INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Books are like close friends and mentors, serving as a guiding light that enriches our minds and communities They educate, uplift, and bring joy, making reading a perfect way to unwind after a long day Beyond entertainment, books enhance our intellect, stimulate our imagination, and expand our vocabulary As Marcus Tullius Cicero famously said, “A room without books is like a body without a soul.”
In the 21st century, characterized by industrialization and modernization, the rise of social media has significantly impacted human life With various sources of information and entertainment available through the internet, television, and radio, the healthy habit of reading appears to be declining Many young individuals, particularly students, often overlook the immense value of reading books To appreciate the importance of reading, it is essential to understand that reading is fundamentally the process of interpreting printed and written words.
In depth, it is an effective process of conscious learning that influences the accuracy of information, attitudes, morals, beliefs, judgments and action of readers”
Reading serves as a crucial key that unlocks the treasure trove of knowledge found in books As Barack Obama stated in 2013, "Reading is important If you know how to read, then the whole world opens up to you."
Reading books is crucial for acquiring knowledge and developing personal characteristics, especially among students It serves as a pathway to self-discovery, allowing individuals to expand their horizons and deepen their understanding of the world (Green, 2002) Furthermore, reading is essential for language learning and lifelong education (Pandian, 1997; Mokatsi, 2005) Despite recognizing the importance of books, many, particularly students, often underestimate the value of reading.
Students today often prioritize other forms of entertainment over reading books, leading to a decline in reading habits Many young people, influenced by modern technology and online games, show little interest in the knowledge that books offer Parents frequently invest in expensive toys instead of fostering a reading culture at home, resulting in a lack of bookcases in many households In farming families, limited resources and a lack of awareness about the value of books contribute to this issue, as they perceive books as too costly School libraries predominantly contain textbooks and research materials, which do not engage students, while books for teenagers are scarce The prevalence of the internet and social media has further diverted attention from reading, with students opting for quick online searches over thoughtful contemplation Consequently, the reading habits of young people are fading, posing a risk to their intellectual development and future potential.
The study titled “The Reading of English Majored Students at Tay Do University” was conducted to clarify key issues regarding students' reading habits The researcher aimed to promote the reading of books among English majors and to highlight the importance of quality literature.
Research aims and research questions
This study aims to explore the reading culture of English major students at Tay Do University, offering valuable insights into their reading behaviors Additionally, it seeks to identify effective methods to engage these students in reading.
The research was done to answer the following questions:
How is the reading culture of English majored students at Tay Do University?
What are the students’ attitudes toward reading?
What are some important solutions to attract students to read?
Significance of the research
The research aims to motivate students to dedicate more time to reading books By identifying the reasons behind their boredom with reading, students can better understand their challenges This self-awareness enables them to develop a greater appreciation for books, ultimately leading to more regular reading habits.
The organization of the research
Chapter IV: Results and Discussion
Chapter V: Conclusion, implications, limitations, recommendations for future research.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Definition of reading and its importance
Reading is a multifaceted process that has been defined in various ways by researchers William (1984) describes it as a process of looking at and comprehending written material Rohani Ariffin (1992) emphasizes that reading is a personal activity often conducted silently and alone, focusing on the acquisition of information Additionally, Brown (1989) highlights reading as a two-way interaction, where information is exchanged between the reader and the author.
Reading is fundamentally an act of communication, as noted by Smith (1973), who describes it as the transfer of information from a transmitter to a receiver Stallfter (1969) elaborates on this by emphasizing that reading is a complex procedure where readers extract information from printed pages, requiring the ability to pronounce and comprehend various written elements The Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics further defines reading as the process of perceiving a written text for understanding, which can occur silently or aloud Ultimately, reading involves engaging with books to grasp their information and messages, highlighting that while definitions may vary among researchers, many agree that reading serves as a crucial skill that supports the development of other language abilities in English acquisition.
2.1.2 The importance of English reading skill
Reading skills are crucial across various fields, enhancing linguistic abilities significantly According to Cunningham and Stanovich (1998), proficient readers experience improvements in reading comprehension, vocabulary, spelling, grammar, and writing style, enabling them to access a broader range of texts and knowledge through diverse reading experiences.
