INTRODUCTION
Problem
The government has implemented various policies and mechanisms to enhance business efficiency across industries, particularly in the forestry sector, by focusing on organization, enterprise management, resource management, and financial policies Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP, issued on November 8, 2005, emphasizes the contractual allocation of agricultural land, forest land, and water surfaces for aquaculture on State Farms and SFE, with key objectives including the sustainable and effective use of land and water resources, raising capital and labor to improve production and business performance, and ensuring balanced interests among stakeholders Additionally, these policies aim to create employment, reduce poverty, and contribute to regional security and development.
Contractual assignments of agricultural land, forest land, and water surface for aquaculture are governed by Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP, which significantly impacts various sectors of society These regulations directly influence the operational outcomes of businesses involved in land use and aquaculture activities.
Dong Bac Forestry Co., Ltd (Dong Bac Forestry Company) is a wholly state-owned enterprise and a member of the Vietnam Forestry Corporation The company operates production facilities across three provinces: Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, and Bac Giang With 100% charter capital owned by the state, Dong Bac Forestry specializes in forestry-related manufacturing and contributes significantly to Vietnam's forest industry.
The company specializes in the management, protection, construction, and development of forest resources, along with logging, wood processing, and trading services that support daily life It is responsible for a total natural area of 21,825 hectares, comprising 19,720 hectares of agricultural land—primarily forestry production (19,713 hectares) and a small portion of agricultural land (4.48 hectares)—as well as 932 hectares of non-agricultural land Additionally, there are 1,172 hectares of unused land under its management.
Following Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP dated November 8, 2005, on the contractual assignment of agricultural land, forest land, and water surface for aquaculture in State Farms, Dong Bac Forestry Company implemented these regulations in accordance with Circular No 102/2006/TT-BNN issued by MARD on November 13, 2006 As of December 31, 2013, the company successfully contracted 2,740 hectares of forest land, representing 84.6% of its total managed area of 3,241 hectares.
To evaluate the impact of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP, it is essential to identify its positive aspects and limitations, and to propose appropriate adjustments A comprehensive assessment should consider the scope of regulation and the subjects affected across various levels and departments The research focuses on how the decree influences the production and business outcomes of enterprises, aiming to provide valuable insights This review seeks to inform state agencies to refine, amend, or develop policies that address real-world challenges faced by businesses The goal is to ensure the decree's effectiveness aligns with its intended objectives, facilitating better support for enterprise growth and development.
Limitation of topics
In the framework of University thesis, topic research focuses on the following issues:
- Research in Dong Bac Forestry Company in Huu Lung district, Lang Son Province
- Research on the allocation forest land for production follow Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
- Research on the impact of land use contracting to the Company's business efficiency, specifically in the area of:
+ Impact on organization management structure
+ Impact on the autonomy in production
+ Impact on the stability in production
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS
Objectives
This article evaluates the impact of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP on Dong Bac Forestry Company's contracted production forest land, analyzing how the policy has influenced their business performance It highlights the challenges and opportunities arising from the decree's implementation and assesses its effectiveness in promoting sustainable forestry management Based on this assessment, the article proposes strategic solutions to enhance policy enforcement and maximize economic, environmental, and social benefits Recommendations include strengthening governmental oversight, improving land management practices, and fostering collaborations with stakeholders to ensure the successful and sustainable application of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP.
- Assess the implementation of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP and the current status of the management and land use in the Dong Bac Forestry Company
Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP has significantly influenced the company's production efficiency and forest business operations It has improved organizational management and enhanced autonomy in production processes, leading to greater operational flexibility The decree has contributed to increased stability in production activities, ensuring consistent output and reducing disruptions Additionally, it has positively impacted the company's business plans by fostering more effective resource allocation and strategic decision-making, ultimately boosting overall business performance in the forestry sector.
- To propose some solutions to improve the efficiency of production and business when performing the allotment of forest land followDecree No 135/2005/ND-CP.
Research Methodology
2.2.1 Survey methods to collect data
- Collects information about the natural conditions, socio-economic welfare of research area
- Research allotment land records of the Company
This article examines the land utilization and production outcomes of the Stitch Forest project, analyzing forest business performance from 2006 to 2013 in the units of the company located in Huu Lung district, Lang Son province The study highlights key data on current land use patterns and evaluates the effectiveness of the forestry production plan over the specified period, providing insights into the agricultural and forestry development strategies implemented in the region.
