UNIT 3 CITIES OF THE FUTURE VOCABULARY 1 Article /''''ɑ tikl/(n) bài báo (+ to, with) cho học việc theo giao kèo với 2 Card reader thiết bị đọc thẻ 3 City dweller /ˈsɪti ˈdwelə(r)/ (n) người sống ở đô[.]
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UNIT 3: CITIES OF THE FUTUREVOCABULARY
1.Article /'ɑ:tikl/(n) bài báo
(+ to, with) cho học việc theo giao kèo với
2 Card reader : thiết bị đọc thẻ
3 City dweller /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ (n) người sống ở đô thị, cư dân thành thị
4 Cycle path : làn đường dành cho xe đạp
5 Efficiently /i'fi∫ntli/ [một cách] có năng suất, [một cách] có hiệu suất cao = effectively (adv)
6 High-rise (a) cao tầng, có nhiều tầng
7 Infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n) cơ sở hạ tầng
8 Interact /,intər'ækt/ tác động qua lại
9 Liveable /'livəbl/ đáng sống
10 Neighborhood (n) khu dân cư
11 Operate /'ɒpəreit/ hoạt động, vận hành, chạy (máy)
12 Pedestrian /pi'destriən/9n) người đi bộ, khách bộ hành
13 Privacy /'privəsi/ /'praivəsi/(n) sự riêng tư
14 Roof garden: vườn trên sân thượng
15 Sense of community (np): ý thức cộng đồng
16 Sensor /'sensə[r]/ cảm biến
17 Skyscraper /'skaiskreipə[r]/ nhà chọc trời
18 Smart city : thành phố thông minh
19 Sustainable /səs'teinəbl/ (a) có thể chịu đựng được = endurable /in'djʊərəbl/
20 Urban centre: khu đô thị, trung tâm đô thị
21 Upgrade/ˈʌpɡreɪd/ (v) nâng cấp
22 Urban planner /ˈɜːbən 'plænə(r)/(n) người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị
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23 Optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) lạc quan
24 Overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) chật ních, đông nghẹt
25 Pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) bi quan
26 Quality of life /'kwɒləti əv laɪf/ (n) chất lượng sống
27 Renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ (adj) có thể tái tạo lại
28 Inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ (n) cư dân, người cư trú
29 Detect /dɪˈtekt/ (v) dò tìm, phát hiện ra
30 Metropolitan /,metrə'pɒlitən/ (a) [thuộc] thủ đô; ở thủ đô
31 Cosmopolitan /,kɒzmə'pɒlitən/ (a) gồm người từ nhiều nước, gồm người tứ xứ
GRAMMAR
I CAUSATIVE FORM - HAVE / GET SOMETHING DONE
1 Động từ cầu khiến/ khởi phát: có nghĩa là ai đó làm một việc gì cho chúng ta Có thể là do việc đó khó,
không thể làm được hay đơn giản là chúng ta không muốn làm việc đó
HAVE + STH + PAST PARTICIPLE
a) She's having her house painted
b) We've had the carpets cleaned
c) They'll be having their dinner served at half past eight
d) We've been having our garden remodeled
2 Nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người/ tác nhân thực hiện hành động này, chúng ta dùng "by + tác nhân":
HAVE + STH + PAST PARTICIPLE + BY
a) He's having his tattoo done by one of the best experts in the city
b) Every Saturday we have our car cleaned by a local lad in the village
c) She had had her nails done before her hair was cut by Sassoon
d) They'll have had their meal served by the time we arrive
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3 Chúng ta cũng dùng hình thức khởi phát/ cầu khiến để nói về những trải nghiệm xấu hoặc những rủi ro/ bất hạnh đã xảy ra; hay một trải nghiệm nói chung
HAVE + STH + PAST PARTICIPLE + (BY + TÁC NHÂN)
a) They've had their suitcases stolen at the airport
b) We've had our electricity cut off all day
c) I had my car lights smashed by vandals
d) He had his garden destroyed by the storm
e) Sherry had her children playing in the garden
4 Chúng ta cùng so sánh sự khác nhau giữa 3 động từ khởi phát/ cầu khiến:
HAVE - GET - MAKE
a) He has the lawn mown every weekend by his son (He does not do it, his son does.)
