选题意义
Idioms have been a distinctive component of the Chinese language from ancient times to the present With a rich history, many idioms are derived from historical anecdotes, fables, and classical literature, often spanning thousands of years and representing a valuable cultural heritage They possess profound meanings, are easy to recite, and encapsulate extensive historical, social, and cultural knowledge In contemporary society, idioms are deeply ingrained in the lives and souls of individuals, making them a common means of communication for both Chinese speakers and learners of the language.
Business negotiation idioms represent a unique segment of modern Chinese idioms, playing a crucial role in social and economic activities These negotiations are fundamental to initiating economic transactions, whether aiming to complete a sale or establish mutually beneficial partnerships During the negotiation process, first-time meetings can often lead to awkwardness or a dry atmosphere, which may hinder positive impressions Additionally, disputes or misunderstandings can arise, making it essential to use idioms that effectively convey one's intentions while showcasing knowledge and expertise.
Chinese idioms related to business negotiations are not only utilized in the economic field but also serve as a unique linguistic phenomenon across various aspects of social life Although there are few idioms specifically for business negotiations, they are rich in profound meaning and are concise, memorable, and practical Mastering the psychological nuances of the counterpart during negotiations and employing these idiomatic expressions can lead to desired outcomes Furthermore, a deeper exploration of these idioms enhances one’s understanding of the relationship between the Chinese language and business, while also enriching knowledge of Chinese cultural nuances.
On the other hand, there is an abundance of research on idioms, primarily focusing on their definitions, origins, and structures Some studies specifically examine idioms related to numbers, food, plants, animals, and weather.
Research on idioms in business negotiations is scarce, and there is a lack of in-depth studies, leaving learners with insufficient resources to fully grasp these expressions Exploring "idioms in business negotiations and their expressions" can lead to new definitions and results, enhancing Chinese language learners' understanding and practical application of idioms in real-world scenarios This study also serves as a valuable reference for Vietnamese Chinese language teaching and research.
For the reasons mentioned above, the author has decided to choose "Idioms and Their Expressions in Business Negotiation" as the topic for the Chinese language major's graduation thesis.
研究目的
通过此次的研究，本人希望能够达到以下的目的：
首先，旨在培养学生口译能力和交际能力。
Secondly, assist students in acquiring effective learning strategies and overcoming challenges in their studies, thereby fostering a positive attitude towards learning Chinese.
再次，对越南的汉语老师提供教学策略及建议。
Ultimately, I aim to provide valuable insights for Chinese language teaching research both domestically and internationally, while also enhancing the Chinese interpretation skills of students in the Department of Chinese at the Foreign Languages University of Hue, as well as Vietnamese students overall.
文献综述
3.1 关于成语研究现状
Throughout history, numerous scholars have researched Chinese idioms from various perspectives to gain a deeper understanding of their significance Some focus on the definitions, structures, and cultural aspects of these idioms, while others examine specific examples to explore their meanings and usage.
3.1.1成语定义研究
In his 1988 work "A New Interpretation of Chinese Idioms," Shi Shuhuan concludes that idioms are fixed phrases that are intricately structured according to both grammatical and rhetorical rules, conveying specific and profound meanings.
In "A Further Exploration of the Definition of Idioms" (1999), Mo Pengling analyzes the evolution of idiom definitions from the publication of "Ciyuan" in 1915 to "Nine Chapters of Idioms" by Ni Baoyuan and Yao Pengci in the early 1990s The author concludes that idioms should be understood in a way that truly reflects their nature.
“ 语 ” ， 是熟语的一种 。也说是说 ，成语应该是熟语中的固定短语 。
3.1.2成语文化研究
关于汉语文化内涵的方面有冯寿忠《成语文化及其研究的价值原则》
The article examines idioms as a reflection of culture, focusing on the study of "the culture of idioms." It explores the forms and content of idioms from a linguistic and cultural perspective, contributing to the understanding of "idioms in culture." Additionally, the article highlights the value principles associated with the research of idiomatic culture.
In "Thirty Years of Idiom Culture—My Academic Journey" (2011), Mo Pengling explores the close relationship between idioms and culture from four perspectives He argues that idioms represent the essence of Chinese linguistic culture, containing rich knowledge of ancient cultural elements Additionally, from both macro and micro viewpoints, he describes idioms as a "microcosm" of ancient Chinese language and culture Furthermore, the author believes that the abundant cultural resources embedded in idioms are ripe for development.
