Luận án đổi mới và hoàn thiện pháp luật trong quản lý nhà nước đối với người nước ngoàii ở nước ta hiện nay

N^m vung cac quy dinh ve dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai la mdt veu cdu co y nghia quan trong khdng chi d muc dd nhan thufe ma con d vide van dung phap luat d ta't ca cac khau co ban

H6 CHI MINH

57-/ ■ P7*

BUI QUfiNG B0

DOI MOl VA HOAN THIEN• •PHAP LUAT

TRONG QUAN LY NHA NUdC DOI Vdl

NGUdl NUdC NGOAI d NUdC TA HIEN NAY

Chuyen nganlv. Ly luan Nha nude va phap quyen

Ma so : 5.05.01

LUAN AN PHO TIEN si KHOA HOC LUAT HOC

hvtdng dan khoa hoc: PTS Tran Dinh Nha

HA NOI, 1996

Ldl CAM DOAN

(c7<5Z debt (‘(ini itna/L cLaq, la eaag, IrmJi

mjliihi cjuu eaa rihtg, tot, &ae lu'l qua aia ti'&aq (aait oil la Iraaq tiujte na cJtua tuaq ctade ai ojcmuj ba traiuj bat luj,

C j O iuj iiialt naa.

BUI QUANG BA

£)A1 HOC IVA* TP.KC m I

NHUNG CHtr VIET TAT TRONG LUAN AN

CNXH Chu nghia xa hdi

XHCN Xa hdi chu nghia

CH XHCN C6ng hoa Xa hdi chu nghia

VN DCCH Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hoaCI-IND C6ng hoa Nhan dan

CHDC Cdng hoa Dan chu

CPC Cam-pu-chia

ANQG An ninh qutfc gia

TTATXH Trat tu an toan xa hdi

TAND Toa dn nhan dan

TNHH Trdch nhidm huu han

VPDD Van phdng dai didn

NGO T6 chufc phi chinh phuXNC Xua't nhap canh

MUC LUC

Trang

Chuang 1 Vai tro cua co che dieu chinh

phap luat trong quan ly Nha nude

doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai 111.1 - Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vi6t Nam 111.1.1 - Khai ni6m "ngudi nude ngoai" 111.1.2 - Ph^n loai ngudi nude ngoai 151.1.3 - Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vi6t Nam 161.1.4 - Quan ly Nha nude v6 an ninh qud'c gia 261.1.5 - Quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai 291.2 - Co ch£ di£u chinh phap luat - didu kidn co ban dam

bao hidu qua quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude

1.2.1 - Khai nifcm co ch£ di£u chinh phdp luat trong quan

ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoai 421.2.2 - Ban cha't va ndi dung cua co ch£ didu chinh phap

luat trong quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai 441.2.3" - Vai tro cua phap luat trong quan ngudi nude ngoai 45

Chuang 2 Thue trang pjiap luat trong quan ly

Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai 49

2.1 - Vai ndt lich su v6 phap luat quan ly ngudi nude ngoai

2.2 - Thue trang quan ly Nha nude cua BO Ndi vu d<5i vdi

ngudi nude ngoai d Viet Nam 602.2.1 - HO thd'ng cor quan quan ly Nha nude v6 nhap canh,

xuat canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai d

2.2.2 - Cdng tdc quan ly Nha nude cua B6 Ndi vu dd'i vdi

ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam 622.3 - Thue trang vi pham ph£p luat cua ngudi nude ngoai

d Viet Nam va edng tdc xu ly cua c£c ccf quan

2.3.1 -Tinh hinh vi pham phdp luat Viet Nam cua ngudi

2.3.2 - Cdng tac didu tra, xu ly cac hoat ddng vi pham

phAp luat Viet Nam cua ngudi nude ngoai 117

Chuang 3 Phuong hudng doi mdi va hoan thien

phap luat trong quan ly Nha nude doi

vdi ngudi nude ngoai 128

3.1 - Mdt sd' quan di£m chi dao qud trinh d6i mdi va hoan

thien ph£p luat trong quan Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi

3.1.1 - Nhung quan di£m trong xay dung va hoan thien he

thd'ng phap luat quan ngudi nude ngoai 1293.1.2 - Quan di£m vd hoan thien bd‘ m£y quan ty ngudi

3.1.3 - Nhung quan di£m va nguydn tac hoan thien he thd'ng

cdc co quan tai phdn 132

3.2 - Phuong hudng d6i mdi va hoan thidn phdp luSt

trong quan ngubi nude ngoai 1333.2.1 - X^y dung va hoan thibn h6 thong phAp luSt vi quan ly

ngubi nude ngoai 1333.2.2 - D$i mdi va hoan thidn co chd tai phAn 1423.2.3 - D8i mdi va hoan thibn bo mdy, co ch& quan ly Nha nude

dd'i vdi ngubi nude ngoai o nude ta 145

*3.2.4 - Phuong hudng xAy dung ddi ngu edn bd quan ly

ngubi nude ngoai • 151

Danh muc tai lidu tham khao 160

MO DAU

1 Tinh cap thiet cua de tai

Lich sir phat tridn quan hd giua cac nude cho tha'y va'n dd quan ngudi nude ngoai la mdt nhu c£u thuc tidn t£t ydu Trude hdt, nd dam bao an toan va tao thuan lpi cho ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, di lai, hoat ddng tai nude

sd tai Thir hai, nd gop phan giu gin an niuh - trat tu, han chd va ngan chan nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua ngudi nude ngoai trdn lanh thd qud'c gia noi ngudi dd cu tru Thu ba, nd gdp ph£n cung cd quan hd huu nghi giua cdc nude cd quan hd hop tac vdi nhau

Quan ly ngudi nude ngoai la mdt mat cua quan ly Nha nude trdn linh vuc bao vd an ninh qudc gia (ANQG) 0 cdc nude, co chd didu chinh phdp luat trong quan ly ngudi nude ngoai thudng xuydn dupe nghidn cuu, ddi mdi

ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn Van de quan ly ngudi nude ngoai o nude ta da dupe dat ra tir nhidu thap ky nay Tuy nhidn, chi vai nam trd lai day linh vuc nay mdi dupe dac bidt coi trong Boi vay, linh vuc nghidn cuu khoa hoc vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai noi chung, vd co chd didu chinh phdp luat ndi ridng trong linh vuc nay d nude ta, thanh tuu dat dupe con khidm tdn Cho ddn nay, van chua cd mdt edng trinh khoa hoc nao nghidn cuu mdt edeh cd hd thdng va toan didn vd linh vuc quan ngudi nude ngoai, trong luc ydu cdu thuc td dang dat ra ra't buc thidt

Td khi Dang va Nha nude ta chu truong mb rdng quan hd hop tac vdi edc nude theo phuong cham "thdm ban, bdt thii", sd lupng ngudi n’ ngoai hang nam ddn Vidt Nam ngay cang tang, vdi nhidu muc die? n,thanh phdn va tinh cha't rdt da dang Phan ldn ngudi nude nr

tich cue gdp phdn cung cd va phdt tridn quan hd huu ng1

Nam Tuy nhidn, mdt bd phan khdng nhd da lpi dung

luat va sir long leo trong quan ly cua Nha nude ta, da cd nhung hoat ddng phurc tap, gAy phuong hai dd'n ANQG va trat tu an toan xa hdi cua Vidt Nam.

Trong khi dd, cdng tac quan ly cua Nha nude ta chua d6i mdi kip thdi tir nhan thurc, quan di£m dd'n hd thd'ng phdp luat va co chd' quan Nhidu chu truong, chinh sdeh cua Dang vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai chua dupe thd chd' hod kip thdi Su phd'i hop giua cac co quan, ban, ng&nh trong llnh vuc quan ty ngudi nude ngoai chua dupe chat che, thid'u thd'ng nha't Nhung tdn

/

tai dd cd thd kim ham qud trinh md cua, gay khd khan cho cdng tdc quan ty; tdc ddng tidu cue dd'n linh vuc bao vd ANQG va trat tu an toan xa hdi cung nhu cdc lpi ich vd chinh tri, kinh td', van hod, gido due, dd'i ngoai cua Dang

va Nha nude ta

Trude nhung ddi hoi ca'p thid't cua tinh hinh ndi trdn, trong quan Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai doi hoi vira phai qudn tridt quan di6m

"Vidt Nam mud'n lam ban vdi ta't ca cdc nude”, phuc vu cd hidu qua qud trinh d6i mdi, md rdng dan chu; nhung ddng thdi van phai dam bao an ninh qud'c gia, giu gin trat tu an toan xa hoi Chinh vi vay, vide nghidn curu nhung va'n dd ly luan va tong kd't kinh nghidm thuc tidn, dd trdn co sd dd nang cao hidu qua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai; ddng thdi gdp phdn hoan thidn hd thdng phdp luat vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai dang dat ra nhu mdt nhu cdu burc thid't

Vdi y nghia dd, vide nghidn cuu dd tai "Ddi mdi va hoan thidn phap luat trong quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay” la

%

ra't cap thid't, ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn, phuc vu su nghidp ddi mdi, cdng nghidp hod, hidn dai hod da't nude

I

2 Tinh hinh nghien cuu

Nang cao hidu qua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai ludn la tai dupe cdc nha khoa hoc va hoat ddng thuc ,tidn quan tarn nghidn curu

Trong linh vuc nay, ddri nay da mdt sd' cdng trinh nghidn cuu duqc cdng bd', nhu: Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai, ngudi khdng qud'c tich (Gido trinh lu&t hanh chfnh Vidt Nam-Dai hoc luat H& Ndi 1994) (14); Dia vi ngudi nude ngoai (Gido trinh phAp luat Dai cuong-Dai hoc kinh td' qud'c dan 1995)(16); Dia vi phip ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam v& cdng tdc quan ly ngudi nude ngoai cua ta (Tap chi Cdng an Nhan dan Sd' 11 Nam 1995); Thai Cdng Khanh Ban vd thuat ngu "ngudi nude ngoai", "ngudi Vidt Nam dinh cu d nude ngoai" trong Bd luat dan su (Tap chi Toa dn Nhan dan, sd' 5/1996)(21); Nguydn Ngoc Anh Mdt sd' vari dd vd quan hd dan su cd yd'u td' nude ngoai trong Bd luat dan su (Tap chi Cdng an Nhan dan, sd' thdng 7/1996)(7); Anh Ngoc Bd luat dan su va vari dd qud'c tich (Tap chi Cdng an Nhan dan, sd' thdng 7/1996) (33)

