Introduction
In today's world, people's lives are continually improving, leading to a growing desire to travel for relaxation and stress relief Ecotourism offers an opportunity to breathe fresh air, connect with nature, and enhance personal knowledge As a result, ecotourism has become an essential part of modern生活，满足人们对休闲、自然体验和学习的需求。
Ecotourism is a emerging concept focused on responsible travel that conserves the environment, supports local communities, and promotes education (The International Ecotourism Society, 2015) Its principles emphasize minimizing negative impacts, building environmental and cultural awareness, and providing positive experiences for both visitors and hosts Key goals include generating financial benefits for conservation, local people, and private industry, while delivering memorable interpretative experiences that enhance sensitivity to the political, environmental, and social contexts of host countries Additionally, ecotourism advocates for low-impact infrastructure and respects the rights and spiritual beliefs of Indigenous Peoples, encouraging partnerships that foster community empowerment (TIES, 1990).
Vietnam's rich biodiversity makes it a major attraction for eco-tourism enthusiasts Despite its immense potential, ecotourism in protected areas and national parks across Vietnam remains in the early stages of development Ba Vi National Park, in particular, holds significant promise for sustainable tourism due to its diverse flora and fauna Promoting ecotourism in these areas can boost conservation efforts and attract more eco-conscious travelers to Vietnam.
Ba Vi National Park is centered around Mount Ba Vi, an isolated mountain located approximately 50 km west of Hanoi The park features three distinctive summit peaks: Dinh Vua, the highest at 1,296 meters; Tan Vien at 1,226 meters; and Ngoc Hoa at 1,131 meters These peaks form a distinctive three-humped crest, often shrouded in clouds at the highest point, offering breathtaking tropical forest views and vistas extending all the way to Hanoi.
Ba Vi National Park, situated alongside the flowing Da River, is renowned for its stunning natural beauty, including waterfalls, streams, and lush forests The park's rich biodiversity features numerous endemic and endangered species listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book, making it a vital conservation area With its historical monuments and scenic landscapes, Ba Vi National Park attracts a large number of tourists annually, offering a unique blend of natural charm and cultural heritage.
Tourists play a vital role in ecotourism, with Ba Vi National Park experiencing a steady increase in visitors, reaching nearly 150,000 in 2014—a 6.9% rise from 2013 (Environment Education & Services Center, 2015) However, tourism also poses significant threats to the park’s natural environment, including noise pollution, littering, illegal wildlife trade, and unplanned infrastructure development, all of which degrade flora and fauna These spontaneous and unregulated activities have led to ecological damage and the loss of important income sources It is crucial to address the environmental impacts of ecotourism, implement sustainable development strategies, and establish solutions to conserve the park’s natural resources while promoting responsible tourism.
Because of the problems mentioned above, I decided to choose the topic:
“Evaluating the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi” to contribute development of ecotourism at the same time flora and fauna protection
Goals and Objectives
Goals
Contributing to conservation of biodiversity and sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi.
Objectives
The specific objectives of the research are:
1 to evaluate current ecotourism potential and exploitation in Ba Vi national park
2 to evaluate the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
3 to suggest some solutions for sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Methods
Study area
Ba Vi National Park, established on December 18, 1991, is centered around Mount Ba Vi, an isolated soil-limestone mountain located approximately 50 km west of Hanoi Covering an area of 10,855 hectares, the park shares its border with two districts of Hoa Binh Province and offers a refreshing escape from urban life with cool mountain air amidst clouds, lush jungles, and tropical rainforests Natural forests are predominantly found at elevations above 600 meters, consisting of lowland evergreen forests, lower montane evergreen forests, and mixed coniferous and broadleaf forests, making Ba Vi a rich ecological haven.
Ba Vi National Park is a biodiversity hotspot, home to numerous endemic and endangered species It supports over 1,200 species of vascular plants, including newly described species like Ixora balansae, Litsea baviensis, and Lasianthus langkokensis The park also hosts 21 rare plants listed in the Vietnam Red Data Book, such as Calocedrus macrolepis, Madhuca pasquieri, and Magliatia dandyi.
Ba Vi National Park is a vital source of forest products for local communities, with medicinal plant collection serving as a key economic activity The park supports a diverse range of wildlife, home to 342 species including 63 mammals, 191 birds, 61 reptiles, and 27 amphibians Notably, it is the habitat of two endemic species, Tropidophous baviensis and Chaparana delacouri Additionally, the park is home to 66 rare species such as Chrotogale owstoni, Artictis binturong, and Prionodon pardicolor, highlighting its rich biodiversity (List of flora and fauna, 2008).
