Career paths software engineering tg

Danielle Corwin SharpAlert Computing Systems Unit 7 1 Suggested Answers 1 Programmers create new programs using programming software.. 9 Suggested Answer Project: Software Update U

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Table of Contents

Answer Key 4

Audioscripts 13

Answer Key 16

Audioscripts 26

Answer Key 30

Audioscripts 41

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Book 1 Answer Key

4 Answer Key

Unit 1

1 Suggested Answers

1 There are many steps involved in creating software

Software must be written Then, it is designed and further

developed Software, once it is ready, is installed in the

hardware where it will be used It then needs to be tested

to see if there are errors The performance of the

software is evaluated to see if it is efficient

2 Software engineers play an important role in computer

function Computers use software to operate Software

engineers are responsible for designing and developing

software that helps the computer to know what to do

Software engineers must be able to write software on a

variety of topics that they may be unfamiliar with

Programming-in-the-large involves writing software in large

groups over a longer period of time

Programming-in-the-small involves Programming-in-the-smaller groups or individuals for writing

simpler software

6 1 T 2 T 3 F

7 1 software engineering 4 be hard

2 programming-in the-large 5 evaluate

3 investigate problems 6 sounds like

8 Suggested Answer

A: I’m interested in software engineering Is it a good career

choice?

B: I think so You are a good judge You’d enjoy evaluating

programs for efficiency

A: I agree I like evaluating things

B: Do you also like being creative when writing software?

A: Yes, I do

B: It can be challenging but it is very rewarding

A: I can’t wait to learn more about it

Is Software Engineering Right for You?

Rewards

- Engineers can design many types of programs

- The job comes with opportunities to investigate problems

and develop creative solutions

Challenges

- It can be hard to take critical evaluation

- Engineers must practice extensively to write effective

programs

Unit 2

1 Suggested Answers

1 If someone has a computer for personal use, it is usually

a PC, which stands for personal computer Many PCs are desktops and are strictly for home use Others are laptops or notebooks, which can be easily transported and used outside the home Tablets are becoming more popular, and are even easier to carry around

2 Businesses and individuals often use similar hardware, but many businesses have larger networks of computers

Corporate servers can tie multiple workstations to the same networks and databases For industries that require more advanced computing power, computing clusters are sometimes used Many businesses also install embedded computers in company vehicles and equipment

2 1 D 2 D 3 B

3 1 C 2 A 3 B 4 E 5 D

4 1 notebook 3 computers 5 embedded computers

2 server 4 computing cluster

2 finish that 5 Lots of people

3 laptops and desktops 6 this version

A: What are you working on?

B: I’m working on the software for the corporate server

A: Wait, didn’t you finish that already?

B: Sort of I finished setting it up with all the office workstations

A: So what are you doing now?

B: Next, I’m going to tie in the embedded computers in the company vehicles

A: That’s a good idea Lots of employees work in the field

B: Thant’s why this version needs to work well on a small screen

9 Suggested Answer Project: Corporate Server Software Current Progress: So far, I developed the program for use on

the office workstations

Reason for Extension: I would like to develop the program for

use on embedded computers in the company vehicles because lots of employees work in the field An important feature of the

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Answer Key 5

new version will be ease of use on a small screen

Unit 3

1 Several accessories are used to put information into a

computer A keyboard is the best device for putting

words, numbers, and other data into a computer A

QWERTY keyboard is the most common type in many

countries To navigate the screen and make selections,

users can move and click buttons on a mouse Many

optical mice are now wireless Scanners allow users to

copy images into a computer

2 Computers typically display information on a screen,

which is housed in a monitor Most monitors today are

flat panel monitors Users often need to produce hard

copies of images on the screen Printers allow for this

function Laser printers are very fast and precise, but

they do not display different colors well For photos and

other detailed images, inkjet printers are better

2 1 T 2 T 3 F

3 1 wireless 3 flat panel 5 laser printer

2 scroll wheel 4 keyboard 6 peripherals

4 Displaying information: inkjet printer, monitor

Inputting information: optical mouse, scanner

Storing information: flash drive

Some optical mice have scroll wheels to facilitate easy

movement up and down on the screen Some optical mice

are wireless, and do not need to be physically plugged into

the computer

6 1 B 2 A

7 1 can I help 4 optical mice

2 is incorrect 5 How many

3 I’m sorry 6 none of them

A: I’m sorry about that What’s the problem?

B: I ordered eight printers But only four arrived

A: We’ll get this fixed right away I see you ordered two

kinds Which ones were missing?

B: I received the laser printers, but not the inkjet printers I

needed this equipment immediately

A: Again, I’m really sorry I’ll throw in a package of flash

drives for free

9 Suggested Answer Customer: Leah Carmichael Order Number: 04772 Description of Problem: The customer was supposed to

receive four laser printers and four inkjet printers Instead, she received only four laser printers

Correction Needed: We need to send four inkjet printers right away

Please describe any special offers you made to the customer: I agreed to include a package of flash drives in

the order, free of charge

Unit 4

1 A computer is protected from damage primarily by the outer case This part of the computer must be rigid and durable Some computers have additional covers on particular parts of extra protection To prevent overheating, computers have fans to increase overflow, and heat sinks to carry heat away from the working parts

of a computer

2 A computer cannot function at all without a power supply

Some computers must be plugged into an outlet, while others can operate from battery power The power supply carries power to the motherboard, which routes it appropriately Once a computer has power, the way it recognizes and interprets information is determined by the processor

2 1 T 2 F 3 F

3 1 A cover B processor 2 A case B port

4 Cooling: heat sink, fan

Routing Energy: power supply, motherboard Accessing Data: hard drive, CD/DVD drive

Most computers have a fan to improve airflow, and a heat sink to carry heat away from the computer’s working parts

6 1 slow processor 4 loud fan

2 warm case 5 defective heat sink

7 1 problem 3 really slow 5 the fan

2 overheating 4 make a lot 6 heat sink

A: Have you used the computer in the downstairs office?

B: No Is there a problem with it?

A: Yes I think it’s getting wet

B: That’s not good Why do you say that?

