thfr mau tren may tha van rang Amsler c6 gia tri sai s6 cho phep ± 2kgf

Dat mau teen may that va tang hic ep cluing theo qui Binh t6c dO, tip tuc tang lip cho d6n khi bi6n dang dOt ngOt thay ddi, mau bi phi huSt thi dfrng, doc gia tri ten d6ng h6 liic

Gong thitc xac Binh itng mat nen ngang cuc bO:

inch = p (KG/cm2) (2.5) Trong do:

P: Ldc tic dung trong gidi han dan hdi (KG)

a: Bd rOng min dui' (cm)

0,018: Bd king thOi sat theo chidu doc thd (cm)

Xac dish ttng suit tan tinh theo TCVN 365 - 70 kich thddc matt theo chidu xuyen tam, tip tuye-n, doc thd la 20 x 20 x 300 (mm)

Pinking phap tan hanh: Do mau tai diem gida chidu dai mitt, do chidu rOng

mau (b) theo pinking xuyen tam va chidu cao (h) theo phuting ti6p tuy6n doi vdi phep thd theo htidng xuyen tam va do chidu rOng mau (b) theo phtiOng tip tuy6n va chidu cao (h) theo phtrong xuyen tam do-i vdi phep thtt hu'dng xuyen tam

Tien hanh ten may tint van nang Amsler vdi sai s6 ± 2kgf, khoing cach gift hai gdi dd la 240mm va c6 mOt dao dat d t6c dO tang lice ddu va tang cho den khi mkt bi phi hely hoan town, doc gid tri tren ddng h6

C6ng thdc xac dinh dug suit udn tinh:

2xbxh2 Trong d6:

Pmax : Ltic phi hoai (KG)

Hwang phap tien hanh: Dang lite keo 2 mei) a gill mau pha hay man gti Khi hic ben ngoai tac Ong Idn hdn ang ldc hen trong caa ge) lam cho gO tach ra theo chie'n doc thd Ltic au mat tach IA met &Ong sau Ian bd mat tach, hic nay ngoai

!tic kheng tang len nUa, man pha hay ghi gia tri hic

TO man tren may van nang Amsler vdi sai s6 ± 2kgf, cong thtic xac dinh lite tach (2.7)

0 , = trial(

Trong do:

P1118X: Ltic pha hoai man (KG)

a : Tie Ong mat tach (cm)

2.1.3.4 Dc) ming tinh

Xac dinh de cang tinh thdc hien theo TCVN 369-70 Mau xac dinh de cdng co

dang hinh lap phu'dng, m6i canh lA 50 mm Chidu cao caa man phai theo hddng diking sinh caa vOng nam Cac yen can hinh clang va de chinh xac caa matt theo citing diet] 14, 15 trong TCVN 356 - 70 va dacic th6 hien a hinh 2.6

CEng tht?c xac dinh de eying tinh:

Hig= Hw { 1 + a (w - 18)} (2.8) Trong

DO ccrng tinh a do gm lA 18% tinh hang KG/cm2

a : He so" hien chinh de am lay hang 0.025

Hw : DO ding tinh a do am lac thii IA W tinh bang KG/cm2

Hinh 2.6: Mau till nghiem mic dinh dO cling tinh

Bang 2.1: S6 lurcIng va quy each au

T

T Chi tieu khao sat

Kich thifetc (mm)

S8- liking Day ROng Dili

1 Kh6i Wong thd tich (g/cm3) 20 20 30 I 30

2.2 Ke't qua xac Binh tinh chgt cd 1 go Cao su, Hong, Digu

2.2.1 Tinh chat vat ly

Khol luting the tich c0 bin la chi tieu rat quan trong danh gia kh6i lacing thqc chit di trong mut dun vi thd tich va no co quan he mat thidt vdi nhidu tinh chgt vat 1j, cd hoc khac, Anh hang mut phgn den Wang dO va gia tri cong nghe Quan he gi€Ta kh6i luring thd tich va cueing dc, etia g8 theo ty le thuan va duvc bida thi clang pinking trinh a = ay + b Kh6i Ming thd tich cd Mn hien d6i khong nhang tang loaf cay ma hien d6i tang vi tri trong ding mut than cay, theo meia khai thdc, vang sinh tru'erng, (10 tu6i

Co nit WI dan nd ctia g6 la mot trong nhang nguyen nhan gay nen hien liking hien hInh, cong venh, nut n6 Vai gn tukii ne'u Tat trong moi tri(ng khong htli roldc trong gu thoat ra ngoai lam cho dO gm gia'm xu6ng Bat dau ter dO gm bao hem trd di, gni co hien tacing co nit, dO am tang giim co nit tang manh, khi go kho kiet thi su co nit co thd xem nhu chgm ddt