Ba Vi national park also plays important contribution to conservation, natural resources restoration, historical monument, research and tourism
Figure 3.1: Locations of study area
Data collection
Surveys conducted along four tourism transects in Tan Linh Commune, Ba Vi district, revealed the area's rich biodiversity, with dense forests teeming with diverse flora and fauna These transects, strategically placed through the vibrant forest ecosystems, attract numerous tourists seeking eco-tourism experiences The findings highlight Tan Linh Commune's potential as a prominent eco-tourism destination, emphasizing the importance of preserving its natural habitat while promoting sustainable tourism.
All transects are determined on the map (Figure 4.2)
The equipment that I need to take my survey include: survey questionnaires, notebook, pen, cameras, map and recorder
To accurately assess the impact of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi National Park, participatory rural appraisal (PRA) techniques were employed, providing valuable field insights This method leverages direct observation, active listening, and communication with both tourists and local residents, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of ecotourism's effects Utilizing PRA enables an objective evaluation of environmental and community impacts, making it an effective approach for sustainable ecotourism development.
There are 3 steps to carry out the PRA methods:
First: Identify subjects and contents of investigation The thesis is investigated with
2 main subjects are managers, tourists (Domestic and Foreign tourists)
Second: select survey methods People will be interviewed through conversation
Interview questions based on basic outline or survey questionnaires with the system of multiple –choice questions and open-ended questions
Third, after collecting data, statistically analyze the outcome data and various indexes Time for survey is also conducted randomly Therefore, the information is received diversified and objective
There are many different approaches to conduct interview
Table 3.1: The component of managers interviewed
Managers were interviewed by semi-structure interview based on prepared contents
A survey was conducted among tourists using a structured questionnaire The sample included a total of 80 tourists, with approximately 70% being domestic travelers and 30% foreign visitors The participants were randomly selected to ensure representative insights Specifically, the study interviewed 70 domestic tourists and 10 foreign tourists to gather comprehensive tourist behavior and preference data.
Table 3.2: The structure of tourists by questionnaire
Age From 16 to 55 years old
(Questionnaires are in the appendices)
Analysis data
Data collected from interviews and survey questionnaires were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to provide insights into tourist demographics, including age, sex, and nationality The analysis also covered key tourist indicators such as destination information and trip purpose, alongside statistical calculations of activities' frequency and percentages Additionally, the study evaluated daily visitor density and assessed tourists' awareness of ecotourism's impacts on the flora and fauna of Ba Vi National Park.
Using „SWOT analysis methods‟ to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Results and discussions
Current ecotourism activities in Ba Vi national park
The main road, connecting Highway 87 to Coste 1100, spans 13.7 kilometers and is fully paved with asphalt, ensuring smooth travel Inside the park, well-constructed concrete pathways with a total length of 7.7 kilometers provide convenient access for visitors Overall, the road and pathway systems are in excellent condition, making travel within the area very comfortable and accessible.
Ba Vi national park has high- voltage and transformer station which supplies for head office, collective zone, forest protection department, resort in Coste 400, flora garden and local people
The mobile phone network is available throughout the park; however, once visitors venture deeper into the forest, phone service becomes unavailable For those wanting reliable internet access, the Coste 400 area offers wireless connectivity, allowing tourists to freely access the internet in that zone.
Ba Vi national park has 3 restaurants, 1 swimming pool, 1 tennis yard, 1 souvenir shop, 1 house on stilts, 3 guest houses, 2 car park, 1 conference room with capacity of 300 people
Figure 4.1: Organizational Structure of Ba Vi national park
Figure 4.2: Ecotourism routes in Ba Vi national park
(Source: Environment Education & Services Center, 2015)
Route 2: Ho Chi Minh president temple- Bao Thien tower
Route 3: Tan Vien pagoda – Medium temple
Route 6: French period summer camping
Route 7: The old church- Charity- school
Route 8: French period political prison
Route 11: White stone wall- Old bear cave
Route 12: Old green cypress populations- Tieu dong peak
In recent years, the influence of tourists has increased rapidly However, it could be threat of national park because pressure on natural resources is rising
Table 4.1: Number of tourist from 2011 to 2014 in Ba Vi national park
(Source: Environment Education & Services Center)
The table shows the total number of tourist in Ba Vi national park from 2011 to
2014 and the percentages of Foreign tourists and Domestic tourists
Figure 4.3: Number of tourist from 2011 to 2014 in Ba Vi national park
Tourist numbers have been steadily increasing each year, with a significant rise in the percentage of foreign visitors However, foreign tourists still represent a small proportion of the total tourists, accounting for just over 1% to 2% Despite the growth in international tourism, domestic travelers remain the majority, highlighting the importance of local tourism development This trend underscores the potential for expanding international tourist inflows to diversify and strengthen the tourism industry.
