3. Tom Tat Luan An Tieng Anh - Nguyen Tri Phuong.pdf

MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE ******** NGUYEN TRI PHUONG MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL CULTURAL RELICS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE, VIETNA[.]

MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE

********

NGUYEN TRI PHUONG

MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL RELICS

IN THAI BINH PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Major: Cultural Management

Code: 9319042

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY

ON CULTURAL MANAGEMENT

HANOI, 2023

The dissertation was completed at:

HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF CULTURE

MINISTRY OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TOURISM

Scientific Supervisors: Assoc Prof Dr Trinh Thi Minh Duc

Reviewer 1: Assoc Prof Dr Dang Van Bai

National Council for Cultural Heritage

Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Bui Hoai Son

Committee on Culture and Education of the National Assembly of Vietnam

Reviewer 3: Dr Nguyen Minh Khang

Ministry of Culture, Sport and Tourism

The dissertation will be defended at University level Doctoral Dissertation Assessment Committee at Ha Noi University of Culture

418 La Thanh street, Dong Da, Ha Noi

On:… , day… month … , 2023

The dissertation can be found at:

- The National Library of Viet Nam

- Library of Ha Noi University of Culture

INTRODUCTION

1 Reason for choosing the topic

By the end of 2022, there are a total of 2969 relics in Thai Binh province; of which, 2 are classified as special national relics, 114 are classified as national relics, 550 are classified as provincial relics, and the remaining are included in the inventory list In recent years, the management of historical-cultural relics has played an active role in preserving and promoting the value of relics Relic management activities have received the attention of all levels and sectors in the province, concrete and timely cooperation among stakeholders has contributed to creating the basis for scientifically managing the relics in Thai Binh province However, there are still many difficulties and obstacles: Many relics continue to deteriorate due to various reasons while the state budget

is still limited, the regime for people in charge of directly taking care of the relics has not yet been regulated by the province, some relics in the province have been arbitrarily renovated and deformed In addition, the Party's guidelines and directions as well as the State's policies and laws have not been published and disseminated widely, the people have not actively participated in protecting and promoting the value of relics in the local areas As a result of that, it is required that stakeholders should coordinate more efficiently in relic management activities Considering the current local practice, to improve the management, protection, and promotion of the value of historical - cultural relics of Thai Binh province, local authorities should coordinate more effectively and closely in relic management activities, thereby achieving the common objective of improving operational efficiency to meet the people's increasing demand for cultural experience

Faced with the current situation and urgency of the research topic, based on the scientìic and practical basis, inheriting previous scientific

works, the researcher chooses the topic of “Management of

historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province, Vietnam” as the research content

of the thesis

2 Research objectives and tasks

2.1 Research objectives

The objectives of the thesis are to apply the theories of stakeholders

to survey and analyze the current status of coordination among

stakeholders in relics management activities in Thai Binh province, thereby proposing solutions to contribute to improving such coordination

in the coming time

- Surveying and analyzing the current status of the coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province

- Evaluating the efficiency of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province

- Proposing solutions to contribute to improving the efficiency of the coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province in the coming time

3 Research subject and scope

3.1 Research subject

The thesis examines and analyzes the current situation of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province

- Content: The thesis focuses on researching and understanding the current status of coordination among stakeholders in relic management

activities in Thai Binh province through the specific tasks of each stakeholder

1 Have stakeholders been participating in coordination in relic management activities in Thai Binh province?

2 What are the forms and contents of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province?

3 How effective is the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province?

4 What solutions should be taken to improve the efficiency of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province?

5.2 Scientific hypotheses

In terms of cultural-historical relic management, stakeholders’ coordination is a method, a form, a process of combining operations of agencies, organizations, and individuals to ensure that such agencies, organizations, and individuals fully and effectively perform their assigned functions, tasks, and powers to achieve common interests If stakeholders involved in relic management activities fail to coordinate effectively or

there are many obstacles hindering their operations, the objectives of the relic management activities will be adversely affected

6 New findings of the thesis

In term of science: The thesis is the first study using the theory covering all stakeholders to address the issues on management of historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province and develop the analytical framework of the thesis Based on the research theory, the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province has been determined The thesis has established the basic contents of the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province