In his 2013 work "Cultural Significance of Idioms," Liu Yukai explores six key aspects of idioms: their origins, their relationship with cultural customs, their influence on life, their inherent interest, proper usage, and their connection to notable figures A significant focus of the discussion on idioms and cultural customs includes the examination of coin culture, culinary traditions, and clothing culture.
3.1.3成语结构研究
In her 2006 work, "The Structure and Phonetic Features of Idioms," An Liqing provides a concise overview of the historical and current research on idioms from three perspectives The study categorizes the origins of idioms from various angles and analyzes their structures It reveals that both the basic forms and the grammatical and semantic structures of idioms exhibit a distinct balance and symmetry.
3.1.4成语具体对象研究
Chen Mingwen's study, "A Study of Chinese Idioms Related to Traditional Chinese Medicine" (2010), and Che Fuxia's research on the cultural connotations of idioms associated with the twelve zodiac animals, highlight the significance of targeted idiom studies in understanding cultural and linguistic nuances.
In recent studies, such as Zhang Linzhu's exploration of the cultural connotations of plant-related idioms (2014), Chen Jing's analysis of military idioms in Chinese (2015), and Yang Cuilan's examination of modern four-character animal idioms (2019), the structural and semantic characteristics of idioms related to traditional Chinese medicine, the twelve zodiac animals, plants, and military themes have been elucidated These articles clarify the practical value of such idioms and propose a new cultural perspective for studying the Chinese language, thereby enriching the body of research in this field.
3.2 关于商务谈判的研究现状
3.2.1商务的研究
In the realm of business, Wang Zhonghua discusses teaching methods for commercial Chinese in "Teaching Methods for Business Chinese Oral Courses" (2008) He emphasizes the importance of vocabulary, pragmatics, and acquisition skills in language instruction Specifically, the author suggests that teachers should compile sentence patterns used in foreign trade conversations, focusing on expressions for introductions, greetings, welcomes, and well-wishes.
In "Polite Expressions in Foreign Trade Communication," Liu Liying emphasizes that using polite expressions is a crucial language strategy in foreign trade negotiations Mastering these expressions enables students to use language appropriately and effectively.
3.2.2 商务谈判的研究
In the realm of business negotiations, Liu Naihua's 1998 work, "The Characteristics of Negotiation Language in Business Chinese and Its Teaching," identifies five key features of negotiation language in business Chinese: normativity, argumentative nature, ambiguity, suggestiveness, and strategic use.
In her 2005 work, "Pragmatic Analysis of Negative Strategies in Chinese Business Negotiations," Luo Yanling examines the use of pragmatic principles such as the Cooperative Principle, Politeness Principle, and Face Theory to analyze negative strategies in Chinese business negotiations She highlights that negative expressions in these negotiations serve as a pragmatic strategy.
In the 2008 study "Analysis of Negotiation Conversations in Business Chinese Textbooks," Dan Xi employs conversation analysis theory to examine selected negotiation dialogues within business Chinese materials The research focuses on aspects such as conversational functions, adjacency pairs, turn-taking, and turn length By conducting empirical research and comparing these dialogues with authentic spoken Chinese corpora and general Chinese as a Foreign Language textbooks, the study identifies a series of distinctive characteristics of negotiation conversations in the examined materials.
In her 2013 study "Research on Discourse Interaction in Business Negotiation," Xie Qun conducted extensive field research, transcribing audio recordings of business negotiation activities into text She annotated relevant discourse markers and established a corpus of business negotiation discourse.
3.3 关于商务谈判中使用成语的研究现状
研究范围
本论文基本使用王理嘉、侯学超编著的《分类分成词典》中所收集
88 条与商务谈判有关的成语为研究对象，并针对结构、语义、表达方式
This article focuses on the study of idioms in business negotiations, specifically their fundamental meanings as defined in dictionaries.
研究方法
在研究此课题的过程，本人使用下列研究方法：
The article discusses two methods for analyzing Chinese idioms related to business negotiations First, a statistical approach is employed, utilizing the "Dictionary of Classified Words" by Wang Lijia and Hou Xuechao to provide a detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis of these idioms and their characteristics Second, a classification method is applied to categorize these idioms based on their usage throughout various stages of business negotiations, focusing on structural and semantic aspects, with meanings derived from the definitions provided in the dictionary.