As urbanization accelerates, the number of visitors to natural and cultural destinations is increasing, driven by the desire to escape pollution and seek tranquility Rapid development often leads to air and noise pollution, prompting people to visit areas rich in natural resources, surrounded by nature and fresh air, which are ideal for relaxation and rest Ecotourism plays a vital role in raising awareness about the importance of preserving natural and cultural heritage Ba Vi National Park offers unique opportunities for spiritual tourism, where visitors can explore traditional religious values and historical sites with respect Popular attractions include Coste 400, the Upper Temple, Ho Chi Minh President Temple, and French-era ruins, catering to travelers interested in camping, studying, relaxation, and spiritual experiences.
Ecotourism activities in Ba Vi National Park are seasonal, with two peak periods each year The first high season coincides with the Tet holiday, followed by a busy period from February to April These seasons are considered especially auspicious, attracting many visitors seeking to enjoy the natural beauty and cultural significance of the park during these propitious times.
During these two months, visitors come to prominent sites like Upper Temple and Ho Chi Minh President Temple to pray for safety and well-being while exploring natural attractions Tourists typically stay for about a day, seeking short but meaningful experiences The second peak travel season occurs from June to September, coinciding with summer vacations, and primarily attracts young travelers who visit for sightseeing, relaxation, and research purposes.
Effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
Since the inception of tourism activities, limited resource use has minimized environmental impact; however, excessive development without proper conservation efforts can lead to significant damage to natural resources Currently, many protected areas and national parks in Vietnam, such as Ba Vi National Park, face challenges due to unregulated tourism growth, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to preserve these ecosystems Effective conservation measures are essential to prevent tourism from becoming a cause of natural resource degradation in these protected areas.
In this thesis, there are two kinds of subjects: domestic tourists and foreign tourists Tourists were interviewed by answering questionnaire in appendices
* The structure of tourist by questionnaire
Table 4.2: Nationality structure of tourist by questionnaire
80 visitors were interviewed by questionnaire There were 70 domestic visitors (87.5% of total interviewee) and 10 foreign visitors (12% of total interviewee) Among
13 visitors interviewed, there were 49 males (61.25% of total interviewee) and 31 females (38.75% of total interviewee) The results are shown on table 4.3
Table 4.3: Age and sex distribution of tourist
Number Male Female Number Male Female
The table presents the distribution of males and females across different age groups segmented by nationality The interview rates vary among these age groups, with the highest percentage observed in the 16 to 25-year age group at 61.25% The 26 to 35-year group accounts for 13.75%, while the 36 to 45-year group represents 16.25% The lowest interview rate is seen in the 46 to 55-year age group at 8.75% These findings are illustrated in Figure 4.4.
Figure 4.4: Age group distribution of tourists
* Sources of information let tourists know about Ba Vi national park
Table 4.4: Sources of information let tourists know about Ba Vi national park
Tourists primarily discover Ba Vi National Park through word-of-mouth referrals from friends and relatives, accounting for 72.5% of visitors, while other sources like tourism companies, advertising, and the internet play a limited role To effectively attract more tourists, destination countries should implement targeted communication campaigns to promote the park and increase awareness.
* The purpose of tourism trip
Visitors came to Ba Vi national park with different purposes The results are shown on the table 4.6
Table 4.5: The purpose of tourism trip
Purpose Relax Sightseeing Spiritual tourism
In fact, the most crowded visitor route is spiritual tourism such as Upper temple,
The Ho Chi Minh President's Temple is a popular tourist destination, attracting crowds interested in sightseeing and exploring historical sites Visitors often follow tourism routes that include Coste 400, a summer camping spot from the French colonial period, and the historic old church at Coste 1100 Most tourists travel in small groups of 2 to 5 people, while student groups typically consist of 20 to 30 individuals Many travelers prefer spontaneous tourism without prior booking, often exploring independently and seeking tour guides on the spot Overall, tourism at this site is characterized by natural, unplanned travel experiences.