A: It’s really close to a window And I heard some hissing noises near the power supply

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6 Answer Key

B: If I were you, I’d get a waterproof cover for it

A: I’d better give that a try

Machine: Computer in the downstairs office

Describe problem: I noticed that the computer is really

close to a window and there are hissing noises coming from

near the power supply I think that the computer is getting

wet

Request: The computer needs a waterproof cover

Unit 5

1 A system software allows computers to operate and it

comes in many forms A basic system software allows

users to enter commands directly into a computer These

commands dictate what programs a computer will run

The also dictate how a computer’s hardware will operate

Operating systems run a computer without direct

commands from a user These systems manage

applications and hardware automatically

2 Some systems’ software require users to enter

commands directly These commands are typed into the

computer through a keyboard and carried out by the

computer More sophisticated operating systems use

windowing systems These systems display information

and options in windows These windows are easy for

users to navigate and do not require users to enter

commands directly

2 1 A 2 D 3 B

3 1 D 2 E 3 A 4 B 5 F 6 C

4 1 A hardware 2 A device driver

B firmware B system software

7 1 system software 4 quiz tomorrow

2 hard assignment 5 chapter again

3 modern operating systems 6 forget to study

A: What did you think of that assignment about firmware?

B: I think I did well That assignment was hard, though

A: I thought so, too

B: I’m ready to study windowing systems They are much

or financial information Another type of malware is a computer virus This can cause serious damage to a computer, and can even prevent it from functioning altogether

2 To protect against security threats, computer users can install various types of security software Firewalls keep unauthorized users out of a network, so they cannot access sensitive information An antivirus software is designed to detect various types of malware It prevents the installation of dangerous programs It also detects and removes these programs once they are present It may have to quarantine certain files until the threat is removed

2 1 T 2 F 3 F

3 1 deny 2 permits 3 security software

4 Security threats: malware, spyware, virus

Security programs: antivirus software, firewall Protective actions: quarantine, removal

Spyware and viruses are both malware, but they function differently Spyware is hidden software that collects personal data from the computer, and users often do not notice it is there Viruses, on the other hand, usually noticeably disrupt computer functions

6 1 C 2 A

7 1 removed the spyware 4 happen again

2 confidential information 5 keep trying

3 security software 6 better update

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Answer Key 7

A: I removed the virus from your company’s system

B: Thank you Our systems contain a lot of important

information

A: I can see that If you don’t update your security software,

you could really be in trouble

B: Really? You think this will happen again?

A: Whoever wanted to damage your system is likely to keep

trying

B: I guess we’d better update the company’s antivirus

software, then

A: Definitely And I recommend a better firewall

B: What does that do?

A: It will prevent unauthorized access to the company

network

Dear Mr Greene,

I am concerned about your company’s computer security

When I inspected your systems, I discovered a virus This is

dangerous because it could have damaged your system and

lost your confidential information To keep your systems safe,

I recommend upgrading your antivirus software This will help

because it will prevent the installation of dangerous malware

Let’s meet to discuss this further

Danielle Corwin

SharpAlert Computing Systems

Unit 7

1 Programmers create new programs using programming

software This software allows them to enter long series

of instructions into a computer When the computer

carries out these instructions, this is known as a program

Programmers enter commands in code This code is

known as a programming language There are different

types of software the programmers use to enter code

Some software is very basic Other software provides

programmers with additional tools to make programming

easier

2 The most basic programming software is a source code

editor This software provides programmers with a text

editor Programmers enter code into the text editor to

create programs More complex software offer

programmers more tools IDEs generally provide

programmers with a text editor, debugger, and other

tools These tools may include a linker, a compiler, or an

7 1 about the difference 4 reads the information

2 a linker connects 5 what decodes

3 interpreter 6 programming languages

A: Can you help me with something?

B: Sure What is it?

A: I’m confused about the difference between IDEs and text editors

B: A text editor is used to write series of codes for programs A: Then what does an IDE do?

B: An IDE basically does the same thing but it provides the programmer with more tools to use

A: I see I was under the impression that an IDE was a text editor also

B: It is, but it’s a text editor with additional tools to make program writing easier

9 Suggested Answer Debugger / Interpreter: A debugger is used for finding and

correcting errors in code An interpreter is used for translating code written in different programming languages

Programing language / Text editor: A programming language

is used for writing code that a computer can interpret and execute A text editor is used to enter lines of code and create programs

Unit 8

1 Most businesses use an office suite This software usually includes a word processor and a spreadsheet application Some offices use accounting software applications These software allow a business to keep track of expenses and transactions Some businesses may use desktop publishing software to create posters, brochures, or other printed material

2 Many people use video editing software and image editing software at home This software allows them to edit and their pictures and videos Many people also use accounting software at home to keep track of their finances and do their taxes People often use word processors at home to type documents or read documents that have been sent to them

2 1 C 2 A 3 C

3 1 A 2 B 3 B 4 A

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8 Answer Key

4 1 Accounting 3 enterprise software 5 web browser

2 office suite 4 Image editing 6 spreadsheet

The company offers an office suite, accounting software,

image and video editing software, enterprise software and

desktop publishing software

6 1 F 2 T 3 F

7 1 the memo 3 the office suite 5 be updated

2 accounting software 4 other programs 6 see what you mean

A: Did you see the memo from the CEO?

B: You mean the one about the video games?

A: I can’t believe they want to start making video games

B: I think it’s a good idea It’s a whole market for us to break

into

A: I’m worried about what that will mean for all the other

applications that we make

B: What do you mean?

A: I’m afraid if we focus on making video games the quality

of our other software might go down

B: I see what you mean, but I don’t think that will happen

Image editing software: Use this software to perfect your

photos and preserve your family memories

Office suite: Use this software to create and print text

documents or to put together presentations

Accounting software: This software will help you keep

track of your budget on a monthly or weekly basis It’s a

good program to have when tax season comes

Video editing software: use this software to edit video

footage from your camera or phone into movies with

captions and music

Unit 9

1 Software serves many varied purposes Many

professional programs are for data management For

example, some software keeps track of payrolls Other

programs are for personal purposes, such as route

planning These programs use satellite navigation to

create a map of the world

2 Software engineers must be able to write for many

industries Software has many professional and

recreational uses Software engineers must be able to

create programs wherever they’re needed That means

they must often write for industries that they are largely

A: Where are we on software developments?

B: We are working on a few new projects

A: I only know about the payroll program

B: We started working on a mobile app for route planning

A: Can you tell me more about that?

B: We used the computer program that already existed and downsized it

A: When will it be ready for the market?