(5 c£c gdc dd tid'p can kh£c nhau, cdc cdng trinh ndu trdn trong pham

vi nha't dinh da dd cap ddri vari dd ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam, dia vi phdp

ly cua ho cung nhu cdng tac quan ly cua ta Tuy nhidn, vari dd quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay van chua duqc quan tarn nghidn curu mdt each toan didn va co hd thd'ng

3 Muc dich va nhiem vu cua luan an

Muc dfch chfnh cua luan an nay la gdp phdn lam s£ng to nhung co sd

ly luan va thuc tidn nham xdc dinh nhung dac trung, vai tro va ndi dung cua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai v

Dd dat duqc muc dfch trdn, luan an cd cac nhidm vu sau:

- Di sau phan tich, lam ro khdi nidm vd co chd' didu chinh phdp luat, vai tro cua phdp luat trong cof chd' quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai

d nude ta hidn nay

- Lu&n giai nhung luan cd khoa hoc phuc vu vide md rdng nghidn ctru

vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai nham tumg budc hoan thidn linh vuc edng tdc nay ca vd phuong didn ly luan va thuc tidn

- Danh gid thuc trang phdp luat va thuc tidn quan ngudi nude ngoai

d nude ta hidn nay, phan ti'ch nguydn nhan cua thuc trang va kid'n nghi cdc giai phap d6i mdi va hoan thidn hd thdng luat phap, co chd' quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam trong giai doan mdi

4 Pham vi nghien cuu cua luan an

Quan ly ngudi nude ngoai la mdt trong nhung nhidm vu quan trong cua quan ly Nha nude ndi chung, thudc pham vi chdc nang cua nhidu nganh, nhidu cap, trudc hdt la cdc co quan bao vd phdp luat va cdc nganh chu quan

Do la mdt pham tru rdng ldn Trong luan an nay chi gidi han nghidn cuu vd

co chd quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoai thudc pham vi churc nang cua Nganh Cong an

5 Co so phuong phap luan va phuong phap nghien cuu

Dd tai dupe nghidn cuu dua trdn co sd phuong phap luan Mdc-Ldnin, dac bidt la phdp duy vat bidn chung Bdn canh dd, luan dn con su dung cdc phuong phap nghidn curu cu thd sau:

- Phan tfch thuc tidn thuc trang tinh hinh quan ty ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta, nhung vi pham phdp luat cua ngudi nude ngoai va edng tdc quan 1^,

xu ty cua cdc co quan chufc nang cua ta nhung nam gdn day

- Phan tfch, tdng hop, thdng kd, so sdnh; phuong phdp tdng kd't kinhnghidm dd nhan thirc thuc tidn, td dd rut ra nhung kd't luan edn thidt va dua

ra nhung luan cd lam co sd kid'n nghi ddi mdi, ho^n thidn phdp luat trong linh vuc quan ngudi nude ngoai cung nhu co chd' quan ly ngudi nude ngoai d

- Trong luan An da kd't hop su dung mdt sd' phuong phdp c6 tinh dac thu cua khoa hoc phap ly, nhu: phuong phdp xa hdi hoc, phuong phdp phAn tich thudn tuy quy pham

6 Nhung dong gop mdi ve mat khoa hoc cua ludn an

La cdng trinh ddu tidn nghidn curu mdt cdch cd hd thd'ng va tuong dd'i toan didn vd co chd' quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi ngudi nude ngoAi Do dd cd thd xem nhung didm dudi day la nhung ddng gdp mdi cua luan An:

- Ve mat ly luan

+ Dua trdn nhung co sd ly luan cua chu nghia MAc-Ldnin vd Nha nude

va phap luat, dac bidt la mang ly luan quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia luan An dua ra va lam ro thdm mdt sd' kliAi nidm vd ngudi nude ngoai; quan

ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia; co chd' didu chinh phAp luat trong mdt lmh vuc quan ly cu the la quan ly ngudi nude ngoai

+ Lam rd dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai; co chd' quan ly ngudi nude ngoai va vai tro cua phAp luat trong quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai trong didu kidn cu thd d nude ta hidn nay

- Ve mat thuc tien

Trdn co so phan tfch tinh hinh thuc tidn, dd'i chid'u vdi nhung luAn didm khoa hoc, luAn An dua ra nhung dinh hudng, dd xuA't cd tinh kha thi nhAm xAy dung va hoan thidn:

+ PhAp luat vd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai

+ Nang cao y thuc phAp luat

+ Ddi mdi bd mAy, cAn bd, co chd' quan ly nhAm thuc hidn cd hidu qua cdng tAc quan ly ngudi nude ngoai d nude ta hidn nay

7 Ket cau cua luan an

Ngoai ph<in mb ddu, kd't luan, luan an bao gdm 3 chuong 8 muc va danh muc tai lidu tham khao

Chuang

VAI TRO CUA CO CHE Dlfiu CHINH

PHAP LUAT TRONG QUAN L? NHA

NUOC DOI Vdi NGUOl NUOC NGOAI

1.1 DIA VI PHAP LY CUA NGUdl NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET

NAM.

1.1.1 Khai niem ’’ngudi nude ngoai”

Ve khai niem "ngubi nude ngoai" trong khoa hoc phap ly cung nhu trong thuc tiSn b Vidt Nam cho dd'n nay van con nhi6u </ kid'n khde nhau Chfnh vi vay, vide tdng kd't ly luan, nghidn cuu phdp luat thuc dinh, tham khao kinh nghidm cua cdc nude d£ trdn co sd dd dua ra khdi nidm "ngubi nude ngoai" cd y nghia luan va thuc tidn Tuy vide hinh thanh khdi nidm nay can phai dua vao cac tidu chi kh£c nhau, nhung tuu trung lai cd thd tha'y: Qud'c tich la chd' dinh phdp ly qua dd xdc dinh quy£n va nghTa vu cua cdng dan; va do dd qud'c tich la co sd phap ly dd xAc dinh mdt ngubi nao dd la cdng dan nude nay hay cdng dan nude khde Thdng thubng ngubi nude nao thi mang qud'c tich nude dd Nhung trdn thuc td', nhi£u ngubi sinh ra b nude nay lai gia nhap qud'c tich nude kh£c, hoac do nhung nguydn nhan khde nhau

co ngubi mang nhi6u qud'c tich

Thudt ngu "ngudi nude ngoai" dupe su dung rdng rai d cdc nude trdn thd' gidi Tuy nhidn, ndi hdm khdi nidm ndy d mdi noi dupe hidu mdt cdch Nhung nhin chung khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" trong cdc van ban phdp ludt

va khoa hoc phdp ly cua cdc nude thudng dupe hidu theo hai nghia "Ngudi nude ngodi" theo nghia rdng la td't ca nhung ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich cua nude sd tai, tdc la bao gdm ca ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngodi vd ngudi khdng

cd qud'c tich Canada, Ailen, Ba Lan, Bungari la nhung qud'c gia thira nhdn quan didm ndy "Ngudi nude ngodi" hidu theo nghia hep la nhung ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngodi vd khdng phai la cdng ddn nude sd tai Nhu vdy, theo cdch nhin nhan ndy, thi ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich khdng phai Id ngudi nude ngodi

Trong Hid'n phap, cdc ludt, Phdp ldnh, Nghi dinh cua Nhd nude ta tu trudc dd'n nay da sir dung thudt ngu "ngudi nude ngodi", nhung chua giai thfch thudt ngu ndy mdt cdch thoa ddng Vi vdy trong thuc tidn da ndy sinh nhung khd khan nhd't dinh Ngay ca trong sdeh bdo phdp ly cua nude ta, dd'n nay vdn chua cd quan didm thd'ng nhd't vd ndi dung khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngodi" 0 mdi giai doan, cdch hidu khdi nidm ndy cung cd nhidu didm khde nhau

Sic ldnh 53 ngdy 20/10/1945 do Hd Chu tich ky, ban hanh quy dinh nhung ngudi sau d£y la cdng dan Vidt Nam

- Cha la ngudi Vidt Nam, me la ngudi Vidt Nam

- Cha la ngudi Vidt Nam, me khdng phai la ngudi Vidt Nam

- Cha khdng ro la ai, me la ngudi Vidt Nam

- Cha, me khdng rd Id ai, sinh ra d Vidt Nam

Can cur Sdc ldnh nay thi nhung ngudi khdng thudc bd'n loai kd trdn ddu

Id ngudi nude ngodi Theo gido trinh Tu phdp qud'c td' cua Dai hoc Ngoai giao Hd Ndi (1978 - 1979) thi "ngudi nude ngodi" bao gdm cdng dan

nude ngoai, ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich va phdp nhan nude ngoai Hoac cung trong cud'n sach nay, cd y kid'n con cho ring khai nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" edn bao gdm ca nha nude nude ngoai (18) Cdch hidu d khdi nidm ndu trdn theo chung tdi la qud rdng va khdng chudn x£c, bdi le ngoai thanh td' "nude ngoai" trong kh£i nidm :"ngudi nude ngoai" edn cd thanh td' "con ngudi" - mdt thuc thd xa hdi, hoan toan khde vdi phAp nhan hay Nha nude Lidn quan

vd va'n dd nay, gido trinh Tu phap qud'c td cua Dai hoc qud'c gia Ha Ndi (1995) bd sung thuat ngu "hr nhidn nhan" dd giai thi'ch cho khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" Theo dd, "ngudi nude ngoai" la nhung (tu nhidn nhan cd qud'c tich nude ngoai hoac tu nhidn nhan khdng cd qud'c tich, chur khdng phai la edc td churc cua tu nhidn nhan nude ngoai nhu phdp nhan va Nha nudc(19) Theo chung tdi, quan didm ly giai nay la phh hop va cd co sd khoa hoc