In terms of practice: This is the first study applying the theory covering all stakeholders in the management of historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province Especially, it is also the first time that the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities has been mentioned and solutions to improve the efficiency of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province have been proposed The results concluded in the research will provide authorities at all levels and relic management agencies in Thai Binh province with a comprehensive view of their management work in the past time and identify issues on the management of historic relics in the province in the coming time

Chapter 2: Status of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province

Chapter 3: Solutions to improve the efficiency of coordination among stakeholders in the management of historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHED SITUATION, THEORETICAL BASIS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL RELICS, AND OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL-CULTURAL

RELICS IN THE RESEARCHED AREA

1.1 Overview of researched situation

1.1.1 Researches on coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities

In the practice of relic management, stakeholders are required to work closely together to carry out relic management activities; however, conflicts arising from their differences in terms of culture or position may affect their coordination in relic management activities The coordination/cooperation among stakeholders in relic management activities has never been fully studied by researchers Only few aspect of

this topic have been considered in the following articles: Stakeholders’

Coordination and Heritage Management by Aas, C Ladkin, and Fletcher,

J in; Cultural heritage as a common shared resource - the role of

stakeholders’ coordination in cultural heritage management by Anna

Góral; Heritage Tourism Management by Brian Garrod, Alan Fyall;

Research by Hampton, M.P (2005), Research by John Carman and Marie Louise Stig Sonrensen (2009), Research by Waayers and Newsome (2012), Research by Komppula (2016), Research by Jiang and Ritchie (2017), Research by Saito and Ruhanen (2017), Research by Manaf et al (2018), Research by Wondirad et al (2020), etc

The coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities has been mentioned by foreign and domestic researchers from different perspectives through case studies in different countries The studies have emphasized the role and importance of the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities It has also been found that there are factors that promote and hinder the cooperation among stakeholders in relic management activities in some studies

1.1.2 Researches on management of historical-cultural relics

Regarding management of historical - cultural relics, preservation and promotion of the value of relics are the two topics that have been attracting remarkable attention Accordingly, the practice in preserving relics, preservation principles, the role of relic conservation in the

contemporary social life as well as experiences and solutions to preserve relics have been discussed and mentioned in the following studies:

Preserving and promoting Vietnamese cultural heritage and Some common issues on restoration and preservation of historical and cultural relics by Luu Tran Tieu; The role of cultural heritage in the development

of our country by Nguyen Quoc Hung; Research and application of international regulations in the practice of protecting and promoting the value of relics in our country by Nguyen Viet Cuong; State management

in the field of cultural heritage conservation by Dang Van Bai; the

Ministry-level scientific research topic of “Protecting cultural heritage in

the process of socio-economic development and international integration”

chaired by Nguyen The Hung; the book “Managing Vietnamese culture in

the process of renovation and international integration” by Phan Hong

Giang and Bui Hoai Son (co-authors and co-editors); Textbook “Cultural

Heritage Management with Tourism Development” edited by Le Hong Ly;

Doctoral thesis of “Management of historical and cultural relics in Bac

Ninh Province in the process of industrialization – urbanization” by Tran

Duc Nguyen, in which the researcher selected Bac Ninh province to be the researched area; etc

1.1.3 Research works on historical and cultural relics in Thai Binh Province

Before the 20th century, literature on historical and cultural relics in Thai

Binh Province was recorded in national history documents such as Dai Viet

Su Ky Toan Thu, Dai Nam Nhat Thong Chi, Viet Su Thong Giam Cuong Muc, Dai Viet Thong Su, Minh Do Su, Kien Van Tieu Luc, etc

At the beginning of the 20th century, the book “Thai Binh Phong Vat

Chi” by Pham Van Thu, the book “Thai Binh Province” by Duong Thieu, and

some books specifically referring to each district through some fairy tales such

as: “Quynh Coi Dia Chi” by Ngo Vi Lien, “Thuy Anh du ky” by Dang Xuan Vien, “Hung Nhan ky su” by Nguyen Van Dao, “Tien Hung phu chi” by Pham Nguyen Hop, “Thai Binh Du Dia Chi”, etc all include records of relics in Thai

Binh province

From 1945 to 1975, the research and records on historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh Province were not paid much attention partly because the entire people have put their energy and forces into the resistance war After 1975, literature on historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province was mentioned at some scientific conferences like Conference