B: It should be finished in a few days

Dear Ms Thompson,

We recently finished a payroll program

Another project is a mobile app for route planning

So far, we have taken an existing computer program and downsized it

Since bioinformatics is so popular, we will begin writing a new program for it

Most of these programs will be accessible on digital assistants

Sincerely, Owen

Unit 10

1 A computer desktop usually has features that allow a user to access programs quickly Most have a button that opens a menu of all the files and programs on the computer They also typically have the option to save shortcuts to commonly-used files These appear as folders or icons on the desktop

2 Starting programs from a GUI is usually an easy, intuitive process In many cases, users can select something by simply clicking or double-clicking an icon To install a program, users may need to select “run” from a menu

Depending on the program, commands like “open” or

“launch” may be available from a file selection menu

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Answer Key 9

2 1 F 2 T 3 F 3 1 F 2 E 3 A 4 D 5 C 6 G 7 B

4 1 B 2 B 3 A 5 Suggested Answer To bring up the dropdown menu, a user must right-click

the icon for the program 6 1 B 2 B

7 1 can I help 4 nothing happens

2 open it 5 right-click

3 your desktop 6 I try that 8 Suggested Answer A: Thanks for calling DRD support How can I help you?

B: I tried to run your new software But I can’t get past the setup guide

A: I’m sorry to hear you’re having trouble What does the screen say?

B: It’s asking for my email address But nothing happens when I start typing

A: Do you see the cursor in the box?

B: No There’s nothing there

A: Go ahead and click in the box

B: I see It’s letting me type now 9 Suggested Answer Problem: The program does not open when I click the icon Solution: Remember to right-click the icon to bring up the dropdown menu Problem: The program does not accept my email address when I start typing Solution: Click in the text box and make sure you see the cursor appear there before typing Unit 11 1 Suggested Answers 1 The simplest way to combine numbers in mathematics is to add two quantities together For example, two plus three equals five Numbers can also be multiplied by each other In multiplication, one quantity is added to itself a certain number of times For example, two times three equals six In other words, two added to itself three times is six 2 Subtraction is a basic way to split numbers apart in mathematics It involves simply removing one quantity from another quantity, so that the answer is the difference between the two For example, five minus three equals two Division is also a way to split numbers into parts If x is divided by y, x is separated into y number of parts For example, six over two equals three 2 1 F 2 T 3 T 3 1 A over B times 2 A Add B subtract 4 Combining amounts: multiplied by, plus

Splitting amounts: less, minus, divided by

Expressing results: equal 5 Suggested Answer If someone accidentally subtracts an amount instead of adding it, the result will be lower than the original amount instead of higher 6 1 D 2 A

7 1 new program 3 you finish 5 divided by 2 schedule 4 fifteen hundred 6 three engineers 8 Suggested Answer A: What’s the status on the new program? B: We’re right on schedule A: Will you finish it by Monday? B: That’s five day away, right? And we need about twelve hundred more lines of code A: Twelve hundred divided by five is two hundred forty lines per day Can you do it? B: I think so We have four engineers working on it A: So you need each engineer to do sixty lines per day B: Sixty? Oh, of course Sixty lines times four engineers equals two hundred forty 9 Suggested Answer Hi Grant, The development of our new program is right on schedule We have four engineers working on the project According to the schedule, we have five days left to complete twelve hundred lines of code If each engineer completes sixty lines per day,

we can complete the project on time Here are my calculations: 4 engineers times 60 lines per day equals 240 lines per day 1200 lines divided by five days also equals 240 Let me know if you have any questions

Susan

Unit 12

1 Part of a whole are often expressed as fractions A whole

is divided into a number of equal parts Then, the quantity is expressed as a smaller number of those parts

¾ is fraction in which something occupies three parts of four total possible parts A percentage is another way to express the same quantity In this case, the quantity is the number of parts out of 100 75% is the quantity of something that occupies seventy-five parts of one hundred total possible parts

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10 Answer Key

2 To convert a percentage into a fraction, 100 is always

used as the initial denominator The percentage amount

is used as the numerator For example, if the percentage

is 40%, the fraction is 40 over 100 Then the fraction

should be reduced to its lowest form In this case, forty

parts out of one hundred is proportionally the same as

two parts out of five Therefore, the final fraction equals

If twelve out of fifteen is expressed as a fraction, it should be

reduced to its lowest form: 4/5 If expressed as a percentage,

it would show the number of parts out of 100 that it occupies:

80%

6 1 D 2 C

7 1 wanted to 4 four-fifths

2 software update 5 focus on

3 out of 6 one hundred percent

8 SuggestedAnswer

A: You wanted to see me?

B: Yes Our clients are asking about the new program

release

A: We’re working on it We already updated six out of eight

components

B: That’s three-fourths done What about the other two?

A: We’re developing a whole new system display It could

take a while

B: I want you to focus on that We’ll release the program as

soon as that’s done

A: So you want us to spend one hundred percent of our time

on it?

B: Yes The other component can wait until a software

update

Project: Software Update

Update: We have finished 6 out of 8 items That means the

project is 75% complete To complete the project as quickly

as possible, we will spend 100% of our time on the new

system display We will spend all of our time on this

Unit 13

1 There are many ways to describe changes in a market

Words like “increase” and “rise” describe a positive change When we say something decreases, or is in decline, we describe a negative change “Fluctuate” is a way to indicate that something moves up and down periodically And if something is steady, it remains about the same

2 When the market changes, people hope to see desirable outcomes This usually involves increasing sales If labor and material costs decrease at the same time, then people usually make money in a particular market These results often occur as technology improves and expands

2 1 A 2 C 3 B

3 1 H 2 G 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 E 7 D 8 F

4 1 A 2 B

If something is lower than it was, then it decreased

Someone might also say that it is in decline

6 1 F 2 T 3 T

7 1 new programs 4 steady pace

2 fluctuated 5 you think

3 increase 6 no doubt

A: How do the new programs do on the market?

B: The demand for the income tax software has really fluctuated

A: Why do you think that is?

B: It seems to increase drastically during tax season

A: What about the mobile app?

B: We noticed the demand increased It’s doing well

A: How do you think it will do in the future?