Interviews with company officials highlight the significant advantages of organizing production and enhancing efficiency within the forestry business after seven years of implementing Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP They emphasize that the decree has facilitated better resource allocation, improved operational management, and boosted overall productivity However, officials also acknowledge ongoing challenges such as administrative complexities and the need for continuous modernization to adapt to evolving industry demands Overall, the implementation of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP has played a crucial role in shaping the growth and sustainability of the company's forestry operations.
- Analysis of data, visually surveying, assessing and making recommendations
2.2.2 Method of processing and data analysis
- Using a statistical method, comparative data and set the charts to analyze and evaluate
- Interviews with experts to complement the assessment review
RESEARCH AREA
Natural conditions, socio-economic of research area
Dong Bac Forestry Company is based in Huu Lung District, Lang Son Province, situated along the eastern border with Luc Ngan District, Bac Giang Province The company's location also borders Yen The District to the west and southwest, Luc Nam and Lang Giang Districts of Bac Giang Province to the south, Chi Lang District in Lang Son Province to the northeast, and Vo Nhai District in Thai Nguyen Province to the northwest.
The project area is situated in the transitional zone between midland and mountainous regions, characterized by a low ridge system running west to east This terrain features successive hills with average elevations ranging from 100 to 150 meters above sea level The area's average slope is approximately 18 degrees, making it ideal for development due to its moderate incline and diverse topography.
25 0 , interspersed with hills is patches of field, ponds and lakes Terrain conditions are more favorable for forestry production, agriculture, intensification of forest trees and agroforestry implementation
- Average annual rainfall is 1.420 – 1.540 mm
- The average annual temperature is 22,5 0 C, maximum temperature is 39,5 0 C, minimum temperature from 1,1 0 C to 5 0 C (in mountainous area)
- Each year is divided into two seasons:
+ Rainy season: From April to October, concentrated mainly in May, June, July, August
+ Dry season: From November to March the following year
- Average annual humidity is 82%, maximum 96%, minimum at 61%
The prevailing wind directions are predominantly Southeast and Northeast The Southeast monsoon, occurring during the rainy season from April to September, brings increased rainfall, while the Northeast monsoon, lasting from October to March, dominates the dry season Additionally, frost events have been observed in January, indicating the region's seasonal climate variations.
The population in the region primarily consists of ethnic groups such as Kinh, Tay, Nung, Cao Lan, and San Chi, who mainly rely on agriculture for their livelihood The community faces challenges of a hard and impoverished life, with agricultural productivity limited by natural conditions and scarce arable land High unemployment rates and a surplus of redundant workers further exacerbate economic difficulties in the region.
Formation history and the main manufacturing jobs, business of the Company
Dong Bac Forestry Company is a state enterprise and a member of the Vietnam Forestry Corporation, with a history of transformations dating back to 1986, when it was restructured from the Produce and Supply Mining Timber Company into the Union of Pit Props Enterprise It was later reorganized in 1996 under Decision No 74/NN-TCCB/QD by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), and in 1999, it was renamed Northern Forest Materials Company Following government decrees in 2006 and 2007, including Decree No 95/2006/ND-CP and Decision No 298/QD-TTg, the company transitioned from a state-owned enterprise to a single-member limited liability company, ultimately becoming Dong Bac Forestry Co., Ltd., following Decision No 786/QD-BNN-DMDN in 2008.
Before 2007, the company's organizational structure comprised the Office of the Company and various units operating under its oversight These units included 5 SFE facilities, 2 forestry stations, 3 factory service centers, and 1 seedling production station, all aligned to support the company's core operations.