"Knowledge is power" (Bacon, 1657), and reading is essential for acquiring that knowledge English learners, in particular, rely on reading to enhance their communication skills and stay informed about the world Without reading, sharing knowledge and engaging in meaningful conversations becomes challenging As Chickie Momma (1961) states, "Reading is important because it affects your whole life and everything you do." Whether it's understanding traffic signs, reading contracts for home purchases, or navigating legal documents, literacy is crucial to avoid being misled In today's world, reading is not just a source of enjoyment; it is a fundamental necessity and a vital tool for education As Tella and Akande (2007) highlight, reading is key for everyone to engage with the ever-evolving knowledge in our technologically advanced society.
Definition of reading culture and the relationship between reading and reading culture
2.2.1 The concept of reading culture
In today's information technology era, the reading culture among young people faces significant challenges Defined by the National Library of Vietnam (2010), reading culture encompasses individual reading behaviors, values, and standards, which include reading habits, hobbies, and skills Poet Mai Nam Thang emphasizes that it reflects the attitudes of individuals and communities towards books MA Pham Van Tinh notes that our approach to reading must be both reasonable and beneficial, while Chu Hao highlights that reading habits, selection abilities, and skills collectively shape our reading culture Furthermore, Pham Hao states that reading culture involves the regular and habitual engagement with books and informational materials Ultimately, reading culture revolves around "what to read" and "how to read," underscoring the importance of both content and method in fostering a rich reading environment.
2.2.2 The relationship between reading and reading culture
Nguyen Huu Viem defines "reading culture" as the behaviors, values, and standards related to reading within individuals or communities This highlights the intrinsic connection between reading and the broader concept of reading culture.
Reading includes reading habit, reading hobby and reading skill what make a reading culture If we rarely read, we won’t create a reading culture at all
Reading habits and skills develop concurrently, while an individual's reading preferences are influenced by factors such as education level and personal interests For instance, some may enjoy poetry, others may prefer novels, research books, or popular science and technology literature, as well as arts and culture This diversity enriches the reading culture within society.
Considering the reading culture of each individual, if a person has a habit of reading, but lacks reading skills, they cannot understand clearly the book’ message
If the readers can master reading skills, but they hardly create reading habits, they won’t gain much knowledge, even lack of necessary knowledge for their own lives.
The previous research papers
There are many researchers carrying out the theses about reading culture or reading habit
Goforth (1976) conducted a significant study on the reading habits of Filipino students, focusing on 435 third-year students from four high schools in Greater Manila The results revealed that young adult females read more than their male counterparts, with females showing a preference for magazines, while males leaned towards newspapers and comic books The study indicated that mass media influences these reading habits, as many popular titles have been adapted into films Additionally, students are more likely to read when they have access to a diverse range of reading materials However, the impact of extracurricular activities on their reading habits remained inconclusive.
In 1992, a study conducted by lecturer San Juan examined the reading interests of 425 randomly selected students from various colleges at Central Luzon State University, focusing on materials beyond textbooks The research analyzed demographic factors such as age, sex, parental education, economic status, and academic performance as potential influences on reading preferences The findings revealed that fiction and nonfiction books were the most popular reading materials, followed by newspapers, magazines, comics, and journals Notably, female students favored romance novels and picture magazines, while male students preferred sports magazines and science and technology literature Respondents indicated that their primary motivations for reading included increasing knowledge, gaining information, enhancing vocabulary, and improving reading comprehension.
In the 2004 article revisiting the Peter Effect, Applegate conducted a survey of 195 sophomores enrolled in elementary education certification programs to examine their reading habits and attitudes The findings revealed that these students were not enthusiastic readers and did not find enjoyment in the reading experience.
In 2006, researcher De Dios examined the impact of library resources and activities on promoting reading habits among school children, particularly focusing on Aklatang Pambata The study emphasized the importance of providing engaging books and activities in children's libraries to encourage reading Additionally, it highlighted the need for promotional events and effective marketing of library services to enhance support from schools and parents.