“Thai Binh Province with the Tran Dynasty” (1994); Conference “The

background and career of Tran Thu Do” (2003), Conference “Reporting results of the third phase of Lo Giang Palace archaeological excavation Project under the Tran Dynasty in Hong Minh Commune, Hung Ha District, Thai Binh Province”; International scientific conference “Lo Giang Palace of the Tran Dynasty in Hong Minh Commune, Hung Ha District, Thai Binh Province”; “Revolutionary historical relics in Thai Binh Province” by Author Bui Dang Viet; “Traditional Festivals in Thai Binh Province” by Author Nguyen Thanh; “Dong Bang Temple - a famous cultural heritage” by Bui Thi Hai Yen

Besides, the historical, cultural and scientific values of relics and historical-cultural relic clusters in Thai Binh Province are also mentioned in

theses including: Thesis “Keo Pagoda and the history of art architecture”

by author Dang Huu Tuyen; “Buddhist-Saint Pagoda in the Northern Delta”

by Author Pham Thi Thu Huong; Thesis “Khong Lo Saint in the cultural life

of people living in the Northern coastal region” by Author Le Thi Thu Ha;

Thesis “Ly Nam De in the cultural life of people living in the Northern

Delta” by Author Nguyen Thi Thanh Mai

1.1.4 Research works on management of historical - cultural relics

in Thai Binh Province

Regarding the management of cultural and historical relics in Thai Binh province, several authors have referred to this topic in different

aspects, as follows: Article “Management of historical-cultural relics

in Thai Binh Province” by Author Nguyen Ngoc Phat; Article

“Revolutionary historical relics in Thai Binh Province” by Author Bui Dang Viet ; Article “Archeology in Thai Binh Province - Projects for

protection and research” by Vu Duc Thom; Article “Preserving and promoting cultural heritage in Thai Binh Province” by Author Nguyen

Thanh Regarding the management of cultural and historical relics in Thai Binh province, recently there have been a number of master's

theses such as: “Management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Thuy

district, Thai Binh province” by Dam Thi Thu Thuy; “Management of historical - cultural relics in Hung Ha district, Thai Binh province” by

Vu Manh Hung; “Management of historical - cultural relics in Tien Hai

district, Thai Binh province” by Le Xuan Chien; “Management of historical and cultural relics in Vu Thu district, Thai Binh province”

by Tran Toan Thang

1.1.4 Literature overview

After providing the overview of documents and research works related

to the thesis, the researcher has some initial comments as follows:

1 Management of cultural heritage in general and historical - cultural relics in particular is a matter of interest to many researchers and managers, which has been proven in a number of articles and research works from different theoretical and practical perspectives

2 Studies on historical-cultural relics in Thai Binh province have been mentioned in many different perspectives such as: articles in specialized journals, master’s theses, doctoral theses, scientific research works at ministerial level, scientific conferences at the State and local levels, etc Most

of researches on relics serving the purpose of managing relics have provided general introductions of the origin and current status of the relics only; some more in-depth studies have applied surveying, fieldwork, description, and analysis methods to determine the value of monuments expressed through architecture, relics, antiquities, or festivals, thereby helping readers be aware

of the richness, diversity, and great values of the system of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province today A number of studies have referred to the topic of relic management through some contents including conservation, embellishment, and promotion of the value of the relics

3 Researches on management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh Province by previous authors have not addressed the following issues: 1/ There have not been many articles referring to the management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province, especially the articles offering intensive analysis and evaluation of the coordination mechanism among stakeholders

in management of historical - cultural relics in Thai Binh province Some articles that have mentioned the current status of the management of relics are limited to some specific districts like: Hung Ha district, Vu Thu district, Tien Hai district, Thai Thuy district, Quynh Phu district; 2/ A study that provides a complete comprehensive research and proposes a theoretical research framework on coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities is not available; 3/ A study that proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities

in Thai Binh province is not available

4 The issues that the previous studies have neither approached nor addressed will be explored and studied in this thesis The works of previous scholars will create important, meaningful, and valuable

reference for the researcher for the purpose of this thesis Such incomplete contents will act as the theoretical basis and be presented in detail in the following sections of the thesis

