Ecotourism an orientation for the development of tourism in cu lao cham, hoi an town

INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study

The reason for the study

The Cll Lao Cham archipelago plays a crucial role in protecting the World Heritage Site of Hoi An from ocean threats, while also emerging as a popular travel destination known for its serene beauty and relaxed atmosphere The islands boast a rich ecosystem that has long sustained local communities, and the surrounding marine area holds significant potential for eco-tourism development Additionally, archaeological findings highlight the cultural and historical significance of the Cham Islands Leveraging these assets could greatly enhance eco-tourism opportunities in the region.

Developing ecotourism in Cll Lao Cham is essential for preserving its coral reefs, as highlighted by Vo (2002), who emphasizes the urgent need for coastal and marine protected areas to combat damage from human activities and natural forces This eco-tourism initiative not only serves as a management strategy for the islands' Marine Protected Area (MPA) but also has the potential to attract a significant number of tourists Such an influx of visitors could enhance the living standards and livelihoods of the island community, primarily comprised of impoverished fishing households.

Objective of the study

This study aims to examine the potential of the Cham Islands for eco-tourism development It will analyze the current state of tourism in Cll Lao Cham and offer recommendations for enhancing eco-tourism opportunities on the islands.

This study employs a data analysis approach, utilizing sources from newspapers, magazines, and online platforms, along with descriptive statistics Additionally, secondary data is sourced from the Department of HQi An Commercial and Tourism.

Scope of the study

This article explores the eco-tourism potential of the island and outlines a development orientation without specifying strategies for any particular type of eco-tourism.

The organization of the study

The thesis will be organized into five chapters:

Chapter I: Introduction to the thesis

Chapter 2: A literature review of eco-tourism

Chapter 3: The current situation of Cli Lao Cham tourism

Chapter 4: Eco-tourism in Cli Lao Cham

Chapter 5: Some recommendations for the development of eco-tourism in

Cli Lao Cham and Conclusion.

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF ECOTOURISM 2.1 Definitions of ecotourism

The role of ecotourism for protected areas

Tourism and ecotourism play a crucial role in the management strategies for protected areas, guided by comprehensive planning documents prepared by area managers (Drumm, 2002) These management plans evaluate regional and cultural resources, identifying stresses and threats to the area's natural and cultural integrity while outlining long-term management objectives and zoning schemes for various activities The relationship between eco-tourism and protected areas is symbiotic, as eco-tourism relies on these areas, and in turn, they benefit from eco-tourism When implemented correctly, eco-tourism serves as an ideal sustainable management strategy, aiming to minimize ecological impact, economically support local communities, respect local cultures, involve all stakeholders in development, and monitor both positive and negative impacts.

Principles of sustainable development in terms of ecotourism

Ecotourism leverages natural resources to benefit communities while adhering to sustainable development principles Key aspects include sustainable resource use, minimizing waste, and integrating tourism with master development plans It also emphasizes supporting local economies, educating tourism staff, and providing marketing insights about landscapes and historical sites Ongoing research and monitoring are essential for addressing challenges faced by visitors and tourism companies, alongside engaging in discussions with local stakeholders to find solutions.

2.4 Development of eco-tourism in Vietnam

In recent years, the Vietnamese government has prioritized tourism development, recognizing it as a key industry in the nation's economic strategy since a resolution on June 22, 1993 Authorities in Vietnam acknowledge the substantial benefits of eco-tourism and emphasize the importance of sustainable practices in this sector.

7 promote ecotourism and preservation of natural resources through appropriate management, so as to avoid the destruction that can be caused by mass tourism.

Vietnam boasts a vast coastline of 3,260 kilometers, featuring numerous islands such as Cat Ba, Phu Quoc, and Con Dao The coastal region is home to diverse ecosystems, including sand dunes, marshes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, and rock cliffs The country is rich in biodiversity, with 273 mammal species, 1,000 bird species, 180 reptile species, 500 freshwater fish species, 2,000 marine fish species, and thousands of invertebrates The Vietnam Red Book highlights 365 endangered animal species and 356 endangered plant species Due to this ecological richness, the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism has identified 81 ecological areas, which encompass 53 tourist destinations and resorts, 12 bird sanctuaries, 7 garden houses, and 9 other sites.

