The analysis ò the social conflict ò the main characters in the works ò john galsworthy”

ABSTRACT In an attempt to understand more about the works of English writer John Galsworthy, the research aims to find out what the types of social conflict that John Galsworthy often us

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere thanks to many people who assisted me in

my research work

First of all, I would like to express my special thanks to Mrs Hoang Thi Thu

Ha for all her invaluable guidance, support and advice on my topic The very useful comments and suggestions from her helped me very much to develop my ideas and

complete this thesis

Secondly, I would like to acknowledge my debt to my friends in class K19 of Foreign Language Department, who encouraged and helped me a lot with my work

The support of my family members is immense I would not be able to complete this study without their encouragement I would like to thank my parents, my younger brother and my grandmothers for being always there, helping and supporting

me during completion of the study

My sincere thanks to all the lectures in Foreign Language Department for their valuable support and contributive remarks that encouraged and enabled me to fulfill this study

Many thanks also go to all of you, to anyone I have forgotten to mention here

Thank you very much!

Thanh Hoa, May 2020

Le Thi Loc

ABSTRACT

In an attempt to understand more about the works of English writer John Galsworthy, the research aims to find out what the types of social conflict that John Galsworthy often used are, what the presence of these types of social conflict of the main characters in his works and what some suggestions for readers to understand social conflict are To find the answers to these questions, a survey was carried out through several steps The subjects of the study were some typical stories, novel and plays of John Galsworthy A careful collection was employed to guarantee the reliability and objectiveness of the study Based on the result of the survey, it was found that John Galsworthy often used conflict of involving social positions much more frequently than the others And in order to understand most of conflict of involving social positions, the readers should pay attention to the contexts

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

1 Reational: 1

2 Objectives of the study 2

3 Scope of the study 3

4 Methods of the study 3

5 Research questions 3

6 Design of the study 3

PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT 4

CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 5

1 Concept of Conflict 5

1.1 Definition of Conflict 5

1.2 Types of Conflict: 5

2 Social Conflict 6

2.1 Definition 6

2.2 Types of Social Conflict 7

2.3 Effect of Social Conflict 10

3 John Galsworthy 11

3.1 Brief biography of John Galsworthy 11

3.2 The writing style of John Galsworthy 13

3.3 Writing career of John Galsworthy and his noticeable works 14

3.3.1 Introduction of some noticeable works: 14

3.3.2 Social conflict in the works of John Galsworthy 15

4 Summary 16

CHAPTER 2: SOCIAL CONFLICT OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE WORKS OF JOHN GALSWORTHY 17

1 Social conflict in novel: 18

1.1.Survey about expression of social conflict in The Man of property 18

1.2 Evaluation 25

2, Social conflict in plays: 31

2.1 Social conflict in Justice 31

2.1.1 Survey on expression of social conflict in Justice………….……… 54

2.1.2 Evaluation 34

2.2 Social conflict in Strife 37

2.2.1 Survey on expression of social conflict in Strife 37

2.2.2 Evaluation 42

3, Social conflict in stories: 47

3.1.Social conflict in Quality 47

3.1.1 Survey on expression of social conflic in Quality 47

3.1.2 Evaluation 49

3.2 Social conflict in The Apple Tree: 51

3.2.1.Survey on expression of social conflict in The Apple Tree 51

3.2.2 Evaluation: 52

4 Summary: 54

CHAPTER 3: SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION 55

1.The data collected from the survey: 55

2 Discussion 57

3 Summary 60

PART III: CONCLUSION 61

1.Findings and evaluation of the study: 61

2 Limitation and suggestions for further study 62

REFERENCE APPENDIX

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale:

Literature is the mirror of society Literature teaches us to analyse a character, allows us to reach inside his or her mind so we see what drives a character, what shapes his or her beliefs and how one relates to others Literary works are largely made

up of characters and content devised by the author, which may depend on personal imagination and desires, but is not so far from reality Basically, literature and life are intimately connected, which is dynamic

Warren and Wellek in their book entitled “Theory of Literature” explained the relationship between literature and society Wellek (1977:94) states that “…literature