Now the organization structure of the Company include: the Office of the Company and units follow the Company: 8 affiliates, 6 production teams and 1 Station of seedling production
In Huu Lung district, the Company has an Office and 7 units follow the Company:
5 Production teams, 1 exploitation team and 1 Station of seedling production; total number of labor are 41, total area of land allocated follow the profile is 13.272 ha
3.2.2 Functions and duties and business lines of the Company:
- Management land reserve allocated by the State, protection, management, construction and development of forest resources
- Application of advanced techniques in forestry production
- Provision of plant varieties, supplies services business techniques and life
- International cooperation in the forestry business and processing of forest products
- Management and protection, construction and development of forest resources
- Production, purchase and sale of Agricultural and Forestry products
- Mining, processing of wood and wood products
RESULTS
Results of implementing the Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
4.1.1 The organizational structure of the Company and current use of land in Huu
Lung district before implementing Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
Huu Lung district in Lang Son province has a total natural area of 13,272.27 hectares allocated by the State Company, including 13,270.13 hectares of farmland—comprising 13,256.13 hectares of forestry production and 14 hectares of other farming activities—and 2.14 hectares of non-agricultural land As of December 31, 2006, the total land use area (forest land) in Huu Lung district was 3,017.41 hectares, with 2,315.62 hectares (76.7%) designated as State-owned forest and 701.79 hectares (23.3%) allocated as forest land by Decree 01/ND-CP.
Chart 1: Current status of Company’s forests in Huu Lung district in December 31, 2006
Current status of company’s forests in 2006
Assigned forest land area byDecree 01
4.1.2 Time for implementation of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
In 2007, the Company began implementing the allocation of forest land use rights, following the issuance of Circular 102/2006/TT-BNN by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) on November 13, 2006 This circular provided guidance on the execution of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP, ensuring compliance with regulations governing forest land management and use.
4.1.3 The sequence of steps to implement Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP fter researching contracting records and interviewed officers of the Company, recorded the order and procedures for allotment of land use in the Company is performed as follows:
Diagram 2: The steps to implement Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
- Review of land, summary status of forest
- The draft of plan contracting, contracting structures
- Dissemination the draft of contracting plans, contracting structure, contracts
Step 3: Measure in the field
- Measure the area of land allotment
- Measure crops on land allotment
Step 4: Signing the contract -Complete contracting documents and signed the contracts
The Company has formed a dedicated working group led by a Team Leader, supported by professional offices and production units, to oversee land management and forestry activities Their responsibilities include preparing essential documents, reviewing the current status of all land managed by the Company, and summarizing forest conditions, classifications, and valuation of investments Additionally, the team develops building plans, outlines contracting structures, identifies contractors, and details the types of forest and land involved in contracts They are also responsible for establishing the content of contracts and drafting contractual agreements to ensure clear and compliant land and forest management processes.
The working group collaborates with local governments to disseminate Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP and Circular 102/2006/TT-BNN, ensuring contractors understand regulatory requirements They coordinate contracting processes, collect contractor applications for contracts, and compile a list of registered contractors This information is then reported to the company leader to ensure proper oversight and compliance.
Following a review of registered contractors, the Company Board convened to approve the final list based on the annual production plan and current forest conditions Upon approval, notifications are sent to relevant departments to carry out field measurements and formalize the contracts with selected contractors.
Complete profile of contracting includes:
- A voluntary application contracted of contractor;
- Table of measured trees planted in contracting;
- Table monitoring forwarder of materials;
- Table monitoring changes in the area of contracting
The company has adhered to the government's regulations under Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP and MARD's Circular 102/2006/TT-BNN regarding the basic sequence of steps and profile contracting However, during data collection, document review, interviews, and contact with contractors, it was observed that some aspects are lacking, such as the brief overview of guidelines, policies, and the rights and obligations of the contracted parties being insufficiently detailed and conducted in a short timeframe Additionally, the simple contract agreements do not clearly outline all responsibilities and rights, and the limited presentation skills of guidance staff hinder the contractors’ clear understanding This results in contractors not fully comprehending their obligations, rights, or the importance of complying with contractual and professional guidelines.
Effective dissemination and enforcement of laws, such as the Law on Forest Protection and Development and the Civil Code, are crucial for ensuring contractors understand their legal obligations However, reliance on Decree 135/2005/ND-CP often leads to contractors neglecting their responsibilities, resulting in violations that negatively impact contract outcomes Strengthening legal communication and adherence can improve contract performance and promote sustainable land use practices.