1.2 Theoretical basis of the thesis topic

1.2.1 Concepts

* Cultural heritage

* Cultural – historical relics

Historical and cultural relics are construction works, places and relics, antiquities, and national treasures attached to such works or places with historical, cultural and scientific values

* Management

Management is an act of causing any impact by using power, subject

to the process applied by each management agencies (stakeholders), on any object to be managed to coordinate resources for the purpose of accomplishing the agencies' goals in a variable environment

* Management of historical-cultural relics

Management of historical - cultural relics is an act of causing any impact by management entities including stakeholders, mainly the State and the community, towards a common expectation or goal of systematically protecting, preserving, and promoting the value of historical-cultural relics for present and future generations

* Community

* Stakeholders

Stakeholders involved in the management of relics are agencies, organizations, individuals, and community that jointly participate in the management of relics to achieve certain goals and contribute to preserving and promoting the values of the relics

* Coordination among stakeholders

Coordination among stakeholders is the collaboration and combination of activities of two or more entities (the state and the community) to support each other in performing the functions and tasks assigned to an entity in order to achieve common goals and bring benefits

to stakeholders

1.2.2 Stakeholder theory

1.2.2.1 Origin and development of the stakeholder theory

The Stakeholder theory dates back to the 1960s

1.2.2.2 Contents and perspectives on the stakeholder theory

The Stakeholder theory is the theory of organizational management, business ethics, and the relationship of the parties in the performance of management Stakeholders are important components of any project, and managing their involvement in such projects effectively is essential to the success of the projects

1.2.2.3 Application of the stakeholder theory in relic management

Application of the stakeholder theory in relic management has been mentioned by Vietnamese and foreign scholars in different aspects; however, there have been no in-depth studies on the status of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities

1.2.2.4 Application of the stakeholder theory in relic management in Thai Binh Province

To ensure a comprehensive study, the stakeholder theory is applied to this thesis to:

1/ Identify the stakeholders and the role of coordination among stakeholders in relic management Identifying the stakeholders as well as their responsibilities and involvement is a fundamental step in determining whether management activities are being carried out effectively

2/ Determine the contents, forms, and methods of coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province And based on such determination, evaluate the effectiveness of the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province 3/ Identify and explain the factors that enhance the coordination among stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province as well as the factors that hinder it

1.2.3 Identifying stakeholders involved in the coordination in relic management activities in Thai Binh province

The researcher found that there are many parties involved in relic management activities in Thai Binh province, but there are two major subjects including: the State and the Community

Stakeholders in the State sector include: the Government, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, and local authorities (at the provincial and district levels) such as: the People's Committee of Thai Binh Province, the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Thai Binh Province, Thai Binh Province’s Museum, the Division of Cultural Affairs of Thai Binh Province; the People's Committees of relevant districts, the Departments of Culture and Information of Thai Binh

Province, the People's Committees of relevant communes and towns, the Committee of Culture and Society, the Committee of Relic Management, relevant agencies and departments at each administrative level, and other state agencies having the authority and power to plan, manage, and implement the contents of relic management in the province

Stakeholders in the community sector include: The local community, people in charge of directly managing, operating, and maintaining each relic (pagoda keeper, abbot, relic keeper), businesses, visitors, researchers Stakeholders in the community sector play different roles in each specific relic, so the coordination in relic management activities in Thai Binh province is subject to change depending on each takeholder

1.2.4 Proposed analytical framework of the thesis

The stakeholder theory is applied to determine the coordination among the stakeholders in relic management activities in Thai Binh province Application of this theory helps determine the nature of coordination among the stakeholders through the implementation of relic management contents Therefore, this study explores how the stakeholders have coordinated with each other to carry out relic management activities, and whether such coordination method and form have been effective or not

Chart: Proposed analytic framework of the thesis

Source: Prepared by the researcher in April 2023

COMMUNITY

STAKEHOLDERS

STATE

NATION AMONG STAKE- HODERS

COORDI-CONTENTS

OF COORDI- NATION AMONG STAKE- HODERS IN RELIC MANAGE- MENT

ASSESS-MENT OF COORDI-NATION AMONG STAKE- HODERS IN RELIC MANAGE-MENT

PROPOSED SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF COORDINATION AMONG STAKE- HODERS