‘represents’ ‘life’; and ‘life’ is, in large measure, a social reality, even though the natural world and the inner or subjective world of the individual have also been objects of literary ‘imitation’.” It means that literature, as with any art forms, should

hold a mirror up to society and reflect what is happening there Besides using his creative imagination or the ability of writing, the writer should connect his work to the real life about what the writer sees in the society, but sometimes, a literary work does not represent life directly but it just indirectly appears that there is a social life issue portrayed inside

Even ordinary books become literature when they bring us into some relationships with real life Literature has only a universal appeal when it is not only an illusion but also goes beyond it by relating to life Literature describes real things Literature describes things practically The characters portrayed in the literature are models of the real people of that time To understand the unique features and common behaviors of a society at a specific time, going through the characters and society described by literature of that time is enough Readers try to understand the forces behind these social changes by reading literature The value of literature depends on the extent to which it can represent the changing circumstances of social life Literature is not limited to any genre and any work of art reflects life and if man can identify with the characters in that work, it becomes great literature Literature becomes the vehicle of the thoughts and feelings of the common man and the working people only if it is free from its class limitations, and then it tends to become popular and public

English literature has a number of works of great literary legends of the British There are many great authors who have made their works a picture of the times, an autobiography that reflects people and society strongly and frankly John Galsworthy

is a perfect example of that The author is one of the last representatives of critical realism in English literature The author deals with contemporary social issues He is critical of injustice, tyranny and all the evils of life, but his criticism is not destructive:

he himself was too much a member of the privileged classes to wish to rebuild the world he lived in His mastery as a writer lies in his keen criticism of national prejudices, his exciting pints and a realistic Galsworthy reflects social conflict in almost all his plays, as in his novels, and short stories Each character he creates is the embodiment of classes in society, where the people of England are the prototype The main characters may be high or low in society, but they each have their own unique conflicts that are difficult to resolve in social relationships His cherished desire was to expose all the evils of society and to reveal the truth of life ,and he hoped that the profession of a writer would help him to realize his lifelong dream

As a student studying English as second language, I understand how literature plays an important role in learning English as well as learning about English society over time Human characteristics, views of life as well as culture are evident in social relationships Understanding social issues is a way to go deeper to explore the foundations of a language Besides, in any era, social conflict is inevitable It is important to define and present the views of the author and individual learners, and also a factor to form critical thinking Because they bring great benefits to learners, I

find it necessary to discuss the topic "The analysis of the social conflict of the main

characters in the works of John Galsworthy”

2 Objectives of the study

This study sets the objectives as follows:

- The study of social conflict and its expression in literature

- To investigate how John Galsworthy reflects social conflict of the main

characters by surveying samples of his stories, novel and plays

- To investigate the value of social conflict in the works of John Galsworthy

-To study about John Galsworthy's theory through reflecting social conflict and give some suggestions to the student by giving some approaches to understanding his works

3 Scope of the study

Due to the time constraint, this research concentrates on only a novel “The man

of poverty”, two stories “ The Apple Tree”, “Quality” and two plays “ Strife”,

“ Justice”

4 Methods of the study

To achieve the aims and objectives above, a combination of different methods was used in this study They are:

+ Collecting materials and data, summarizing and analyzing information from reference books as well as accessing information on web pages from the Internet + Consulting specialists

+ Personal evaluating the information and the result

+ Listing, categorizing types of information

5 Research questions

Based on the background of the study above, the problems of the study are formulated as follows:

1.How often did John Galsworthy use social confict in his works?

2.What is the most common type of social conflict in the works of John Galsworthy?

3.What are the differences among the presence of social conflict in stories, novel, and plays of John Galsworthy?

