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Trang 1Prepared by Stanley L Brue Pacific Lutheran University
Trang 2Test Bank 1 to accompany
ECONOMICS
Campbell R McConnell and Stanley L Brue
Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas,
New York, NY 10020 Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
All rights reserved
The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in print form solely for classroom use with
ECONOMICS
provided such reproductions bear copyright notice, but may not be reproduced in any other form or for any
other purpose without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited
to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Text printer code/Cover printer code 0 9 8 7 6 5 4
ISBN 0-07-288479-7
Trang 31 The Nature and Method of Economics 1
2 The Economizing Problem 31
3 Individual Markets: Demand and Supply 69
3W Applications and Extensions of Supply and Demand Analysis 109
4 The Market System 125
5 The U.S Economy: Private and Public Sectors 141
6 The United States in the Global Economy 175
7 Measuring Domestic Output and National Income 197
8 Introduction to Economic Growth and Instability 229
9 Basic Macroeconomic Relationships 253
10 The Aggregate Expenditures Model 289
11 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 335
12 Fiscal Policy 369
13 Money and Banking 403
14 How Banks and Thrifts Create Money 433
15 Monetary Policy 455
16 Extending the Analysis of Aggregate Supply 489
17 Economic Growth 515
18 Deficits, Surpluses, and the Public Debt 531
19 Disputes over Macro Theory and Policy 547
20 Elasticity of Demand and Supply 575
21 Consumer Behavior and Utility Maximization 611
22 The Costs of Production 647
23 Pure Competition 687
24 Pure Monopoly 731
25 Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly 773
26 Technology, R&D, and Efficiency 819
27 The Demand for Resources 843
28 Wage Determination 875
29 Rent, Interest, and Profit 909
30 Government and Market Failure 929
31 Public Choice Theory and Taxation 953
32 Antitrust Policy and Regulation 979
33 Agriculture: Economics and Policy 1001
34 Income Inequality and Poverty 1021
35 Labor Market Institutions and Issues: Unionism, Discrimination, and Immigration 1047
36 The Economics of Health Care 1077
37 International Trade 1097
38 Exchange Rates, the Balance of Payments, and Trade Deficits 1127
39W The Economics of Developing Countries (Internet-Only Chapter) 1157
40W Transition Economies: Russia and China (Internet-Only Chapter) 1177
Trang 4Test Bank I contains more than 6,300 multiple-choice and true-false questions We have created
approximately 670 new question for this edition; the remaining 5,630 have been checked and refined to ensure compatibility with the 16th Edition
Test Bank I continues to be accurate, functional, and user-friendly
1 New questions: All new question are so identified This will provide long-time users of
Economics with a fresh set of questions
2 Grouping by topic: As in previous editions, all questions are grouped by topic and sequenced in
the same order as the text material A table at the beginning of each Test Bank chapter lists the topics and corresponding question numbers Each topic has been numbered for easy reference This sequencing should reduce the time required to make up well-balanced exams
3 Consider This and Last Word questions: Test Bank I contains and identifies two or three
questions on each Consider This and Last Word vignette
4 Coding: Each item contains a code that identifies the particular type of question For example,
A=application of concept; D=definition; G=graphical analysis, and so forth These codes are identified following this Preface, while the coding itself is found above each question Former users of Test Bank I have found these codes useful in preparing exams and in identifying the types of questions missed by students
5 Page references: Each question includes a 16th Edition page reference To aid instructors who are
using the paperback split volumes, we list three separate page numbers: E indicates the
Economics page number; MA indicates the Macroeconomics split volume page number; and MI indicates the Microeconomics split volume page number
All Test Bank I questions are also available in a Brownstone test generating system for PCs and
Macintosh computers Contact your McGraw-Hill/Irwin sales representative for more information
We wish to thank Robert Jensen for assistance and Becky Szura for her expertise in creating the
Brownstone Diploma version
Stanley L Brue Campbell R McConnell
Trang 5There are three versions of the 16th edition of McConnell/Brue Economics:
Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, and Economics Test Bank I follows the Economics chapter order Use the following chart to see how Test Bank I/Economics chapters correspond with the other two books:
Economics/TB I Chapter Macroeconomics Chapter Microeconomics Chapter
Bold type indicates chapters common to all three books
*** indicates chapters that do not appear in a particular split version of the text
W indicates chapters that are available only at the book’s website,
www.mcconnell16.com
Trang 6The codes above each question indicate the following question types:
A question that calls for solving one or more equations Many of these are designated
as advanced analysis questions
A question that requires students to interpret or manipulate tabular material
New = New Question
A question that is new to this edition of Test Bank I
E = Economics, 16th Edition
MA = Macroeconomics, 16th Edition
MI = Microeconomics, 16th Edition
Trang 7The Nature and Method of Economics
_
5 Macroeconomics and microeconomics 48-56
6 Positive and normative statements 57-66
Multiple Choice Questions
Economics; economic perspective
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4 Status: New
1 For economists, the word "utility" means:
A) versatility and flexibility B) rationality C) pleasure and satisfaction D) purposefulness Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4 Status: New
2 In economics, the pleasure, happiness, or satisfaction received from a product is called:
A) marginal cost B) rational outcome C) status fulfillment D) utility
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4 Status: New
3 When economists say that people act rationally in their self interest, they mean that individuals: A) look for and pursue opportunities to increase their utility
B) generally disregard the interests of others
C) are mainly creatures of habit
D) are unpredictable
Answer: A
Trang 8Type: A Topic: 1 E: 3 MI: 3 MA: 3
4 According to Emerson: "Want is a growing giant whom the coat of Have was never large enough to cover." According to economists, "Want" exceeds "Have" because:
A) people are greedy C) human beings are inherently insecure
B) productive resources are limited D) people are irrational
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
5 According to economists, economic self-interest:
A) is a reality that underlies economic behavior C) is more characteristic of men than of women B) has the same meaning as selfishness D) is usually self-defeating
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
6 When entering a building, Sam diverts his path to go through an open door rather than make the physical effort to open the closed door that is directly in his path This is an example of:
A) irrational behavior C) marginal benefit-marginal cost analysis
Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
7 Joe sold gold coins for $1000 that he bought a year ago for $1000 He says, "At least I didn't lose any money on my financial investment." His economist friend points out that in effect he did lose money, because he could have received a 3 percent return on the $1000 if he had bought a bank certificate of deposit instead of the coins The economist's analysis in this case incorporates the idea of:
B) marginal benefits that exceed marginal costs D) normative economics
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4-5 MI: 4-5 MA: 4-5
8 There is too little of a good thing when its marginal:
A) benefit exceeds its marginal cost C) cost equals its marginal benefit
B) cost exceeds its marginal benefit D) benefit is still positive