A survey conducted by Borja (2007) among 119 freshmen at the University of the Philippines Diliman explored their reading interests and habits, particularly in relation to pleasure reading's impact on academic performance The findings revealed that while students felt the library's collection adequately supported their pleasure reading needs and provided a conducive study environment, they rarely engaged in reading for pleasure Despite this, they acknowledged that pleasurable reading materials positively influenced their English classes Fiction, particularly bestsellers, emerged as their preferred genre, with a borrowing frequency ranking of textbooks, reference books, journals, newspapers, multimedia resources, and novels Notably, the primary motivation for library use was academic, with pleasure reading ranked as a lesser priority.
With the same idea of Goforth, Ajala - the author of the research "Use of the
A study conducted in 2008 on the utilization of the University of Ibadan Library resources by graduate students aimed to assess the effectiveness of these resources in meeting their research needs The respondents, comprising young adult students from diverse fields such as education, science, technology, arts, social sciences, and agriculture, primarily relied on journals as their main information source, followed by textbooks, reference books, and theses Approximately one-third of the participants reported using the library daily or bi-weekly, spending one to two hours during each visit, and many also accessed other libraries The study recommended enhancing library user education, promoting services to boost awareness, and ensuring the acquisition of relevant books and journals for student accessibility.
A survey conducted by Oguz (2009) in the International Journal of Behavioral, Cognitive, Educational and Psychological Sciences examined the reading habits of students in classroom teaching programs at various Turkish universities The findings indicated that both young people and teachers in Turkey exhibit low reading habits, primarily due to a lack of time, with many students reading books infrequently Notably, over a third of respondents reported spending only an hour or less on reading, although most indicated they read newspapers regularly Gender differences were observed, with women demonstrating higher reading engagement than men Additionally, owning bookshelves positively influenced students' reading habits, and a correlation was found between reading time and overall reading levels Despite these insights, the study concluded that students still possess inadequate reading habits, highlighting the need for initiatives to enhance their reading engagement.
Reading culture affects learning outcomes
In a 2007 study by professional teacher Su-Yen, the extracurricular reading habits of first and third year Taiwanese college students were analyzed, focusing on factors such as gender, parental education, institutional type, and college major The findings revealed that males read more than females at both year levels, and third year students read more than first year students Additionally, students from institutions with lower academic skills engaged in more extracurricular reading than their higher-achieving peers, despite those with the highest grades spending the most time reading overall Arts and architecture majors dedicated the most time to reading, while humanities majors also read significantly more than those in natural sciences and education, supporting Applegate and Applegate’s 2004 findings Newspapers and magazines emerged as the preferred reading materials among students.
A study by journalist Manansala (2009) examined the reading interests of high school students at Parada High School, focusing on second, third, and fourth-year students The findings revealed that the majority of students preferred reading books, with slight variations in reading material preferences across year levels Second-year students favored newspapers, comics, and magazines, while third and fourth-year students leaned towards comics and magazines Notably, academic performance did not influence students' reading interests, as they primarily read to learn, gather information, and support their academic pursuits, highlighting the importance of reading habits in their education.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Hypotheses
A literature review and research questions suggest that English majors at Tay Do University recognize the decline of reading culture and the importance of reading books Consequently, they acknowledge the significance of reading, leading them to dedicate more time to regular book reading.
Research design
This research aimed to explore the reading culture among English majors at Tay Do University using a quantitative approach Participants provided valuable insights by responding to questionnaires, and the collected data will be analyzed to derive conclusive results for discussion.
Participants
The study involved 100 English major students from four classes at Tay Do University, comprising 32 males and 68 females aged 18 to 22 Participants expressed diverse reading preferences and shared their perspectives on contemporary reading culture, which will be further explored through the chosen research instruments.
Instruments
To meet the research objectives, a questionnaire was administered to students, drawing on insights from theories discussed in Chapter Two This research tool aims to reveal students' perspectives on the current reading culture.
The questionnaire served as a crucial tool for gathering extensive information from a large population efficiently Additionally, the results can be swiftly and easily quantified using specialized software.
The questionnaire, developed from a comprehensive literature review, research aims, and research questions, utilizes a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) It includes 21 statements categorized into specific groups to facilitate analysis.