Ngay 25/4/1977 Hdi ddng Chinh phu ban hanh Quyd't dinh sd': 122/CP

vd chinh sdeh dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, lam vide va lam an sinh sd'ng tai Vidt Nam Theo didu 1 cua Quyd't dinh nay, khai nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" bao gdm nhung ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngoai va nhung ngudi khdng

cd qud'c tich

Ngay 9/7/1988 Hdi ddng Nha nude nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam cdng bd' Luat qud'c tich Vidt Nam Cd thd ndi day la co sd phdp quan trong nha't dd xac dinh mdt ngudi nao dd la cdng dan Vidt Nam Luat qud'c tich Vidt Nam chi cdng nhan cdng dan Vidt Nam cd mdt qud'c tich Vidt Nam (Didu 3)

Nhung theo Didu 49 Hid'n phap 1992 quy dinh "Cdng dan Vidt Nam la ngudi cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam Theo quy dinh nay thi ngay ca nhung ngudi Vfet Nam dinh cu o nude ngoai da nhap qud'c tich nude ngoai (nude ma ho dinh cu), va van con qud'c tich Vidt Nam thi vd hinh thuc van la cdng dan Vidt Nam cho dd'n khi nao ho thdi qud'c tich Vidt Nam mdt edeh hop phdp

^ay V^n dd rat phtfc tap, va thuc td' cho tha'y nd'u khdng duqc giai quyd't

tridt dd trong ph dp luat thuc dinh se gay nhidu khd khan, vudng mac cho thuc tidn.

Nhu vay, nhung ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam dupe coi la ngudi nude ngoai

Trong mdt sd' van ban phdp luat cua Nha nude ta dupe ban hanh nhung nam g£n day, khdi nidm "ngudi nude ngoai" thudng dupe dung rdng rai theo nglha rdng Theo Khoan 1, Didu 1 cua Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam ngay 21/12/1992 va Khoan 3, Didu 1 cua Phdp ldnh hdn nhan va gia dinh giua edng dan Vidt Nam vdi ngudi nude ngoai ngay 15/12/1993, "ngudi nude ngoai" dupe hidu la ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam

Cd thd ndi cho dd'n nay, edeh hidu ngudi nude ngoai theo nghia rdng nhu trong phap luat nude ta la chudn xac hern ca, bdi vi: Thu nhat, didu dd dam bao cho su edng bang ddi vdi edng dan nude ngoai va ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich - hai pham tru khde nhau Thu hai didu nay cung phu hpp vdi nguydn tdc blnh dang cua moi ngudi theo luat qud'c td' la "khdng ndn phan bidt dd'i xu vi ly do dan tdc, chung tdc, tdn gido, gidi tinh, ngdn ngu, chinh kid'n, trinh dd van hod" (19); ddng thdi nd phu hpp vdi xu hudng nhan dao cua ddi sd'ng qud'c td' Nhu vay, xu hudng chung phap luat Vidt Nam thira nhan quan didm cho rdng "ngudi nude ngoai" khdng chi gdm nhung ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngoai ma con ca ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich cu tru trdn lanh th'o Vidt Nam Nhung dd xdc dinh mdt ngudi la ngudi nude ngoai, trudc hd't edn phai khang dinh ho la ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam, didu dd cd nghia la ho la edng dan (hoac mang hd chid'u) nude ngoai hoac la ngudi ddng thdi khdng cd qud'c tich Vidt Nam va khdng cd qud'c tich cua ba't ky mdt nude nao ca (ngudi khdng qud'c tich) Tdm lai, edn phai hidu ngudi nude ngoai la:

- Ngudi khdng phai la cdng dan Vidt Nam theo Lu&t qud'c tich Vidt Nam ma la cdng dan cua mdt nude khac dupe chung minh bang hd chid'u con gid tri ma ho dang su dung.

- La ngudi khdng phai la cdng dan Vidt Nam theo Luat qud'c tich Vidt Nam ma cung khdng phai la cdng dan cua mdt nude khac, dupe chung minh bang vide ho khdng cd ho chid'u hoac cd nhung da hd't han su dung ma khdng dupe mot nude nao ca'p lai (T)

1.1.2 Phan loai ngudi nude ngoai

Vide phan loai ngudi nude ngoai cd y nghia thuc tidn to ldn, vi qua dd

ma xdc dinh quy chd' phap ly dd'i vdi tung loai Tuy nhidn, do khai nidm ngudi nude ngoai rdng nhu da trinh bay, ndn vide phan loai dd quan ly cung

cd nhi6u kho khan va cho dd'n nay van chua cd quan di£m thd'ng nha't

Cd nhidu quan didm phan loai ngudi nude ngoai khde nhau, tuy thudc vao vide lua chon can cu dd phan loai, hoac tuy thudc vao goc dd nghidp vu chuydn mdn cua mdi nganh Khoan 2, Didu 1 cua Phap ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam nam 1992 chia ngudi, nude ngoai thanh hai loai: "ngudi nude ngoai thudng tru" - la ngudi nude ngoai cu tru khdng thdi han tai Vidt Nam va "ngudi nude ngoai tarn tru" la ngudi nude ngoai cu tru cd thdi han tai Vidt Nam Cdch phan loai nay chu yd'u nhdm dap dng cdng tac quan ly nhap canh, xua't canh, qud canh cung nhu quan ly viee'eu tru, di lai, quan hd va hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai d Viet Nam, phuc vu nhidm vu bao vd an ninh qud'c gia va trat tu an toan xa hdi Giao trinh tu phap qud'c td' cua Dai hoc qud'c gia Ha Ndi (1995) dua vdo nadt sd' can cu chu yd'u khac de phan loai ngudi nude ngoai Cu thd la:

- Can cur vao quan hd qud'c tich, ngudi nude ngoai dupe chia thanh ngudi cd qud'c tich nude ngoai va ngudi khdng cd qud'c tich

- Can cur vao noi cu tru, cd ngudi nude ngoai cu tru trdn lanh thd Viet Nam.

- Can cd vao thdi gian cu tru trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam va muc dd dn dinh cua md'i quan hd phap ly vdi Nha nude Viet Nam, ngudi nude ngoai dupe chia thanh loai thudng tru va loai tarn tru

- Can cur vao noi dung quy chd' phap ly, ngudi nude ngoai dupe chia thanh loai dupe hudng quy chd' phap ly dac bidt (che do uu dai va midn tru ngoai giao) va loai khdng dupe hudng quy chd' nay (19)

Su phan loai ngudi nude ngoai nhu trdn la can.cur vao nhung dac didm khac nhau vd quydn va nghia vu phap ly ma ho cd d nude sd tai trdn co sd luat qud'c td' va luat phap cua Vidt Nam CAch phan loai nay la phu hpp vdi luat qud'c td' va dap ung dupe ydu cdu quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai trong giai doan hidn nay Trong tinh hinh hidn nay, vide phan loai ngudi nude ngoai nhu vay la phu hpp vdi thuc te

1.1.3 Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam

Ngudi nude ngoai do cung mdt luc vira phai chiu su chi phd'i cua phap luat cua Nha nude ma ho la cong dan, vua phai chiu trach nhidm va nghia vucung nhu quydn theo phap luat cua nude so tai, ndn ho ddng thdi phai tuan thu ca hai hd thong phdp luat Theo quan nidm chung, dia vi phAp cua ngudi nude ngoai d mot qud'c gia la tdng thd ta't ca cAc quydn va nghia vu ma ngudi nude ngoai cd dupe ta,i nude sd tai; nd dupe xAc dinh trudc hd't bangphap luat Cua nude sd tai va cAc nguydn tAc cua phAp luat qud'c td' ma qud'c gia dd cam kd't thuc hidn Tir dd cd thd noi dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi nudengoai d Vidt Nam la tdng thd cAc quy pham phAp luat cua Nha nude Vidt

lu?TW$ rnwsii&ft ta ia

lpi va nghia vu cua ngudi nude ngoai Vi vay, phAp

co sd duy nhA't dd xAc dinh dia vi phAp ly cua ngudi

N^m vung cac quy dinh ve dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai la mdt veu cdu co y nghia quan trong khdng chi d muc dd nhan thufe ma con d vide van dung phap luat d ta't ca cac khau co ban trong cdng tdc quan ly ngudi nude ngoai, nhu: quan ly nhap canh, xua't canh; quan ly cu tru, di lai va hoat dong cua ho Qua dd ma tid'n hanh cac bidn phdp phong ngua, phat hidn, da'u tranh, xu ly ngudi nude ngoai cd nhung hanh vi vi pham phuong hai den an ninh qudc gia, trat tu an toan cdng cdng cua nude ta; gop phdn bao vd chu quydn, thdng nhat va toan ven lanh thd cua Td qudc, phuc vu chfnh sach ddi ngoai cua Dang va Nha nude, ddng thdi tao didu kidn de ngudi nude ngoai gop phan cung cd, phat tridn cac quan hd hop tdc huu nghi vdi Vidt Nam, giup chung ta phat tridn kinh te - xa hdi, van hoa, giao due, khoa hoc ky thuat, cdng nghd

Hidn nay, theo thdng kd cua cac co quan chuc nang cd khoang 14 ngan ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, hoat dong, lam an, sinh song d nude ta (gdm gdn 900 can bd, nhan vidn cua 48 Dai su quan va Tong Lanh su quan; trdn

200 ngudi cua cac to chuc qudc te va cac to chuc NGO; trdn 3000 ngudi lam vide trong horn 2000 Van phong dai dien (VPDD) kinh td cua 55 nude; 687 giao vidn, luu hoc sinh; gdn 5000 ngudi lam vide trong cdc lidn doanh, du an d£u tu ) Ngoai ra, hang nam trung binh cd tdi trdn mdt tridu luqt ngudi nude ngoai nhap, xua't canh la khach lam thdi va mdt sd ngudi ty nan, chu ydu la ngudi Campuchia Nhung ngudi nude ngoai trdn cd dia vi phap ly rat khac nhau

Thdng thudng, luat phap cua mdt sd nude trdn thd'gidi quy dinh chd' dd phap ly vd ngudi nude ngoai bao gdm: chd' dd dai ngd qud'c dan; chd' dd dai ngd dac bidt va che do tdi hud qud'c

Quy che phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam dupe quy dinh trong cac van ban phap luat cua Vidt Nam va Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam d5 kJ kfe't hoac tham gia Di6u 81 Hien phap nude CHXHCN Viet Nam nam

1992 quy dinh: "Ngudi nude ngoai cu tru tai Vidt Nam phai tudn theo Hid'n phap va Phap luat Vidt Nam, dupe Nina nude Vidt Nam bao hd tinh mang, tai san va cdc quydn lqi chinh dang theo phdp luat Vidt Nam (20).

