Học kỳ 8 ngôn ngữ anh (học phần 1) đhđn

Chính sách thu hút đầu tư của Việt Nam :VN ‘s investment... Sự ổn định của nền kinh tế Việt Nam : Stability of Vietnam’s Economy:…… 15.. Chủ trương, chính sách của Việt Nam về phát triể

A PART 2: PRACTICE OF ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE

TRANSLATION

Practise translating the following texts into Vietnamese, using communicative translation in transferring the difficult phrases

or sentences in each text.

1 Rural tourism focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle.

It can be a variant of ecotourism Many rural villages can facilitate tourism because many villagers are hospitable and eager to

welcome (and sometime even host) visitors Agriculture is

becoming highly mechanized and therefore, requires less manual labor This trend is causing economic pressure on some villages, which in turn causes young people to move to urban areas Rural tourism generates employment and income for the residents of remote villages This is most especially beneficial to women who often have no new opportunities to earn income away from home

In addition, rural tourism can create a market and appreciation for local products and services and keep them alive

Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society asgigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources Rapid housing construction leads to overcrowding and slums, whichexperience major problems such as poverty, poor sanitation,

unemployment and high crime rates Additionally, strains on

important natural resources, such as water supply, leads to higher prices and general environmental sustainability problems

Urbanization makes people dependent on others for basic

necessities; urban-dwellers must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production, for instance, because city residents do not have enough land to grow their own food Urban-dwellers suffer thepsychological degradation that comes from depending on other people to accomplish the activities of daily life, from transportation

to education to entertainment.

3.

Women’s economic empowerment, or ensuring that women and men have equal opportunities to generate and manage income, is an important step to enhancing their development within the householdand in society Additionally, women play an important economic role in addressing poverty experienced by children By increasing female participation in the labor force, women are able to contributemore effectively to economic growth and income distribution since having a source of income elevates their financial and social status However, women’s entry into the paid labor force does not

necessarily equate to reduction of poverty; the creation of decent employment opportunities and movement of women from the

informal work sector to the formal labor market are keys to poverty

4.

Intelligent Houses are very similar to Programmable houses that areprogrammed to perform some activities The difference is in a way the house is being programmed In case of Programmable House technologies it was a human that needed to program or reprogram the house In case of Intelligent Houses it would be done

automatically by the house itself This is achieved by the capability

of the house to observe the inhabitants in the search for patterns After the pattern is found the house would start performing the activities automatically every time the pattern would be noticed again.One advantage of the Intelligent House is capabilities of

intrusion or accident detection As the house is observing the

inhabitant all the time and all their usual activities are stored, then it

is possible to easily detect an unusual activity In some

circumstances it could be a sign that an intruder entered the house inothers especially in case of elderly people is that a person for

example fainted In such cases the neighbours, police or health care

can be informed

5.

Around the world, millions of adults are unable to read or write, andtherefore struggle to earn a living for themselves and their families.Even in the United States, with its considerable resources, there are

36 million adults who can’t read better than the average

third-grader, according to the international nonprofit ProLiteracy In Detroit, Michigan, a widely cited 2003 survey conducted by the National Institute for Literacy found that almost half of residents over age 16 were functionally illiterate unable to use reading, speaking, writing, and computer skills in everyday life

For the first time in nearly three decades, preterm births in the U.S dropped for two years in a row for mothers of all ages under forty The Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics published the findings on Tuesday

Preterm births declined four percent nationally, from 12.8 percent per one hundred births in 2016 to 9.3 percent in 2018 The decrease during the last two years is a departure from preterm birth rates from the early 2000s through 2016, which increased by more than one third, according to CDC data Explanations for the increased premature births include more multiple births – which are often born earlier, and increased obstetric interventions such as induced labor and cesarean deliveries earlier in pregnancy

Throughout much of the history of Western civilization, deep-seatedcultural beliefs allowed women only limited roles in society Many people believed that women’s natural roles were as mothers and wives These people considered women to be better suited for

childbearing and homemaking rather than for involvement in the public life of business or politics Widespread belief that women were intellectually inferior to men led most societies to limit

women’s education to learning domestic skills Well-educated, upper-class men controlled most positions of employment and

H I J.