Group Summary of the content of question group Statements (Q)
1 The idea of reading culture Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
2 The reality of reading culture Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10
3 Some factors effecting reading culture Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14
4 Some solutions to develop reading culture Q15, Q16, Q17, Q18,
Procedures
In this part, the process of doing this research was presented This research was conducted in 16 weeks and the process was divided into 4 steps as the following procedures:
Step 1 - Meeting the instructor and
The first four weeks choosing the suitable topic
- Making the outline of the study
- Writing chapter 1 and chapter 2 Step 2 - Contacting and asking teacher for
From the 5 th week to 8 th week the permission of delivering questionnaire
- Delivering the questionnaire to students to collect the data
Step 3 - Analyzing the data collected from
From the 9 th week to 12 th week questionnaire
- Making the outline of chapter 4
Step 4 - Completing the research by
The last four weeks writing chapter 4 and chapter 5.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of the questionnaire
The analysis of the questionnaire revealed key insights into students' reading culture, encompassing four main aspects: the concept of reading culture, the current state of reading habits, factors influencing reading culture, and potential solutions to enhance reading practices.
To enhance the reliability of the research, the researcher utilized IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 software for data analysis and to calculate Cronbach’s Alpha This statistic indicates the degree of interrelatedness among the questions or statements within each group A high Cronbach’s Alpha value serves as evidence of the measurement quality for the constructed group.
According to the questionnaire design, the Cronbach’s Alpha was presented base on
The questionnaire identified four groups, each demonstrating a high internal consistency with an alpha coefficient of α = 0.78 This indicates that the statements within each group are closely related to one another.
4.1.1.1 The student’s idea of reading culture
The questionnaire, comprising four questions (Q1 to Q4), explored English majors' perspectives on reading culture Most students believe that reading is essential, positively impacting both academic performance and overall life Additionally, the school library is crucial in fostering students' reading habits and attitudes.
Figure 1 The importance of reading culture
Strongly Agree Agree Demur Disagree Strongly Disagree
The graph indicates that over 80% of students recognize the significance of reading books, demonstrating a positive attitude towards this essential activity for their studies.
4.1.1.2 The reality of reading culture
The researcher aimed to gain insights into the current state of reading culture by exploring the motivations behind why undergraduates engage with books, newspapers, and reference materials The findings are illustrated in the figure below.
Learning,finding new knowledge, Oher reasons information
Figure 2 Common reasons why students read books
According to the column chart, nearly half of undergraduates (51%) read books, newspapers, or reference materials primarily for entertainment, making it their top choice This indicates that students often engage in reading as a means to relax and alleviate stress after a demanding day of study Following entertainment, 39% of students read to complete school assignments, indicating that their reading is often driven by teacher requirements Only 10% of participants express a desire to read for acquiring new information or enhancing their knowledge.
Home Quiet coffee shop School library Class or classroom Bookstore
Figure 3 Some common places where students read books
The line chart indicates that home is the preferred reading location for students, with 54% favoring it over other options Quiet coffee shops follow as the second most popular choice at 35%, while school libraries and bookstores are less favored, receiving only 4% and 7% respectively Students appreciate reading at home for its comfort and lack of distractions, allowing them to read without time constraints Coffee shops are also appealing due to their relaxed atmosphere and the availability of snacks and beverages Overall, home remains the top choice for students seeking an ideal reading environment.
Buying Borrowing from friend Borrowing from school library Internet Renting
The data from pie-chart 2 indicates that a significant majority of students (70%) primarily access their reading materials through the Internet Additionally, 19% of students purchase their favorite books, while only 11% prefer borrowing from friends or school libraries The growing availability of online books and newspapers has made digital reading increasingly popular due to its convenience and affordability High book prices further discourage students from buying physical copies, leading to a decline in borrowing from libraries or friends, primarily due to time constraints and challenges in maintaining borrowed books.
Figure 5 Some common tools which students choose to read
According to figure 5, students prefer various reading tools, with smartphones being the most popular choice at 43% due to their convenience and speed One-third of students enjoy reading online, particularly online newspapers accessed via smart devices like smartphones, iPads, and laptops, fostering a habit of digital reading In contrast, the use of e-books is relatively low, with only 14% of students opting for them, primarily because many are unwilling to pay for bestsellers Additionally, over 10% of respondents remain loyal to printed books, indicating that a small number of students still favor traditional reading methods.