4.2.2 Evaluating the awareness of tourists about the effects of ecotourism to Ba Vi national park
* Evaluating the tourist density during the day in Ba Vi national park
Assessing the daily tourist density in Ba Vi National Park is essential for understanding the impact of ecotourism on local flora and fauna High visitor numbers may pose risks to the park’s biodiversity, while lower densities could help preserve its natural environment The study also incorporates visitor opinions regarding daytime tourist density, as summarized in the table below, to inform sustainable tourism management strategies.
Table 4.6: The tourist density during the day
Tourist density during the day
Tourist density varies across different levels, with each level categorized from 1 (Not at all crowded) to 5 (Extremely crowded) These categories were used to grade the crowding experience, and the average value was calculated from all levels, resulting in an average of 3.11 This indicates that, during the day, the area experiences a moderate level of tourist crowds.
* Evaluating tourist’s awareness about the influence level of ecotourism activities on conservation of flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
Assessing tourists' awareness of flora and fauna conservation is essential to understand the impact of ecotourism on biodiversity The evaluation of these awareness levels allows for a comprehensive analysis of how ecotourism influences local ecosystems The survey results, presented in Table 4.8, provide valuable insights into tourists' knowledge and attitudes towards conservation efforts, highlighting the relationship between ecotourism activities and environmental preservation.
Table 4.7: Awareness of tourists about influence level of ecotourism activities
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 27 38 11 4 0.90
Buying souvenir of forest products 25 22 25 8 1.20
Analyzing the average grades for each activity reveals their impact on flora and fauna conservation Higher average scores indicate a greater influence on natural resources, suggesting activities that significantly affect ecosystems Conversely, lower grades imply minimal impact on biodiversity and conservation efforts This assessment helps identify which activities pose the greatest threats or benefits to flora and fauna, guiding targeted conservation strategies.
Through the table 4.8, the awareness of tourists about influence level of ecotourism activities on conservation of flora and fauna is limit Almost activities were evaluated from
„Not at all effect‟ to „Slightly effect‟
Activities minimally impacted by tourists, with average grades below 1, include tree-related disturbances and stone carving (0.25), as well as illegal wildlife trade (0.43) Slightly higher but still low impact is forest resource exploitation (0.56), followed by campfires (0.60) More noticeable effects are walking on grass or plants and breaking branches (0.90), with building infrastructures exhibiting the highest minimal impact (0.96).
Activities were affected in „Slightly effect‟ (1< Average grade < 2) by tourists includes: Eating forest products (1.06); Buying souvenir of forest products (1.20); Littering (1.24); Noise (1.56)
Ba Vi National Park faces environmental challenges due to human activities such as noise pollution, littering, infrastructure development, and forest product exploitation, which negatively impact its landscape and ecosystem Field surveys reveal tourists frequently leave rubbish like nylon bags, bottles, paper, and tin cans, while smoke from wood fires compromises air quality and animal health, with careless campfire use being a major cause of forest fires Infrastructure construction and road development alter terrain, disrupt surface flow, and lead to vegetation loss, while noise from machinery and vehicles disturbs wildlife The construction of new guesthouses and improved roads, although facilitating tourism, also create opportunities for resource violations like trapping, hunting, and harvesting bamboo, reed, medicinal plants, and other forest products Visitors often engage in collecting wild species such as orchids and flowers, and consume forest-derived foods like wild boar, bamboo shoots, bananas, and tonic, highlighting the need for better conservation efforts Promoting responsible tourism and forest protection can support ecotourism development, attract more visitors, and foster sustainable business opportunities within Ba Vi National Park.
Tourists visiting Ba Vi National Park rarely encounter wildlife, primarily spotting birds from families such as Pycnonotidae, Leiothrichidae, and Sturnidae, along with butterflies and insects The lack of a designated fauna protection area in the park has restricted the presence of various animal species, significantly narrowing their natural habitats Consequently, wildlife animals are often confined to deep forest regions with minimal human impact, making wildlife sightings infrequent during typical excursions.