B: I have no doubt that it will remain pretty steady

Dear Mr Billings,

We have just released several new programs

The first software is a bill paying program Sales are really increasing I believe this is because improvements in the economy make people more comfortable with automatic payments

The other is a mobile app It is not as unpredictable as we thought it would be The sales are increasing steadily

Overall, the sales of our programs are expanding

Sincerely, Michelle

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Unit 14 1 Suggested Answers 1 When giving presentations, speakers must demonstrate confidence by standing up straight and making eye contact with the audience They also must clearly guide audiences through ideas by signposting and summarizing Instead of just talking, speakers can also use visual aids to help clarify or reinforce information Handouts are a good visual aid that leave audience members with something to take away with them 2 Engineers work in a field that requires complex and elaborate planning They must be able to demonstrate ideas clearly and convince others that projects are worthwhile Their arguments must be compelling and interesting An engineer may have great ideas But if he or she has poor presentation skills, the projects may never be approved 2 1 B 2 A 3 D 3 1 E 4 C 2 B 5 D 3 A 4 1 handout 3 note card 5 eye contact 2 review 4 presentation 5 Suggested Answer Note cards are a useful presentation tool, but presenters sometimes forget to look up and make eye contact with the audience while they are reading their note cards 6 1 T 2 F 3 F 7 1 was impressed with 4 note cards 2 couldn’t hear you 5 wrong with 3 project my voice 6 make eye contact 8 Suggested Answer A: What do you think of my presentation? B: I was impressed with your ideas But you need to work on your presentation skills A: What do you mean? B: For one, the audience was confused by all the numbers you listed A: I didn’t realize that Should I use a visual aid next time? B: Yes, a handout would be great And let’s work on using more signposting A: Why? Was I being unclear? B: People didn’t know when you switched to a new topic 9 Suggested Answer Presenter: Jill Steadman Please rate the presentation between 1 (low) and 5 (high): 3 What did the presenter do well? I liked that the presenter spoke clearly because everyone could hear her How could the presenter improve?

Next time, the presenter should use visual aids because she was talking lots of numbers which was quite confusing for the audience Unit 15 1 Suggested Answers 1 Software engineering students typically start with foundation studies in mathematics, including calculus and linear algebra They must also have a general understanding of electronics Even though they focus primarily on software, they must understand the hardware it will be applied to Therefore, software engineering students typically take computer engineering courses as well In upper-level courses, they typically learn about advanced programming and circuit analysis 2 In my country, there are many jobs in the software engineering field, but engineers almost always need a strong education While there is no official requirement, about 80% of software engineers in my country have a bachelor’s degree or higher Some engineers have not completed this education, but it is much easier to get a job with a degree 2 Area of study Subjects covered

Foundation year 1 basic engineering principles,

linear algebra, calculus

Computer Engineering 2 computer architecture,

general electronics

3 Upper-level software implementation of control systems, engineering courses complex programming

3 1 D 4 F 2 E 5 A 3 C 6 B 2 1 A bachelor’s degree B computer engineering 2 A circuit analysis B linear algebra 3 Suggested Answer Software engineering students take foundation courses in mathematics, such as calculus and linear algebra, before they take upper-level courses 4 1 F 2 F 3 T 7 1 advanced courses 3 should I take

2 foundation 4 computer engineering

3 to take calculus 6 computer architecture

A: Let’s talk about next semester

B: Can I enroll in software programming courses yet?

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12 Answer Key

A: Not quite You still have some foundation work to finish

B: Like what?

A: First, you need to take some basic electronics courses

Then you can enroll in upper-level courses

B: I guess I’ll do that, then What else should I take next

Student: Ben Hampton

Advisor: Jean Bukowski

What courses did the student take already?

The student completed the foundation courses Calculus and Computer Engineering last semester What courses do you recommend for next semester?

I recommend that students take Linear Algebra and Intro to

Electronics How will these courses help the student meet his or her

long-term goals? These courses will help the student complete the foundation

education and prepare him for more advanced programming

courses

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Audioscripts

Answer Key 13

Unit 1

Student (М): Professor Wendell? I’m really interested in

software engineering But is it a good career choice?

Instructor (W): I think so You are a good leader You’d enjoy

programming-in-the-large

Student: I agree I like working in groups

Instructor: You like to investigate problems, right?

Student: Yes, I do But software engineering seems like it

could be hard

Instructor: It’s sometimes challenging when others evaluate

your work But if you are patient, it is very rewarding

Student: That sounds like something I can do

Unit 2

Engineer 1 (M): Hey, Grace What are you working on?

Engineer 2 (W): I’m still developing the home banking

application

Engineer 1: Wait, didn’t you finish that already?

Engineer 2: Well, sort of I finished a version for laptops and

desktops

Engineer 1: So what are you doing now?

Engineer 2: Next, I’m going to create an application for tablets

Engineer 1: Oh, that’s a good idea Lots of people carry

tablets nowadays

Engineer 2: Right That’s why this version needs to work well

with a touchscreen

Unit 3

Representative (M): Thanks for calling Worldwide Comp

Supply How can I help you?

Customer (W): Hi, I’m calling about order number 25841

Some of the order is incorrect

Representative: I’m sorry to hear that What’s the problem?

Customer: I ordered thirty-six optical mice Thirty were

regular, and six were wireless

Representative: I see that on your order information How

many were in the shipment?

Customer: Well, I received all thirty-six mice But none of

them are wireless

Representative: Oh, no! We’ll get this fixed right away

Customer: This is a real hassle I needed this equipment

immediately

Representative: Again, I’m really sorry I’ll throw in two more

mice for free

Unit 4 Engineer 1 (M): Hey, Greta Have you used the computer in

the conference room?

Engineer 2 (W): No Is there a problem with it?

Engineer 1: Yeah I think it’s overheating

Engineer 2: Oh, that’s not good What’s it doing?

Engineer 1: Well, the processor is working really slow And the

case feels unusually warm

Engineer 2: Does it make a lot of noise?

Engineer 1: Now that you mention it, the fan did seem really

loud

Engineer 2: It sounds like you’re right If I were you, I’d

replace the heat sink

Engineer 1: Yeah, it’s probably defective I’d better give that a

try

Unit 5 Student 1 (M): What did you think of that assignment about

early system software?

Student 2 (W): That was a really hard assignment!