8

Many of the World's People who are Illiterate are Rural Women

Women make up over two-thirds of the world's 796 million people who are illiterate, and many of them live in rural areas In some countries, far fewer rural women can read and write than rural men For example, in Cambodia 48 percent of rural women are illiterate compared to 14 percent of rural men, while in Burkina Faso 78 percent of rural women and 63 percent of rural men cannot read andwrite Yet literacy and education can be powerful tools for

empowering rural women and fighting poverty and hunger In fact, women who are educated are more likely to be healthy, generate higher incomes, and have greater decision-making power within

Sustainable energy is energy that we will never use up or deplete It

is inexhaustible

Several forms of energy can be considered sustainable In addition

to the most commonly considered sources—wind, solar, and water

—there’s also bio energy and geothermal energy Bio energy is the process of creating energy from biological masses such as straw, manure and other agricultural byproducts Geothermal energy is

energy from Earth’s internal energy sources, like geysers.

Energy sustainability can also be achieved through improved energy

conservation and efficiency

10.

The issue of international trade and how it affects employment is anissue that needs to be addressed in the face of changing times and globalization Globalization has impacted unemployment rates in a positive and negative way It has created millions of jobs throughoutthe world But even with these jobs being created, unemployment is still a major problem International trades have resulted in some reduction and loss of domestic employment of low technology, and low skilled jobs to cheaper foreign labor But yet is has increased the demand of higher skilled workers The problem facing the

Governments is that we must find a way to stay completive in the face of Globalization, but yet protect the employment of its citizens.

11.

The degradation of forest ecosystems has also been traced to

economic incentives that make forest conversion appear more

profitable than forest conservation Many important forest functionshave no markets, and hence, no economic value that is readily

apparent to the forests' owners or the communities that rely on

forests for their well-being From the perspective of the developing world, the benefits of forest as carbon sinks or biodiversity reserves

go primarily to richer developed nations and there is insufficient compensation for these services Developing countries feel that some countries in the developed world, such as the United States of

America, cut down their forests centuries ago and benefited

economically from this deforestation, and that it is hypocritical to deny developing countries the same opportunities, i.e that the poor shouldn't have to bear the cost of preservation when the rich created

the problem

12.

As family responsibilities and vocational pressures become less, friendships become more important Among the elderly, friendshipscan provide links to the larger community; especially for people who cannot go out as often, interactions with friends allow for

continued societal interaction Additionally, older adults in

declining health who remain in contact with friends show improved psychological well-being Although older adults prefer familiar and established relationships over new ones, friendship formation can

continue in old age With age, elders report that the friends to whomthey feel closest are fewer in number and live in the same

community

13.

Tourism is concerned with various countries and cultures The World Tourism Organisation tells us that Cultural tourism accounts for 37% for Global tourism, and furthermore affirms that it will continue to grow / increase by 15% annually.Cultural Tourism allows travellers to be immersed in local rituals and routines and it also help the travellers to live a new and unique experience This also boosts a country’s economic growth

Cultural tourism is economically advantageous for both destinationsand as well as the communities that reside in them

Cultural tourism is important for various reasons: it has a positive economic and social impact It establishes and reinforces identity & helps to build image Travellers can live in the traditions and can learn the cultures of the respective countries that they are visiting Thus cultural tourism has emerged as a rising tourism trend.

14.

Traditionally, school cultural exchange programs brought together students from two or more schools to meet and interact in person, and student relationships were often maintained between visits using letter writing Today, with new and emerging communication technologies and increased globalisation, cultural exchange

programs may rely entirely on online interaction and/or incorporate these to compliment physical school (or community) visits These developments also mean that exchanges may involve any number ofschool communities and are easily sustainable as regular or ongoingevents Schools may wish to use a cultural exchange program to address issues of local concern Such issues may be identified by teachers, students or community members.

1.Hội nghị xúc tiến đầu tư :……Conference on investment promotion

2 Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn : Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural Development

3 Chính sách cơ bản đối với đầu tư trực tiếp ở VN :…Vietnam’s basic policy for/on foreign investment

4 Tổng quan quy hoạch và định hướng đầu tư đến năm 2015 :……

General planning and Investment Orientation by 2015.