* Frequency of participation in tourism activities in Ba Vi national park
Table 4.8: Frequency of participation in tourism activities
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 69 11 0.14 14
Buying souvenir of forest products 53 27 0.34 34
The table highlights tourist participation in various tourism activities, including participation rates, frequency, and percentages The most popular activities are making noise (41%), buying forest product souvenirs (34%), eating forest products (18%), and enjoying campfires (16%) Notably, illegal wildlife trade had no tourist participation (0%), indicating its absence among visitor activities.
* Some pictures show the negative effects of ecotourism activities on flora and fauna in Ba Vi national park
1: Building guest-house 2: Sale medicine, bamboo, honey
3: Campfires in Coste 400 4: Lighting fire in forest
20 5: Community collected bamboo shoot 6: Building new tourism routes
7: Littering 8: Drawing, Carving on stone
* Evaluating awareness of tourists about the positive and negative effects of ecotourism
Ecotourism development has provided numerous benefits to national parks and local communities by raising awareness, boosting local economies, and supporting the conservation of flora and fauna However, despite these positive impacts, ecotourism also poses challenges such as biodiversity degradation, environmental pollution, and damage to natural landscapes.
Table 4.9: Evaluating the positive and negative effects of ecotourism
Raising awareness about flora, fauna conservation 2 11 38 29 2.18
Contribution for flora, fauna protection 4 15 29 32 2.11
Each effect was divided into 4 levels from „Not at all effect‟ to „Slightly effect‟ to
Ecotourism has demonstrated positive impacts on the economic and social well-being of communities, as well as on the conservation of flora and fauna Tourists rated its effects as "Moderately effect," with key benefits including preserving traditional culture (2.24), increasing awareness of conservation efforts (2.18), and contributing to flora and fauna protection (2.11) Additionally, ecotourism slightly boosts income (1.9) and creates jobs (1.85) However, there are some negative effects, such as environmental pollution, which was rated as "Slightly effect" (1.11), and minimal impact on flora and fauna degradation (0.79) Overall, ecotourism's benefits outweigh its environmental drawbacks, promoting sustainable development.
4.2.3 Difference between nationalities about evaluation of the effects of ecotourism on flora and fauna
* Evaluating awareness of tourists about the impact level of ecotourism activities on flora and fauna based on nationality
Table 4.10: Awareness of tourists based on nationality
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch 2.10 0.73 +1.37
Buying souvenir of forest products 1.70 1.13 +0.57
The table highlights the activities of tourists along with the evaluated satisfaction grades from both foreign and domestic visitors Overall, foreign visitors provided higher ratings, with their grades exceeding those of domestic visitors by a significant margin (difference >0) Specifically, foreign visitors' activity evaluations indicate that their experiences are more positively perceived, reflecting higher satisfaction levels compared to domestic tourists.
Suggest some solutions for sustainable management of ecotourism in Ba Vi national park
Solutions were brought out based on analysis, summary opinion of tourists through interview Solutions were divided into three groups: Tourist, community and manager
Tourists should be encouraged to avoid consuming or purchasing forest products and souvenirs, promoting awareness of forest conservation Increasing public awareness about flora, fauna, and environmental protection through outreach programs before visiting national parks is essential Clear rules and guideline signs should be installed at tourism sites to guide visitors responsibly Additionally, establishing comprehensive management regulations for tourists is crucial to ensure sustainable tourism and protect the natural environment.
The rich historical and cultural background of local communities plays a crucial role in attracting tourists and enhancing the overall tourism experience Engaging local communities benefits them economically, improves tourism quality, and promotes environmental conservation To encourage community participation in protecting flora and fauna at Ba Vi National Park, it is essential to raise awareness about banning hunting and the overexploitation of forest resources Community involvement can be supported through training programs and awareness campaigns about forest protection Additionally, local residents can find employment opportunities within the park or tourism sector, incentivizing their participation Those who have been allocated forest plots by the national park must uphold their responsibility to conserve and protect these entrusted forests.
To enhance Ba Vi National Park’s sustainability, it is essential to recruit skilled and experienced staff, with ongoing training programs to improve their expertise Developing and implementing a detailed ecotourism and conservation plan will ensure sustainable growth and environmental preservation Infrastructure improvements, including expanding guest houses, meeting rooms, parking facilities, and roads, are crucial for accommodating increasing visitor numbers Additionally, establishing new ecotourism routes focused on scientific research—such as visiting rare species like Podocarpus annamiensis and Calocedrus macrolepis—can attract eco-conscious travelers Effective advertising of these initiatives will further promote Ba Vi National Park’s natural beauty and ecological significance.