Student 1: I thought so, too I can’t believe people used to

enter everything manually

Student 2: I know what you mean I’m ready to study modern

operating systems

Student 1: I agree They’re so much easier to use

Student 2: Are you ready for the quiz tomorrow?

Student 1: I need to review that chapter again

Student 2: Don’t forget to study about device drivers Student 1: I’m not too worried about that

Unit 6 Engineer (W): Well, Mr Clay I removed the spyware from

your company’s system

Manager (M): Oh, thank you! Our systems contain a lot of

confidential information

Engineer: Yes, I can see that If you don’t update your security

software, you could really be in trouble

Manager: Really You think this will happen again?

Engineer: Whoever wanted your information is likely to keep

access the company’s network

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Audioscripts

14 Answer Key

Unit 7

Student 1 (M): Can you help me with something?

Student 2 (W): Sure What is it?

Student 1: I’m confused about the difference between linkers

and compilers

Student 2: Okay Well, a linker connects a program to

information it needs from other programs

Student 1: Wait, I thought an interpreter did that

Student 2: No An interpreter just reads the information so

the program can run

Student 1: Okay So then, a compiler is what decodes

Engineer 1 (M): Did you see the memo from the CEO?

Engineer 2 (W): Do you mean the one about the accounting

software?

Engineer 1: Yeah They want a whole new program for the

office suite We’re supposed to develop it by the end of

the month

Engineer 2: I think that’s a good idea A lot of our customers

probably use accounting anyway

Engineer 1: Yeah, but I’m worried What will that mean for

the other programs in our office suite?

Engineer 2: What do you mean?

Engineer 1: Well, our word processor needs to be updated

I’m afraid that a new program will take away from that

Engineer 2: I see what you mean, but I think it’ll be fine

Another team is scheduled to complete that update this week

Unit 9

Owner (W): Owen, where are we on software developments?

Engineer (M): We’re working on a lot of new things, Ms

Thompson

Owner: Last I heard, you were finishing a mobile app for cost

analysis

Engineer: We finished that Now, we’re working on a

program for route planning

Owner: Can you tell me more about that?

Engineer: We want to adapt a satellite navigation program

But ours will be much smaller

Owner: Why is that?

Engineer: It needs to be compatible with digital assistants

Unit 10 Representative (W): Thanks for calling Mailbag Support

How can I help you?

Customer (M): Hi, I just installed the new Mailbag Deluxe

But I can’t open it

Representative: I’m sorry to hear you’re having trouble Do

you see the icon on your desktop?

Customer: Yes, it’s there But nothing happens when I click

it

Representative: Did you right-click the icon?

Customer: No Should I try that?

Representative: Yeah, go ahead and right-click it instead

Customer: Let’s see Oh, I see And now I click “Open

Mailbag”?

Representative: That’s right

Unit 11 Engineer 1 (M): What’s the status on the new program?

Engineer 2 (W): We’re right on schedule

Engineer 1: Great! Will you finish it by next Friday?

Engineer 2: That’s ten days away, right? And we need about

fifteen hundred more lines of code

Engineer 1: Fifteen hundred divided by ten is one hundred

and fifty lines per day Can you do it?

Engineer 2: I think so We have three engineers working on

it

Engineer 1: So you need each engineer to do fifty lines per

day

Engineer 2: Fifty? Oh, of course Fifty lines times three

engineers equals one hundred fifty We can handle that

Unit 12 Engineer (M): Hi, Mr Lennox You wanted to see me?

Manager (W): Yes, Jenna Our clients are asking about the

new software update

Engineer: We’re working on it We already fixed twelve out of

the fifteen problems

Manager: Well, that’s four-fifths done What about the other

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Audioscripts

Answer Key 15

update as soon as that’s done

Engineer: So you want us to spend one hundred percent of

our time on it?

Manager: Yes The other fixes can wait until the next update

Unit 13

Engineer 1 (M): Hey, Mary How did the new programs do on

the market?

Engineer 2 (W): The demand for the route planning program

has really fluctuated

Engineer 1: That’s strange Why do you think that is?

Engineer 2: It seems to increase in the summer That’s when

people travel the most

Engineer 1: Oh, that makes sense What about the budget

mobile app?

Engineer 2: That did better The demand increased at a

steady pace

Engineer 1: How do you think it will do in the future?

Engineer 2: I have no doubt it will do well

Unit 14

Engineer (W): What do you think of my presentation?

Manager (M): I was impressed with your ideas But you need

to work on your presentation skills

Engineer: What do you mean?

Manager: For one, the audience couldn’t hear you towards

the back

Engineer: Oh, I didn’t realize that So I need to project my

voice next time

Manager: Exactly And let’s work on using fewer note cards

next time

Engineer: Why? What’s wrong with them?

Manager: You looked at them too much You need to make

eye contact with your audience

Engineer: I see I guess I should practice before my next

presentation

Unit 15

Advisor (W): So, Ben Let’s talk about next semester

Student (M): Okay Can I enroll in advanced courses yet?

Advisor: Well, not quite You still have some foundation work

to finish

Student: Really? Like what?

Advisor: First, you need to take calculus Then you can enroll

Student: Yes, I think I’m ready for that

Advisor (W): I’ll sign you up for computer architecture

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16 Answer Key

Unit 1

1 Anyone who works alongside other people must have

good interpersonal skills and be a team player Good

communication skills are essential He or she must have a

commitment to the group, and should be dedicated to the

overall success of the work Coworkers appreciate

someone who can focus and maintain a goal-oriented

attitude that benefits the entire organization

2 Software engineering is a very technical field, and

engineers must have advanced technical expertise in

order to be successful They must have the ability to think

critically about something and solve problems in a logical

manner However, they are also responsible for creating

programs and solutions that have never been seen or

tried That means they must also have the ability to think

outside the box and develop innovative programs

Someone who thinks of unusual ideas can be described as

innovative, and as someone who thinks outside the box

6 1 T 2 F 3 F

7 1 technical expertise 4 think outside the box

2 still in college 5 interview with him

3 helped develop 6 curious, innovative person

A: How do the job applications look?

B: There are a couple of good applicants I like this one:

George Nelson

A: What does his résumé say?

B: He recently got a PhD from Gelman Technical Institute

A: That’s a tough school He must be very goal-oriented

Who else is there?