Cho dd'n nay o nude ta chua cd mdt dao luat ridng quy dinh v6 dia vi phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam ma chi mdi cd cdc quy dinh ridng

vd nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam va mdt sd' quy dinh ve llnh vuc kinh doanh cua ngudi ddu tu nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam; cdc va'n dd hdn nhan gia dinh, quan hd dan su cd yd'u td' nude ngoai (Phdn VU Bd luat dan su), cac quy dinh cua Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam

ky kd't hoac tham gia Vide quy dinh chd' dd phap cho ngudi nude ngoai ndi chung nhdm thuc hidn cam kd't trong cdc Didu udc qud'c td' va thuc hidn chinh sach cua Nha nude ta dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai van chu yd'u can cut vao nhung quy dinh vd quydn va nghia vu dd'i vdi cac cdng dan Vidt Nam Vd nguydn tdc, quy chd' phap ly cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam dupe xdc dinh tren co’ sd chd' do dai ngo qud'c dan Theo dd, trong nhung quan hd xa hdi nhd't dinh, ngudi nude ngoai dupe hudng cdc quydn va phai cd cdc nghia vu nhu cdng dan Vidt Nam Ngoai ra, con dp dung chd' dd dai ngd ddc bidt trong mot sd' llnh vuc nhu cdc quydn uu dai va midn trCr ngoai giao, quydn uu dai midn trir lanh su va chd' dd td'i hud qud'c (trong llnh vuc thuong mai, kinh doanh, hang hai qud'c td*)

Can cd vao cdc co so xdy dung quy chd' phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai neu trdn, tdc gia Le Anh Tud'n (47) phan chia dia vi phdp ty cua ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam ra lam 3 loai:

- Dia vi phdp ly cua ngudi nude ngoai khdng thudng tru (bao gdm nhung ngudi nude ngoai trong cdc co quan dai didn nude ngoai, cdc t6 chute 9u6c td', cdc chuydn gia, luu hoc sinh ) Dia vi phdp ly cua ho gdn li6n vdi dia vi phdp ly cua cdc co quan dai didn nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam, nhu cdc co 9uan dai didn ngoai giao, lanh su, kinh td', vdn hod

- Dia vi phap ly cua nhung ngudi nude ngoai thudng tru tai Vidt Nam (Neoai kidu) Vd co ban ho dupe huong cac quydn va nghla vu nhu cdng dan Vidt Nam, nhung c6 thu hep, nhu khdng dupe bdu cu, ung cu, khdng lam nshla vu quan su, bi ca'm lam mdt sd' nghd hoac cdng vide nha't dinh.

- Dia vi phap ly cua ngudi ty nan, ngudi khdng qud'c tich Vidt Nam dupe vidn dan theo Cdng udc qud'c td' (nhu Cdng udc Niu-Ooc ngay 28/9/1954 vd quy chd' ngudi khdng qud'c tich va Cdng udc Gio-ne-vo nam

1954 vd quy chd' ty nan) 0 nude ta, hp khdng dupe huong cdc quydn uu dai, midn trit ngoai giao va cung khdng phai la nhung kidu dan thudng, ma chi

dupe hudng mdt sd' quydn vd xua't, nhap canh, quydn ve dan su.

Cdch phan loai nhu trdn tuy cd thd giup cho vide xdc dinh dia vi phap

ly cua timg loai ngudi nude ngoai, tao thuan lpi trong vide xu iy, giai quyd't nhung vi pham cua cAc td chufc, cd nhan nude ngoai, nhung trong edeh phan

loai nhu vay se khdng trdnh khdi tinh trang trung giam mdi khi dd cap tdi cdc chd' dd phap ly cu thd

al Che do ve nhap canh, xuat canh, qua canh Viet Nam cua ngudi nude ngoai

Theo Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam nam 1992 (34), ba't ky ngudi nude ngoai nao cung ddu dupe nhap canh, xua't canh Vidt Nam nd'u hp cd ho chid'u hoac gia'y td cd gid tri thay hd chid'u va dupe co quan Nha nude cd tham quydn cua Vidt Nam (thudng la co quan dai didn ngoai giao hoac co quan lanh su cua Vidt Nam d nude ngoai) ca'p thi thuc (Didu 3), tru" trudng hop hd chid'u midn thi thuc cua nude cd ky kd't Hidp dinh midn thi thuc vdi Chinh phu Vidt Nam (Didu 1-ND 04/CP nam 1993 quy dinh chi tid't thi hanh Phap ldnh) Ngudi nude ngoai dudi 14 tu6i da dupe khai bao trong don xin ca'p thi thuc cua ngudi dan di thi

khdng phai lam thu tuc xin ca'p thi thuc (Didu 3) Ngudi nude ngoai qua canh Vidt Nam duqc midn thi thuc nd'u thdi gian luu lai trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam khdng qua 72 gid va khdng ra khdi khu vuc danh cho ngudi qud canh (Didu

8)

Theo Didu 4 cua Phdp ldnh noi trdn thi thi thuc cua Vidt Nam gdm: Thi thuc nhap canh, thi thuc xua't canh, thi thuc xua't - nhap canh, thi thuc nhap - xua't canh va thi thuc qua canh Thi thuc cd gia tri mdt ldn, trCr nhung trudng hop Chinh phu cd quy dinh ridng Thi thuc cd thd khdng duqc ca'p hoac huy bo dd'i vdi c£c trudng hop quy dinh tai Didu 6, Didu 7 cua Phap ldnh Ndi dung cac didu n^y la su cu thd hoa nghia vu cua ngudi nude ngoai xin nhap canh, cu tru tai Vidt Nam Theo dd, ho phai khai bdo rd rang muc dfch, ly do nhap canh va phai tuydt dd'i tuan thu phdp luat cua Vidt Nam Trdn thuc td', trong bd'i canh Nha nude ta thi hanh chinh sdeh md rdng quan

hd qud'c td', lam an vdi nude ngoai trdn nhidu linh vuc, mdi tudn cd hang van ngudi nude ngoai vao Vidt Nam, trong so dd da phat hidn, xu ly hang chuc trudng hop vi pham nhu su dung hd chid'u, gia'y td gia, nhap canh trdi phep dd

di nude thuf 3 Tinh trang nay da ton tai nhidu nam, co quan churc nang da

cd nhidu bidn phdp da'u tranh ngan ngura, nhung do nhung ydu td' khach quan kh£c nhau, dd'n nay chung ta van con nhidu so hd ndn sd' dd'i tuqng vi pham chua bi ph£t hidn con nhidu

b/ Che dd phap ly ve etc tru

Ngudi nude ngoai duqc quydn cu tru trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam sau khi

da dang ky cu tru tai co quan c6 thdm quydn cua Vidt Nam Didu 10 Phdp ldnh xua't nhap canh quy dinh trong thdi han 48h kd tir khi nhap canh, ngudi nude ngoai phai dang ky cu tru tai co quan Nha nude cd tham quydn cua Vidt Nam Didu 8 Nghi dinh 04/CP (29) nam 1993 quy dinh cu thd cdc trudng hop dang ky tai B6 Ngoai giao va cdc trudng hop dang ky cu tru tai co quan quan

]y xu£t, nh^p canh Bd Noi vu Didu 11 Phap ldnh xua't nhap canh ghi ro: sau khi dang ky thuong tru hoac tam tru, ngudi nude ngoai dupe ca'p gia'y chung nhan thuong tru hoac tam tru Gia'y chung nhan thuong tru bi thu hdi khi ngudi do dinh cu d nude khac hoac bi true xua't Gia'y chtrng nhan tam tru cd gid tri khdng qua 01 nam kd tu ngay ca'p cd thd gia han mdi ldn khdng qua

12 thang; cd thd bi huy bd khi ngudi tam tru khdng con ly do tam tru hoac bi true xua't (Dieu 14) Didu 10 Phap ldnh xua't nhap canh quy dinh ngudi nude ngoai khdng dupe dang ky cu tru tai khu vuc edm ngudi nude ngoai cu tru Trit nhung khu vuc edm, ngudi ntroc ngoai thudng tru di lai khdng phai xin phdp; ngudi nude ngoai tam tru di lai trong pham vi tinh, thanh phd' true thudc trung uong noi dang ky khdng phai xin phep, nd'u di dd'n dia phuong khde thi phai xin phep Ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam khdng dupe cu tru, di lai o nhung khu vuc vanh dai bidn gidi, khu cdng nghidp qud'c phong, khu qudn su; cac khu vuc cd ydu cdu bao vd dac bidt vd an ninh - qud'c phong; cac noi ma Bo Ndi vu quyd't dinh tam thdi khdng cho ngudi nude ngoai cu tru, di lai vi ly do bao ve an ninh chinh tri, trdt tu an toan xa hoi (Didu 12Nghi dinh 04/CP nam 1993) Dieu 13 Nghi dinh nay con neu ro trach nhidm cua ngudi nude ngoai tam tru di lai, hoat dong trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam Cdng

quyd't, trong dd cd cac vi pham cua ngudi nude ngoai nhu di sai tuyd'n du lich, vao hoat dong ngoai muc dich xin phep (nhu xin vao du lich^nhung lai hoat ddng tdn giao, lidn he lam an kinh te ) Cac co quan churc nang cua Vidt Nam da phai xu ly ph at tidn hoac canh cao dd'i vdi nhidu trudng hop cd sai pham trdn