27 park was weak, so the park should build more promote programs on public media or internet Forest rangers enhance inspection to detect misconducts
Conclusions
Ba Vi National Park holds significant potential for ecotourism development due to its natural beauty and diverse ecosystems The park attracts numerous visitors annually, primarily for spiritual experiences, relaxation, sightseeing, and educational purposes However, the number of international tourists remains relatively low, highlighting opportunities to promote the park as a major global ecotourism destination.
In recent years, the rising number of tourists and increased tourist activities have threatened the park's flora and fauna Ecotourism has led to negative impacts such as the exploitation and illegal trading of forest products, infrastructure development, littering, and noise pollution, all of which threaten the natural ecosystem.
A total of 80 tourists, ranging in age from 16 to 55 years, participated in the survey, including 70 domestic visitors and 10 international tourists The sample comprised 49 males and 31 females Overall, tourist awareness regarding the impact of ecotourism activities on the conservation of flora and fauna remains limited, highlighting the need for enhanced environmental education.
Foreign tourists demonstrated greater awareness of the environmental impacts of ecotourism on flora and fauna compared to domestic tourists, leading to lower participation in activities that could harm natural resources While both international and domestic visitors generally recognized the positive effects of ecotourism, there was minimal difference between them in this regard However, foreign tourists showed a higher level of awareness regarding the negative impacts of ecotourism, indicating a more cautious attitude towards minimizing environmental damage.
This article presents three key solutions to promote the conservation of flora and fauna and ensure sustainable ecotourism management in Ba Vi National Park The proposed strategies focus on three main groups: tourists, local communities, and park managers Engaging tourists in responsible behaviors, empowering local communities through eco-friendly practices, and strengthening management efforts are essential for the long-term preservation of biodiversity and the development of sustainable tourism in the region Implementing these integrated approaches can effectively balance ecological protection with the socioeconomic benefits of ecotourism.
Appendices
To whom it may concern!
As a student at Vietnam Forestry University, I am conducting research on the effects of ecotourism on the flora and fauna in Ba Vi National Park, Hanoi, for my graduate thesis I kindly request your cooperation in completing the survey questionnaire below, as the collected data will solely serve academic research and support sustainable ecotourism development Your participation is highly valued and appreciated.
2/ How did you get information about Ba Vi national park?
3/ How many times have you visited Ba Vi national park?
4/ What was the aim of your holidays in Ba Vi national park?
5/ Did you feel crowded by the number of people on the national park today?
6/ Did you see the tourism phenomenon?
Did you take part in those activities?
Not at all Slightly Moderately Extremely Yes No
Walking on grass, plant, breaking branch
Buying souvenir of forest products
7/ What do you think the effects of ecotourism in the Ba Vi national park?
Not at all Slightly Moderately Extremely
Raising awareness about flora, fauna conservation
Contribution for flora, fauna protection
Thank you for your help and support!
2 List of Rare plant in Ba Vi national park
(According Vietnam Red data book – 2007)
No Vietnamese name Scientific name Family
1 Cốt toái bổ Drynaria fortunei Thuỷ long cốt Polypodiaceae