B: I like Alice DeWitt, too She’s still in college, but she

helped develop the video game “Stones of Fury”

A: That was a really elaborate project Those engineers

really had to have serious commitment

B: Should I set up an interview with her? A:

Yes Experience is nice But I’d rather go with a

dedicated, innovative person

Applicant: George Nelson

Qualifications: He has a PhD from Gelman Technical Institute

Do you plan to hire this applicant? Why or why not? I do not

plan to hire this applicant Even though he is goal-oriented, he has not demonstrated any special abilities or innovative thinking

Applicant: Alice DeWitt Qualifications: She is still in college, but she helped develop

“Stones of Fury” video game

Do you plan to hire this applicant? Why or why not? I plan to

hire this applicant because she has demonstrated strong commitment and innovation

an analysis involves careful observation and patience Another way of identifying the problem is to check standard procedures for common problems

2 Problem solving begins with problem identification This is usually done through an analysis of the problem Once the problem is identified, a solution can be found A solution may be simple, or it may involve a synthesis of multiple actions A solution should be considered carefully before it is applied Once the solution is applied it is important to make sure that the problem has been solved completely If it has not, another iteration of problem solving begins This involves further analysis of the problem and application of new solutions

6 1 A 2 A

7 1 project going 4 common solutions

2 lot of problems 5 will you do

3 a quick analysis 6 more detailed

A: How is your project going?

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Answer Key 17

B: It’s going well, but I’m having trouble solving a couple

of problems A:

What solutions have you tried?

B: I’ve been running some standard procedures, but none of

them have worked

A: Have you tried anything else?

B: I also did a quick analysis of all the software code and

I’m completing a more detailed analysis of all the code

A: That’s a good plan

1 Identify the problem A good way to do this is to complete

an analysis of the project and think about possible causes of

the problem

2 Think of a solution It’s a good idea to think of a few

possible solutions for the problem

3 Apply the solution A good way to do this is to try a

synthesis of multiple solutions

4 Complete an analysis to ensure that the problem has been

fully resolved

Unit 3

1 Engineers use principles of accounting to monitor changes

in quantities Since engineers are responsible for

developing various solutions and tools, they must be able

to determine whether a process is functioning If

something is not working as expected, an engineer must

be able to determine why Accounting practices provide a

standard way to measure changes so that further

adjustments and formulations are accurate

2 Consumption and generation are two parts of the same

process Consumption occurs when an amount of

something is used or destroyed This usually occurs in

order to power or drive something else The use of the

resource is then converted into a product, which is

generation This is usually the desired outcome of

consumption Some resources may be lost or wasted in

the process, so consumption does not always translate

directly into generation

Open systems allow mass to pass in and out of the system, while

closed systems always maintain constant mass

6 1 A 2 D

7 1 get backwards 4 measure them

2 it’s extensive 5 don’t quite get

3 cannot be counted 6 temperature

A: Are you ready for the accounting test?

B: I don’t know I still mix up some of the concepts

A: So do I Do you remember the difference between input and generation?

B: I think so Input is added to a system, right?

A: That sounds right On the other hand, generation is what the system produces

B: So input already exists, while generation is created

A: I still don’t get where generation comes from

A: It’s related to consumption Think about the smoke from a fire Consumption is the process of burning wood, and smoke is the generation from that process

B: That makes sense

1 Intensive Quantity Temperature This a good example of

this concept because temperature is a quantity that can be measured, but it cannot be counted

2 Generation Smoke This is a good example of

this concept because consumption is the process of burning wood and smoke

is the generation from that process

Unit 4

1 Requirements engineering is the practice of creating and documenting specifications for software and other applications Requirements engineers must define the purpose of software they are creating Generally, this means deciding if software will be customer-driven or market-driven Once this has been decided, engineers must describe the specifications of the software They record these specifications in requirements documents

These documents are organized in a way that makes sense for the specific software being described Before the software is made, the documents are given validation and verification This ensures that all data in the document is accurate and has been communicated accurately

2 Software specifications are organized into a requirements document Depending on the software, the specifications are organized differently For some software, the specifications are organized by mode This describes the way the software will function in different settings Some documents organize the specifications by user class This describes how the software will operate for each type of user Documents organized by response describe how the software will operate in terms of the information that it will give to users Requirements documents can be organized by any functional hierarchy

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18 Answer Key

2 1 C 2 D 3 A

3 1 A 3 B 5 D 7 F

2 C 4 H 6 E 8 G

4 1 objects 3 functional hierarchy 5 response

2 user class 4 mode

Engineers find errors in requirements documents during the

validation and verification processes

6 1 T 2 T 3 F

7 1 on the requirements 4 Some of the specifications

2 the validation 5 updating the data

3 What happened 6 end of the week

A: Can you give me an update on the new project?

B: It’s going slowly It was good at first, but we found some

major problems when we did the verification

A: What were the problems?

B: All of the data was correct, but it was organized in a way

that didn’t make much sense

A: Will we be able to fix the problem?

B: Yes Instead of organizing it by mode, we’ve decided to

switch to user class

A: How long will that take?

B: We should have it done by the end of the month

A: Oh, good I was worried we couldn’t make the client’s

deadline

From the desk of: Allison Baxter

Hi Greg,

Here is an update on the library catalog project

Current stage: We are currently plugging new data into the

requirements document

Problems encountered: During validation, we discovered

that our data was not organized well

Next steps: When we finish updating the data, we will

complete validation again to ensure everything is correct this

1 Software architecture is the practice of viewing software

systems in terms of their major components It also

involves characterizing the interactions between the

major components of a software system Viewing software in this way allows engineers and programmers

to understand how software works and to identify problems with software Software architecture works by viewing components of software separately from each other according to function Once the components have been isolated, they can be studied more closely

2 There are a few ways that software is viewed in software architecture In a conceptual view, software is broken down into its major design elements This allows the interactions between those elements to be examined closely When software is viewed in deployment view, it is examined in terms of its relationship to physical nodes

When software is viewed in process view, the software is portrayed in terms of the tasks the system must perform

2 1 A 2 C 3 D

3 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B

4 1 Software architecture 4 application framework

2 idiom 5 programming plan

3 module 6 design pattern

Sheryl will present on the progress of the application framework for new accounting software She will also talk about plans for developing the deployment view of the software

6 1 F 2 F 3 T

7 1 your presentation 4 application framework

2 describe software architecture 5 put something

3 another client 6 an implementation view

B: I’d be happy to

A: I need to give some other clients an overview of the progress we’ve made on the design patterns for their project

B: If you send me the information for the project, I can do it

A: I’ll have all the data sent to you this afternoon

B: When will the presentation be?