6 Design of the study

The study is organized into three parts:

Part one is the introduction It includes the rationale of choosing the topic, the objectives of the study, the scope of the study, the research questions as well as the methods to be applied

Part two is the development This part consists of three chapters as follows: +Chapter one discusses the literature review In this chapter, the author of this study presents the generalization of conflict and social conflict, provides some information about John Galsworthy and his writing career

+ Chapter two investigates, analyzes and comments on how John Galsworthy reflects social conflict through the main characters in his works through the main types: novel, stories and plays

+ Chapter three summarizes the research questions and gives the discussion of the study

Finally, the study closes with part three, the conclusion, which gives a summary

of the whole study, carries out the limitation of it and provides suggestions for further study

PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW

1 Concept of Conflict

1.1 Definition of Conflict

“Conflict is a struggle between individuals or collectivities, over value or claims to status, power and scarce resources in which the aims of the opponents are to neutralize, injure or eliminate their rivals”(Closer, 1964)

In other words, conflict is an escalated competition at any system level between groups whose aim is to gain advantage in the area of power, resources, interests, and needs and at least one of the groups believes that this dimension of the relationship is mutually incompatible

Similarly, Stagner (1967) defines conflict as: “A situation in which two or more

human beings desire goals which they perceive as being obtainable by one or the other, but not by both; each party is mobilizing energy to obtain a goal, a desired object or situation and each party perceives the other as a barrier or threat to that goal”

There are various types of conflict, which can be categorized as one of the following;

a physical or element conflict (conflict with nature)

b social conflict (the struggle is of one person against another )

c internal psychological (struggling against himself)

Whereas according to conflict sources, the explanation types that is conflict between:

a.Physical or element conflict is a conflict between a person with some external forces, incident, or a condition physical nature and society and it is called internal conflict

b.Social conflict is a conflict between a person to another person or to a group and it is called external conflict

c.Internal Psychological is a conflict between a person with his or her inward life, feeling, emotion, ideas, or thoughts and it is called internal conflict

From the explanation above, we can conclude that conflict is struggle can happen in somebody consist of external and internal conflict External conflict is a struggle between two person, two groups of persons, one and his environment and even between one and nature (social conflict) While, internal conflict is conflict of an idea and others ideas, one and him selves or her selves (psychological conflict) The conflicts that usually happen in environment related to the society In this study, the writer is interested in the analysis of the social conflict

“Social conflict is theorized to occur when an imbalance exists regarding money, resources or power” (Skekel:2013) The conflict can happen in any setting

global and industrial While research and case studies may report the detail is how, when, why and where a social conflict began or continues

“Social conflict is conflict between the characters against another character”

(Kenny, 1996:32) The characters have conflict in his social life in his relationship with another character The conflict happens when the actor has problem with other It

is the struggle of the person against another That caused to be contraction such as: Fighting Social conflict is part of an intrinsic element in a literary work which contained some of the problems of social conflict in the surrounding environment as well as the author's own experience

“Social conflict refers to conflict in which the parties are an aggregate of individuals, such as groups, organization, communities, and crowds, rather than single individual, as in role conflict “(Oberschall, 1978:291)

The Social Conflict theory was first described by Karl Marx It is the classic conflict between rich and poor The idea that money causes conflict it gives one person power over another To understands by power: the chance of a man, or a number of men to realize their own will in communal action, even against the resistance of others Which such power can be exercised may vary considerably according to the social context

The several social theories that emphasize social conflict have roots in the ideas

of Karl Marx (1818-1883), the great German theorist and political activist “Conflict

approach emphasizes a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical method of analysis, a critical stance toward existing social arrangements, and a political program of revolution or, at least, reform” (Marx in McClelland:2000)

Karl Marx supports the ideas of deviance, claiming that individuals choose to engage in such rebellious and conflicting behavior as a response to the inequalities of the capitalist system (Eiil:2010)

2.2 Types of Social Conflict

According to Lewis Coser (in Chris, 2002:64-74) social conflict is divided three categories The types of social conflict namely;

(a.) Conflict of involving social positions, (b.) Conflict of interest and (c.) Conflict of role

Whereas according to conflict sources, the explanation types that is conflict between:

a Conflict of Involving Social Positions

Social position is the position of an individual in a given society and culture A given position (for example, the occupation of priest) may belong to many individuals

A group of social positions will create a social class and a social circle Social positions an individual may hold fall into the categories of occupation (medical doctor, academic lecturer), profession (member of associations and organizations), family (parent, sibling, etc) A social conflict caused by interference between social positions

is called a position conflict (Kristina,2007:54-64)

The following are the most common forms of types of conflicts of interests:

1 Self-dealing, in which an official who controls an organization causes it to enter into a transaction with the official, or with another organization that benefits the official The official is on both sides of the "deal."