Answer: A
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 3 MI: 3 MA: 3
9 Economics may best be defined as the:
A) interaction between macro and micro considerations
B) social science concerned with the efficient use of scarce resources to achieve maximum satisfaction of economic wants
C) empirical testing of value judgments through the use of logic
D) use of policy to refute facts and hypotheses
Answer: B
Trang 9Type: D Topic: 1 E: 3 MI: 3 MA: 3
10 The study of economics is primarily concerned with:
A) keeping private businesses from losing money
B) demonstrating that capitalistic economies are superior to socialistic economies
C) choices that are made in seeking to use scarce resources efficiently
D) determining the most equitable distribution of society's output
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
11 The economic perspective refers to:
A) macroeconomic phenomena, but not microeconomic phenomena
B) microeconomic phenomena, but not macroeconomic phenomena
C) the making of rational decisions in a context of marginal costs and marginal benefits D) unlimited resources in a context of limited economic wants
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
12 The economic perspective entails:
A) irrational behavior by individuals and institutions
B) a comparison of marginal benefits and marginal costs in decision making
C) short-term but not long-term thinking
D) rejection of the scientific method
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
13 Rational behavior suggests that:
A) everyone will make identical choices
B) resource availability exceeds economic wants
C) individuals will make different choices because their preferences and circumstances differ D) an individual's economic goals cannot involve tradeoffs
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
14 Economics involves marginal analysis because:
A) most decisions involve changes from the present situation
B) marginal benefits always exceed marginal costs
C) marginal costs always exceed marginal benefits
D) much economic behavior is irrational
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
15 You should decide to go to a movie:
A) if the marginal cost of the movie exceeds its marginal benefit
B) if the marginal benefit of the movie exceeds its marginal cost
C) if your income will allow you to buy a ticket
D) because movies are enjoyable
Answer: B
Trang 10Type: D Topic: 1 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
16 Marginal costs exist because:
A) the decision to produce more of some product means the sacrifice of other products
B) wants are scarce relative to resources
C) households and businesses make rational decisions
D) most decisions do not involve sacrifices or tradeoffs
Answer: A
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 3 MI: 3 MA: 3
17 The assertion that "There is no free lunch" means that:
A) there are always tradeoffs between economic goals
B) all production involves the use of scarce resources and thus the sacrifice of alternative goods C) marginal analysis is not used in economic reasoning
D) choices need not be made if behavior is rational
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
18 Consumers spend their incomes to get the maximum benefit or satisfaction from the goods and services they purchase This is a reflection of:
A) resource scarcity and the necessity of choice
B) rational behavior
C) marginal costs that exceed marginal benefits
D) the tradeoff problem that exists between competing goals
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
19 There can be too much of a good thing This statement suggests that:
A) rational choice cannot be applied to many economic decisions
B) a good may be produced to the point where its marginal cost exceeds its marginal benefit
C) certain goods and services such as education and health care are inherently desirable and should be produced regardless of costs and benefits
D) a good may be produced to the point where its marginal benefit exceeds its marginal cost
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 1 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
20 Even though local newspapers are very inexpensive, people rarely buy more than one of them each day This fact:
A) is an example of irrational behavior
B) implies that reading should be taught through phonics rather than the whole language method C) contradicts the economic perspective
D) implies that, for most people, the marginal benefit of reading a second newspaper is less than the marginal cost
Answer: D
Trang 11Benefits of studying economics
Type: A Topic: 2 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
21 Studying economics:
A) helps one become a better-informed citizen and voter
B) is detrimental to good citizenship because economics emphasizes individualism
C) is a waste of time since we all participate in the economy whether we understand it or not
D) is important because economics is the science of earning money
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 2 E: 5 MI: 5 MA: 5
22 Learning economics:
A) is detrimental to good citizenship because economics emphasizes individualism
B) is helpful to employers, but not to workers and consumers
C) is important because economics is the science of earning money
D) helps students improve analytical skills that are in great demand in the workplace
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 2 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
23 The study of economics:
A) is similar to management, marketing, and finance since it emphasizes how to make money
B) is helpful to businesses, but not particularly helpful in making personal buying decisions
C) is mainly an academic, not a vocational subject
D) looks at the economy from the viewpoint of one's own pocketbook, not from the standpoint of society's interest
Answer: C
Methodology
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
24 An economic hypothesis:
A) has the same meaning as an economic principal or economic law
B) is usually a normative statement
C) is a possible explanation of cause and effect
D) is a stronger generalization than an economic law
Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 3 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
25 Which of the following terms implies the least degree of confidence in an economic generalization? A) a hypothesis B) a theory C) a principle D) a law
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
26 Which of the following terms implies the greatest degree of confidence in an economic generalization? A) a hypothesis B) a theory C) a principle D) an anomaly
Answer: C
Trang 12Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
27 A well-tested economic theory is often called:
A) a hypothesis B) a prototype C) a principle D) an anomaly
Answer: C
Type: C Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
28 Economists:
A) use both the economic perspective and the scientific method
B) use the economic perspective but not the scientific method
C) make positive economic statements, but not normative economic statements
D) reject theorizing as being impractical
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 3 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
29 The scientific method is:
A) not applicable to economics, because economics deals with human beings
B) also known as the economic perspective
C) analysis that moves from broad generalizations called laws to theories and then to hypotheses D) used by economists and other social scientists, as well as by physical scientists and life scientists Answer: D
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
30 The process by which economists test hypotheses against facts to develop theories, principles, and models
A) are useless because they are not based on laboratory experimentation
B) that are true for individual economic units are never true for the economy as a whole
C) are generalizations based on a careful observation of facts
D) are abstractions and therefore of no application to real situations
Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 3 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