Empirical studies about Cham Islands

Numerous studies have explored the tourism potential of Cham Islands, with one research focusing on Vietnam's coral reefs revealing significant findings This study highlighted the density and species diversity of coral reef fish across ten examined locations, including Cu Lao Cham.

Cll Lao Cham is recognized for its significant biological value, leading experts and tourism professionals to assess it as having high potential for eco-tourism development (ADB, 1999).

Cll Lao Cham is recognized as a natural reserve area, offering diverse eco-tourism opportunities such as ecosystem exploration, adventure tours, and diving experiences This coastal destination is particularly favored by business travelers seeking scuba-diving adventures According to Mr Tdn Tra, the marketing manager, his company is in the process of seeking permission to establish a diving attraction in Cll Lao Cham, as reported by Da Niing Tourism newspaper.

Graeme, a diving expert at Rainbow Divers Centre in Nha Trang, highlights the allure of Cli Lao Cham as a premier diving destination With 135 species of coral, over 200 species of fish, 82 species of mollusks, and stunning coral reefs, this marine area is poised to attract thousands of tourists annually.

Sites No transects Average density Density range Species number

Table 1: Density (ind/SOOsquare meters) and species richness of coral reef at 10 studied areas of Vietnam

According to Heritage's Itinerary (2004:45), Mr Dlnh Hai, the manager of the Quang Nam Tourism Department, believes that ecological and cultural tourism are sustainable options for the province's tourism development He emphasized that Quang Nam province will prioritize transforming Cham Islands into a comprehensive tourist complex, featuring sea tours, forest tours, cultural-historical tours, and various other activities.

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF CD LAO CHAM TOURISM 3.1 Overview of Cli Lao Cham

Loca tion

Located at a latitude of 15°52' - 16°00' N and a longitude of 108°22' - 108°44' E, Cu Lao Cham, also known as Cham Islands, lies in the East Sea about 18 kilometers from Hoi An Town in Quang Nam Province.

Climate

Cll Lao Cham enjoys a mild climate with an annual average temperature of 25.6°C During the rainy season, temperatures range from 21°C to 22°C, while the dry season sees averages between 28°C and 29°C The region receives an annual rainfall of 2000 to 2400 millimeters and experiences approximately 2,158 hours of sunshine, with humidity levels averaging around 82 percent.

Topography and hydrology

Table 2: Distribution of land in CiJ Lao Cham

Cll Lao Cham is a group of islands which includes one large island and several smaller ones The largest island, Hon Lao island, has an area of 1,317 hectares.

Cham Islands boast a diverse topography characterized by two prominent peaks: the central peak rises to 517 meters, while the western peak reaches 326 meters Additionally, the Lao Cham marine area encompasses 5,175 hectares of water, with protected zones situated at the western end.

Cli Lao Cham consists of eight islands, each with unique and evocative names: Han Lao Island, Han Kh6 My Island, Han Kh6 Con Island, Han Tai Island, and Han La Island.

MQ Island, Hon N6m Island, and Han Ye'n Island are uniquely named based on their shapes and characteristics Han Lao Island, also known as Ong Island, is the largest and most populated Han Kho My Island and Han Kho Con Island are recognized for their arid soil, while Han Tai Island is distinctively ear-shaped Han La Island resembles a leaf, and Han MQ Island takes the form of a tomb Han N6m Island is known for its association with the south wind, and Han Ye'n Island serves as a shelter for swallows Additionally, three mountains, NgQa Long, Bat Long, and Ti€m But, rise from the scenic landscape of Cli Lao Cham.

Han Lao Island, the largest of the Cham Islands, rises to 500 meters and is home to lush natural forests, diverse woodlands, and rare wildlife The western coast features eight stunning beaches: Biii B~c, Biii Ong, Biii Lang, Biii Xe'p, Biii Ch6ng, Biii Elm, Biii Huang, and Biii Nh These islands serve as a sanctuary for valuable swallows and are surrounded by vibrant coral reefs A 2-kilometer coastal path leads through fishing villages inhabited by approximately 3,000 residents.

Cli Lao Cham, formerly known as Chiem Bilt Lao, was named after an ancient Cham tower that has since vanished Historically, the Cham Islands were referred to by various names, including Palaciam, Pulucham, and Tiem Bich La According to legend, this site served as the execution ground for prisoners of the Champa Kingdom.