2 Outside employment, in which the interests of one job contradict another

3 Family interests, in which a spouse, child, or other close relative is employed (or applies for employment) or where goods or services are purchased from such a relative or a firm controlled by a relative For this reason, many employment applications ask if one is related to a current employee If this is the case, the relative could then from any hiring decisions Abuse of this type of conflict of interest is called nepotism

4 Gifts from friends who also do business with the person receiving the gifts (Such gifts may include non-tangible things of value such as transportation and lodging)

5 Pump and dump, in which a stock broker who owns a security artificially inflates the price by "upgrading" it or spreading rumors, sells the security and adds short position, then "downgrades" the security or spreads negative rumors to push the price down

Besides, to explain conflict of interest is a type of conflict interest We can define a conflict of interest as a situation in which a person has a private or personal interest sufficient to appear to influence the objective exercise of his or her official duties as, say, a public official, an employee, or a professional

c Conflict of Role

Conflict of role is a conflict among the roles corresponding to two or more statuses We experience role conflict when we find ourselves pulled in various

directions as we try to respond to the many statuses we hold Role conflict can be something that can be for either a short period of time, or a long period of time, and it can also be connected to situational experiences A situation in which a person is

expected to play two incompatible roles For example, “a boss will suffer role conflict

if forced to fire an employee who is also a close friend “(Mifflin:2005)

Furthermore, to explanation for conflict of role

“An example of role conflict would be a husband and father who is also Chief of Police If a tornado strikes the small town he is living in, the man has to decide if he should go home and be with his family and fulfill the role of being a good husband and father or remain and fulfill the duties of a "good" Chief of Police because the whole town needs his expertise.”

From the above explanation, we can conclude that type of social conflict is not limited to hostile or antagonistic opposition; it is not wholly a clash of 12 coercive powers as often is implied, but of any opposing social powers" Social conflict is usually recognized through violence, and physical behavior It is more that just fighting, and killing one another At times, it can deal with it throw a simple town in a conversation It is acknowledged by someone's power The cause of conflict is something that makes conflicts exist or happens Therefore, cause must stand in the front of conflict This is the condition of conflicts establishment Generally, the cause

of conflict is an unintended or unpredictable circumstance as a result in a problem

In short, the third kinds of social conflict above can be concluded in table below:

2 The conflict happens in the profession (member

of associations and organizations)

3 The conflict happens in the family (Parent, sibling, etc)

Conflict of Interest

1 The person gets a judgment of another person

2 The situation of person employed in the Conflict

2.3 Effect of Social Conflict

Dean (2004) said that attitude and perception tend to be consistent in valence, which means that if someone has negative or positive feelings for others, then he also tends to be dominated by negative and positive perceptions of that person But they are not entirely consistent Someone may not like another person and in general, he thinks badly about that person but somehow, he believes because he always gets positive experiences every time he relies on that person

However, social conflicts will always raise other issues which may refer to an individual or society The impact of the social conflict itself is certainly not separated from negative attitude and perception which finally cause another act Dean (2004) said that negative attitudes and perceptions encourage escalation and make efforts to resolve conflicts through at least seven ways

The first way is by encouraging the tendency to blame the object's attitude towards the unpleasant experience that a person experienced People who get an aversive experience will usually look for someone to blame

The second way, which is related to the mechanism that leads to escalation, is that parties who are not trusted tend to be perceived as a threat if their actions are ambiguous They only get little benefit from these doubts or just a little confidence in their good intentions This leads to an escalation of defense and prevention measures and often results in new conflict issues