The third method involves the description and analysis of Chinese idioms related to business negotiations, focusing on clarifying their structure and semantic characteristics.
第四，归纳法，对与商务谈判有关的汉语成语进行归类，提出最后的结论。
操作步骤
本人已经过以下几步骤：
The first step is to gather materials, primarily the "Dictionary of Classified Terms," along with the documents listed in the overview, various resources on Chinese idioms, and books related to business negotiations.
The second step involves gathering and categorizing materials; I will analyze the previously listed resources to identify idioms related to business negotiations and then classify them accordingly.
The third step involves analysis: I will analyze idioms related to business negotiations in terms of their structure and semantics Additionally, I will examine how these idioms are expressed within the context of business negotiations.
The conclusion of this study is drawn from the results and analysis presented, highlighting the key findings related to the specific topic addressed.
理论基础
成语的概括
1.1.1成语的定义
Throughout history, numerous researchers have explored the concept of Chinese idioms from various perspectives, arriving at similar conclusions The 2002 edition of the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" defines idioms as concise and refined fixed phrases or short sentences that have been long used by people, typically consisting of four characters and often having a specific origin Additionally, several linguists have provided noteworthy definitions that contribute to the understanding of this linguistic phenomenon.
In his 1973 work "Introduction to Idioms," Ma Guofan defines idioms as standardized phrases that are historically and culturally significant He notes that Chinese idioms primarily consist of monosyllabic components, with the fundamental structure typically comprising four syllables.
In 1979, the publication "A Study of Chinese Idioms" by Shi Shize defined idioms as expressions that have been long established in the language, characterized by fixed structural forms and components These idioms carry specific meanings that cannot be interpreted literally and function in sentences similarly to a word or a set phrase.
张静主编 1980 年出版的《新编现代汉语》中则认为：“成语是具有
定型性、整体性、古语性、习用性的固定词组。”
倪宝元 、 姚鹏慈 《成语九章》 中的定义是 : “成语是人们长期习用
的 、意义完整 、结构稳固 、形式简洁 、整体应用 的定型词组 。”
In the 1997 revised sixth edition of "Modern Chinese," edited by Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, idioms are defined as "fixed phrases that are traditionally used, rich in meaning, and characterized by a written language style."
The "Contemporary Chinese Dictionary" edited by Mo Heng and others defines idioms as concise and meaningful fixed phrases or short sentences that have been commonly used by people over a long period Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters.
The definitions of idioms in academia, while not uniform, exhibit notable similarities Generally, idioms are predominantly composed of four characters, with exceptions being rare.
Idioms, such as "风行一时" and "礼尚往来," exhibit a clear structural rigidity, distinguishing them from typical phrases that allow for free grammatical combinations These fixed expressions are inherited from written language and rely on the stability of language for their form Furthermore, idioms possess a sense of completeness, as their meanings are not solely derived from individual characters but are instead a broader interpretation based on the meanings of their components.
1.1.2 成语的来源
The origins of Chinese idioms are diverse, with various scholars offering different interpretations According to Hu Yushu in "Modern Chinese" (1995), idioms can be categorized into two main types: those derived from written sources and those passed down orally Zhou Zumo, in his "Selected Works" (2008), supports this classification but adds that written sources can be further divided into idioms from ancient fables or historical stories and those from classical literature Huang Borong and Liao Xudong, in "Modern Chinese" (2007), refine this classification, identifying four primary sources of idioms: 1) mythological fables, 2) historical stories, 3) poetic phrases, and 4) colloquial expressions This article will summarize idiom origins using Huang and Liao's categorization for clarity.
1.1.2.1来自神话寓言的成语
In ancient times, people lacked a proper scientific understanding and were unable to explain various natural phenomena When environmental changes occurred, such as wind, rain, thunder, and lightning, they often attributed these events to personified forces.
Mythology emerged as a form of unconscious artistic creation by humanity, often depicting chaos caused by monsters and divine interventions Fables, a literary genre characterized by satire and moral lessons, frequently employ metaphors and exaggeration to convey deeper truths or teachings, providing insights to the audience Notably, the works of pre-Qin philosophers commonly utilized fables to elucidate their principles.