4.1.4 Results of implement the Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP
After 07 year since the guidelines of the MARD, according to the production plan, the Company has made contracting of land use according to Decree No 135/2005/ND- CPand gradually shift the allocated area contracting follow Decree 01/ ND-CP in January
04, 1995 of Government to contracting by Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP and continue contracting the area of concentrated production land
4.1.4.1 The result of the first year of forests (afforestation and promotion of reproduction buds) of the Company in Huu Lung district in period 2007-2013
Between 2007 and 2013, Huu Lung District's companies established a total of 2,073.91 hectares of new forest production, consisting of 453.55 hectares developed under the state-owned forest structure and 1,620.37 hectares through household contract arrangements These figures illustrate the district's significant efforts in afforestation and forest management, with detailed annual breakdowns summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Summary of annual land use (forest produce in the first year) of the Company in Huu Lung district, period 2007-2013 (Unit: ha)
No Year Total area of design
Total area of acceptance in which Note
(difference between the area of design and acceptance)
The table reveals a significant annual gap between the designated design area and the acceptance area, with a total difference of 1.063 hectares out of the 3.137 hectares of new planting forest during the 2007-2013 design period Notably, the years 2007, 2008, and 2013 experienced the largest discrepancies, with gaps of 403 hectares, 190 hectares, and 159 hectares respectively, highlighting substantial variations in project implementation and acceptance.
The reason of difference and unstable that the Company didn’t produced on the contracted area directly after contracting Instead, the Company set out the plan of
Contractors are responsible for executing production plans; however, they often perform incomplete work and fail to adhere to the company's schedules This leads to damages during key stages such as measurement, design, and destabilizes overall business and production operations The company lacks clear sanctions and regulations to effectively address contractors who violate agreements or fail to meet production goals As a result, this issue persists over a long period, negatively impacting project timelines and operational efficiency.
4.1.4.2 Results of land use (forest status) of the Company in Huu Lung district 2007-2013
Based on acceptance data of volumes growing, care, management and protection of forest annually, resulting in land use of the Company in Huu Lung district is summarized in Table 2
Table 2: Summary of land use (forest status) of the Company in Huu Lung district period 2006-2013
According to the data in Table 2, the area managed by the company in Huu Lung district has significantly decreased over time, shrinking from 3,017.41 hectares in 2006 to 1,769.75 hectares in 2013, a reduction of 41.3% Meanwhile, the contracted area has increased by 54.7%, from 701.79 hectares in 2006 to 1,380.18 hectares in 2013 Conversely, the area directly used by the company has declined sharply by 54.7%, from 2,315.62 hectares in 2006 to just 389.57 hectares in 2013.
4.1.4.3 Encroachment situation of the Company in Huu Lung district period 2007 - 2013
Based on data collected from the Company and evaluated through inspection results management by the DNRE inspection teams in Lang Son Province, the encroached forest area in Huu Lung District has been summarized in Table 3, as per inspection conclusion No 851/KL-STNMT dated August 29, 2014.
Table 3: Summary the encroached area of Company in Huu Lung district period
Year Encroached area per year (ha)
The encroached area within the company's forest land in Huu Lung district is complex, with a total of 3,759.46 hectares encroached out of 13,256.13 hectares allocated for production, accounting for approximately 28.36% Over the past four years, significant encroachment issues have persisted, highlighting ongoing challenges in forest land management and conservation efforts in the region Effective strategies are needed to address encroachment and promote sustainable forestry practices.
Impact assessment
4.2.1 Impact on the density of land use structure
After 7 years implementation of Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP of guided in Circular 102/2006/TT-BNN dated on November 13, 2006 of the MARD Structure between another land use structure have shifted significantly downward for State-owned forest area, increased for contracting forest area, namely: Area land use of State-owned structure have shifted from 76.7% in 2006 to 22% in 2013; area land use of contracting structure follow Decree 01/ND-CP shift from 23.7% in 2006 to 4.2% in 2013; area land use of contracting structure followDecree No 135/2005/ND-CP of moving from 0% in 2006 to 73.8% in
Chart 3: Proportion of land use structure of Company in Huu Lung district period 2007-
Proportion of land use period 2007 - 2013
4.2.2 Impact on the management and land use of Company in Huu Lung district period
After 07 years of implementation of the decree, the management of the Company's land use developments is extremely complex, forested area of the Company is increasingly shrinking, in Huu Lung district from 3.017,41 ha forest land in 2006 dropped to 1.769,75 ha in 2013, while the encroached area increased significantly from 701.21 ha in 2003 increased to 3.759,46 ha in 2013, separate period 2010 - 2013 encroached area up to 1767.49 ha
Chart 4: Total encroached area of Company period 2003 - 2013
4.2.3 Impact on structure management and labor structure
Land use contracting under Decree 135/2005/ND-CP has transformed company management structures by shifting from a hierarchical system—comprising company leadership, management, production, and intermediate forest farms—to direct management and decision-making by employees This restructuring enables more efficient and timely problem identification and resolution, enhancing overall operational responsiveness.