→ HAVE + sth + PAST PARTICIPLE
a’) I'll have the porter bring your luggage up right away
(He arranges for the porter to bring the guest's luggage.)
→ HAVE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE
→ giao trách nhiệm cho người khác làm việc đó
b) He got the lawn mown by his son (He encouraged him to do it for him.)
→ GET+ sth + PAST PARTICIPLE
b) He got his son to mow the lawn for him (He persuaded his son to do it for him.)
→ GET + sb + TO INFINITIVE
→ thuyết phục/ khuyến khích người khác làm việc đó hoặc lừa phỉnh người khác để họ làm việc đó.
c) He made his son mow the lawn (He insisted or ordered his son do it.)
→ MAKE + sb + BARE INFINITIVE
→ bắt buộc ra lệnh người khác làm việc đó
5 "GET" thường được dùng trong văn nói thể hiện sự thân thiện Chúng ta cũng dùng "GET" khi chính chủ từ thực hiện hành động
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a) They always get their homework done on time
b) He got the lawn mown before lunch
c) I got all the ingredients prepared before cooking the paella
d) You had better get organized or you'll be late
PRACTICE
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
1 James had his nose in a fight
2 Frank had his passport on a train
3 Fred had his hat off in the wind
4 George had his papers at the police station
5 Bill is having his shoes
6 I am going to have a new house
7 I'll have the boys the chairs
8 I will have your car by the end of the day
9 Robots could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are under of
10 Have these flowers to her office, please
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11 You should have your car before going
A servicing B to service C service D serviced
12 I'll have a new dress for my daughter
13 You should a professional to check your house for earthquake damage
14 As we may have seen in many films such as the Matrix, or iRobot, robots have the to ruin our lives if something were to go wrong
A achievement B success C potential D talent
15 Pupils should have their eyes regularly
16 Lisa had the roof yesterday
17 They have just had air conditioning in their house
A install B to install C installed D installing
18 We rarely have our luggage by porters
19.The government has had new houses in the rural areas
20 We had the room yesterday
A decorates B had decorated C decorated D decorating
21 The villagers have had the use of this washing machine by this engineer
A explain B explained C to explain D explains
22 By the housework done, we have time to further our studies
23 NASA has had an autonomous spaceship the universe recently
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A exploring B explore C explored D to explore
24 She is going to have her wedding dress
25 It's about time you had your house
A whitewash B whitewashed C whitewashing D to whitewash
26 I'll have another key
27 Do you have a newspaper to your home?
A deliver B delivered C to deliver D delivering
28 I have not had the film yet
A develop B to develop C developing D developed
29 She had her hair yesterday
30 Have her these letters, please
31 We have just had the carpenter this chair
32 What did you do this morning? We the room whitewashed
33 I have had my room today
34 The students got the librarian books for them
35 John had just had his brother a house for him on Fifth Avenue
36 Let's have our waiter some coffee
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37 You ought to have your coat
38 He couldn't afford to his car repaired
39 The teacher had the students their test
A hand in B handed in C handing in D having handed in
40 My grandmother had a tooth last week
appear (dường như) seem (dường như) sound (nghe có vẻ) taste (có vị)
Exercise 1: Underline the linking verb in each sentence.
1 At the hospital, the sick woman's face turned blue
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2 These potatoes tasted awful
3 The boy was injured during the soccer match
4 My parents sounded unhappy after the news
5 At the park, I feel happy
6 Beth’s clothes are muddy
7 The dogs at the farm were friendly
8 The five fish were happy and healthy
9 Billy’s old green jacket is too small
10 The old house was creepy
11 We were the spelling bee champions last year
12 Apple pies are delicious
13 I will be an elf in the school party
14 Melina is the fastest runner on our team
KEY
1 At the hospital, the sick woman's face turned blue
2 These potatoes tasted awful
3 The boy was injured during the soccer match
4 My parents sounded unhappy after the news
5 At the park, I feel happy
6 Beth’s clothes are muddy
7 The dogs at the farm were friendly
8 The five fish were happy and healthy
9 Billy’s old green jacket is too small
10 The old house was creepy
11 We were the spelling bee champions last year
12 Apple pies are delicious
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13 I will be an elf in the school party
14 Melina is the fastest runner on our team
Exercise 2: Choose the suitable word to complete each sentence.