A: The presentation is next week, but I need you to finish your notes by Friday so I can look over them first

B: I’ll send them to you as soon as they are ready

Linda will present on the benefits of developing the

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Answer Key 19

conceptual view before the deployment view

Terry will present on the changes to the process view of

the word processing software

Alan will present on the development of idioms and

design patterns for use in accounting software projects

Unit 6

1 Domain-specific software architecture is the practice of

using pre-established patterns and systems to create

plans for new software Software engineers can consider

what kind of data they have and what kind of software

they are creating to select a pre-established system for

their software The system defines the basics of how the

software will be structured After that, the engineer only

needs to link the software to his or her specific data A

few types of pre-established software structures exist for

engineers to choose from Each type is suited to different

kinds of data structures or software functions

2 There are a few types of architectural structures for

designing software An abstract data type designs a

system that matches the structure of the data being

processed In this system, components are designed to

maintain themselves An implicit invocation relies on

computations that are provoked by internal events rather

than user input A layered structure is organized into

seven layers These layers are organized in ascending

functionality The most basic functions are on the bottom

layers while the higher ordered operations are at the top

A software engineer decides to use an established

structure according to the data and necessary functions of

his or her software He or she uses the framework of the

structure as a basis and changes the details according to

the specifics of the project

6 1 D 2 A

7 1 database software 4 our data will

2 architectural structure 5 were you thinking

3 about a repository 6 pipes and filters

i ht

A: Do you have any ideas about how we should start with this

database software?

B: Since we’re going to be bringing in a lot of data from

outside sources, I thought about using an abstract data

type

A: I agree But I don’t think we need one that complicated Our data will be more ordered than that

B: What were you thinking then?

A: I think a repository might be good That would be nice and simple

B: I really don’t like that idea We also need the system to do some pretty complicated functions I don’t think a

repository will work well for that

A: You’re right We need something that lends itself to functions

B: What about a layered plan?

A: I think that could work

Hi Ken,

I looked over your ideas for the new project You suggested using an abstract data type architectural style I don’t think this is a good idea because it is much more complicated than our project requires Instead, why don’t you use the repository architectural style? It’s better because it is a simpler system Or you could use the layered architectural style The advantage of that is that it’s still relatively simple but it can perform many functions Let me know what you decide Sylvia

Unit 7

1 A call graph shows an abstraction of a software system This abstraction is a basic system structure It depicts a system in terms of its modularity A call graph shows modules as well as the connections between modules The connections are described in terms of their coupling and cohesion Engineers use call graphs to design a system in the most general terms possible They can then examine the system and correct errors before the system becomes very complex

2 Call graphs provide programmers with a basic plan of how a system will work Because a call graph does not as many details or as much data as a completed system, it is easier to edit Problems that arise in a call graph can be changed relatively easily Call graphs are less susceptible

to wicked problems These are problems that have multiple causes and are very difficult to solve A call graph’s simplicity makes it easier to correct and perfect Once a call graph is perfected, it provides a strong basis for a software design

2 1 B 2 D 3 A

3 1 wicked problem 3 information hiding 5 simplify

2 call graph 4 stopping rule

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20 Answer Key

4 1 A Coupling B Cohesion

2 A intra-modular attributes B Inter-modular attributes 3 A system structure B abstraction

4 A Complexity B Modularity 5 Suggested Answer

Programmers can avoid wicked problems in their designs by using call graphs These plans allow programmers to eliminate problems before the software becomes too complex 6 1 F 2 F 3 T 7 1 still confused 4 add the details 2 cleared up 5 abstraction 3 make a call graph 6 before the software 8 Suggested Answer A: Is there anything you need help with? B: Yes, actually I’m still confused about some parts of our projects A: Let’s see if we can get that cleared up then What is confusing you? B: I don’t really understand the difference between cohesion and coupling A: Cohesion describes the measure of interactions between modules Does that help? B: Yes, I’m still not sure what coupling is A: Coupling tells us how strong those interactions are B: I see Why do we need to define those in the system plan? Won’t the data set those limits for us? A: That’s part of creating a strong design Putting cohesion and coupling into our call graphs allows us to eliminate any problems with the software before they arise 9 Suggested Answer Design Benefits

call graph provides a plan of what a final product will look like

abstraction provides a broad plan before details have been decided

cohesion and allows elimination of problems before coupling they arise Unit 8 1 Suggested Answers 1 There are two basic types of design methods The first is bottom-up design In a bottom-up design, an engineer begins by creating the most primitive subfunctions of the design These subfunctions are then connected to each other and built upon Eventually, the engineer will create higher level functions until he or she reaches the main user functions The other type is top-down design In this system, an engineer begins by defining the user functions of the software From there, the engineer creates the subfunctions to support these user functions Typically, neither process is used purely by itself 2 Engineers need to identify and manage problems that come up in their software One way engineers can do this is by decomposing programs This means that they split the higher-level functions of the software into smaller subfunctions This allows engineers to study the subfunctions closely and identify problems It also helps to split problems up into more manageable sizes The process of decomposing software to identify problems is known as functional decomposition 2

1 D 2 B 3 A 3 1 A 3 A 5 A

2 A 4 B

4 1 A top-down design B bottom-up design

2 A idealistic B primitive

3 A subfunction B Philosophy

5 Suggested Answer Students will learn the philosophy behind design methods They will also learn about problem solving in software design 6 1 T 2 F 3 F 7 1 a bottom-up design 4 what about top-down 2 managing problems 5 it’s easier to 3 to eliminate them 6 by decomposing 8 Suggested Answer A: Can anyone tell me about the limitations of a top-down design? B: Yes With a top-down design the engineer starts with the higher function This means they’re more likely to have complicated problems A: Can you tell me about some of the benefits of a top-down design? B: A top-down design allows for functional decomposition when problems come up A: And what about bottom-up designs? B: It’s easier to avoid problems with a bottom-up design than with a top-down design A: How so? B: Since the engineer is building the most basic elements of the software first, they’re less likely to make mistakes

A: That’s correct It looks like you’ve been keeping up on the reading 9 Suggested Answer Top-Down