关于神话的故事，如：
The legend of Jingwei filling the sea is one of China's ancient myths Jingwei, originally the daughter of Emperor Yan, named Nüwa, drowned while playing in the East Sea After her death, she transformed into a divine bird with a flower-like head, white beak, and red claws, which daily carries stones and vegetation from the mountains to the East Sea, emitting a mournful cry that echoes her call for vengeance Different research perspectives classify the "Jingwei filling the sea" myth into various types The idiom embodies the idea that, in ancient times, countless precious lives were lost to the sea, yet through Jingwei, who symbolizes humanity, there is a reflection of the ambition to conquer the ocean.
The story of "Jingwei Filling the Sea" inspires individuals to establish a strong determination to overcome difficulties It emphasizes that having an unwavering desire for victory is essential for persistent action, resilient effort, and the courage to face challenges head-on.
关于寓言的故事，如：
Once, a man had a flock of sheep, but one morning he discovered that one sheep was missing due to a hole in the sheepfold caused by a wolf Despite his neighbor's advice to repair the hole, he dismissed the suggestion, thinking it was pointless since the sheep was already gone The next morning, he found another sheep missing, realizing too late the importance of his neighbor's counsel Regretting his inaction, he quickly fixed the hole, ensuring that no more sheep would be taken by the wolf From that day on, his flock remained safe.
The story illustrates a valuable lesson: a sheep was taken by a wolf due to a gap in the sheepfold, highlighting the importance of addressing problems promptly This metaphor emphasizes that taking action to remedy a situation after an issue arises can help prevent further losses.
1.1.2.2来自历史故事的成语
Ancient culture and renowned figures have contributed to a rich tapestry of stories passed down through generations Idioms encapsulate the essence of these historical events and legendary tales by distilling their key elements, conveying deeper meanings and serving an educational purpose This concise expression not only enhances understanding but also facilitates the enduring transmission of idiomatic culture over millennia.
商务谈判的概括
1.2.1 商务谈判的定义
1.2.1.1 谈判的定义
The concept of "negotiation" is widely debated, and there is no consensus on its definition Various prominent viewpoints exist internationally regarding the meaning of negotiation.
American negotiation expert Gerald Daniel Buren defines negotiation as a straightforward concept with a broad and complex scope He asserts that whenever individuals exchange viewpoints to alter their mutual relationships and engage in discussions to reach an agreement, they are participating in negotiation.
French negotiation scholar Christophe Dupont defines negotiation in his book "The Behavior, Theory, and Application of Negotiation" as an activity that brings two or more parties face-to-face These parties hold opposing views due to their differences, yet they are interdependent They choose to adopt a practical attitude toward reaching an agreement to resolve their disputes and to create, maintain, and develop a certain relationship between them, even if only temporarily.
Negotiation is a commonly used method for resolving disputes in modern international relations It involves conflicting parties from different nations engaging in mutual communication to clarify their intentions and, after exchanging viewpoints, seeking to reach an agreement on the contentious issues at hand.
国内谈判专家关于谈判含义的主要观点如下：
In "Business Negotiation" (2004), Song Xianzhuo defines negotiation as a common activity that most people engage in daily This includes exchanging opinions, resolving differences in a harmonious atmosphere, or discussing matters to fulfill one’s desires with others.
In "Business Negotiation: Theory, Strategy, Practice" (2010), Gong Huang asserts that negotiation involves organizations or individuals coordinating relationships or resolving conflicts to meet their respective interests through communication.
通协商以争取达成一致的行为过程。”
In "Business Negotiation Practices" (2018), Chen Wenhan defines negotiation as "the process of communication and persuasion between two or more parties to achieve their respective goals."
According to "Business Negotiation Practices" edited by Du Hailing and Xu Caixia (2019), negotiation is defined as a process where all parties involved engage in discussions to address their respective needs within specific time and space conditions It involves coordinating and making concessions on contentious issues, with the ultimate goal of reaching an agreement.
从上述可见，有关谈判的定义还有许多。 从上面引述的定义可以看
Negotiation can be understood in various ways, with some scholars viewing it as a skill and others as a process In essence, negotiation is defined as the process or act in which parties utilize strategies and techniques to consult and coordinate with each other in an effort to reach an agreement This activity must involve two or more participants, and there must be a certain level of vested interest between them, which can be either real or potential Negotiation is fundamentally based on human needs, which include exchanging opinions, altering relationships, and seeking consensus The stronger these needs are, the clearer the motivation for negotiation becomes.