The third way, how negative attitudes and perceptions can drive escalation is by removing obstacles to aggression among people who have been provoked People are reluctant to commit aggression against those they like and respect even though they can clearly be blamed for things that are not pleasant, but they will be happy to really

do aggression against parties that they do not like or respect

The fourth way, how negative attitudes and perceptions can encourage escalation is to interfere with communication People tend to avoid people who are hostile to them This is well explained by Coleman (2000), “When controversy develops, the relationship with people from the opposite party will fade”

The fifth way is negative attitudes and perceptions tend to cause difficulty to empathize with opponents (White, 1984) Opponents are considered so different from

us that it is difficult to put ourselves in place

The sixth way is negative attitudes and perceptions contain a "zero-sum" way of thinking, namely the belief that what is good for you is bad for me, and vice versa This is partly due to mistrust The zero-sum way of thinking also arises from the negative feelings of others

The seventh way is that negative attitudes and perceptions develop so badly that the opponent is then considered an "evil enemy" (White, 1984) Conflict is considered

a war between the light (our side) and dark (their side) In this situation they are ready

to be blamed for everything that goes wrong, communication is often tapering, empathy is very weak and problem-solving is very difficult to achieve

3 John Galsworthy

3.1 Brief biography of John Galsworthy

John Galsworthy was an English novelist and playwright He was born on August 14, 1867, in Kingston Hill in a wealthy family His ancestors came from

Devonshire farming stock; but at the time of his birth, they had accumulated considerable property and also owned shipping business

His father, also named John Galsworthy, was an established solicitor and company director in London He was quite charming and young Galsworthy used to idolize him His mother, Blanche Bailey Galsworthy, was very religious and at the same time very fussy

Junior John Galsworthy was the eldest son of his parents He started his education under the tutors at home and later was admitted to a preparatory school at Bournemouth at the age of nine From there he went to Harrow, where he distinguished as an athlete

After passing out from Harrow young John Galsworthy was admitted to New College, Oxford In 1889, he passed out from there with a degree in jurisprudence

In 1890, he was called to bar; but as he wanted to specialize in marine law he joined his family’s shipping business and spent time travelling around the world

In course of these voyages, Galsworthy met Joseph Cornard, who later became

a celebrated writer The two would-be authors became close friends Sometime now, Galsworthy also started penning short stories for his own pleasure

A love affair between John Galsworthy and Ada Nemesis Pearson Cooper began in 1985 This was in spite of the fact that she was the wife of his first cousin Major Arthur Galsworthy For ten years they met clandestinely in a farmhouse in

Devon It is said that Irene in ‘The Forsyte Saga’ was modeled after Ada

The couple got married on September 23, 1905, after Ada’s divorce came through They did not have any children and remained together till his death in 1933

From 1897 to 1901, Galsworthy published four works under the pseudonym John Sinjohn at his own cost His first book, published in 1897, was a collection of

short stories titled ‘From the Four Winds’ ‘Jocelyn’, published in 1888 was his first full novel He then published ‘Villa Rubein’ in 1900 and ‘A Man of Devon’ in 1901

Galsworthy’s father passed away in 1904 He now inherited his father’s estate and became financially independent By now, he had also realized that he was not fit for making a living out of law He therefore, gave up his legal career and decided to devote all his time to writing Galsworthy won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932

Towards the end of his life Galsworthy developed brain tumor and died on January 31, 1933 in his London home His body was cremated and the ashes were scattered over the chalk hills of South Downs A memorial was erected in his honor at the Highgate New Cemetery in North London

Another memorial was sculpted by well-known artist Eric Gill and placed in the cloisters of his alma mater New College, Oxford

In Kingston, a road and a hospital have been named after Galsworthy The Kingston University has also dedicated a new building to his name