32 Theoretical economics:
A) is also known as policy economics
B) is the process of deriving principles of economics
C) is highly impractical since it does not deal with the real world
D) rejects the scientific method as being inappropriate for the social sciences
Answer: B
Trang 13Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
33 Which of the following is a correct statement?
A) Economic concepts or laws that are valid during depression are necessarily valid during prosperity B) Though not quantitatively exact, economic laws are useful because they allow us to predict and therefore control or adjust to events
C) Economics is as scientific as are physics and chemistry because economic laws are as quantitatively precise as the laws of physics or chemistry
D) Because economics is concerned with questions of "ought," it is a branch of applied ethics and not scientific
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
34 In constructing models, economists:
A) make simplifying assumptions C) must use mathematical equations
B) include all available information D) attempt to duplicate the real world
Answer: A
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
35 Economic models:
A) are of limited use because they cannot be tested empirically
B) are limited to variables that are directly related to one another
C) emphasize basic economic relationships by abstracting from the complexities of the real world D) are unrealistic and therefore of no practical consequence
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
36 The term "ceteris paribus" means:
A) that if event A precedes event B, A has caused B
B) that economics deals with facts, not values
C) other things equal
D) prosperity inevitably follows recession
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
37 The basic purpose of the other-things-equal assumption is to:
A) allow one to reason about the relationship between variables X and Y without the intrusion of variable
Z
B) allow one to focus upon micro variables by ignoring macro variables
C) allow one to focus upon macro variables by ignoring micro variables
D) determine whether X causes Y or vice versa
Answer: A
Trang 14Type: A Topic: 3 E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
38 Suppose an economist says that "Other things equal, the lower the price of bananas, the greater the amount
of bananas purchased." This statement indicates that:
A) the quantity of bananas purchased determines the price of bananas
B) all factors other than the price of bananas (for example, consumer tastes and incomes) are assumed to
be constant
C) economists can conduct controlled laboratory experiments
D) one cannot generalize about the relationship between the price of bananas and the quantity purchased Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 6 MI: 6 MA: 6
39 An hypothesis is:
A) a fundamental truth that all economists accept
B) a tentative, untested statement of possible cause and effect
C) the same as a normative statement
D) also known as a principle or law
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 3 E: 8 MI: 8 MA: 8
40 The term "other things equal" means that:
A) the associated statement is normative
B) many variables affect the variable under consideration
C) a number of relevant variables are assumed to be constant
D) when variable X increases so does related variable Y
Answer: C
Economic policy and goals
Type: F Topic: 4 E: 8 MI: 8 MA: 8 Status: New
41 Which of the following statements is true?
A) The process of deriving economic theories and principles is known as policy economics
B) Full employment, price-level stability, and economic growth are widely accepted macroeconomics goals in the United States
C) Normative economics deals with "what is," whereas positive economics deals with "what ought to be." D) There can be too little of a good thing, but never too much of a good thing
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 4 E: 8 MI: 8 MA: 8
42 In formulating economic policy it is important to:
A) use only positive economics, not normative economics
B) consider the benefits and costs of the various policy options for reaching desired goals
C) avoid outcomes for which marginal benefits exceed marginal costs
D) use only normative economics, not positive economics
Answer: B
Trang 15Type: D Topic: 4 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
43 If there is a tradeoff between goals A and B:
A) greater fulfillment of A means lesser fulfillment of B
B) goals A and B are positively correlated
C) causation exists between the two goals
D) greater fulfillment of A means greater fulfillment of B
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 4 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
44 The achieving of complete economic freedom is most likely to conflict with the goal of:
A) price-level stability C) an equitable distribution of income
Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 4 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
45 If a reduction in the unemployment rate is always accompanied by a reduction in income inequality, then: A) full employment and greater income equality are conflicting goals
B) full employment and greater income equality are compatible goals
C) reduced income inequality is a more important goal than is achieving full employment
D) achieving full employment is a more important goal than reducing income inequality
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 4 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
46 Most of the disagreement among economists involves:
A) the use of statistics B) the gathering of facts C) generalizing upon facts D) policy economics Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 4 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
47 With respect to the basic economic goals of society, for example, economic growth, full employment, economic efficiency, price level stability, economic freedom, distributional equity, and economic security,
it can be said that:
A) all are accepted and assigned similar priorities in every industrialized society
B) all are precisely measurable
C) some goals are complementary and others are conflicting
D) all are conflicting goals
Answer: C
Macroeconomics and microeconomics
Type: D Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
48 Macroeconomics approaches the study of economics from the viewpoint of:
A) the entire economy
B) governmental units
C) the operation of specific product and resource markets
D) individual firms
Answer: A
Trang 16Type: A Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
49 Which of the following is associated with macroeconomics?
A) an examination of the incomes of Harvard Business School graduates
B) an empirical investigation of the general price level and unemployment rates since 1990