Total encroached area in previous years
After receiving the land, the contractor initiates the arrangement of labor to perform the work steps, which significantly reduces the need for officials to directly oversee production However, data in Table 5 shows that, despite the area contracted by the company in Huu Lung district reaching 78% by December 31, 2013, the proportion of indirect labor has remained relatively unchanged over the years Therefore, land use contracting does not lead to a reduction in the company's indirect labor ratio.
Chart 5: Ratio of direct labor and indirect labor of Company in Huu Lung district period
4.2.4.1 Impact on proactive, stability in production
Based on the new first-year forest area data detailed in Table 1, the existing forest area per year is summarized in Table 2, while Table 3 presents the annual encroached areas Interviews with company officials reveal that, despite an increase in land contraction rates, there is a significant impact on forest conservation efforts This trend highlights the ongoing challenges in balancing land uses and emphasizes the need for sustainable management practices to protect forest ecosystems.
Ratio of direct labor and indirect labor period
The company's proactive production has decreased due to contractors' altered conditions related to labor and economic challenges, which have led to deviations from planned work Many contractors are unable to meet seasonal production targets or adhere to manufacturing processes because of difficult economic circumstances Although some contractors received land access, they struggled to organize production as per the original plans Additionally, forests nearing the age for sustainable exploitation remain unharvested, while economic hardships have caused contractors to harvest forests prematurely, despite the trees not reaching optimal age, thereby reducing forestry efficiency These issues collectively disrupt the company's production plans and weaken overall operational effectiveness.
Chart 6: The result of newly annual forest of Company in Huu Lung district period 2007 –
Based on data that summarized in Table 5, we can see the average of forest productivity/ha for State-owned forest structure is higher than the contracting forest structure
Area of designArea of acceptance
Chart 7: Average of forest productivity of Company in Huu Lung district period 2007–
Advantages, difficulties and challenges after 7 yearsimplementation of Decree 135/2005 / ND-CP
The implementation of Decree 135/2005 / ND-CP has created considerable advantages for Company, namely:
- Remove the intermediate level of direction, Company direct to laborers, directly grasp the difficulties arising in the manufacture and directly solve these difficulties
- The contractor disposition labor to produce by themselves so reduce pressure on labor to the Company during the seasonal, because production forest is seasonal deeply
- The contractor self-sufficient in labor’s cost on some stages of the work, which should reduce the pressure on capital to the Company
Forest productivity of Company period 2007-
State-owned forestContracting forest
After 7 years of implementing decree, although obtained the fundamental advantages as mentioned above, but the Company also encountered difficulties:
The contractor working on contracted land is not always present, requiring the company to allocate additional staff to guide, supervise, and direct the manufacturing process This can lead to unpredictable timelines and potential delays in completing the production plan, emphasizing the need for effective oversight and resource management.
Due to challenging labor conditions and fluctuating economic factors, many contractors have failed to fulfill their contractual obligations or have engaged in breach of contract, resulting in an unstable production plan for the company.
Many contractors frequently neglect to follow the company's technical procedures, leading to subpar forest quality This non-compliance significantly impacts business performance, reducing both the contractors' and the company's income Ensuring adherence to proper forestry practices is essential for maintaining high-quality forests and optimizing financial outcomes.
The company's forest land encroachment issues have been complex and unresolved over the years, with approximately 3,700 hectares in Huu Lung district affected between 2002 and 2013 Despite efforts by PPC, DPC, and relevant authorities to address these issues, the land disputes remain unresolved due to the initial allocation process being largely on paper without actual field demarcation, clear boundaries, or detailed land use planning Contractors have exploited these unclear boundaries and policy loopholes, encroaching on company land, especially after contract liquidation, leading to ongoing difficulties in land recovery and resolution.