Mat khac, cung edn phai nhdn manh rdng, hidn nay quan ly Nha nude

ve dich vu du lich con nhidu thid'u sot, bdt c£p, do v£y da xay ra tinh trang cdluc khdng kidm soat dupe hoat ddng nay

c! Che do phap ly ddi vdi vice hanh lighe

V£ nguydn tdc, noi chung ngudi nude ngoai b Vidt Nam duqc tu do lua chon nghd nghidp theo phdp luat Vidt Nam Song cung nhu nhidu nude khde, phap luat Vidt Nam cung co nhung quy dinh han chd khdng cho phdp ho lam mdt sd' nghd nha't dinh (nhu: ngu nghidp, lam nghidp, sua chua cdc loai mdy thdng tin, nghd ldi xe va cdc phuong tidn van chuydn hang hod, nghd in, khde chG, due da'u ) Theo Luat bao chi Vidt Nam nam 1989 (22), ngudi nude ngoai khdng duqc dung ddu co quan bao chi (t6ng bidn tap, tbng giam dd'c, gidm dd'c) va khdng duqc lam nha bao (Di£u 13, 14) Nghi dinh 45-HDBT con quy dinh ngudi nude ngoai khdng duqc lam edng chung vidn Ngoai nhung ngh6 khdng duqc phdp lam, ngudi nude ngoai mud'n 1dm nghd khde hodc xin vao lam vide trong cdc co quan, xf nghidp phai duqc co quan edng

an noi ho cu tru cho phdp va co quan quan ly lao ddng hoac co quan quan ly cdc nganh nghd dd cha'p nhan Trong qud trinh lam vide ho phai cha'p hanh nhung nghia vu lao dong va duqc hudng phuc lqi xa hdi nhu edng dan Vidt Nam Dd'i vdi chuydn gia nude ngoai lam vide tai Vidt Nam, hoat ddng cua

ho duqc didu chinh bang cdc Hidp dinh giua Vidt Nam vd nude cd cdc chuydn gia dd Hidn nay, theo Luat ddu tu nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam, cdc td churc, cd nhan nude ngoai ddu tu vao Vidt Nam ngay cang nhidu, hoat ddng nghd nghidp cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam phdt tridn phong phu, gdp phdn thuc ddy ndn kinh td' Vidt Nam phdt tridn Tuy nhidn cung da xua't hidn nhung mat tidu cue do nhung hanh vi vi pham phap luat Vidt Nam cua mdt sd' ngudi nude ngoai, nhu mdi gidi, luta dao, kinh doanh trd'n thud' Trong khi

dd, phdp ludt cua ta dang trong giai doan ttmg budc hoan chinh, ndn cd nhung quan hd lao ddng, tai chinh mdi phdt sinh lai chua cd nhung quy pham phdp luat di£u chinh kip thdi Day cung la nhung vd'n d6 edn sdm duqc nghidn curu b8 sung, hoan thidn

d! Quyen so' huu vd thica ke cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam

Cung nhu cdng dan Vidt Nam, ngudi nude ngoai cu tru o Vi£t Nam duoc hudng quydn so huu ca nhan vd thu nhap hop phdp, vd tu lidu sinh hoat

va tu lidu san xua't nhd theo phdp luat Vidt Nam (Didu 7/QD 122-CP) Didu

833 Bo Luat dan su (1995) (12) nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam quy dinh nhung nguydn tac phdp ly cua vide xac lap, cha'm dut quydn sd huu, ndi dung quydn

sd huu dd'i vdi tai san cua ngudi nude ngoai hoac phdp nhan nude ngoai Ngudi nude ngoai khdng cd quydn sd huu vd rudng da't (da't dd d, canh tac, vudn, ao, hd ) Ngudi nude ngoai cd quydn sd huu nha d trong thdi gian tid'n hanh ddu tu hoac trong thdi gian dinh cu, thudng tru dai han tai Vidt Nam nd'u didu udc qud'c te ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac tham gia khdng cd quy dinh khac Lidn quan chat che dd'n quydn sd huu la quydn thira kd' Nha nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam bao hd quydn thira kd cua ngudi nude ngoai dd'i vdi tai san cd trdn lanh tho Vidt Nam theo phap luat vd ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam, didu udc qud'c te ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac cdng nhan

e/ Quy che phdp ly ve viec hoc tap cua ngudi nude ngoai cu tru tai Viet Nani

Didu 12 Luat phd cap gido due tidu hoc (24) quy dinh ”tre em la ngudi nude ngoai d Vidt Nam cd nguydn vong theo hoc tidu hoc o nha trudng Vidt Nam duqc Nha nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam giup do" 0 Vidt Nam, ngudi nude ngoai va con em ho duqc theo hoc tai cac trudng tu mdu gido dd'n dai hdc, tru m9t sd' trudng dai hoc hay trudng chuydn nghiep cd lidn quan dd'n an ninh - qud'c phong Quy che tuydn sinh dd'i vdi ho dp dung nhu quy chd' dd'i vdi cbng dan Vidt Nam

Quydn tac gia va quydn phdt minh, sdng chd' cua ngudi nude ngoai

°nng duqc phap luat Vidt Nam quy dinh vd bao hd 0 Vidt Nam, ngudi nude

naoai dupe hudng quydn tac gia, quydn phat minh sang chd' (Nghi dinh 146 nam 1986) Didu 836 Bd luat dan sir quy dinh "quydn tdc gia cua ngudi nude ngoai, phap nhan nude ngoai dd'i vdi tac pham ldn ddu tidn dupe cdng bd', ph6 bid'n tai Vidt Nam hoac dupe sang tao va th6 hidn dudi hlnh thirc nha't dinh tai Vidt Nam, thi dupe bao ho theo quy dinh cua phdp luat CHXHCN Vidt Nam va Didu udc qud'c td' ma CHXHCN Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac tham gia Di6u 837 Bd luat dan su quy dinh vd bao hd quydn so huu cdng nghidp cua t6 chufc, cd nhan nude ngoai theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Vidt Nam va cdc Didu udc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam ky kd't hodc tham gia Didu 838 Bd luat nay dd cdp dd'n vide chuydn giao cdng nghd t£r nude ngoai vao Vidt Nam, trong d6 neu rd Bd luat dan su va cdc van ban phdp luat khde cua CHXHCN Vidt Nam bao hd cdc lpi l'ch hpp phdp cua cdc td chute, cd nhan nude ngoai chuydn giao cdng nghd vao Vidt Nam.

g/ Quy che phdp ly ve bao ve site khoe

Theo Didu 32 Luat bao vd sure khoe nhan dan (nam 1989) (23) "Ngudi nude ngoai dang d trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam dupe khdm benh, chua bdnh tai cdc co so y td' va phai cha'p hanh nhung quy dinh phdp luat vd bao vd sure khoe cho nhan dan Ngudi nude ngoai cd thd vao Vidt Nam dd khdm bdnh, chua bdnh

Ngudi nude ngoai lao ddng tai Vidt Nam dupe nhan tidn trp cdp trong thdi gian tam thdi mat sure lao ddng, dupe trp ca'p khi d'm dau, sinh de, khi gap tai nan lao ddng, dupe hudng chd' dd huu tri, dupe trp ca'p khi chd't nhu dd'i vdi cdng dan, vidn churc Vidt Nam dupe quy dinh trong phdp luat hidn hanh cua nude ta

h/ Quy dinh ve tham gia t6 tung dan sir

Theo Didu 83 Phap lenh vd thu tuc giai quyd't cac vu an dan sir (nam 1989) (36), ngudi nude ngoai, phdp nhan nude ngoai duoc quydn khdi kidn tai cdc toa dn cua nude CHXHCN Vidt Nam va tham gia td tung theo quy dinh cua Phdp ldnh nay Nhu vdy, phdp luat Vidt Nam da quy dinli chd' dd dai nsd nhu edng dan Vidt Nam cho ngudi nude ngoai (va phdp nhan nude ngoai) trong td' tung dan su Ddng thdi theo phap luat cua Nha nude Vidt Nam, ngudi nude ngoai cu tru o ba't cu dia phuong nao cung phai thuc hidn cac nghia vu nhu cha'p hanh cdc chinh sdeh cai tao, ddng thud', lao ddng edng fch nhu edng dan Vidt Nam.

(j Vidt Nam, nd'u ngudi nude ngoai cd hanh vi vi pham phdp luat Vidt Nam thi tuy theo tinh cha't, mure dd vi pham ho se bi xu ly theo phdp luat hidn hanh cua Vidt Nam: nhu canh cdo, phat tidn; tudc quydn su dung gia'y phdp, tich thu tang vat, phuong tidn vi pham, bdi thudng; truy cuu trach nhidm hinh su, ngoai ra, cd thd bi true xua't khdi Vidt Nam

Dd'i vdi nhung ngudi duqc hudng quy chd' ngoai giao, Phdp lenh vd quydn uu dai, midn tru danh cho co quan dai didn ngoai giao, co quan lanh

su va co quan dai didn cua cdc td churc qud'c td' tai Vidt Nam (nam 1993) (35)

co nhung quy dinh cu thd, tao didu kidn thudn lqi cho cdc co quan va thanh vidn cdc co quan noi trdn thuc hidn cd hidu qua churc nang, nhidm vu chinh thuc vdi tu each dai dien tai Vidt Nam (Didu 1) Ddng thdi nhd'n manh thai

dd kidn quyd't cua Nha nude ta trong vide bao vd chu quydn lanh thd, an ninh qud'c gia; quy dinli ro nghia vu ma co quan va thanh vidn cua ho phai thuc hidn trong khi cu tru hoat ddng tai Vidt Nam (Didu 2)

Tom lai, tuy chua cd mdt dao luat ridng quy dinh dia vi phdp cua ngudi nude ngoai cu tru va lam an sinh sd'ng d Vidt Nam, nhung Nha nude ta

da co nhieu van ban phdp luat quy dinh mdt sd' vd'n dd co ban vd ndi dung dia

vi phap ly cua ngubi nud'c ngoai b Vidt Nam Tuy nhidn, nhin v6 t6ng th£ thi nhung quy dinh nay con tan man o cac van ban Wide nhau, ndn khdng tranh khdi tinh trang chua ddy du, chap vd, trung dim, tao so’ hd cho nhung ngudi nude ngoai xa'u lqi dung boat ddng gay phuong hai cho an ninh - trdt tu cua nude ta Vdn de dat ra la phai tung budc hoan thidn mdi trubng phdp ly, quy dinh rd dia vi phdp ly cua ngubi nude ngoai o Vidt Nam phu hop vdi tu phdp qudc td, gdp phdn bao vd ngubi nude ngoai va ddu tranh ngan chan moi dm muu, hanh dong chd'ng phd, gdy thidt hai cho lqi l'ch qudc gia cua chung ta.