C) a study of the trend of pecan prices since the Second World War
D) a case study of pricing and production in the textbook industry
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
50 The problems of aggregate inflation and unemployment are:
A) major topics of macroeconomics C) major topics of microeconomics
B) not relevant to the U.S economy D) peculiar to command economies
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
51 Which of the following statements pertains to macroeconomics?
A) Because the minimum wage was raised, Mrs Olsen decided to enter the labor force
B) A decline in the price of soybeans caused farmer Wanek to plant more land in wheat
C) The national productivity rate grew by 2.7 percent last year
D) The Pumpkin Center State Bank increased its interest rate on consumer loans by 1 percentage point Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
52 Macroeconomics can best be described as the:
A) analysis of how a consumer tries to spend income
B) study of the large aggregates of the economy or the economy as a whole
C) analysis of how firms attempt to maximize their profits
D) study of how supply and demand determine prices in individual markets
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
53 Microeconomics is concerned with:
A) the aggregate or total levels of income, employment, and output
B) a detailed examination of specific economic units that make up the economic system
C) positive economics, but not normative economics
D) the establishing of an overall view of the operation of the economic system
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
54 Microeconomics:
A) is the basis for the "after this, therefore because of this" fallacy
B) is not concerned with details, but only with the overall big picture of the economy
C) is concerned with individual economic units and specific markets
D) describes the aggregate flows of output and income
Answer: C
Trang 17Type: A Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
55 Which of the following is a macroeconomic statement?
A) The gross profits of all U.S businesses were $182 billion last year
B) The price of beef declined by 3 percent last year
C) General Motors' profits increased last year
D) The productivity of steelworkers increased by 1 percent last year
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 5 E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
56 Which of the following is a microeconomic statement?
A) The real domestic output increased by 2.5 percent last year
B) Unemployment was 6.8 percent of the labor force last year
C) The price of personal computers declined last year
D) The general price level increased by 4 percent last year
Answer: C
Positive and normative statements
Type: D Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
57 A normative statement is one that:
A) is based on the law of averages C) applies only to macroeconomics
B) applies only to microeconomics D) is based on value judgments
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
58 Which of the following is a normative statement?
A) The temperature is high today C) It is too hot to play tennis today
B) The humidity is high today D) It will cool off later this evening
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
59 A positive statement is one which is:
A) derived by induction C) subjective and is based on a value judgment B) derived by deduction D) objective and is based on facts
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
60 Which of the following is a positive statement?
A) The humidity is too high today C) The temperature is 92 degrees today B) It is too hot to jog today D) I enjoy summer evenings when it cools off Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
61 Normative statements are concerned with:
B) what ought to be D) rational choice involving costs and benefits Answer: B
Trang 18Type: D Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
62 A positive statement is concerned with:
A) some goal that is desirable to society C) what is
B) what should be D) the formulation of economic policy Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
63 Ideally, value judgments are involved at the:
A) levels of facts, theory, and policy C) level of facts only
B) levels of facts and theory only D) level of policy only
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
64 Most of the disagreement among economists involves:
A) facts B) principles C) positive statements D) normative statements
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
65 "Economics is concerned with using scarce productive resources efficiently in attempting to satisfy society's economic wants." This statement is:
A) positive, but incorrect C) normative, but incorrect
B) positive and correct D) normative and correct
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 6 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
66 Ben says that "An increase in the tax on beer will raise its price." Holly argues that "Taxes should be increased on beer because college students drink too much." We can conclude that:
A) Ben's statement is normative, but Holly's is positive
B) Holly's statement is normative, but Ben's is positive
C) Both statements are normative
D) Both statements are positive
Answer: B
Logical pitfalls
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
67 The fallacy of composition states that:
A) because economic systems are composed of so many diverse economic units, economic laws are necessarily inexact
B) the anticipation of a particular event can affect the composition of that event when it occurs C) what is true for the individual must necessarily be true for the group
D) because event A precedes event B, A is necessarily the cause of B
Answer: C
Trang 19Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
68 The "after this, because of this" fallacy states that:
A) because event A precedes event B, A is necessarily the cause of B
B) the very attempt to accomplish a certain objective may create conditions that prohibit the achievement
Type: A Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
69 The safest way for an individual to leave a burning theater is to run for the nearest exit; it is therefore also the best means of escape for a large audience This assertion illustrates the:
A) "after this, therefore because of this" fallacy C) fallacy of composition
B) correlation fallacy D) fallacy of limited decisions
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
70 Which of the following has to do with the idea that generalizations that apply to individuals are also always valid for a group?
A) the law of large numbers C) the fallacy of composition
B) the law of averages D) the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
71 The fallacy of composition states that:
A) generalizations relevant to microeconomics never apply to macroeconomics
B) expectations give rise to self-fulfilling prophesies
C) generalizations pertaining to individuals always apply to the group
D) quantifiable economic goals are always incompatible with one another
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
72 The "after this, because of this" fallacy states that:
A) positive statements are always followed by normative judgments
B) positive statements can never be proven true or false
C) if one acts on one's expectations, those expectations will always be fulfilled
D) cause and effect can be determined merely by observing the sequence of events
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
73 If you leave a football game at the end of the third quarter, you will avoid traffic and get home more quickly Therefore, everyone should leave the game early This assertion illustrates the:
A) moral hazard problem C) fallacy of limited decisions
B) adverse selection problem D) fallacy of composition
Answer: D
Trang 20Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
74 Which of the following has to do with the problem of distinguishing cause and effect in economic reasoning?
A) the law of large numbers C) the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy B) the law of averages D) the fallacy of composition