However, some researchers did not agree with this legend They maintained that this was the sacred land of the Champa people, thus it couldn't be the place for prIsoners.

Cham islanders first settled on the islands 3,000 years ago, establishing trade relations with neighboring countries around 1,000 years ago From the 9th to the 15th century, the islands were part of the D~i Vi~i Chiem estuary, where you can explore the Cham Islands Experience the charm of the traditional fishing village at Lang Co beach, visit the historic Hai T~ng pagoda, and discover the small artificial lagoon of Au Thuy~n, a safe haven for fishermen during sudden storms Enjoy a refreshing swim and savor a delicious lunch at BITiCh6ng, making for an unforgettable excursion.

Tour 2:Two-day trip to Cham Islands from HQi An

Departing and arriving at E>~iChiem estuary It navigates the estuary to Cham Islands Visit a fishing village at Lang Co beach, Hai T~ng ancient pagoda The

Au Thuy~n is a small artificial lagoon that provides refuge for fishermen during sudden storms Visitors can enjoy lunch and swimming at BITiCh6ng, take a scenic trip to the Cham Islands to observe salangane nests, and savor dinner while experiencing traditional Vietnamese music performances Accommodations are available for an overnight stay in guest houses or tents at BITiCh6ng.

Hiking & visiting BITiHuang, Cham Island Visiting the temple honoring the founder of salangane nest collecting job, NgQc Huang meditation temple.

3.4.2.1 Types of entertainment a Visiting Cll Lao Cham marine protected areas on pleasure-boat: visitors can admire the variety of beautiful coral species in the crystal-clear sea water of Biii Biic, Biii Ong, Biii Xe'p, Biii Ch6ng, Biii Elm Pieces of diving equipment are available for tourists Helmsmen will give instruction on how to use them. b Spreading fishing-net or taking fishing trip: the friendly inhabitants of Cll Lao Cham will instruct tourists on how to spread fishing-net and how to catch fish with a net Tourists themselves can also go fishing. c Climbing mountain: mountain ranges here have standing cliffs in the east side and gentle slopes in the west side At Biii Lang, visitors can take hours to climb to the top of the mountain, and enjoy the panorama of Cham Islands.

The Cham Islands host traditional festivals that primarily involve local residents Two notable annual events are the Ancestor of Salangane Career Festival and the Five Fairies Festival, both celebrated exclusively on the islands.

The festival activities in Cu Lao Cham are integral to the broader celebrations in Hoi An and Quang Nam Notably, during the Quang Nam Heritage Festival 2005, the island hosted sailing parades, a cultural-sports festival, and traditional folk games Additionally, the "Impression of Hoi An Summer 2004" featured a dedicated tour program to Cham Islands, highlighting the significance of these events by allocating an entire week for Cham Islands activities this year.

I the islands include yachting, a night festival named Sea - Summer Night, an exhibition of antiques taken from wrecked ships, folk games and water sports.

In recent years, there has been growing interest among investors in the tourism potential of Cli Lao Cham, as highlighted by the Hoi An Commercial and Tourism Department Currently, five projects are planned for development at various sites including Biii Ong, Biii Xe'p, Biii Hlidng, Biii Elm, and Biii Ch6ng, aimed at enhancing infrastructure to attract tourists Despite these plans, the projects have yet to be realized, prompting Quang Nam province to actively seek investors to transform Cli Lao Cham into a prominent tourist destination Notably, the Cli Lao Cham Tourism Development and Investment Company, Saigontourist, and Hoi An Tourism Service Company have expressed interest in establishing resorts in the area.

AN OVERVIEW OF CD LAO CHA.M 4 I Ecotourism potentials

Difficulties of Cham Island tourism in development

The islands are adorned with stunning scenic spots, including Suối Tình (Love Stream), Suối Ông (Sir's Stream), Hon Chồng (the pile of rocks on Hon Khô My Island), and Hang Bà (The Lady's Cave) Visitors can also enjoy pristine beaches featuring clean white sand and crystal-clear waters, such as Bãi Ông, Bãi Bim, Bãi Chồng, and Bãi Bục.

Cli Lao Cham is renowned for its unique local specialties, including Vli Nang and Vli Sao (limpets) that cling to underwater stones, known for their distinct flavor Catching these shellfish is quite challenging Another local delicacy is Cua f)(i (stone-crab), which offers a unique taste Unlike other regions where dishes are typically accompanied by raw vegetables, meals in Cli Lao Cham are served with Rau Rung, or forest vegetables Additionally, the area is famous for its abundant seafood and delicacies, such as octopuses, lobsters, fish fins, abalone, and birds' nests.