1.2.1.2 商务谈判的定义
With the advancement of the social economy and the increasing frequency of economic interactions among individuals, business negotiations have rapidly developed to facilitate transactions and achieve commercial objectives This process has become a crucial aspect of modern societal development, making business negotiations an indispensable part of people's lives Numerous scholars have proposed various definitions of business negotiations in contemporary discourse.
龚荒在《商务谈判: 理论、 策略、 实训》（2010）中认为：“商务
谈判, 也叫商业谈判, 是指当事人各方为了自身的经济利益, 就交易活动
的各 种条件进行洽谈、 磋商, 以争取达成协议的行为过程。 任何一项协
The desire to reach an agreement in commodity trading negotiations arises from differing interests among parties Buyers and sellers both value goods and currency but prioritize them differently Sellers tend to have a greater interest in currency than in the goods themselves, while buyers are the opposite This divergence in preferences ultimately facilitates the completion of transactions.
In "Business Negotiation" (2018), Chen Wenhan defines business negotiation as the process where two or more parties involved in commercial activities communicate and negotiate trading conditions related to mutual interests to ultimately reach an agreement acceptable to all Similarly, Du Hailing and Xu Caixia in "Practical Business Negotiation" (2019) emphasize that business negotiation has evolved under conditions of a commodity economy and has become essential in modern economic and social life.
Business negotiations are an essential component of economic activities, as they facilitate various transactions From haggling over prices during everyday shopping to significant dealings between companies and technological collaborations between nations, the process of negotiation is indispensable in both personal and professional contexts.
Business negotiation can be defined as a process where parties continuously adjust their needs and interests to reach a consensus Both shared interests and complementary divergent interests can serve as incentives for forming a wise agreement It is a collaborative effort that seeks mutual benefits, ensuring that both sides gain from the interaction As a form of economic activity, negotiators must consider not only what they will gain and how much, but also what they will give and the associated costs, emphasizing the relationship between gains and expenditures This perspective should encompass not only short-term economic benefits but also long-term implications.
1.2.2 商务谈判的原则
Every business negotiation is influenced by specific circumstances and conditions, and it is driven by the negotiators' pursuit of particular goals Therefore, the numerous business negotiation activities in reality are inherently diverse and unique.
色、 互不相同的。 但是, 任何一项商务谈判又都是谈判双方共同解决问
商务谈判成语的概括
1.3.1商务谈判成语的定义
The definitions of idioms are numerous and often inconsistent, which allows learners to gain a deeper understanding of their meanings However, there is no specific definition for idioms used in business negotiations After researching 88 idioms relevant to this context, I believe that business negotiation idioms are phrases utilized during discussions and negotiations between parties Formally, these idioms typically consist of four characters, such as "风行一时" (fēng xíng yī shí) and "礼尚往来" (lǐ shàng wǎng lái) Additionally, business negotiation idioms are characterized by their complete meanings and structured forms.
稳固 、形式简洁的的定型词组。
1.3.2商务谈判成语的来源
商务谈判的成语是汉语成语的一部分。汉语言中成语数目众多，来
Idioms often originate from various sources, including historical stories, myths, literary works, and colloquial expressions Many idioms arise from the production and daily lives of the people In the context of business negotiations, idioms can be categorized into those that are more formal and literary, reflecting a dignified tone, and those that are colloquial and straightforward, capturing the essence of everyday life Additionally, business negotiation idioms have their own unique origins that contribute to their significance.
1.3.2.1来自文学作品的成语
In business negotiations, many idioms originate from literary works, which reflect social life through vivid imagery Each piece of literature possesses rich and profound characteristics, with every idiom containing deep meanings that offer insights into life and, more broadly, the experiences of Chinese people.
The idiom in row 13 originates from Shi Nai'an's "Water Margin," specifically from a quote by the character Zhu Tong, who states, "I have long heard of your esteemed name." This expression reflects a deep respect and acknowledgment of someone's reputation.
列 14是出处《诗经》具体是，“终风且霾，惠然肯来。”
1.3.2.2来自历史故事的成语
Many idioms used in business negotiations originate from historical stories These idioms are derived from narratives that have been established over time, and their meanings have become fixed, forming a specific category of phrases.