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
75 Which of the following best illustrates the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy?
A) Because it was 90 degrees today, I worked up a sweat playing tennis
B) I took the day off work to go to the beach and that's why it rained
C) Because it rained at the football game, my new sweater got wet
D) Because I have studied diligently this semester, my grade average has improved
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
76 The fallacy of composition is essentially the error of:
A) omitting relevant variables in constructing a model
B) reasoning from the general to the particular
C) confusing cause and effect in economic relationships
D) generalizing from the particular to the general
Answer: D
Type: D Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
77 The post hoc fallacy and the correlation problem both relate to:
A) the calculation of marginal costs and marginal benefits of any economic activity
B) the issue of determining causation
C) the frequent inability of households and businesses to behave rationally
D) the tradeoff problem associated with competing goals
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11
78 If variables X and Y are positively correlated, this means that:
A) X is the cause of Y
B) Y is the cause of X
C) causation necessarily exists, but we don't know whether X or Y is the cause
D) causation may or may not exist between X and Y
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11 Status: New
79 "The government deregulated the electricity industry in California and a shortage of electricity soon occurred It is clear that the deregulation caused the shortage." This statement needs careful analysis because it may reflect the:
A) the fallacy of composition C) use of loaded terminology
B) post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy D) the law of averages
Answer: B
Trang 21Type: A Topic: 7 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10 Status: New
80 A caller to a radio talk show states that multinational corporations are "greedy exploiters of the poor." This
is an example of:
A) loaded terminology
B) the "after this, therefore because of this fallacy."
C) the fallacy of composition
D) the economic perspective
Answer: A
Type: A Topic: 7 E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10 Status: New
81 A caller to a radio talk show states that protesters against globalization are a collection of "anarchist punks, nạve college students, and trade union radicals." This is an example of:
A) the fallacy of composition C) loaded terminology
B) the economic perspective D) marginal analysis
Answer: C
Type: F Topic: 7 E: 11 MI: 11 MA: 11 Status: New
82 A study found that the incidence of skin cancer increases along with the amount of time people work under fluorescent light, leading some people to conclude that fluorescent lighting is a cause of skin cancer But further analysis found that people who work in offices, where fluorescent light is common, suffer more sunburn on their vacations than other workers The sunburns, not the fluorescent light, were the cause of the higher incidence of skin cancer The original conclusion illustrates:
A) the fallacy of composition
B) confusion of correlation and causation
C) identifying marginal costs and marginal benefits
D) biases and loaded terminology
Answer: B
Consider This Questions
Type: F E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4 Status: New
83 (Consider This) Free products offered by firms:
A) may or may not be free to society, but are never free to individuals
B) may or may not be free to individuals, but are never free to society
C) are produced and distributed at no cost to society
D) usually are items nobody wants
Answer: B
Type: F E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4 Status: New
84 (Consider This) The assertion by economists that "there is no free lunch" is:
A) contradicted by the presence of free goods offered by firms
B) applies to goods that have prices, not to goods given away free by firms
C) remains true even for goods given away free by firms
D) applies to agricultural goods, but not to manufactured goods
Answer: C
Trang 22Last Word Questions
Type: A E: 12 MI: 12 MA: 12
85 (Last Word) The economic perspective used in customer decision making at fast-food restaurants is reflected in:
A) customers selecting the shortest line
B) decisions for which marginal costs exceed marginal benefits
C) all customer lines tending to be of different length
D) irrational purchasing of high-fat-content food
Answer: A
Type: A E: 12 MI: 12 MA: 12
86 (Last Word) At fast-food restaurants:
A) consumers enjoy complete and accurate information
B) decisions are usually made by trial and error
C) decisions entail comparisons of marginal costs and marginal benefits
D) benefits always exceed costs
Answer: C
Type: A E: 12 MI: 12 MA: 12
87 (Last Word) Consumers might leave a fast-food restaurant without being served because:
A) they are misinformed about the marginal cost and marginal benefits of the food being served
B) they conclude that the marginal cost (monetary plus time costs) exceeds the marginal benefit
C) the environment is not conducive to a rational choice
D) the lines waiting for service are not of equal length
Answer: B
True/False Questions
Type: D E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
88 An economic model is an ideal or utopian type of economy that society should strive to obtain through economic policy
Answer: False
Type: D E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
89 Because economic generalizations are abstract, they are impractical and useless
Answer: False
Type: D E: 7 MI: 7 MA: 7
90 If economic theories are solidly based on relevant facts, then appropriate economic policy becomes obvious and undebatable
Answer: False
Type: A E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
91 Normative statements are expressions of facts
Answer: False
Trang 23Type: D E: 10 MI: 10 MA: 10
92 Positive statements are expressions of value judgments
Answer: False
Type: D E: 3 MI: 3 MA: 3
93 The primary objective of economics is to help businesspersons operate their firms profitably
Answer: False
Type: D E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
94 The basic goals for the U.S economy are always complementary since the achievement of any one goal simultaneously furthers the attainment of other basic goals
Answer: False
Type: D E: 9 MI: 9 MA: 9
95 Macroeconomics explains the behavior of individual households and business firms; microeconomics is concerned with the behavior of aggregates or the economy as a whole
Answer: False
Type: D E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
96 Rational behavior implies that everyone will make identical choices
Answer: False
Type: D E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
97 Marginal analysis means that decision-makers compare the extra benefits with the extra costs of a specific choice
Answer: True
Type: D E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
98 Certain inherently desirable products such as education and health care should be produced so long as resources are available
Answer: False
Type: A E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
99 Rational individuals may make different choices because their preferences and circumstances differ Answer: True
Type: D E: 4 MI: 4 MA: 4
100 Choices entail marginal costs because resources are scarce
Answer: True
Trang 24Appendix
Multiple Choice Questions
Construction and interpretation of graphs
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
101 If we say that two variables are directly related, this means that:
A) the relationship between the two is purely random
B) an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable
C) an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other variable
D) the two graph as a downsloping line
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
102 If we say that two variables are inversely related, this means that:
A) the two graph as an upsloping line
B) an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other
C) an increase in one variable is associated with an increase in the other
D) the resulting relationship can be portrayed by a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
104 Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The value of the independent variable is determined by the value of the dependent variable
B) The value of the dependent variable is determined by the value of the independent variable
C) The dependent variable designates the "cause" and the independent variable the "effect."