4.2 Difficulties of Cham Islands tourism in development

To enhance tourism in Cham Islands, it is crucial to address key issues, particularly transportation, which currently limits tourist access For instance, travelers from Da Nang face a minimum one-hour bus ride to reach Hoi An town before embarking on the trip to Cu Lao Cham, with early boat departures complicating day trips Additionally, independent tourists find it challenging to visit the islands within a single day, as the boat schedule only allows a brief two-hour visit, arriving at Cu Lao Cham at 10 AM and returning at noon.

, have to join a group of tourists to be transported from one island to another because boat rental fee is very high for an individual.

Tourism in Cham Islands faces challenges due to the involvement of local, untrained staff, leading to a perception of the destination as less attractive The lack of professional tour guides and the presence of non-licensed operators for accommodation and transportation contribute to a negative experience for visitors While locals are eager to engage in the tourism business, the quality of services provided often leaves tourists feeling uncomfortable, resulting in a reluctance to return to this beautiful destination.

Ecotourism development in Cham Islands faces significant threats, primarily due to the over-exploitation of marine resources through destructive fishing practices like dynamite fishing and the use of small-mesh nets, stemming from the local population's poor economic conditions Additionally, the continual degradation of forests poses a serious risk to terrestrial biodiversity within the nature reserve These challenges are exacerbated by ineffective management of the protected area and a limited awareness of conservation issues among local communities.

The development of ecotourism in Cll Lao Cham faces challenges due to national defense regulations in the waters, which have also restricted the operation of certain marine entertainment activities.

Cua da Cu Lao Cham

Cu Lao Cham land crab

SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

Water activities

Coastal countries have embraced their topography to promote sea tourism activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, sea kayaking, and canoeing In Central Vietnam, the Cham Islands, located in the East Sea, have emerged as a prime destination for these water sports With clear waters, stable weather, and a rich marine ecosystem, the islands provide an ideal environment for diving and scuba diving, allowing adventurers to explore the captivating underwater world and appreciate its natural beauty.

Currently, Cham Islands is known for snorkeling, while scuba diving is just emerging Tourists typically receive training at Cii'a Da Nang is located in the central part of Vietnam which has diverse geographical features such as plains, mountains, forests, rivers, sea and islands.

Nearby are the Marble Mountains, the Hai Van Pass, Sdn Tra peninsula, and Ba

Da Nang is renowned for its stunning beaches, including Nam 6, Bac My An, My Khe, Thanh Binh, and Non Nuoc This city, with its significant tourist appeal, serves as a central hub for travelers exploring nearby attractions Additionally, Da Nang's visitors represent a valuable market for Cham Islands tourism, as the islands are conveniently located just 22 kilometers away and accessible via express passenger ships.

Da Nang City boasts Vietnam's most attractive international seaport, drawing thousands of tourists annually aboard renowned cruise ships like Star Leo, Norwegian Wind, and Elizabeth II This vibrant city is a key stop on global sea routes, catering to high-spending cruise passengers Looking ahead, the Cham Islands are poised to capture the interest of these affluent travelers.

Cham Islands, often overlooked by both locals and tourists in favor of more popular destinations like Hoang Sa, Truong Sa, and Con Dao, offer a unique blend of isolation and tranquility This peaceful environment serves as a significant advantage for attracting future visitors However, the common perception of Cli Lao Cham as a wilderness with limited livelihood needs to be addressed through a targeted marketing strategy to change this misconception and highlight its true potential.

In terms of advertising, the specific characteristics of Cham Islands must be identified Wild natural environment and high-quality salangane nests are

The Cham Islands offer a diverse range of tourism products, prominently featuring sea eco-tours and forest eco-tours To effectively cater to the target market for tourism in the Cham Islands, it is essential to consider strategic suggestions that enhance visitor experiences and promote sustainable practices.

To enhance tourism in Hoi An, it is essential to promote Cham Islands tours more effectively by collaborating with local travel companies Additionally, increasing the number of activities and events related to Cham Islands during Hoi An's festivals will further attract visitors and enrich the overall experience.