3.2 The writing style of John Galsworthy

Speaking about the style one can say that the words make part of a prolonged

inner monologue, which becomes Galsworthy's favourite method of

characterization The inner speech of the hero is indissolubly linked with the

author's comments The language of the monologues is concise and laconic, utterly

devoid of sentiment It is quite free of abstract terms, and is exceedingly terse,

practical and full of idiomatic constructions commonly used in everyday speech

Besides the inner monologue and characterization through surroundings,

Galsworthy, ever resourceful in his search for the realistic approach, makes ample

use of the dialogue as an efficient means to let his characters speak for themselves

without author's interference Their speech might be described as a curious

combination of vulgar colloquialisms with bookish and learned phraseology, of

English and French slang with solemn parody of Biblical constructions

Galsworthy perfectly realized, - indeed, he was one of the first writers to do

so, - that the flippant manner and the crude speech of post-war young people was the

result of a severe shock of disillusionment: they were so disappointed with those

fine words that used to go with a fine show of public feeling that for them "the

bottom had tumbled out of sentiment", and satire both in art and in mode of talk

seemed to be the only possible alternative The manner of speaking, cynical,

affectedly coarse, substituting descriptive slangy catchwords for the proper names of

things, is strongly contrasted to formal, plain speech, with the habit of giving things

their common standard meanings and never saying more than is strictly necessary

As a follower of the realistic tradition, Galsworthy never fails in attaching

special significance to the tiniest details Galsworthy's realism does not only lie in his capacity for making his hero part and parcel of his surroundings and convincing the reader of his typicality: he is a fine artist in reproducing the individual working s

of his characters' minds

As a general rule, the novelist, though following in the tracks of classical realists, breaks away from the literary polish, the fine descriptive style that was kept

up to the very end of the 19 century At the same time, Galsworthy starts a new tradition of bringing the language of literature (in the author's speech, no less than in that of the personages) close to the language of real life He does away with the elaborate syntax of the 19 century prose and cultivates short, somewhat abrupt sentences, true to the rhythm and the intonation of the spoken language and full of low colloquialisms and even slang

3.3 Writing career of John Galsworthy and his noticeable works

3.3.1 Introduction of some noticeable works:

John Galsworthy was educated at Harrow and New College, Oxford He was admitted to the bar in 1890, and 8 years later, after his first novel was written in Jocelyn

appeared, he left law to continue writing The Island Pharisees (1904) and The Man of

Property (1906), which became the first novel in The Forsyte Saga, expanded his

audience and his reputation

As his popularity increased, Galsworthy published other novels of the Forsyte

series: Indian Summer of a Forsyte (1918), In Chancery (1920), Awakening (1920), and

To Let (1921) In The Forsyte Saga late Victorian and Edwardian England's

upper-middle-class society is portrayed, dissected, and criticized Although The Man of

Property and To Let are widely separated in time, the Saga's theme and structure form a

unit wherein three generations of the large, clannish Forsyte family rise and decay on realistic and symbolic levels

The Country House (1907), Fraternity (1909), The Patrician (1911), and The Dark Flower (1913) are not novels in the sequence, but they are related to it in place and

time Galsworthy wove social history into his novels: he reproduced the values, classes, hierarchy, stability, and smugness of the Edwardian era

After World War I Galsworthy produced another, less successful, cycle of novels

about the Forsyte family in post-war England The White Monkey (1924), The Silver

Spoon (1926), and Swan Song (1928) were collectively published in 1929 as A Modern Comedy This series is less firm than The Forsyte Saga, its characterizations are weaker,

and its architectural quality is disjunctive It reflects Galsworthy's own uncertainty about the years after the war, which were marked by a revolution in values whose outcome was uncertain After the second cycle was completed, Galsworthy published two more

novels, Maid in Waiting (1931) and Flowering Wilderness (1932)

Although Galsworthy is best known for his novels, he was also a successful playwright He constructed his drama on a legalistic basis, and the plays typically start from a social or ethical impulse and reach a resolution after different viewpoints have

been expressed Like The Silver Box (1906) and Strife (1909), Justice (1910) is realistic,

particularly in the use of dialogue that is direct and uninflated Part of the realism is an awareness of detail and the minute symbol That awareness is clear in the intricate

symbols of The Forsyte Saga; it is less successful in the drama and his later novels

because it tends to be overstated

In Justice, Galsworthy revealed himself as something of a propagandist or, according to Joseph Conrad, "a moralist." Galsworthy selected detail and character to isolate a belief or a judgment; he said, "Selection, conscious or unconscious, is the

secret of art." The protagonists in his drama and his prose fiction generally typify

particular viewpoints or beliefs Explaining his method of characterization, he wrote, "In

the greatest fiction the characters, or some of them, should sum up and symbolize whole streaks of human nature in a way that our friends, however well known to us, do not… Within their belts are cinctured not only individuals but sections of mankind." He also

stated that his aim was to create a fictional world that was richer than life itself