Diia vao cac ke't qui thi nghiem va Lieu chain xac dinh tinh chgt vat ljr, ap

Ong cong thile 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 tinh toan va xa 1$, s6 lieu, ke't qui nghien cdu thd hien hang 2.2 Chi tie't cat: ke't qui thi nghiem &roc the hien phAn phi.) lkic 2, 19, 34 2.2.2 TInh chill co! hQc

2.2.2.1 ling suet u6n tinh

Gieli han bdn u6n tinh ctia g6 la mut dng lqc platc tap, la mot chi lieu quan trong Trong thqc te, hInh thdc nay thaang gap trong cac kit cgu g8 xay (king, &I

moe, trong giao thong van trong tinh toan thidt ke kie'm tra bdn cho cac chi tier, ho phan chic u(5'n nhd mat ban, mat gh6, vai ket qua khao sat cho thdy gO Hong c6 ting gat u6n th‘p so vdi cac loai go la rOng khac Ke't qua nghien eau thd hien hang 2.2 Chi tier ket qua thi nghiem the hien phin phy lye 4, 23,38

2.2.2.2 Nen ngang ctic bt)

ThOng qua tri s6 Ong sual khi nen ngang thd (Ala g8 cds thd tinh town dude ap lure

ep trong qua trinh nen ep nhiet d6i vdi cac san phgm do mix:, van nhan tao, hla chon thich hdp mac dO nen ctia cac thidt hi trong qua trinh bidn tinh cd nhiet, lam tang chat lu'dng bd mat san phgm

Nen ngang cuc b) dung de diZn to khi mot bO phan ctia go chiu laic tac dOng ngang thd, hinh thai nay thuftg gap trong xay thing, ho phan chiu lure trong do

ket qua khao sat cho tha'y dng sual nen g8 Hong kin hdn hgn so vdi cac loai g8 khac K6t qua khao sat thd hien trong bang 2.2, chi tient ket qua thd hien

trong phtt Inc 7

2.2.2.3 Luc tach

(frig Ide taeh la kha nang chCing lai tac dOng ctia nhgng ding ey det va sic (ding nem) lam cho gtx) hi tach ra theo chiu dyc thd ijng lite nay co quan he trate tie-p trong eac k6t eau etia g8 can not ghep tAng dinh hoac mOng va gia ding dddi hinh thdc ho, che Go nghieng thd, cheo thd, loan thd lam tang rat nhidu ting he tach etia no Qua ket qua khao sat vd eau to tho dai, ge) Hong it cheo thd, thd thing ding vdi ket qua xac dinh ring Idc tach cho thgy g8 HOng co dng lde tach trung hinh Ke't qua khao sat the hien trong hang 2.2, chi tier ket qua thd hien trong phy lye 8

2.2.2.4 DO cLYng

DO cdng tinh dung dd bidu thi kha rang ehring lai eac tac dyng ctia ngokti lde khi ep mot vat khong hien clang vao git lam cho go lam xu6ng Tinh chat nay có quan he den dO ch'a't ctia gci Trong nhidu ding dung thdc to dO cang dddc xem la tie u chain 'titian trong dd danh gia pham chat g6 (van san, g8 san xua't do mOc )

Do cling gci phy thuOc vao nhidu y6u khol It qng thd tich, dO gm, vi tri trong than eay, Qua ket qua khao sat thd hien a hang 2.2 va phy lye 10, go HCing c6 do cang tinh thgp, khOng th1ch help him nhang vat dyng chiu lute, chiu va dap va mai ram

Bing 2.2: MI qua x6c dinh tinh chk cd, Iy cui g8 Cao su, Ming va Dieu

TT Chi tieu 'ilk dinh GO Cao su G8 Hong G8 Dieu Ddn vi

Qua nhiing ke-t qua nghien cdu du'Oc the hien 6 bang 2.2 chang t6i nhan thdy g8

Cao su c6 kh6i Ming the tich trong binh, kha nang chin laic Hitt Ling sat u6n, nen

ngang cuc b6, lye tach trong binh, g8 mem de gia ding che- bie-n thich hdp trong san xtat do m6c, chu'a phis hdp vii sit dung trong xay dog va cac san phSm chin hie G8 HOng c6 kh6i lacing the tich kha nang chiu lye nhtt Ling slat tan, nen ngang cue