The company signed contracts for the next cycle but has not returned the land, leading to ongoing disputes over land rights The company has not evicted tenants or contracted with other contractors, which hampers the ability to assign workers for manufacturing activities These issues have caused encroachment cases to worsen, resulting in stagnating production and increased security concerns in the area As a result, the company's land production is steadily shrinking, and without effective preventive measures, the company faces a significant risk of losing essential land for future operations.
CONCLUSIONS, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
Contracting land for general manufacturing and forestry production is a key national policy, with Decree No 135/2005/ND-CP providing companies significant advantages in mobilizing capital and labor However, research indicates that the implementation process faces major challenges, highlighting the need for improved management and compliance strategies to ensure sustainable land use and economic growth.
The company gradually lost stability and control over its production due to reliance on compliance with contractual terms, which are essential for business operations Data on the design and acceptance of new first-year forest areas in Huu Lung district from 2007 to 2013 indicate that, on average, 66.1% of the planned forest area was accepted annually (2.073 ha out of 3.137 ha) Additionally, there was significant instability in annual forest volume, with the lowest acceptance rate at 38.1% (144.53 ha compared to a designed area of 379.53 ha).
Cause: The conditions of employment, family circumstances of different contractor, leading to job execution time, completion time and workload completed are different
The inefficient utilization of production materials, specifically forest productivity per unit area, not only diminishes contractor income but also significantly impacts the company's production and business outcomes As shown in Table 5, the average output per hectare for contracting structures is only 26.32 m³/ha, whereas centralized production structures achieve a substantially higher yield of 67.54 m³/ha.
Contractual non-compliance with the company's manufacturing process and guidelines, particularly regarding planting and tending procedures, compromises product quality Failure to strictly adhere to seasonal planting schedules and work steps can result in inconsistent forest quality Additionally, unauthorized forest cutting by contractors often leads to decreased forest productivity and environmental degradation, ultimately impacting sustainable forest exploitation.
The company's land has been increasingly encroached upon by complex developments, leading to a significant reduction in production capacity Without effective prevention measures, the company faces potential dissolution due to the lack of available land for operations Data from Table 3 reveal that up to 28.36% of the total forest area allocated to the company in Huu Lung district (3,759.46 ha out of 13,256.13 ha) has been encroached upon, which is an alarming increase of 212.42% compared to the existing forest area of 1,769.75 ha in Huu Lung district as of December 31, 2013.
Suggestions to the Company
To strengthen the legal foundation of the designated area, an urgent review must be conducted to identify demand zones, perform accurate measurements, establish clear boundary demarcations in the field, and ensure the allocation records are accurately documented and repeated according to prescribed standards.
Collaborate closely with Party Committees, local government, and relevant agencies to promote legal advocacy, enhancing awareness and fostering a strong sense of law observance among contractors This ensures contractors adhere to contractual terms and comply with land use laws, supporting sustainable development and lawful land management.
- Select the contractor who qualified to perform the contract
Create favorable conditions for contractors to participate in construction contracting activities by establishing clear regulations, effective mechanisms, and well-defined contracts that comply with legal requirements Ensure a balanced approach that harmonizes the rights and obligations of both parties, fostering fair and transparent collaboration in the construction industry.
To promote autonomy and stability in agricultural production, it is essential to strategically allocate land resources by assigning approximately 60% of State-owned land and 40% of contracted land This balanced distribution enhances productivity and ensures sustainable land management Implementing a reasonable percentage of contracting land alongside State-owned land fosters flexible farming practices, encouraging farmers' independence and improving overall agricultural output Achieving this land arrangement supports economic stability in the agricultural sector and optimizes land use efficiency.
Recommendations to the State agencies in competency 29 REFERENCE
Contracting parties must have the necessary legal capacity, including labor and other essential skills, to fulfill the contractual obligations Ensuring that both parties possess the appropriate capacity is vital for successful execution of the contract according to agreed terms Meeting these standards guarantees that contractual commitments can be effectively performed, promoting smooth and compliant business agreements.
- Handling timely and strictly the infringement case, because forests and forest land is the property of the enterprise, but enterprise can’t organize to management, protection merely as another property.