3.3.2 Social conflict in the works of John Galsworthy

As a pragmatic, social thinker and critic, Galsworthy established himself as one

of the prominent and influential playwrights in the history of English literature He wanted to shed new light on the dark aspect of his contemporary society to bring about a significant change in the outdated social structure of the day In order to fulfill the craving of his spirit, he wanted to focus on social, economic, domestic or personal problems: the disparity between the rich and the poor, the clash between the labour and the capital, social and legal injustice, domestic tyranny, the class conflict and unhappy marriage He wanted to focus on the sensibility of awareness concerning the evils of the

people through the burning social problems of his contemporary England

Part of the neglect of Galsworthy is sometimes attributed to his becoming identified as a once sharp critic of social injustice who eventually sold out and settled

for a life of irrelevant intellectual maundering His early novels, such as “The Man of

Property” (1906, first book in in The Forsyte Saga sequence) skewered the pretensions

and prejudices of the well-to-do upper middle class in the Victorian era, from which Galsworthy himself had sprung Later volumes gradually softened the attack, showing compassion for the position of the upper classes in the changing world of the twentieth century

Although Galsworthy chronicled changes in the middle-class family in England,

he said in the preface of “The White Monkey”, that the English character had changed very little since the Victorianism of Soames and his generation "He emerged still

thinking about the English Well! They were now one of the plainest and most distorted races of the world; and yet was there any race to compare with them for good temper and for 'guts'? And they needed those in their smoky towns, and their climate - remarkable instance of adaptation to environment, the modern English character! 'I could pick out an Englishman anywhere”

Galsworthy also gained recognition as a dramatist with his plays, that dealt directly with the unequal division of wealth and the unfair treatment of poor people

“The Silver Box” (1906) stated that there is one law for the rich and another for the

poor, “Strife” (prod in 1909), depicted a mining strike, and “Justice” (prod in 1910)

encouraged the Home Secretary, Winston Churchill, in his program for prison reform

Later plays include “The Skin Game” (1920), adapted to screen by Alfred Hitchcock in

1931, “Loyalties” (1922), dealing with the theme of anti-Semitism, and “Escape”

(1926), filmed second time in 1948 by 20th Century-Fox, starring Rex Harrison In the story a law-abiding man meets a prostitute and accidentally kills a police in defending her He escapes from prison, and meets different people before giving himself up

4 Summary

In this chapter, some theoretical background and examples of social conflict and were discussed In addition, main types of social conflict were also presented A brief biography of English writer John Galsworthy, his writing career and style were mentioned as well

CHAPTER 2: SOCIAL CONFLICT OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE

WORKS OF JOHN GALSWORTHY

In this research, the writer presents the data analysis based on the types of social conflict in some of the works of John Galsworthy The writer analysis kinds of social conflict: Conflict of involving social positions, Conflict of interest and Conflict of role

in the works using Lewis Coser’s perspective To understand the data collection, the writer presented explanation that P is part, Cp is chapter, Pg is page, CSP is conflict of involving social positions, COI is conflict of interest and COR is conflict of role

1 Social conflict in novel:

1.1 Survey about expression of Social Conflict in The Man of property

No DATA

KINDS OF SOCIAL CONFLICT

CSP

COI COR

1 Now that June had gone and left, or as

good as left him, it would been a

comfort to see his son again Guilty

of this treason to his family, his

principles, his class, old Jolyon fixed

his eyes on the singer, A poor thing-a

wrectched poor thing! And the

Plorian a perfect stick

(P1, Cp 2, Pg 16)