D) Dependent variables graph as upsloping lines; independent variables graph as downsloping lines Answer: B
Trang 25Use the following to answer questions 105-108:
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
105 Refer to the above diagram Which line(s) show(s) a positive relationship between x and y?
A) A only B) both A and D C) A, B, and D D) both C and E
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
106 Refer to the above diagram Which line(s) show(s) a negative relationship between x and y?
A) A only B) both A and D C) A, B, and D D) both C and E
Answer: D
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
107 Refer to the above diagram Which line(s) show(s) a positive vertical intercept?
A) A and D only B) B and C only C) A, D, and E D) A, D, and B
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
108 Refer to the above diagram Which line(s) show(s) a negative vertical intercept?
A) C only B) both C and E C) B, C, and E D) both B and C
Answer: D
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
109 If two variables are inversely related, then as the value of one variable:
A) increases, the value of the other may either increase or decrease
B) decreases, the value of the other decreases
C) increases, the value of the other decreases
D) increases, the value of the other increases
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
110 If a positive relationship exists between x and y:
A) an increase in x will cause y to decrease C) the relationship will graph as an upsloping line B) a decrease in x will cause y to increase D) the vertical intercept must be positive
Answer: C
Trang 26Use the following to answer questions 111-113:
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
111 Answer on the basis of the relationships shown in the above four figures The amount of Y is directly
related to the amount of X in:
A) both 1 and 3 B) both 1 and 2 C) 2 only D) l only
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
112 Answer on the basis of the relationships shown in the above four figures The amount of Y is inversely
related to the amount of X in:
A) 2 only B) both 1 and 3 C) 3 only D) 1 only
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
113 Answer on the basis of the relationships shown in the above four figures The amount of Y is unrelated to
the amount of X in:
A) both 2 and 4 B) 3 only C) 2 only D) 1
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
114 If price (P) and quantity (Q) are directly related, this means that:
A) a change in Q will alter P, but a change in P will not alter Q
B) if P increases, Q will decrease
C) if P increases, Q will also increase
D) an increase in P will cause Q to change, but the direction in which Q changes cannot be predicted Answer: C
Trang 27Use the following to answer questions 115-117:
Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following information Assume that if the interest rate that
businesses must pay to borrow funds were 20 percent, it would be unprofitable for businesses to invest in new machinery and equipment so that investment would be zero But if the interest rate were 16 percent, businesses will find it profitable to invest $10 billion If the interest rate were 12 percent, $20 billion would be invested Assume that total investment continues to increase by $10 billion for each successive 4 percentage point decline in the interest rate
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
115 Refer to the above information Which of the following is an accurate verbal statement of the described
relationship?
A) There is no regular or dependable relationship between business investment and the interest rate B) The amount of business investment is unaffected by changes in the interest rate
C) Investment spending by businesses varies inversely with the interest rate
D) Investment spending by businesses varies directly with the interest rate
Answer: C
Type: A Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
116 Refer to the above information Using i and I to indicate the interest rate and investment (in billions of
dollars) respectively, which of the following is the correct tabular presentation of the described
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
117 Refer to the above information Which of the following correctly expresses the indicated relationship as an
equation?
A) i = 20 - 4I B) i = 20 - 4I C) i = 24 - 4I D) i = 20 - 10I
Answer: B
Trang 28Type: T Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
118
Assume that if the interest rate that businesses must pay to borrow funds were 20 percent, it would be unprofitable for businesses to invest in new machinery and equipment so that investment would be zero But if the interest rate were 16 percent, businesses will find it profitable to invest $10 billion If the interest rate were 12 percent, $20 billion would be invested Assume that total investment continues to increase by
$10 billion for each successive 4 percentage point decline in the interest rate Refer to the above graph Which of the following is the correct graphical presentation of the indicated relationship?
A) line 4 B) line 3 C) line 2 D) line 1
Answer: D
Use the following to answer questions 119-121:
Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following data:
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
119 The above data suggest that:
A) consumption varies inversely with after-tax income
B) consumption varies directly with after-tax income
C) consumption and after-tax income are unrelated
D) a tax increase will increase consumption
Answer: B
Trang 29Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
120 The above data indicate that:
A) consumers spend 80 percent of their after-tax incomes
B) consumers spend 90 percent of their after-tax incomes
C) a tax reduction will reduce consumption
D) the relationship between consumption and after-tax income is random
Answer: B
Type: T Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
121 The above data suggest that:
A) a policy of tax reduction will increase consumption
B) a policy of tax increases will increase consumption
C) tax changes will have no impact on consumption
D) after-tax income should be lowered to increase consumption
Answer: A
Type: T Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
122 The slope of a straight line can be determined by:
A) comparing the absolute horizontal change to the absolute vertical change between two points on the line
B) comparing the absolute vertical change to the absolute horizontal change between two points on the line
C) taking the reciprocal of the vertical intercept
D) comparing the percentage vertical change to the percentage horizontal change between two points on the line
Answer: B
Use the following to answer questions 123-126:
Type: C Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
123 Refer to the above diagram The variables X and Y are:
A) inversely related B) directly related C) unrelated D) negatively related
Answer: B
Type: A Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
124 Refer to the above diagram The vertical intercept:
A) is 40 B) is 50 C) is 60 D) cannot be determined from the information given
Answer: B
Trang 30Type: G Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
125 Refer to the above diagram The slope of the line:
A) is - 1/4 B) is + 1/4 C) is 40 D) cannot be determined from the information given Answer: B
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
126 Refer to the above diagram The equation that shows the relationship between Y and X is:
A) Y = 50 + 1/4 X B) X = 1/4 Y C) Y = 4X D) Y = 1/4 X - 50
Answer: A
Use the following to answer questions 127-131:
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
127 Refer to the above graph Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Quantity demanded and quantity supplied are independent of price
B) Price and quantity demanded are directly related
C) Price and quantity supplied are directly related
D) Price and quantity supplied are inversely related
Answer: C
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
128 Refer to the above graph Which of the following schedules correctly reflects "demand"?
Trang 31Type: G Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
129 Refer to the above graph Which of the following schedules correctly reflects "supply"?
Type: C Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
130 Refer to the above graph Using Qd for quantity demanded and P for price, which of the following
equations correctly states the demand for this product?