5 Chính sách thu hút đầu tư của Việt Nam :VN ‘s investment

11 Hội nghị thượng đỉnh hợp tác vùng tiểu Mekong mở rộng: Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) cooperation summit

12 Triển vọng tăng trưởng ở tốc độ cao : the prospects in high-rate growth

13 Chiều hướng tích cực trong quan hệ hai nước : The positive tendencies in the two countries’ relations

14 Sự ổn định của nền kinh tế Việt Nam : Stability of Vietnam’s Economy:……

15 Hoạt động đầu tư, kinh doanh: …Investment and Business operation

16 Các lĩnh vực như cơ sở hạ tầng, dầu khí, năng lượng :…Areas/ fields such as Infrastructure, Oil, Energy

17 Phòng Thương mại và công nghiệp Việt Nam : Vietnam

Chamber of Commerce and Industry ( VCCI )

18 Công ty năng lượng của nước Đức đóng trụ sở tại tp Hồ Chí Minh: A German-owned energy company located in HCM company/ A German-owned HCMC –based energy company

19 Nhu cầu học ngoại ngữ ngày càng tang: increasing demand for learning foreign languages

20 Việc Việt Nam gia nhập WTO:…Vietnam’s entry into WTO ( World Trade Organisation )

21 Thị trường tài chính Việt Nam :Vietnam ‘s Finance/ Financial Market………

22 Chính sách thuế ưu đãi : Tax Preferential Treatment

23 Diễn đàn đầu tư AP : APEC forum

24 Thủ tục cấp giấy phép đơn giản : Simple Licence Procedure

25 Mức tăng trưởng nhập khẩu :……Import growth

26 Hiệp hội bất động sản tp HCM : HCMC Real Estate

Association ( HoREA)

27 Thặng dư thương mại :……Trade Surplus

28 Hiệp hội danh nghiệp Nhật Bản phát triển đô thị sinh thái hải ngoại: the Japan Association for the Development of Ecological Cities (J-CODE)

29 Doanh nghiệp xuất khẩu vừa và nhỏ :small and medium export enterprises

30 Khoản vay ngắn hạn với lãi suất thấp :short-terms loans with low interests

31 Sự trợ giúp của chính phủ, các cá nhân và các công ty :…the support / assistance from the government, individuals and

34 Ưu tiên của từng lĩnh vực :………priority on each area / field

35 Hoạt động hỗ trợ kỹ thuật :……Technical Assistance

operations…

36 Đào tạo nguồn nhân lực :…Human resource training

37 Ngày kỷ niệm thành lập đoàn thanh niên cộng sản Hồ Chí Minh: the anniversary of the HCM Communist Youth Union Founding

38 Suy thoái kinh tế toàn cầu : Global economic depression

39 Chủ trương, chính sách của Việt Nam về phát triển bền

vững :Vietnam’s policies on sustainable development

40 Ảnh hưởng của các chính sách thương mại của Mỹ đến châu

Á :influence of US trade policies on Asia

L.1 Khẳng định chính sách cơ bản đối với đầu tư trực tiếp ở Việt Nam ……(to ) affirm VN’s policy on direct investment

2 Đảm bảo đối xử bình đẳng với các nhà đầu tư ……(to ) apply equal treatment to all investors

3 Trình bày tổng quan quy hoạch và định hướng đầu tư đến năm

2015 …(to)…present the general planning and Investment

Orientation by 2015…

4 Luật Đầu tư nước ngoài tại Việt Nam được Quốc hội ban hành

……The law on foreign investment in VN was promulgated by the National Assembly

5 Thu hút 60,4 tỷ USD vốn đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài ………(to ) attract an FDI capital of 60.4 billion USD…

6 Bù đắp lại khoảng trống do ( công nghiệp mỏ ) gây ra: make up the gap left by ( mining industry )

7 Đánh giá cao đóng góp của các doanh nghiệp Hoa Kỳ trong việc thúc đẩy quan hệ song phương (to) highly appreciate the US

enterprises’ contributions to the promotion of bilateral relations

8 Đề nghị các doanh nghiệp tiếp tục các nỗ lực hỗ trợ và thúc đẩy quan hệ hai nước phát triển trên mọi lĩnh vực ………(to) ask/ request enterprises to make efforts in supporting and promoting the two countries’ relations to develop in all fields

9 Nhấn mạnh triển vọng tăng trưởng ở tốc độ cao và ổn định của nền kinh tế Việt Nam sau khi gia nhập WTO …………(to)

emphasize the prospects in high-rate growth and stability of VN’s economy after the entry into WTO