tach, du cdng tinh nh6, gci m6m khOng Ling dung thich hOp trong san xua't nhting san phifm chiu lutc, trong san xua-t dpi m6c, chi pha hOp san xua-t mot s6 san phisim sieu nhe khOng yeti ch du ben cao G8 Dieu (xi khOi Wong the' tich tttdng d6i Eta') so v6i g8 Cao su va g8 Hang thi ty le dan nib tu'Ong d6i thifp hon DO hen co hoc tha-p hdn g8 Cao su va dam bac) du'oc m6t so- chi tieu trong san xual hang m6c tuy nhien [rung link vhic )(ay thing, [rang tri nisi thift Chita dap (trig yeti chiu sit dung [rung nhang trOng hop d6 b6n, tudi tho cao

29

CHIAING III: KET QUA NGHIEN CCU CONG NGHe BIEN TINH

GO CAO SU, HONG, DIEU BANG PHU'CiNG PHAP NHIeT - CCi 3.1 Cd sd ly 1u4n bign tinh cd - nhiOt

3.1.1 Phtidng pluip hien tinh nhiet - cd

tac dung cua nhiet dO trong moi trtftg gm se lam cho gd mem hdn, tinh deo cda no eking hien githeo Can cd vao dac diem nay, ngddi to nghien cdu xet ly nhiet du'di nhieu hinh thdc khac nhau: luOc, &et n6ng hoac hip nang bang hdi nong trong (lc thie-t bi kin Sau khi dude boa mem va lam deo, gO dtictc nen trong cac khtion ming de on dinh ve hinh dang va kich thddc Qua trinh nen lam giam the tich g8, lam tang khol liking the tich Dieu Juan trong khi nen g8 la phai gig nguyen dive eau tnic, khong phi va cac vach to bao va lam dap cac mao mach ma chi thu hep kich thu'dc nguyen lieu ban &Au tdi gidi Kan tely 5f Phudng phap nay cho phep san xuat ra cac san ph,gm co nhang tinh chat (kh6i luring the tich, do nen, dO trddrig net va dO htit nude) co the dill doin dude Can cit vao dac diem, cau to, tinh chat ctia

gd Hong la mem, nhe, chinh vi vay Ma mem hang phddng phdp luOc, hip la khiing cgn thie-t, ma phis hip vdi phddng phap xtt 15/ nhiet cuing thai nen ep

3.1.2 Nguyen If hen ke't

G8 la loci vat lieu xcip, khi phOi gci bi nen, cac 18 hang trong g8 hi thu hep lai Ne-u ldc nen cang kin, gO hi nen cang chat, ne-u chi nen vii lktc nen thap, gci hien clang it Do tinh clan hdi cua go sau khi nen co the hien clang tra lai, neu lye nen kin, nhiet dO phi! hip thi kha rang hien dang trill lai hi mill di Do tinh chit deo ctia g8

ma kha nang 6n dinh trang thai cua g8 dude duy tri Ddng thai trong qua trinh ep, dukii tic dung ctia zip suit eking nhd nhiet dO thanh phgn h6a hoc trong g8 c6 the bi ehay ra, c6 tac dung on dinh cau vac sau khi hi nen (tac dung nhd mot chit lien ke:t) 3.1.3 Cd chi, nen

G8 la vat lieu clan hdi td nhien, trong didu kien nhat dinh no co the bi pha hilly

ke't cau Khi gci dude deo hoa rdi c6 the nen chat de tang khol Itidng the tich, nang cao cOng do co h9e etia g8 dill xer 11 Cd the nen gdm ha diem :

Nang cao tinh chit cd hoc cilia cac loci g8 trong dieu kien khong pha hilly vach

to bao, c6 the dOng phddng phap ep de tang khol lu'dng the tich, tinh chit vat ly cd

hoc sau khi hien tinh kitting phu thuOc hoan Loan vao loci cay

Khi nen theo chieu vuong goc vdi thd g8 thi tit ca cac loci g8 go la kim va

g3 lei rung) deu hi nen theo chidu xuyen tam, chi co g,8 la fling mach phan tan mdi

nen theo 2 chidu xuyen tam va tie-p tuyeen nhang tilde chit lai tang khO-i luring the tich theo chidu tie-p tuyeen

ip

Hinh 3.1b: Nen 4 phia

ip

Hinh 3.1a: Nen 2 phial

Tru'dc khi nen an phii xIt 11 am nhiet, dO am va nhiet do la cac y6u to chi yeu lam tang tinh deo cila g6 nen Tinh deo clia gO tang theo nhiet de, khi trong vach to bao ce lacing nadc nhal dinh (kherig dap hcin 6%), lu'ong nu'dc de ce thd giim he so

ma sat trong qua trinh hinh thanh nen.VI the, trong trang thai am nhiet thi tinh deo tang Ceng sual can cho go nen da deo [Oa khOng cao nen giim tOi da sq OA hoai tau tnic g8 COng doan cu6i ang cua quA trinh nen la say kho va lam nguiii thi mdi ce hinh dung mdi cua g6