A) P = Qd/10 B) P = 50 - P/2 C) P = 10 - 2Qd D) P = 10 - 2Qd
Answer: C
Type: C Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
131 Refer to the above graph Using Qs for quantity supplied and P for price, which of the following equations
correctly states the supply of this product?
A) P = 4 + 2Qs B) P = 60/Qs C) P = 10Qs - 2P D) P = 2 + 2Qs
Answer: D
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
132 Assume a household would consume $100 worth of goods and services per week if its weekly income were
zero and would spend an additional $80 per week for each $100 of additional income Letting C represent consumption and Y represent income, the equation that summarizes this relationship is:
A) C = 80 + 100Y B) C = 100 + 8Y C) C = 100 + 80Y D) C = 80 + 1Y
Answer: B
Trang 32Use the following to answer questions 133-139:
Answer the next question(s) on the basis of the following five data sets wherein it is assumed that the variable shown on the left is the independent variable and the one on the right is the dependent variable Assume in graphing these data that the independent variable is shown on the horizontal axis and the dependent variable on the vertical axis
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
133 Refer to the above data sets The variables are directly related in:
A) all five data sets C) in data sets 1, 2, and 3 only
B) in none of the data sets D) in data sets 1, 2, and 5 only
Answer: D
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
134 Refer to the above data sets The vertical intercept is positive for:
A) all five data sets B) data sets 1 and 3 only C) data sets 1, 3, and 5 only D) data set 2 only Answer: B
Type: T Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
135 Refer to the above data sets The vertical intercept is negative for:
A) none of the data sets C) data sets 2 and 4 only
B) data sets 1 and 3 only D) data sets 1 and 5 only
Answer: C
Type: T Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
136 Refer to the above data sets The equation for data set 3 is:
A) P = 90 - 5N B) P = 90 + 5N C) P = 5N D) P = 40 + 5N
Answer: A
Type: T Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
137 Refer to the above data sets For which data set(s) is the vertical intercept zero?
A) data set 4 B) data set 5 C) data sets 2 and 3 D) data set 1
Answer: B
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
138 Refer to the above data sets The equation for data set 5 is:
A) V = 5Y B) U = -.5V C) U = V D) V = 2U
Answer: D
Trang 33Type: E Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
139 Refer to the above data sets Which of the data sets would graph as an upsloping line?
A) 1 only B) 1, 2, and 3 only C) 4 and 5 only D) 1, 2, and 5 only
Answer: D
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
140 If the equation y = 5 + 6x was graphed, the:
B) slope would be +5 D) vertical intercept would be +.6 Answer: C
Type: C Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
141 If the equation y = 15 - 4x was plotted, the:
A) vertical intercept would be -4 C) vertical intercept would be +9 B) vertical intercept would be +4 D) slope would be -4
Answer: D
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
142 If the equation y = -10 + 2.5x was plotted:
A) the vertical intercept would be -10 C) it would graph as a downsloping line B) the slope would be -7.5 D) the slope would be -10
Answer: A
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
143
The movement from line A to line A' represents a change in:
A) the slope only C) both the slope and the intercept B) the intercept only D) neither the slope nor the intercept Answer: B
Trang 34Use the following to answer questions 144-146:
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 16 MI: 16 MA: 16
144 In the above diagram variables x and y are:
A) both dependent variables B) directly related C) inversely related D) unrelated
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
145 In the above diagram the vertical intercept and slope are:
A) 4 and -11/3 respectively C) 3 and + 3/4 respectively
B) 3 and -11/3 respectively D) 4 and + 3/4 respectively
Answer: A
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
146 In the above diagram the equation for this line is:
A) y = 4 - 11/3 x B) y = 3 + 3/4 x C) y = 4 - 3/4 x D) y = 4 + 11/3 x
Answer: A
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 17 MI: 17 MA: 17
147 If we are considering the relationship between two variables and release one of the other-things-equal
assumptions, we would expect:
A) the relationship to change from direct to inverse
B) the line representing that relationship on a graph to change locations
C) the data points to have a tighter fit to the line representing the relationship
D) the relationship to change from inverse to direct
Answer: B
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
148 The amount of pizzas that consumers want to buy per week is reflected in the equation P = 15 - 02Qd,
where Qd is the amount of pizzas purchased per week and P is the price of pizzas On the basis of this information we can say that:
A) if pizzas were free, people would consume 800 per week
B) more pizzas will be purchased at a high price than at a low price
C) if the price of pizzas is $6, then 150 will be purchased
D) 50 fewer pizzas will be purchased per week for every $1 increase in price
Answer: D
Trang 35Use the following to answer questions 149-151:
Type: A Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
149 Refer to the above diagram The slope of curve ZZ at point A is:
A) +2 B) +21/2 C) -21/2 D) +4
Answer: B
Type: E Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
150 Refer to the above diagram The slope of curve ZZ at point B is:
A) infinity B) zero C) +1 D) -1
Answer: B
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
151 Refer to the above diagram The slope of curve ZZ at point C is:
A) -4 B) -2 C) -22/5 D) +3
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
152 The slope of a line parallel to the vertical axis is:
A) zero B) one C) infinite D) one-half
Answer: C
Type: G Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
153 The slope of a line parallel to the horizontal axis is:
A) zero B) one C) infinite D) one-half
Answer: A
Type: D Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
154 The measured slope of a line:
A) is independent of how the two variables are denominated
B) will be affected by how the two variables are denominated
C) necessarily diminishes as one moves rightward on the line
D) necessarily increases as one moves rightward on the line
Answer: B
Trang 36Type: D Topic: 8 E: 18 MI: 18 MA: 18
155 Slopes of lines are especially important in economics because:
A) they measure marginal changes
B) they always tell us something about profits
C) positive slopes are always preferred to negative slopes
D) they always relate to resource and output scarcity
Answer: A
Trang 37The Economizing Problem
_
3 Efficiency; full employment and full production 24-27
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 22 MI: 22 MA: 22