10.Đánh giá Việt Nam là địa điểm đầu tư hấp dẫn hàng đầu khu vực ………(to ) regard/ rate VN as a country with top attractive investments in the region

11 Bày tỏ quan tâm đầu tư vào các lĩnh vực như cơ sở hạ tầng, dầukhí, năng lượng, công nghệ …………(to ) show one’s interests in such investment areas as infrastructure, oil and gas, energy,

15 Nhằm kiểm soát mức tăng trưởng nhập khẩu của Việt Nam

……(to ) control VN’s import growth rate

16 Phát triển kinh tế vì lợi ích người dân : develop economy for the benefit of the people

17 Thực hiện chương trình tài chính mới vào năm tới………(to ) carry out a new financial programme next year……

18 Nhằm hỗ trợ tín dụng cho các doanh nghiệp xuất khẩu vừa và nhỏ………(to) provide loans/ credit assistance to small and mediumexport enterprises…

19 Đẩy mạnh phong trào học tập , rèn luyện và nghiên cứu khoa học : promote the movement for study, training and scientific

research

20 Giúp đỡ nhiều hộ lâm cảnh nghèo khó bắt đầu tham gia các hoạt động sản xuất hay dịch vụ…(to) help poor/ poverty-stricken households start taking part in production or service activities/

operations

21 Đề ra những định hướng hợp tác lớn dài hạn: set out major long-term cooperation/ collaboration orientations

22 Tìm hiểu các ưu tiên của Việt Nam trong quá trình xây dựng phát triển kinh tế - xã hội …(to ) find out VN’s priorities in socio-economic construction and development

23 Thảo luận về khả năng đóng góp của các tập đoàn Mỹ …(to) discuss the US delegations’ contribution ability

24 Tìm hiểu chủ trương, chính sách của Việt Nam trong việc ứng phó với suy thoái kinh tế toàn cầu và trong nước hiện nay.…(to) find out VN’s policies on coping with the global and national

economic decline / depression…

25 Phối hợp cùng Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư …………(to )

collaborate / be in collaboration with the Planning and Investment Ministry

26 Bàn về các chủ đề chính như khủng hoảng kinh tế toàn cầu……(to ) discuss main topics such as global economic crisis

27 Khẳng định nổ lực duy trì tăng trưởng kinh tế ………(to)

affirm one’s effort to maintain the economic growth

28 Chiếm ¼ kim ngạch xuất khẩu của VN : occupy / account for a quarter of VN’s export turnover

29 Chiếm phần lớn thị trường nhập khẩu : occupy the largest share

of import market

30 Tạo sức bật tốt : gain the strong momentum

1 Tại Hội nghị xúc tiến đầu tư :At the conference on investment promotion

2 Kể từ khi Luật Đầu tư nước ngoài tại Việt Nam ra đời/được thành lập ……Since the promulgation/ birth of the law on foreign investment in VN……

3 Sau khi gia nhập WTO : After the entry into WTO

4 Với nhịp độ đáng khích lệ: at an impressive tempo / rate

5 So với các thị trường lớn ở châu Á : In comparison with/

compared with big markets in Asia…

6 Với sự tham dự và phát biểu của Thủ tướng Việt Nam ………With the attendance of and the speech delivered by VN’s Prime Minister………

7 Với sự có mặt của khoảng 700 nhà đầu tư ……with the

participation of 700 investors

8 Với giá cả hợp lý: with reasonable / affordable prices

9 Trong bối cảnh hội nhập sâu rộng : in the context of deep

integration

10 Với tổng vốn đầu tư là 200 triệu USD: with the total investment

of USD 200 million

11 Trong suốt thập niên 2000… During / In (the decade of ) 2000s

12 Theo lời mời của……….đến tham dự……: according to/ at the invitation of……… to………

13 trong việc đối phó với ……in coping / dealing with

14.Trong tinh thần không có ai bị bỏ lại phía sau: in the spirit of no one being left behind

15.Trong bối cảnh toàn cầu hóa: In the context of globalisation

16 Trong nổ lực gia tăng chất lượng hàng hóa ……In an effort to increase the quality of goods……

17 Được sự trợ giúp của chính phủ………With/ Based on the support/assistance from the government