3 Tế tân ba vì Asarum balansae Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
4 Quỉ cữu bắc bộ Podophyllum tonkinense
5 Táu n-ớc Vatica subglabra Dầu Dipterocarpaceae
6 Sến mật Madhuca pasquieri Hồng xiêm Sapotaceae
1 Lăng thác việt nam Goniothalamus vietnamensis
3 Vù h-ơng (Gù h-ơng) Cinnamomum balansae Nguyệt quế Lauraceae
4 Tế tân ba vì Asarum balansae Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
5 Thổ tế tân Asarum caudigerum Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
6 Tế tân nhẵn Asarum glabrum Mã đâu linh Aristolochiaceae
7 Dòm (Nhòm) Stephania dielsiana Phòng kỷ Menispermaceae
8 Thanh ng-u đảm Tinospora sagitta Phòng kỷ Menispermaceae
9 Cà ổi sa pa Castanopsis lecomtei Cử Fagaceae
10 Cà ôi ô vuông (Cà ôi lá da)
11 Sồi lá mác Lithocarpus balansae Cử Fagaceae
12 Giẻ đĩa Quercus platycalyx Cử Fagaceae
13 Hạp tử thảo Actinostemma tenerum
14 Trọng đũa dã sinh (Khôi) Ardisia silvestris Đơn nem Myrsinaceae
15 Trám đen Canarium pimela Cảm lãm Burseraceae
16 Géi nÕp Aglaia spectabilis Xoan Meliaceae
17 Sắng Melientha suavis Sơn cam Opiliaceae
18 Mộc vệ lá choắt Taxillus gracilifolius Tầm gửi Loranthaceae
19 Mã tiền lông Strychnos ignatii Mã tiền Loganiaceae
20 Ba gạc luân sinh Rauvolfia verticillata Trúc đào Apocynaceae
22 §inh mËt (§inh) Markhamia stipulata var.Kerrii
23 Lõi thọ hoa chùm Gmelina racemosa Cỏ roi ngựa Verbenaceae
24 Đảng sâm xê - lép Codonopsis celebica Hoa chuông Campanulaceae
25 Đảng sâm Codonopsis javanica Hoa chuông Campanulaceae
26 Trúc căn thất lá dài Disporopsis longifolia Ngọc linh Convallariaceae
27 Tiễn căn thự lá nguyên Tacca integrifolia Tiễn căn thự Taccaceae
28 Đài thảo ba vì Carex bavicola Raym Cói Cyperaceae
3 List of fauna in Ba Vi national park
(According Vietnam Red data book – 2007)
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
I INSECTIVORA BỘ ĂN SÂU BỌ
3 Suncus murinus Chuột cù lìa 1
II SCANDENTA BỘ NHIỀU RĂNG
5 Rousettus leschenaulti Dơi Ngực nâu 1
6 Cynopterus brachyotis Dơi chó tai ngắn 1 VU
7 C.sphinx Dơi chú tai dài 2
5 Rhinolophus Họ Dơi lá mũi
8 Rhinolophus pusillus Dơi lá mũi nhỏ 2
9 Pipistrellus cormandra Dơi muỗi nâu 1, 2
IV PRIMATES BỘ LINH TRƯỞNG
11 Nycticebus coucang Culi lớn 1,2 VU IB
12 Macaca mulatta Khỉ vàng 2 IIB
13 M arctoides Khỉ mặt đỏ 2 VU IIB
14 Cuon alpinus Sói đỏ 1 VU IB
15 Ursus thibetanus Gấu ngựa 1,2 EN IB
16 U malayanus GÊu chã 2 EN IB
17 Melogale moschata Chồn bạc má 1,2
18 M personata Chồn bạc má nam 1
19 Lutra lutra Rái cá thường 1,2 VU IB
20 Mustela flavicula Chồn mác 2 IIB
22 Viverra zibetha Cầy giông thường 1,2 IIB
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
23 Viverricula indica Cầy hương 1,2 IIB
24 Paguma larvata Cầy vòi mốc 1,2
25 Arctictis binturong Cầy mực 1,2 EN IB
26 Chrotogale owstoni Cầy vằn bắc 1,2 VU IIB
29 Herpestes urva Cầy móc cua 1,2
30 Felis bengalensis Mèo rừng 1,2 IIB
31 F temmincki Beo lửa 1,2 EN IB
VI ARTIODACTYLA BỘ GUỐC CHẴN
33 Tragulus javanicus Cheo Cheo Java* VU IIB
36 Cervus nippon Huou sao* EW
Naemorhedus sumatraensis Sơn dương 1,2 VU IB
VII PHOLIDOTA BỘ TÊ TÊ
39 Manis pendactyla Tờ tờ vàng 1,2 EN IIB
VIII RODENTIA BỘ GẶM NHẤM
40 Belomys pearsoni Sóc bay long tai 1 CR IIB
41 Petaurista petaurista Sóc bay trâu 1,2 VU IIB
42 Callosciurus flavimanus Sóc bụng đỏ đuôi đỏ 1,2
44 Ratufa bicolor Sóc đen* 1,2 VU IIB
45 Tamiops maritimus Súc chuột hải nam 1,2
47 Rhizomys pruinosus Dúi mốc lớn 1
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Distribute
49 Rattus bowersi Chuét mèc lín 1
54 Bandicota indisa Chuột đất lớn 1,2
32 decree: The government's Decree No 32/2006/ND-CP
IB: Rare species are prohibited from exploitation
IIB: Rare species are limited from exploitation
4 Some pictures in the fieldwork in Ba Vi national park, Ha Noi
1 Upper temple 2 French period summer camping
5 The old church 6 Bird in Ba Vi national park