When planning a trip from Da Nang to Hoi An, a visit to the Cham Islands (Cu Lao Cham) is a must-see stop Additionally, consider offering weekend tours to the Cham Islands via express passenger ships, which can be effectively promoted in the Da Nang area.

Hon Ch6ng (pile of rocks)

Canvases at Rai Ch6ng

Fishing Village at Rai Htidng

Speed boat at Hon Lao island

This paper aims to investigate the potential of ecotourism to enhance the developmental trajectory of Cham Islands tourism Located in the East Sea of Vietnam, Cham Islands boast unique geographical, climatic, historical, biological, and cultural advantages that position them well for tourism growth The islands feature an ecological forest and a rich marine environment filled with coral reefs and diverse marine life Additionally, they are home to salangane birds, whose nests are found in intriguing caves The stunning landscapes, abundant seafood, and the simple lifestyle of local residents present significant opportunities for the future development of ecotourism in the Cham Islands.

As urban life becomes increasingly materialistic and stressful, the demand for tranquil getaways is driving tourists to destinations like Cham Islands With well-equipped resorts and facilities, Cham Islands is poised to attract a significant influx of both domestic and international visitors In the short term, it serves as a captivating destination for tourists from Quang Nam province's coastal resorts, while in the long run, it is set to welcome travelers from around the globe With its pristine beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and enchanting caves, Cham Islands promises to be a paradise for holidaymakers.

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Ng9c Anh (2002) 'Cli Lao Cham hoang sd rna ky thl1', NMn Dan Hang Thdng,

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Nguy€n Xuan Ttt (2001) 'Cli Lao Cham - Bi€m du Ijch sinh thai ky thU', The' Gioi Phl:lNil, 21 November, p 54.

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Phttdng Anh (2004) 'C6ng ty thttdng m~i HQi An dffy m:j.nh khai thac ti~m nang du ljch', Doanh Nghi?p Thuang Mq.i, 15 November, p.29. vii

Marketing plan

Cham Islands, often overlooked by both locals and tourists in favor of more popular destinations like Hoang Sa, Truong Sa, and Con Dao, offer a unique blend of isolation and tranquility This peaceful environment serves as a distinct advantage for attracting future visitors However, the common perception of Cli Lao Cham as a wilderness with limited livelihood needs to be addressed through a strategic marketing plan to change misconceptions and highlight its potential.

In terms of advertising, the specific characteristics of Cham Islands must be identified Wild natural environment and high-quality salangane nests are

The Cham Islands offer a diverse range of tourism products, focusing on sea eco-tours and forest eco-tours To effectively target the market for Cham Islands tourism, several strategic suggestions should be implemented.

To enhance tourism in Hoi An, it is essential for local travel companies to promote tours to the Cham Islands more effectively Additionally, increasing the number of activities and events related to Cham Islands during Hoi An's festivals will further attract visitors and enrich the cultural experience.

When visiting Hoi An from Da Nang, a must-see destination is the Cham Islands, which serve as a perfect stopover on your journey Additionally, consider offering weekend tours to the Cham Islands via express passenger ships, promoting these exciting trips within the Da Nang area to attract more visitors.

Hon Ch6ng (pile of rocks)

Canvases at Rai Ch6ng

Fishing Village at Rai Htidng

Speed boat at Hon Lao island

This paper examines the potential of ecotourism to enhance the developmental direction of tourism on Cham Islands Located in the East Sea of Vietnam, Cham Islands boast unique geographical, climatic, historical, biological, and cultural advantages that position them well for tourism growth The ecological forest, recently exploited, along with the rich marine biodiversity of coral reefs, highlights the islands' natural assets Additionally, the presence of salangane birds nesting in mysterious caves, combined with the stunning landscapes, delectable seafood, and the simple lifestyle of local residents, creates a strong foundation for future ecotourism development.

As urban life grows increasingly materialistic and stressful, the demand for tranquil retreats like Cham Islands is on the rise With well-equipped resorts and facilities, Cham Islands is poised to attract a significant influx of both domestic and international tourists Currently, it serves as a captivating destination for visitors from the coastal resorts of Quang Nam province, and in the long term, it aims to welcome travelers from around the globe With its pristine beaches, vibrant coral reefs, and enigmatic caves, Cham Islands is set to become a paradise for holidaymakers seeking relaxation and adventure.