1 He is shouting at his friend He seems very angry/angrily.
2 A: Why do you smell the milk?
B: Because it smells terrible/terribly You should throw it away.
3 This plan grows quickly/quick if it absorbs enough water.
4 He kept talking and his friends seemed annoyedly/annoyed.
5 The doctor checked my legs carefully/careful to see if there were any injuries.
KEY
1 angry.2 terrible 3 quickly 4 annoyed.5 carefully
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using the given words.
1 She so beautiful in that white dress
2 A: What about going to the Italian restaurant?
B: That _ great!
3 She wants to _ a fashion designer like Victoria Beckham in the future
4 I painful in my stomach after eating that cake
5 It _ interesting that he didn't like anything except that bowl
6 Teenagers like to make their own choice when they _ older
7 Turn on the fan It is hotter and hotter
8 That Super Junior _ suddenly at the end of concert makes its fans overjoyed.KEY
1 looks 2 Sounds 3 become 4 felt 5 seemed 6 grow 7 getting 8 appears
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Exercise 4: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
1 Tom sounded when I spoke to him on the phone
A angry B angrily C to be angry D to be angrily
2 The garden looks since you tidied it up
3 Your English is improving It is getting _
4 The chef tasted the meat _ before presenting it to the President
A cautious B more cautious C cautiously D much cautiously
5 Although the dish melt , he refused to eat saying that he was not hungry
MORE PRACTICE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions
1 A capable B available C global D climate
(âm /eɪ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
2 A promote B sensor C insoluble D pollution
(âm /ɒ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
3 A urban B infrastructure C quality D inhabitant
(âm /ɒ/, các từ còn lại âm /ə/)
4 A disturbed B censored C detected D solved
(âm /ɪd/, các từ còn lại âm /d/)
(âm /ɪz/, các từ còn lại âm /s/)
6 A current B sustainable C infrastructure D rubbish
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8 A solar B infrastructure C designer D focus
10 A urban B sustainable C infrastructure D inhabitant
11 A poverty B convertion C emergency D assertion
12 A sustainable B maintenance C mountainous D mainly
14 A insoluble B development C probable D problematic
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions
4 A underground B contrary C quality D pollution
5 A soluble B emphatic C excellent D probable
7 A assignment B attendance C pollution D privacy
8 A sustainable B optimistic C pessimistic D interactive
10 A environment B infrastructure C inhabitant D community
11 A overcrowded B renewable C academic D optimistic
13 A infrastructure B sustainable C responsible D renewable
14 A generate B understand C innovate D maximize
15 A limitation B efficiency C academy D pedestrian
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences
1 He complained about not being informed of the change of plan and insisted on compensating for it
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(sửa thành “on being compensated for”, mang nghĩa “được bồi thường)
2 With a view to extend relations with other countries, the government has made every effort to welcome
foreign investment
D
(sửa thành “to extending”, lưu ý cấu trúc “with a view to ST/doing ST")
3 Before steel and concrete was introduced as building materials, carpenters had played the major role in
construction
D
(sửa thành “were introduced”, lưu ý "steel and concrete” là danh từ số nhiều)
4 Industrial wastes that man discharges them into the sea have a deleterious effect on marine life
(sửa thành “discharges into”, vì “that” đã thay thế cho “industrial wastes”, “them” là thành phần dư)
5 The company is introducing a fire-prevention system that activated by any small increase in temperature
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1 If people the rules, there are no more accidents
2 Public in my town is good and cheap
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3 You should right and left when you go across the roads
4 Hurry up or we can't the last bus home today
5 Exhaust _ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities
A fumes B smokes C gases D smog
6 Local authorities should find ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city to use public transport
7 Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a central park and designed
so that every resident can walk to work in the business
8 The waste system here is also innovative There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the street
9 London is a/an city It's a melting pot for people from all parts of the world
A international B national C metropolitan D cosmopolitan
10 Cities in poorer countries often lack basic Without it, they are unable to function properly as cities
A structure B construction C infrastructure D condition
11 Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its people exciting