1 The economizing problem is one of deciding how to make the best use of: A) virtually unlimited resources to satisfy virtually unlimited wants B) limited resources to satisfy virtually unlimited wants
C) unlimited resources to satisfy limited wants
D) limited resources to satisfy limited wants
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
2 The concept of economic efficiency is primarily concerned with:
A) the limited wants-unlimited resources dilemma
B) considerations of equity in the distribution of wealth
C) obtaining the maximum output from available resources
D) the conservation of irreplaceable natural resources
Answer: C
Trang 38Type: D Topic: 1 E: 23 MI: 22 MA: 22
3 When the economist says that economic wants are insatiable, this means that:
A) economic resources are valuable only because they can be used to produce consumer goods
B) economic resources land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability are scarce
C) these wants are virtually unlimited and therefore incapable of complete satisfaction
D) the structure of consumer demand varies from time to time and from country to country
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 22 MI: 23 MA: 23
4 The fundamental problem of economics is:
A) to establish a democratic political framework for the provision of social goods and services
B) the establishment of prices that accurately reflect the relative scarcities of products and resources C) the scarcity of productive resources relative to economic wants
D) to achieve a more equitable distribution of money income in order to mitigate poverty
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 22 MI: 22 MA: 22
5 The science of economics stems from the fact that:
A) the production possibilities curve is bowed inward to the origin
B) resources are scarce relative to people's demand for goods and services
C) individuals and institutions behave only in their self-interest
D) historically the production possibilities curve has been shifting toward the origin
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23
6 The study of economics exists because:
A) government interferes with the efficient allocation of scarce resources
B) resources are scarce in relation to economic wants
C) the market system is an obstacle to the efficient use of plentiful resources to satisfy constrained wants D) resources are overly abundant as compared to wants; thus, an allocation problem exists
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23
7 The scarcity problem:
A) persists only because countries have failed to achieve continuous full employment
B) persists because economic wants exceed available productive resources
C) has been solved in all industrialized nations
D) has been eliminated in affluent societies such as the United States and Canada
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
8 Because of their scarcity, the efficient use of resources is:
A) an important issue in all economies
B) an important issue only in centrally planned economies
C) an important issue only in market economies
D) not an important issue
Answer: A
Trang 39Type: A Topic: 1 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
9 An increase in efficiency suggests that an economy:
A) has moved from a point outside of, to a point on, its production possibilities curve
B) has decided to produce more consumer goods and fewer capital goods
C) has moved from a point on, to a point inside, its production possibilities curve
D) is able to get more output from a given amount of inputs
Answer: D
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
10 Economics can best be described as the study of:
A) how to profitably invest one's income in stocks and bonds
B) how to use scarce productive resources efficiently
C) how government policies affect businesses and labor
D) managing business enterprises for profit
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23
11 As used in economics, the idea of scarce resources means that:
A) mineral deposits are only available in finite amounts
B) resources are not so plentiful that all economic wants can be fulfilled
C) some resources are free while others have price tags on them
D) the quantities available of some resources exceed the demand for them
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 1 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
12 Economics is primarily the study of:
A) why resources are scarce
B) how advertising and sales promotion shape consumer wants
C) how to make profitable financial investments
D) how to use scarce resources efficiently
Answer: D
Economic resources
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23 Status: New
13 Which of the following is a land resource?
A) a computer programmer C) silicon (sand) used to make computer chips
Answer: C
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23 Status: New
14 Which of the following is a labor resource?
A) a computer programmer C) silicon (sand) used to make computer chips
Answer: A
Trang 40Type: D Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23 Status: New
15 Which of the following is a capital resource?
A) a computer programmer
B) a corporate bond issued by a computer manufacturer
C) silicone (sand) used to make computer chips
D) a piece of software used by a firm
Answer: D
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23 Status: New
16 The four factors of production are:
A) land, labor, capital, and money
B) land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability
C) labor, capital, technology, and entrepreneurial ability
D) labor, capital, entrepreneurial ability, and money
Answer: B
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 29 MI: 29 MA: 29
17 Which of the following is a land resource?
A) a farmer B) an oil drilling rig C) a machine for detecting earthquakes D) natural gas Answer: D
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23
18 Which of the following lists includes only capital resources (and therefore no labor or land resources)? A) an ice arena; a professional hockey player; hockey uniforms
B) the owner of a new startup firm; a chemistry lab; a researcher
C) a hydroelectric dam; water behind the dam; power lines
D) autos owned by a car rental firm; computers at the car rental agency; the vans that shuffle rental customers to and from the airport
Answer: D
Type: A Topic: 2 E: 23 MI: 23 MA: 23
19 Money is not an economic resource because:
A) money, as such, is not productive
B) idle money balances do not earn interest income
C) the terms of trade can be determined in nonmonetary terms
D) money is not a free gift of nature
Answer: A
Type: D Topic: 2 E: 24 MI: 24 MA: 24
20 The money payments made to owners of land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurial ability are:
A) interest, wages, rent, and profits respectively
B) rent, wages, dividends, and interest respectively
C) rent, profits, wages, and interest respectively
D) rent, wages, interest, and profits respectively
Answer: D