1.1.4 Quan ly Nha nude ve an ninh qudc gia

Quan ly Nha nude la mdt dang cua quan ly xa hdi Day la mdt qud trinh phurc tap, da dang Quan ly Nha nude cd hai pham vi rdng va hep Ndi pham vi rdng la d6 cdp den chute ndng cua ca bd may Nha nude, bao gdm ca

co quan lap phdp, hanh phdp va tu phdp; ebn pham vi hep la chute nang cua

co quan hanh phdp Theo quan didm cua Dang ta, quan ly Nha nude trdn ta't

ca cac linh vuc phai bang phdp luat va bang mdt co chd dam bao cho phdp luat cua Nha nude duqc ton trong, thuc hidn dung dan

Theo gido trinh quan ly hanh chinh Nha nude cua Hoc vidn Hanh chinh Qudc gia (1994) thi: "Quan ly Nha nude Id su tdc ddng cd t6 chute vd didu chinh bang quydn luc Nha nude dd'i vdi cdc qud trinh xa hdi vd hanh vi hoat ddng cua con ngubi, do cdc co quan trong hd thd'ng hanh phdp va hanh chinh thuc hidn, de duy tri va phat tridn cdc md'i quan hd xa hdi va trdt tu phap luat, nham thuc hidn cdc chute ndng va nhidm vu cua Nhd nude trong cdng cudc xdy dung CNXH va bao vd t6 qud'c XHCN (17)

Nhu vdy, hidu theo nghla hep thi quan ly Nha nude Id su tdc ddng cd dinh hudng ro rang Theo cdc quy dinh cua Hidn phdp Vidt Nam tir trudc dd'n nay (1946, 1959, 1980 va 1992) thi hoat ddng cua quan ly Nha nude la hoat ddng cha'p hanh va didu hanh cua Nha nude, la mdt loai hoat ddng co ban

cua Nha nude Hoat ddng nay chu yd'u dupe giao cho hd thd'ng co quan hanh chinh Nha nude thuc hidn, do la cac chu thd quan ly Tuy thudc vao chuc nana, mdi chu thd quan ly co khdch thd, noi dung, hinh thurc va phuong phap quan ly riengi

Quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia la mot chufc nang cua quan ly Nha nude Trong nganh an ninh, day la mdt khai nidm mdi, chua dupe cac nha khoa hoc, cac nha nghidn cuu, cac can bd quan ly, lanh dao ddu tu nghidn cuu Vi vdy, dd'n nay vdn chua dua ra dupe mdt khai nidm thd'ng nhd't, hoan chinh

Trong bai "Md'y vd'n de quan ly Nha nude vd cdng tdc an ninh"(39), tac gia Trdn Dai Quang cho rdng "Quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh la quan ly cac llnh vuc an ninh chinh tri, an ninh kinh td', an ninh van hoa-tu tubng dupe cd'u thanh tong thd an ninh qud'c gia" Khai nidm nay tuy con don gian, chua phan anh dupe ddy du ban chd't, noi dung, phuong phap quan ly Nha nude trdn linh vuc an ninh qud'c gia, nhung nd phan dnh tuong dd'i ddy dii noi ham cua khai nidm nay Cd quan didm cho rdng quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh la quan ly vide thuc hidn nhidm vu bao vd an ninh da dupe xac dinh trong cac van kidn cua Dang va Nha nude; quan ly lire lupng an ninh va quan ly cdc hoat ddng phong ngua, ddu tranh bao vd ANQG, phuc vu su nghidp phdt tridn kinh td' - xa hdi Khai nidm nay vira thid'u, vita khdng chudn xdc, boi le quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia khdng chi Id chuc nang ridng cua luc lupng an ninh

Theo chung tdi, ca hai khdi nidm trdn b khfa canh nay hay khua canh khde da phdn nao ndu ldn dupe ndi dung cua quan ly Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia Tuy nhidn, dd dua ra dupe mdt khdi nidm hoan chinh hon, edn can

cu vao ndi dung thudt ngu an ninh qud'c gia Theo quan didm chung hidn nay thi an ninh qud'c gia bao gdm: an ninh chinh tri, an ninh kinh td', an ninh van hod-tu tubng, an ninh xa hdi, trong dd an ninh chinh tri giu vi tri chi

phoi An ninh chinh tri duqc hidu la che dd, th6 che chinh tri va cac quydn d^n tdc tu quyd't gom doc Up, chu quydn th d'ng nha't va toan ven lanh thd cua

to quoc

TO noi ham cua khai nien ANQG noi trdn, co thd rut ra kd't luan: Quan

ly Nha nude ve ANQG la tdc dong cd to chide vd duqc dieu chinh bang phap luat, theo nguyen tdc phdp che cua cdc ca quan trong he thong hanh phdp nhdm dam bao su ton tai vung chdc cua che do chinh tri - chu quyen quoc gia dd duqc Hien phdp ghi nhan, dam bao su 6n dinh chinh tri, phdt trien kinh te xd hoi theo dinh hudng cua Bang cam qu$en; phong ngida cdc vi pham phdp luat true tiep hoac gidn tiep gay phuong hai den su ben vung cua cdc the che quan trong thudc che do chinh tri, che dd kinh te - van hod - xd hoi cua nude ta.

Nhu vay, quan ly Nha nude vd ANQG la hoat ddng cua cdc co quan, cac luc luqng, cac to chuc va ca nhan cd tham quy£n trong linh vuc xay dung

va bao vd an ninh qud'c gia, da'u tranh ngan’ngua, phat hidn, xu ly moi hanh

vi gay phuong hai dd'n doc lap, chu quydn, thong nha't va toan ven lanh thd cua Td qud'c, an ninh chinh tri va cac quan hd xa hdi khac giu vai tro chi phd'i

an ninh chinh tri Quan nidm nhu trdn khdng chi giup ta phan bidt duqc ban cha't cua quan ly Nha nude vd ANQG, ma edn phan bidt su khac nhau giua khdi nidm nay vdi khai nidm ddng loai la quan ly Nha nude vd trat tu an toan

xa hoi

Quan ly Nha nude trong linh vuc an ninh I4 trach nhidm chung cua cac nganh, cdc ca'p Theo nguyen tdc: "Dang lanh dao, Nha nude quan ly, nhan dan lam chu" thi chu thd quan ly Nha nude trong linh vuc an ninh la Nha nude Tuy nhidn d day khdng phai la Nha nude noi chung, ma la nhung co Quan Nha nude chiu trdch nhidm true tid'p bao ve an ninh qud'c gia, trong dd

Bd Ndi vu la co quan giu vi tri trung tarn Cdng an nhan dan (trong dd cd luc

lucmg an ninh-nhdn dan) dupe Hidn phdp va phap ludt xdc dinh la chu the nong cd't trong quan 1}' Nha nude trdn linh virc bao vd an ninh qudc gia.

1.1.5 Quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai

al Nhitng dac trung co' ban cua quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai

Nha nude Vidt Nam thuc hidn chdc ndng quan ly dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai, nhdm bao vd an toan tinh mang, sure khoe, tai san va nhung hoat ddng hop phdp cua hp trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam; tao moi didu kidn dd hp thuc hidn cac quydn va nghTa vu theo phap ludt Vidt Nam va phdp luAt qudc td Ddng thdi thdng qua quan ly nhdm phdt hidn, ngan ngira, xu ly moi hanh vi vi pham phdp luat xAm hai ddn ddc ldp, chu quydn, toan ven lanh thd va an ninh

- trat tu cua Vidt Nam

Nhin lai lich su phat tridn cua Nha nude Vidt Nam tu khi ra doi ddn nay, chung ta thd'y o bdt cur giai doan nao cdng tac quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngubi nude ngoai cung ludn ludn la mdt trong nhung nhidm vu hdt sue quan trong trong hoat ddng cua Nha nude, phuc vu dubng ldi, chinh sach doi noi

va dd'i ngoai Hoat ddng nay dupe giao cho hd thdng cdc co quan quan ly Nha nude, cdc td chuc xa hdi, doan thd qudn chung (dupe Nha nude trao quydn) thuc hidn Chfnh trong hoat ddng cua cdc co quan nay da phan dnh rdt ro net cdc dac trung co ban cua quan ly Nha nude do'i vdi ngubi nude ugoai Nhung dac trung dd Id:

Mot la, qudn ly ngudi nude ngoai la mdt dang hoat ddng mang tinh

Id chdc vd dieu chinh bang phdp luat o' mdc dd cao

Cung nhu cdc hoat ddng quan ly Nhd nude khde, quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngubi nude ngoai thuc ch At la su tdc ddng cd t6 chdc va dupe didu chinh b^ng phap ludt Ldnin day: "Dd quan ly td't, edn phai bid't t6 chuc vd mat thuc

ti6n" (4) cac quan xa h<5i phdt sinh trong llnh vuc quan ly ngudi nude ngoai bao gid cung co ydu td nude ngoai Vi vAy, hoat ddng mang tinh td

chile d day dupe thd hidn: Thd nhd't la hoat ddng true tid'p cua Nha nude

thdng qua cdc co quan churc nang trdn llnh vuc quan xua't nhap canh, cu tru, di lai, hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai o Vidt Nam Thu: hai nd la hoat dong phai dupe dam bao ve phuong didn td chuc (bd may) chuydn trdch Td chde dupe hinh thanh do nhu cAu quan ly Nha nude rA't quan trong va doi hdi phai mang tinh khoa hoc cao dd dam bao cho nd hoat dong cd hidu qua Thuc td' cho tha'y, khdng cd td chile thi quan ly se bi budng long, so hd va kdm hidu qua, tham chi dan dd'n tinh trang vd chinh phu

Dd quan ly ngudi nude ngoai, Nha nude thdng qua kdnh phap luat dd

td chile bd may va quy dinh chi tid't cac khudn mAu xu su cua cdc bd mdy quan ly cung nhu cua ngudi nude ngoai trong cac quan hd xa hdi cu thd Hon

ai hd't, ngudi nude ngoai rA't quan tam va ddi hdi co quan quan ly phai can cu vao phap luat, theo phap luat khi ddi xu, quan hd vdi ho Chinh vi vAy ma o llnh vuc quan ly nay mure do dieu chinh bang phap luat dupe dac biet chu y

dam bao cho phap luat dupe ch dp hanh nghidm chinh, phdp chd' XHCN dupe ton trong.