A activities B performances C nightlife D night clubs
12 The roads are terrible I'm always getting in traffic
13 We will need new technologies to generate energy and use it in clean and safe ways, only from fully sources
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14 As we move toward 2050, we are facing the consequences o f _ urbanization and population growth
15 New York has invested substantially in improving the _of its waterways in recent years
16 China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities m ore _ for the last two decades
17 Optimistic people believe that city will have a better live thanks to important achievements in technology and medicine
(“dweller” là danh từ, mang nghĩa "người sống ở một nơi nào đó”)
18 Scientists are looking for ways to cut the cost of renewable energy sources
("to cut down ST” là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “cắt giảm cái gì”)
19 They really ripped us at that hotel; they charged me a lot of money
(“to rip SB off" là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “tính ai giá cao hơn bình thường")
20 If you need help, make no to ask
(make no hesitation to do ST là cụm động từ, mang nghĩa “đừng ngần ngại làm việc gì”)
21 The main goal of planning is providing a healthier environment for people living in the city
("urban planning” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “quy hoạch đô thị”)
22 Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people's of life
("quality of life” là cụm danh từ, mang nghĩa “chất lượng cuộc sống”)
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23 Vancouver is often considered to be one of the m ost cities in the world
24 Telecommunications and cloud computing will _ transportation for moving ideas and intellectual property
25 They took measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping
(lưu ý từ “measure” mang nghĩa “biện pháp”, dùng với tính từ "effective”, mang nghĩa "có hiệu quả”)
26 In developing countries people are into overcrowded cities in great numbers
(“pour into” là cụm động từ, trong ngữ cảnh này mang nghĩa "đổ về, tập trung về”)
27 There are other problems of city life which I don't propose to at the moment
("go into” là cụm động từ, trong ngữ cảnh này mang nghĩa “thảo luận”, tương tự "discuss”)
28.Although it's fine for figures like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking to raise about the dangers of artificial intelligence, the majority of computer scientists agree that these problems are far away
29 Speech is the ability of the computer to understand a human talking to it
A recommendation B recognition C acceptance D realization
30 Smartphones are a great example of the of artificial intelligence
31 I can’t give you this book because it ………… mine It belongs to Peter
32 Her favorite occupation ………… reading She likes to read, and she reads a lot
33 We had the roof last year
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34 What happened? You ………… terrible! Are you hurt?
35 She doesn't like having her picture
36 He ………… a doctor after he graduated
37 I'm sorry I'm late, but I my watch on the way here
A have/ cleaned B had/ clean C had/ cleaned D had/ to clean
38 I’m sorry I said it I ………… so bad about it Please forgive me
39 Your task ………… to do the exercise on page 7
40 Please have the cleaner this meeting room
41 It ………… late I really have to go now Thank you for a lovely time Goodbye!
42 I'd like to have my shoes at one
43 She went upstairs to check on her children They ………… to be sleeping, so she went to the kitchen to have some tea
44.………… so dark that they had to stop their search
45 My grandmother had a tooth last week
46 He ………… tired to me I told him to have some rest
47 We had a professional photographer pictures of everyone who participated in our wedding
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48 The fish tastes I won’t eat it
49 The students got the librarian books for them
50 Why don't you have that coat ?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
1 “ _ ?” – “It’s ten minutes’ walk from here.”
A How long does it take to get to the town centre? B Can you show me the way to the town centre?
C How far is it from here to the town centre? D How can we get to the town centre?
2 “What a boring lẹcture!” – “ _ ”
Ạ Yẹs, it was dull, wasn’t it? B I don’t agree It’s dull
C It’s interesting, wasn’t it? D I’m sorry not
3 “I believe people will have a better life in the future.” – “ _ Life will be
more enjoyable than it is today, won’t it?”
A No, I don’t think so B Not exactly
4 “ “ – “That’s right London will be cleaner and more sustainable.”
A This means there’ll be no pollution, will there?
B This means there’ll be no pollution, won’t there?
C This means there won’t be no pollution, will there?
D This means there’ll be no pollution, doesn’t it?
5 “What’s the weather forecast?” – “ ”
A Don’t forget your raincoat, will you?
B Don’t forget your raincoat, do you?