• Nguyen 19 nen g8 theo cac phurdng phap sau: (sd a nguyen ly nhu' hinh 3.1)

• Nen 2 phia vuong gee vdi hu'dng sOi gO (Hinh 3.1a)

• Nen 4 phia vuong gee vdi luidng sli go (Hinh 3.1b)

• Nen dgy qua true (HInh 3.1c)

p

Hinh 3.1c: Nen dify qua true Hinh 3.1: Nguyen 19 chung ctia cac pluidng phi!) nen g6 3.1.4 Cac yeti tainh Wang den chgt kiting go hien tinh

3.1.4.1 Anti hu'ong cua do non

DO nen ciia g6 la yeu t6 rift quan trong anh huking den tinh chat vat 1)1 va co hoc ctia g8 Ngoai ra no con anh hu'eing den chat luOng sin phgm g6 sau khi nen, trong gidi han cho phep neu dO nen tang cao thi tinh chat co ly tang cao

Khi chon cap de nen dya vao dac diem, tinh chgt al' dung g6 nen, dac tinh cita g6 nghien citu, vi g6 nghien etlu la loci g6 Wing co ca-u tu-o x6p, mem nen ti6n hanh thi nghiem c ail) di) nen la 25%

DO nen dude tinh theo cang thtic:

e

Trong do:

e :DO nen (%)

hi : Chidu day ban au (mm)

h : Chidu day sau khi nen (mm)

3.1.4.2 Anh hu'ang cua nguyen g6

MOi loai g8 khac nhau thi co dac diem, ciu tao, tinh chit cO hoa khac nhau

Tay theo di) tu6i, wing sinh tracing, gt3 ding hay g8 mem deu anh htidng den chit lacing san phAm Ben canh do, do am cda gO trtidc khi ep hay sau khi ep ming anh ht(ng khong nhO' den chit hiring san phim g8 bien tinh

GO la loai vat lieu di Facing, CO ciu tao x6p va dac trang bang ma' hinh thanh cda mach gO, tia go, cac dai to bao mt) Tinh chit cda gO, klch thu'dc, ciu tao, se ltigng cac thanh phAn cau tao go phy thuO'c vao loai cay va cac didu kien sinh tru'ang cda loai gO do Ngay trong ding mot than cay ding thay doi tinh chit nhu' giac loi, phAn go'c ngon

Khi xet tren quan diem vat lieu thl gO la loai vat lieu co he s6 chit hiring cao, tinh each dien each nhiet tat, nhting khi xet vat lieu du'di goe nhin cuing do thl gO

la vat lieu co cutng do khOng cao Nhu' chting to (la biet, cac thanh phAn ciu tao nen gt1 Om: Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin va cac thanh phAn hoa hoc khac VI vay, khi nhiet di) tang cao (>130°C) thl Hemicellulose va Lignin chi)/ loang hoac mem ra lam cho ke't ca'u gO yeti di, the tich giam xtio'ng an den hi bien &pg Ngoai ra chidu

thd, mAt go, do rOng vong ram, t9 le di Om ge, muon, chi6u dai to bao, g8 mem, gci

Laing, do Am ding anh huking den Ong nghe hien tinh gO

Mot yeu t6 khac la cac vach te'bao cda g8 ding tOy tang loai ma co hinh clang

va latch thu'dc khde nhau nhting hAu het ddu nam theo htidng tnic doe than cay (nhu' quan bao ct cay la kim, soi gn va mach go c3 cay la Ong) con mot phAn nho nam theo htidng xuyen tam (nhu' tia gO), ban than tang to bao CO cau trtic dinh hu'ang trifrc to

bac) Do do, cac tinh chit co ly va cuing do cda go theo cac Miring khde nhau se khac nhau dan den chit hieing g8 sau khi nen ding khac nhau

3.1.4.3 Anh hieing cua cac ygu to c6ng ngho non ep

Cac yeti to cong nghe nen ep g8 bao ap hit! ep P (KGkrn2), thOi gian ep

t (phtlt), nhiet di) ep T (°C) Cac yeti t6 coy nghia guy& dinh den chit Wong san phifm, nangsuit, gia thanh san pha?m