Ba la, so vdi quan ly Nha nude trong cdc linh vuc khac, quan ly ngudi nuoc ngoai cd su each biet rd rdng ve mat xd hoi giua ngudi quan ly

vd ngudi bi quan ly, tdc la giua chu the vd khach the quan ly Trong moi

quan hd phap ly, cdc t6 churc, cd nhdn, phdp nhdn nude ngoai ludn ludn ddng vai tro la khdeh th£ quan ly Vd phuong didn chu thd quan ly, do tinh chd't da dang cua muc dfch ngudi nude ngoai nhdp canh Vidt Nam,, ndn hdu hdt cdc

co quan Ban, Nganh d Trung uong va dia phuong ddu tro thanh chu thd quan

ly ngudi nude ngoai Nhu vdy, toan bd hd thd'ng cdc co quan hanh chinh Nha nude, kd ,ca cdc co quan cd th dm quydn chung va co quan cd thdm quydn ridng d Trung uong va dia phuong ddu tham gia quan ly hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai theo churc nang, trong dd Bo Ndi vu la co quan quan ly vd nhdp canh, xud't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai trdn lanh thd CHXHCN Vidt Nam Con xet vd phuong didn khach thd quan ly, thi dd la ngudi nude ngoai, khdng phai la cong dan Vidt Nam Chinh dac trung nay quy dinli nhung ydu cdu, ddi hoi ridng cd trong edng tdc quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai, ba't kd ho thudc quydn quan ly cua chu thd nao

b/ Nhung van de chung ve quan ly Nha nude doi vdi ngudi nude ngoai

Quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi ngudi nude ngoai la mdt pham tru rdng ldn, bao gdm cdc hoat ddng quan ly cua hd thd'ng cdc co quan lip phdp, hanh phap va tu phdp cua Nha nude dd'i vdi hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai trdn

^t ca cdc linh vuc tai Vidt Nam Tuy nhidn, trong pham vi nghidn cun cua

an, chung tdi chi gidi han o vide phdn tich cdc churc nang quan ly ngudi

ninfc ngoai cua Bd Ndi vu la chu yd'u Dd la quan ly Nha nude vd nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam.

Didu 17, Khoan cua Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua neudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam quy dinh: "Quan ty Nha nude vd nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam bao gdm:

- Ban hanh phdp luat vd nhap canh, xua't canh, qud canh, muon dudng Viet Nam, cu tru, di lai tai Viet Nam

- Ca'p phdp nhap canh, xua't canh, qud canh Vidt Nam va di lai trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam; ca'p, gia han, sua ddi, bd sung, huy bd cdc loai thi thuc cua Vidt Nam

- Qudn ly bang phdp luat doi vdi cdc hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam

Quan ty Nha nude dd'i vdi cdc hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam duqc thuc hidn dua trdn co sd phdp luat Vidt Nam va cdc Didu udc qud'c td' m& Vidt Nam ky kd't hoac tham gia

Da sd' ngubi nude ngoai o Vidt Nam cd dia vi phdp ty theo chd' dd dai qud'c dan, do dd vide didu chinh cdc hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Nam, thuc cha't da quy dinh tai hdu hd't cdc van ban phdp luat, phdp quy

cua Nha nude ta, tir Hien phap den cac Bo luat hinh str, Bd luat dan str, Luat lao dong, cac Phap ldnh, Nghi dinh Ddi tupng dieu chinh cua cac van ban nay khdng chi la cdng dan va cac td chuc cua Vidt Nam ma con ca cdng dan

va cdc td churc nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam Trong dd ngudi nude ngoai dupe xac dinh la mot chu thd dac bidt

Cac didu udc qud'c te ma Vidt Nam la mdt ben ky kd't hoac tham gia cd ra't nhidu dang nhu: cac Hidp dinh song phuong, da phuong; Didu Id cua cac

td churc qud'c td' ma Vidt Nam la thanh vidn; tham chi k£ ca mdt sd' Didu udc qud'c te tuy Vidt Nam khdng tham gia nhung thua nhan va thuc hidn theo nguydn tac cd di, cd lai

Pham vi didu chinh cua cac Dieu udc qud'c td' cd lidn quan dd'n hoat dong cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam cung ra't rdng Vi du: Va'n de uu dai, midn true ngoai giao, lanh su; va'n dd uu dai cho cdng dan cdc bdn xua't nhap canh, cu tru, di lai o trdn lanh tho nude bdn kia; va'n dd tuong trp tu phap dupe xay dung trdn co so "thoa thuan ridng", trong dd dac bidt quan trong la cdc uu dai ridng, vi vdy ndi dung cdc Didu udc qud'c te thudng khdng hoan toan "khdp" vdi quy dinh chung cua phdp luat trong nude Vi du: ndi chung ngudi nude ngoai nhap, xua't canh Vidt Nam phai cd thi thuc do co quan cd tham quydn cua Vidt Nam cd'p, nhung dd'i vdi cdng dan cua mdt sd' nude ma Vidt Nam va nude dd da thoa thuan bai midn thi thuc cho cdng dan hai bdn ndi ridng thi lai dupe midn (31) Hoac ndi vd quydn dupe midn trur trach nhidm hinh su dd'i vdi quan churc ngoai giao nude ngoai vi pham phdp luat nude sd tai Vd nguydn tac, giura phap luat trong nude vdi cdc Didu udc qud'c td' ndu trdn nd'u cd didm nao trai ngupc nhau thi phai thuc hidn theo cdc Didu udc qud'c td' dd

Vdi dac didm cua cdc van ban phdp luat Vidt Nam va cdc Didu udc

c ud'c td' lidn quan den ngudi nude ngoai nhu da trinh bay o trdn; dd cd thd

c im bao "quan ly theo phdp luat’ ddi hdi ngudi can bd quan ly ndi chung,

can bd cdng an ndi ridng phai cd kid'n thurc co ban v& phap luat va hd thd'ng hod phdp ludt, hidu va van dung mdt cdch thdng nha't cdc van ban luat, van ban phdp quy cua Nha nude; giua phdp luat Vidt Nam vdi cdc Didu udc qudc td' ma Vidt Nam la mdt bdn ky kd't hodc tham gia Khi giai quyd't mdt cdng vide hay xu ly mdt vu vide lidn quan den ngudi nude ngoai nha't thid't phai dua trdn co sd phdp luat.

Nhdn xet vd cdc van ban phdp luat cua Vidt Nam trong quan ly ngubi nude ngoai, cd y kid'n cho rdng edn xdy dung mdt bd luat ridng vd quan ly ngubi nude ngoai dd ho dd ndm duqc va thuc hidn ddng thbi cung dd cdc co quan quan ly Nhd nude de dp dung, trdnh tinh trang tan man nhu hidn nay Y kid'n ndy cd ve nhu hop ly, song trdn thuc td' thi khdng thd thuc hidn duqc Khi ngubi nude ngoai da hoat ddng trdn hdu hd't cdc linh vuc dbi sd'ng xa hdi, tdc la phdp luat cung phai didu chinh cdc hoat ddng cua ho trdn ta't ca cdc linh vuc Trong khi dd, khd cd thd cd mdt van ban nao cd thd didu chinh duqc ta't ca cdc quan hd xa hdi cd lidn quan dd'n ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam

- Cdc cor quan qudn ly Nha nude chuyen nganh

Ndi dd'n hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai, thdng thubng ngubi ta chu </ nhidu dd'n hoat ddng nhap canh, xua't canh, qud canh, cu tru, di lai cua hp, trong khi dd thi nhap, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai chi la mdt bd phan trong hoat

<dpng cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam Cd thd ndi nhap canh va xua't canh chi la cdng doan ddu tidn va cdng doan kd't thuc cua mdt qud trinh cu tru va hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam Do dd'n Vidt Nam vdi nhidu muc dfch khde nhau: lam vide, hoc tap, kinh doanh ddu tu, tham quan du Hch, chua bdnh, giai quyd't nhung va'n dd hdn nhan gia dinh, va'n dd tai san cbo ndn hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai chfnh la tap hop cdc hanh vi nhdm thVc hidn muc dfch dd

Quan ly Nha nude ddi vdi hoat dong cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nam la edng vide thudc tham quydn va trach nhiem cua nhidu co quan Nha nude theo cdc goc do quan ly chuydn nganh khde nhau (cdc Bd, Nganh, dia phuong) Vf du: quan ly hoat ddng nhap khau, xua't khau, qua canh hang hod, phuong tidn thudc churc nang cua nganh Hai quan; giai quyd't va'n dd hdn nhan gia dinh (lay vq, la'y chdng, xin con nudi) thudc chuc nang cua nganh

Tu phdp

Nhu vay, co quan quan ly Nha nude chuydn nganh la co quan duqc Chinh phu giao tham quydn (thay mat Chinh phu) thuc hidn mdt edeh ddy du cdc ndi dung quan ly Nha nude trdn mot linh vuc cu thd (goi la linh vuc chuydn nganh) Tham quydn quan ly nay g6m 6 loai edng vide la: Ban hanh cdc van ban phap quy (Thdng tu, Quy dinh, Hudng dan ) cd gia tri dd cdc

co quan Nha nude, td churc xa hdi va moi edng dan thuc hidn; Ca'p phdp cdc hoat ddng; Quan ly hoat ddng; Xir ly vi pham; Thd'ng kd Nha nude; Thuc hidn hop tac qud'c td' chuydn nganh