Science, specialty Book, newspaper about Comic Another types hot social issues
Figure 6 Common kinds of books that students like to read
According to Figure 6, nearly 50% of participants preferred reading comics, making it their top choice for relaxation and stress relief after a long day Additionally, 34% of students favored reading books and newspapers on current social issues, reflecting the importance of staying informed in an integrated economy This trend indicates a positive shift towards a reading culture among students However, only 15% chose to read science or specialty books, likely due to their complex content and the academic knowledge required Lastly, 5% of students expressed a preference for other genres, including romance, biographies, and novels.
Statements Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly disagree Agree
10 I often read books, newspapers and documents in the following ways: a From beginning to the 1% 11% 31% 35% 22% end b Choosing 3% 12% 17% 51% 17% interesting/important/ essential content to read c Skimming throughout 0% 16% 28% 42% 14% the books to get the main idea
Table 1 Common methods to read books
A majority of students, 35%, prefer reading books from beginning to end, while only 11% disagree, suggesting that avid readers find this approach enhances their understanding and enjoyment of the material The disagreement may stem from impatience or boredom with linear reading Additionally, 51% of students support focusing on main content, while 12% do not, indicating a tendency among some to selectively read key sections Lastly, 42% of students agree that skimming for main ideas is effective, although 16% disagree, suggesting that not everyone believes this method allows for a full appreciation of a book.
4.1.1.3 Some factors effecting reading culture
Reading is an essential skill for success in life, yet many students today show a lack of interest in books due to various reasons.
Not atractive Price Form and content Wasting time
Figure 7 Some common reasons why students are lazy to read books
A recent survey revealed that 41% of students find reading books less appealing compared to other entertainment options like surfing the internet, listening to music, or watching movies The time and patience required for reading deterred 33% of students from engaging in this activity Additionally, 22% expressed that the form and content of many current books are uninteresting, suggesting that some authors have lost their unique voice Interestingly, only 4% of students cited book prices as a barrier, indicating that the high cost of quality books is not a significant deterrent for most Overall, these findings suggest that many students are not accustomed to reading habits, leading to perceptions of reading as strange and boring, and they feel it consumes too much of their time.
Statements Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
12 Students don’t know how to 1% 19% 27% 45% 8% read quickly without missing the important contents
13 Students don’t know how to 3% 8% 30% 37% 12% find the essential information quickly when reading books, newspapers
Table 2 Student’s though about how to read effectively
From the table above, more than haft of participants claimed that they don’t know how to read effectively with namely 53% agree and 49% agree for statements 12,
Discussion
Despite 85% of students recognizing the significance of reading, particularly printed books, they remain unaware that their own actions contribute to the decline of the reading culture.
This article explores the current state of reading culture among English majors at Tay Do University and suggests effective strategies to revitalize their interest in reading It is evident that many students exhibit a reluctance to engage with books, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to encourage reading habits.
To foster a love for reading in students, parents must cultivate reading habits from an early age In today's fast-paced world, many families prioritize work and material possessions, often neglecting their children's intellectual development Instead of providing expensive toys or smart devices for entertainment, parents should dedicate time to encourage their children to read By actively guiding their children towards books, parents can help instill a lifelong reading habit that benefits their development.
The school library is deficient in books that students are interested in reading, primarily consisting of textbooks that are not engaging Many available books are either age-inappropriate or unrelated to students' experiences, particularly those with complex research content To enhance the library's offerings, it is essential to include materials on sex education, guidebooks, history, and playbooks, which can broaden students' perspectives and enrich their lives Additionally, libraries should feature a dedicated section for recommended books and reference materials Schools should also host contests to promote reading and enhance students' reading skills, while teachers can provide effective strategies for improving reading comprehension and document retrieval.