Pros Cons

- allows engineer to define user - more likely to have

functions first complicated problems

- allows for functional decomposition - more difficult to correct

Trang 20

Answer Key 21

mistakes

Bottom-Up

Pros Cons

- easier to avoid problems - does not allow for

functional decomposition until the end of the process - engineer must begin at

the most basic level Unit 9 1 Suggested Answers 1 There are a few ways that software engineers visualize software structures Software engineers design systems according to data flow This means that they examine the way data moves through a system Software engineers can represent the data flow of a system in charts called DFDs These charts map the movement of data from module to module in a system They allow software engineers to optimize data flow in a system Software engineers also use structure charts and structure diagrams These charts and diagrams use schematic logic to represent the objects and functions in a system 2 There are three distinct phases in Jackson System Development, or JSD The first stage is the modeling stage At this stage, engineers consider the real-world problems that their software needs to solve They describe these problems carefully and consider the best means of operation for their software The second stage is the network stage In this stage a system is represented graphically Engineers make note of the modules of a system and the connections between modules In this way, the system as shown as a network of communication processes The final stage is the implementation stage In this stage the system is transformed from a network of processes to a complete working design 2 1 B 2 C 3 A 3 1 C 3 E 5 A 2 B 4 D

4 1 structure chart 4 structure diagram 7 DFD 2 JSD 5 Data flow design

3 schematic logic 6 JSP 5 Suggested Answer Data Flow Diagrams help engineers visualize how their software will work 6 1 F 2 T 3 F 7 1 working in JSP 3 easier to gauge 5 the network stage 2 For this project 4 What stage 6 The data flow 8 Suggested Answer A: Do you mind if I ask you a few questions about the project you’re working on? B: Go ahead

A: I’m interested in different software design methods I was just wondering if you were working in JSP B: No, but you’re close For this project I’m using a data flow diagram A: What made you decide to plan it that way? B: I prefer it because I want the software to run fast, so I need to make sure that the data is moving in the most efficient way possible A: How is the project going? B: I’m still looking for ways to optimize some of the processes

A: Let me know if I can help I’d love to be involved B: OK I will

1 Begin with the modeling stage This involves assessing what functions the software will need to perform Try to imagine a system which is capable of managing those functions

2 Continue to the networking stage In this stage, try to map out the objects in the system and define the interactions between them Express the elements of the system with schematic logic

3 Finally, execute the implementation stage This is when you use your system map to create a functioning system

Unit 10

1 Object-oriented design is the practice of structuring designs according to the objects within them

Engineers focus on the nodes and modules of a system and the relationships between those objects

They also focus on the attributes or properties of objects in a system To create designs in object-oriented design, engineers make diagrams that map different aspects of the objects in a system Each diagram depicts the same system in different terms

Engineers can use these diagrams to plan and optimize their designs The Fusion method and the Booch method are two popular procedures of object-oriented design

2 There are many types of diagrams used in object-oriented design Each type of diagram depicts a different aspect of a system or of the objects in a system A collaboration diagram shows each object in

a system in relation to a particular interaction A sequence diagram gives the time ordering of events

in an interaction A class diagram models the relationships between objects in a system This type

of diagram also depicts the decomposition of a

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22 Answer Key

system A state diagram depicts the dynamic

behavior of single objects in a system

2 1 T 2 F 3 F

3 1 E 3 D 5 F 7 G

2 B 4 C 6 A 8 H

4 1 property 3 relationship 5 attribute

2 state 4 OMTs 6 object-oriented

The Booch method is a popular model of object-oriented

design which uses its own modeling language to describe

objects in a system The Fusion method is another popular

model of object-oriented design

6 1 A 2 C

7 1 create some diagrams 4 mapping the object interactions

2 Sounds interesting 5 Can you send me

3 an interaction diagram 6 end of the month

A: Do you want to speak to me?

B: I have a project for you I need you to create some

diagrams for the accounting software

A: What kind of diagrams do you need?

B: We’ll need a state diagram, a sequence diagram, and a

collaboration diagram

A: Have the engineers finished defining all of the object

functions yet?

B: No, they haven’t This means that you’ll have to work on

the sequence diagram last In the meantime, you can get

started on the other two diagrams These diagrams need to

be done in the next two weeks We’re going to use them in

a client presentation

A: So they need to look really professional, right?

B: Right 9 Suggested Answer 1 class diagram depicts the decomposition of a system 2 state diagram shows the dynamic behavior of single objects 3 sequence diagram shows time ordering of events in an

interaction 4 collaboration depicts objects in relation to an

diagram interaction

Unit 11 1 Suggested Answers 1 Software failures occur because of human error When an engineer enters something into a computer incorrectly, this is called an error In software engineering, errors usually take place in software code When a computer tries to execute code that is incorrect, a fault occurs This fault often creates a failure A failure is the detectable outcome of a fault Engineers can find errors in code by detecting faults They do this with a fault detection model 2 There are a few models of fault detection One is the demonstration model This model ensures that software satisfies its specified purpose This model is generally used at the early stages of development Another model is destruction model This model detects implementation failures in new software Another model is the evaluation model This model detects faults in all areas of software These areas include design, implementation, and requirements Another model is the prevention model This model attempts to prevent faults in all areas of software before they occur 2 1 F 2 T 3 F 3 1 expected 3 prevention model 5 test criteria

2 error 4 evaluation model 6 oracle

4 1 A fault B failure

2 A Fault prevention B Fault detection

3 A compare B satisfy

4 A demonstration model B destruction model

4 Suggested Answer The company uses oracles to compare test results and find faults They also use different test models to detect and prevent faults 5 1 A 2 D

6 1 on the testing 4 the destruction model

2 looking over 5 Use an oracle

3 few failures 6 run some more

A: I need an update on the testing for the latest project

B: It looks like the software didn’t do very well We detected a lot of faults

A: What testing model did you use?

B: For this test we used the prevention model

A: Use an oracle to determine where the failures are coming from Then have a team of engineers fix them

B: I will do that We will probably run some more tests while

we do that

A: That’s a good idea I think you’re going to find more failures when you look at other models

B: What testing model should we use?

A: I’d like to see the results from a demonstration model

8 Suggested Answer Project: TX907 Tests completed: prevention model testing Results: The software fulfills its intended purpose, but small

faults were found in the primitive code

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