Chang han, nganh Hai quan la co quan Nha nude, quan ly chuydn nganh trdn linh vurc xua't, nhap khau, qua canh hang hod, phuong tidn Tdng cue Hai quan cd tham quydn ra van ban hudng dan thuc hidn, giam sdt va xu

ly vi pham d linh vuc nay Quy dinh cua Tdng cue Hai quan va hoat ddng quan ly Nha nude cua nganh Hai quan d linh vuc nay phai duqc cdc Bd, cdc Nganh, dia phuong va moi edng dan, moi td churc nude ngoai cd hang hod, phuong tidn xua't, nhap khau, qua canh tdn trong va thuc hidn

Can cd Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ugoai tai Vidt Nam ngay 21/12/1992 cua Hdi ddng Nha nude va Nghi dinh 17/CP ngay 30/3/1993 cua Chinh phu, hudng dan thuc hidn Phdp ldnh nay, thi Bd Ndi vu la co quan quan ly Nha nude chuydn nganh trdn linh vuc nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam Bd Ndi vu

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a mdt trong nhung co quan cd tham quydn tham gia vao hdu hd't cdc hoat

ddng quan ly Nha nude noi chung va dd'i vdi hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai ndi ridng, nhung chi quan ly chuydn nganh trdn mdt linh vtfc dd la nhap, xua't canh, cu tru di lai Trude day, Bd Ndi vu cd thuc hidn vide ca'p gia'y phdp ldi

xe cho ngudi nude ngoai (thudc churc nang cua co quan quan ly chuydn nganh) nhung nay phan vide nay da chuydn tra cho Bd Giao thdng - Van tai

Can cd Quy chd' quan ly doan ra, doan vao va ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh 12/CP ngay 01/12/1992 (28) va Nghi dinh 17/CP ngay 30/3/1993 cua Chinh phu (30) thi giua cdc nganh chuc nang cd phan cdng trdch nhidm quan

ly ra't cu thd:

+ Bo Ndi vu: Thd'ng nhd't quan ly va thuc hidn ddy du cac ndi dung quan ly Nha nude dd'i vdi cdc hoat ddng nhap, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam; chiu trdch nhidm trudc Nha nude vd an ninh qud'c gia, trat tu an toan xa hdi, dd'i vdi ta't ca cac hoat ddng cua cd nhan vd td churc nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam

+ Bo Ngoai giao: La co quan quan ly chuydn nganh vd dd'i ngoai, cd

trach nhidm thd'ng nhd't quan ly hoat ddng dd'i ngoai cua cdc Bd, nganh, dia phuong; phoi hop vdi Bd Ndi vu trong quan ly xua't nhap canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam; True tid'p quan vd giai quyd't thu tuc cho ngudi nude ngoai, dupe hudng quydn uu dai midn trir ngoai giao, lanh su

+ Cdc nganh, dia phuong ddn va lam vide vdi ngudi nude ngoai (co

quan chu quan) cd trach nhidm:

- Lap kd' hoach, chuan bi ndi dung chuong trinh lam vide cu thd vdi tung doan dd dam bao chu ddng, hidu qua

- Cung ca'p ddy du thdng tin edn thid't' vd nhan su ngudi nude ngoai xin vao Vidt Nam (do co quan minh mdi, ddn) vd chuong trinh hoat ddng cua ho d£ Bd Ndi vu cd co sd xdt duydt, ca'p phdp va chu ddng bd' tri cdng tdc nghidp

vu hodc cd ke hoach bao vd an toan cho khach trong thbi gian hoat ddng tai Vidt Nam.

- Thay mat khdch lam cdc thu tuc edn thid't vdi cdc co quan quan ty chuydn nganh dam bao cho cdc hoat ddng cua ho tai Vidt Nam dung phdp luat; Chiu trdch nhidm true tid'p quan ly, hudng ddn khdeh, dam bao hoat dong cua khach dung phdp luat Vidt Nam tir khi ho nhap canh ddn khi ho xua't canh

Xac dinh rd trdch nhidm trdn day, vide quan ly hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam, trdch nhidm chinh thudc vd cdc co quan chu quan;

Bd Ndi vu cd trdch nhidm hudng din va ddn dd'c co quan chu quan thuc hidn dung quydn va nghia vu dupe phdp luat quy dinh

d Qudn ly nhap xuat canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Viet Nani

Nhu da trinh bay trdn, quan ly hoat ddng cua ngubi nude ngoai cd rd't nhidu ndi dung Quan ly nhap xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam la hoat ddng thudc pham vi quan ty Nha nude chuydn ngdnh cua Bd Ndi vu

* He thdng co' quan qudn ly nhap, xuat canh vd cdc co quan giai quyet thu tuc

Theo Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngubi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam vi Nghi dinh sd' 17/CP ngay 30/3/1993 cua Chfnh phu thi

hd thdng co quan quan ty nhap, xua't canh chuydn nganh thudc Bd Ndi vu gdm: Co quan quan ty xua't, nhap canh Trung uong va co quan quan ty xua't, nhap canh dia phuong Bd Ndi vu giao'cho Cue quan ty xua't, nhap canh (Al8) la don vi chuydn trdch trong linh vuc nay 0 cdc dia phuong Id cdc phbng quan ty xua't, nhap canh (PA 18) ndm trong Cdng an cdc tinh, thanh

phd' true thudc Trung uong VI vay, vd mat quan ly Nha nude edng khai thi

hd thd'ng cu quan quan ly xua't, nhap canh gdm Al8 va cdc PA 18; edn n6i vd quan ly nghidp vu cua nganh Cdng an thi ta't ca cdc luc lupng nghidp vu tur

Bd den dia phuong ddu cd nhidm vu giai quyd't tung khau, tirng vide, trdn tumg linh vuc, dia ban theo chile nang va ddu ndm trong hd thd'ng nay

Vide giai quyd't cdc thu tuc lidn quan dd'n nhap, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai, vira do hd thd'ng co quan quan ly chuydn nganh cua

Bd Ndi vu thuc hidn, vua cd su phan edng cho mdt sd' co quan khde thuc hidn

Dd thuc hidn chuc nang cu thd trong linh vuc xua't, nhap canh, co quan quan ly xuat, nhap canh cua Bo Noi vu co trach nhiem:

- Kidm tra nhan su hoac cdp phdp nhap canh; kidm tra kidm sodt vide nhap xua't canh qua cdc cua khau dd'i vdi ta't ca ngudi nude ngoai nhap canh, xua't canh va qua canh Vidt Nam

- Cap, sua ddi, bd sung, huy bd tai Vidt Nam: churng nhan tarn tru, thudng tru va cac loai thi thuc ca'p cho ngudi nude ngoai (trur nhung ngudi dupe hudng uu dai, midn trir ngoai giao, lanh su do Bd Ngoai giao lam thu tuc)

- Quan ly tarn tru va thudng tru

- Cap gia'y phep vao khu vuc cdm

- Xu phat vi pham hanh chinh trong linh vuc nhap, xua't canh, cu tru,

di lai Bude xua't canh, tarn hoan xua't canh va true xua't khdi lanh thd CHXHCN Vidt Nam dd'i vdi ta't ca ngudi nude ngoai trong trudng hpp edn thid't

Bo Ngoai giao cd chuc nang, nhidm vu theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Ehdu 18 Phdp ldnh nhap canh, xua't canh, cu tru, di lai cua ngudi nude ngoai tei Vidt Nam, nhu: lam thu tuc lidn quan dd'n thi thuc v& chung nhan tarn tru

^df vdi ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam dupe hudng quydn uu dai, midn tru

ngoai giao, lanh sir, (Bd Ngoai giao tham gia lam thu tuc theo phan cdng, khdng phai la co’ quan quan ly xua't nhap canh) Bd Ngoai giao giao cdng vide nay cho Cue lanh sir la don vi chuydn trach giup Bd trudng Bd Ngoai giao theo ddi, quan ly va thuc hidn nhidm vu theo quy dinh tai Khoan 3 Di6u

18 cua Phdp ldnh da ndu

Cdc co' quan dai dien ngoai giao, lanh su cua Viet Nam o' nude ngodi: lam thu tuc cho phdp hodc khdng cho phdp tai nude ngoai dd'i vdi ta't

ca ngudi nude ngoai xin nhap, xua't canh Vidt Nam

-Nhin chung, vide ca'p thi thuc cho khdeh nhap canh; cdc co quan dai didn ngoai giao, lanh su cua Vidt Nam d nude ngoai thuc hidn theo thdng bdo hoac theo uy quydn cua Bo Ndi vu va Bd Ngoai giao Mdt sd' trudng hop dac bidt Dai sd dupe quydn tu quyd't dinh ca'p thi thuc cho khach nhap canh rdi thdng bdo vd nude (cdc trudng hop ddi ngoai va nhan dao dac bidt)

* Cdc to chftc quan ly ngudi nude ngodi cua nganh Cdng an

Nhu da ndu d phdn trdn, quan ly hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai tai Vidt Nam cd su tham gia cua hdu hd't cdc luc lupng nghidp vu cua Bd Ndi vu

td Trung uong dd'n dia phuong

Cdc nude trdn thd' gidi ddu thuc hidn quan ly vd kidm sodt hoat ddng cua ngudi nude ngoai va kidu dan cua ho Tuy nhidn, xua't phdt tir muc tidu chinh tri, truydn thd'ng, luat Id va didu kidn thuc td' cua mdi nude ma dinh ra

hd thdng quan khde nhau 0 nude ta, xua't phdt tir ydu cdu quan chat che, dung phdp luat vira tao didu kidn thuan loi cho ngudi nude ngoai qua lai, hoat ddng hop phdp, vira phdng ngira ngdn chan cdc hanh vi pham phdp, dac bidt la da'u tranh chd'ng gidn didp va cdc hanh ddng thu dich khde, ndn Bd Ndi vu giao cdng tdc nay cho luc lupng an ninh chu tri; cdc lire lupng Canh