The decline of the reading culture at universities is significantly influenced by the rapid development of information and communication technology Many students only engage with reading materials when required by their teachers, with research indicating that 70% feel the internet has diminished their enjoyment of reading The convenience of quickly accessing information online has led students to favor websites over traditional books, as searching on Google is often seen as faster and more efficient Additionally, students report being too busy with their academic responsibilities, part-time jobs, social activities, and other distractions, leaving little time for reading Moreover, the content and presentation of books often fail to compete with the allure of other entertainment options, such as internet browsing, music, movies, and shopping.
Many individuals who dislike reading perceive books as overly wordy, while avid readers face challenges with the high prices of engaging books This is particularly problematic for students, as many appealing titles are both lengthy and costly, making them inaccessible for quick reading at bookstores or for personal purchase.
Last but not least, there is a possibility that students do not distinguish between different types of reading They feel that in reading, they are required to serve as
"work" is not a recreational activity And that feeling changes their attitudes towards reading for entertainment
Reviving the reading culture is essential for everyone, not just students Reading enhances knowledge and offers numerous benefits, including stimulating brain function, expanding vocabulary, and improving memory Engaging with a good book can alleviate stress, boost attention and focus, and strengthen analytical thinking Additionally, many individuals turn to reading for emotional clarity and peace The researcher hopes this study encourages students to dedicate more time to reading printed books regularly.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
The research aims to explore the perceptions of English linguistic students at Tay Do University regarding their reading culture It is hypothesized that these students recognize the decline of reading culture while also acknowledging the significant benefits of reading books, which could help in revitalizing this culture The study involved 100 students from four classes: English Linguistic 10B, 11A, 12C, and 13A A survey questionnaire was utilized as the primary research instrument, and the collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.
The questionnaires gathered valuable insights into students' reading culture, including their attitudes and habits towards reading This research highlighted students' preferences through specific statements, ultimately demonstrating the study's effectiveness in promoting awareness of the benefits of reading and encouraging students to dedicate more time to reading books.
This research establishes a foundation for future studies involving a broader participant base It aims to positively influence students' interest in reading and enhance teachers' methods to foster a better reading attitude in Vietnamese classrooms.
Implications
Industrialization and modernization significantly impact various aspects of social life, including politics, economics, education, and culture Our country is experiencing these effects, particularly through structural economic changes, evolving teaching and learning methods in education, and shifts in cultural practices, especially concerning reading habits.
Reading is an essential foundation to live and succeed Based on the reality of the reading culture, the researcher implemented the investigation into some common thinking about reading culture
The researcher emphasizes the significance of reading culture, highlighting the numerous benefits of reading printed books for students However, it is noted that this culture is diminishing, largely due to human factors By acknowledging the critical role of reading, students are encouraged to enhance their reading attitudes and establish consistent reading habits Additionally, the researcher identifies reasons for students' reluctance to read and proposes strategies to motivate undergraduates to engage in regular reading.
Limitations
Despite the significant findings, it should be admitted that this study has the limitations as follow:
This study was limited by its relatively small sample size, consisting of 100 students, which may not be representative of the broader population Additionally, the subjective nature of students' opinions on reading culture made it challenging for the researcher to distill common themes and ideas from the data.
The research was conducted within a limited timeframe of four months, encompassing all chapters, sections, and tables of contents, with a particular focus on the delivery of the questionnaire Despite the constraints, the researcher made every effort to complete the research instruments, successfully executing the delivery of the questionnaire in just four weeks.
The researcher encountered challenges in sourcing reference materials due to the limited studies on reading culture As a result, considerable time was spent reviewing Vietnamese newspapers to gather additional information and insights.
The data were analyzed using SPSS software, although the researcher faced challenges in navigating the program It required a significant amount of time to become proficient with SPSS.
The exploration of reading culture is often overlooked, yet it serves as a crucial foundation for understanding students' perspectives on reading habits, particularly in the Mekong Delta This research can pave the way for further studies examining the reasons behind students' reluctance to read and the factors influencing their reading habits By identifying these reasons, students can better understand their own situations and work towards improving their reading practices The current study focusing on English linguistic students at Tay Do University lacks a comprehensive view of the reading culture issues Therefore, it is essential to conduct further research involving a larger population, encompassing both English major and non-English major students, to enhance the reliability and depth of the findings.
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