The idiom "名不虚传," originating from historical tales, first appeared in Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" during the Western Han Dynasty Its original meaning conveys that one's reputation aligns with reality, indicating that the subject is genuinely remarkable and not merely a facade of fame.
The idiom "甘拜下风" originates from a historical story during the Spring and Autumn period, where the states of Qin and Jin frequently engaged in battles In the Battle of Han Yuan, the Jin army was defeated, and Duke Hui of Jin was captured by Duke Mu of Qin Duke Hui acknowledged his defeat and expressed his willingness to submit, which signifies a commitment to honor his word Over time, the phrase evolved to mean recognizing one's inferiority to others.
1.3.2.3来自寓言故事的成语
Fables are stories that convey moral lessons or allegorical meanings, representing a literary genre Many idioms used in business negotiations originate from fables, characterized by their concise structure and use of metaphors, effectively illustrating profound themes and insights within simple narratives Works such as "Mencius" and "Han Feizi" contain numerous vividly characterized fables that carry a novelistic quality.
In the "Mencius," specifically in the section "Jinxin," it is stated that the nature of a gentleman is rooted in benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom, which originate from the heart These qualities manifest visibly in one's demeanor and are expressed through actions, demonstrating that the essence of virtue is evident even without words.
1.3.3 商务谈判成语的特点
从多个角度看，汉语商务谈判的成语就有以下的特点：
Business negotiation idioms are an integral part of Chinese idiomatic expressions, characterized by their fixed structure The components of these idioms cannot be altered or rearranged freely; for instance, "品质精良" (quality is excellent) cannot be changed to "精良品质" (excellent quality).
第二，商务谈判成语是以四个字组成的，以四字格为典型特征。
Business negotiation idioms have a long-standing heritage, deeply rooted in the rich history of the Chinese language Many of these idioms have been passed down from ancient historical anecdotes and classic works, often dating back thousands of years They reflect the extensive historical development of the Chinese nation to some extent.
Business negotiation idioms facilitate close communication and collaboration Utilizing these idioms in professional settings allows you to express yourself effectively, assert your position, and simultaneously respect the rights and beliefs of others.
Business negotiation idioms reflect the fundamental principle of respecting others Only by understanding the importance of respect can one earn the trust and respect of others, leading to more harmonious and amicable interpersonal relationships.
1.3.4 商务谈判成语的分类
Business negotiation is a collaborative activity involving two or more parties, and to achieve favorable outcomes, it is essential to follow a specific process The scientific and orderly nature of the negotiation procedure directly impacts the results This chapter will explore the "three stages of business negotiation," which include the opening phase, the price negotiation phase, and the closing phase Additionally, the article will analyze idiomatic expressions used in these three stages from both structural and semantic perspectives.
In the initial phase of business negotiations, expressions such as "I've long admired your reputation," "I hope you have been well," and "It's a pleasure to meet you" are commonly used Other phrases like "I am fortunate to welcome you," "It's been a while since we last met," and "Your presence is highly appreciated" also play a significant role in establishing rapport For a comprehensive list of these idioms, please refer to Appendix (1).
小结
This chapter provides an overview of idioms, business negotiations, and the role of idioms within these negotiations Key points include the significance of idiomatic expressions in enhancing communication, their impact on negotiation strategies, and how they can convey cultural nuances that influence business interactions.
Firstly, this article analyzes the definition, origin, and characteristics of idioms It is evident that idioms are predominantly composed of four characters, with very few exceptions Additionally, idioms exhibit clear fixed forms and completeness They originate from myths and fables, historical stories, literary quotes, and colloquial expressions, possessing seven distinct characteristics.
Business negotiation can be defined as a process in which parties continuously adjust their needs and interests to reach a consensus To successfully achieve an agreement, it is essential to adhere to six key principles: voluntary participation, legality, cooperation, objective standards, mutual benefit, and separation of people from issues Additionally, understanding the seven characteristics of business negotiations is crucial for effective outcomes.
In this article, we analyze the role of idioms in business negotiations, focusing on four key aspects: definition, origin, characteristics, and classification Business negotiation idioms are a subset of Chinese idioms, possessing their defining traits but specifically tailored for use in professional contexts It is crucial to note that these idioms are applicable only during discussions and negotiations, rather than being universally applicable Additionally, business negotiation idioms are categorized based on their usage in different stages of negotiations: the opening phase, the middle phase, and the closing phase.