X

2 Young Jolyon, on the point of leaving

the Club, had put on his hat, and was in

the act of crossing the hall, as the

porter met him He was no longer

young, with hair going grey, and

face a nface arrower replicface a of his fface ather's, with

the same large drooping

moustache decidedly worn He turned pale This

meeting was terrible after all those

years, for nothing in the world was

so terrible as a scene They met and

crossed hands without a word

(P1, Cp 2, Pg17)

X

3 It was hard, when a man worked as

he did, making money for her-yes,

and with an ache in his heart-that

she should sit there, looking-looking

as if she saw the walls of the room

closing in It was enough to make a

man get up and leave the table

(P1, Cp5, Pg 38)

X

4 There was another pause, and then

Soames said:

“I suppose you don’t want to, go?”

Irene made no rely

“Well, I can’t tell what you want

You never seem contented here”

“Have my wishes anything to do

with”

(P1, Cp5, Pg 39)

X

5 What bussiness had his father to

come and upset his wife like this? It

was a shock, after all these years! He

ought to have known, he ought to

have given them warning; but when

did a Forsyte ever image that his

conduct could upset anybody! And in

his thoughts he did old Jolyon wrong

(P1, Cp7, Pg55)

X

6 He walked away very sadly What a

poor miserable place; and he thought

of the great, empty house in

Stanhope, fit residence for a Forsyte,

with its huge billiard-room and

drawing-room that no one entered

from one week’s end to another

(P1, Cp7, Pg 56)

X

7 I wish i’d never undertaken your

house”-said Bosiney suddenly “You

come down here worrying me out of

mmy life You want double the value

for your money anybody else would,

and now that you’ve got s house that

for it’s size is not to be beaten in the

country, you don’t want to pay for it

If you’re anxious to be off your

bargain, I daresay I can find the

balance above the estimates myself,

but I’m d-d if I do another stroke of

work for you

(P2, Cp1, Pg 63)

X

8 He grew discouraged; he seemed no

nearer to anything, had not obtained

from his inspection any of knowledge

he had vagued hoped for He had

merely increaded his dislike and

mistrust of this young man, who had

tired him out of with his politeness,

and in whose manner he now

certainly detected mockery

(P2, Cp1, Pg 83)

X

9 But understand that, if I decorate, I

decorate alone, without interference

of any short

If I do the thing, I will do it thoroughly,

but I must have a free hand

(P2, Cp5, Pg 86)

X

10 'I have, received your letter, the terms

of which not a little surprise me I was

under the impression that you had, and

have had all along, a "free hand"; for I

do not recollect that any suggestions I

have been so unfortunate as to make

have met with your approval In giving

you, in accordance with your request,

X

this "free hand," I wish you to clearly

understand that the total cost of the

house as handed over to me

completely decorated, inclusive of

your fee (as arranged between us),

must not exceed twelve thousand

pounds L12,000 This gives you an

ample margin, and, as you know, is

contemplated

(P2, Cp5, Pg93)

11 Soames was silent for some minutes, at

least he said:”I don’t know what your

idea of a wife’s duty is I have never

known!”

He had not expected her to rely, but he

did

“I have tried to do what you want;

it’s not fault that I haven’t been able

to put my heart into it”

“Whose fault is it, then?” He watched

her askance

(P2, Cp11, Pg 122)

X

12 How on earth a fellow could made

such an ass of himself Soames could

not conceive; but he had done so,

and all the rancour and hidden

jealousy that had been burning

against him for so long was now

focussed in rage at this crowning

piece of extravagance This attitude of

the confident and friendly husband was

gone To preserve property-his wife-he

had assumed it, to preserve property of

another kind he lost it now

(P2, Cp 13, Pg 134)

X

13 “Do you mean that you are going to

make him pay that towards this hateful,

Soames turned from the mirror, and

unconsciously taking a china cup from

the mantelpiece, clasped his hands

around it as though praying He saw

her bosom rise and fall, her eyes

darkening with anger, and taking no

notice of the taunt, he asked quietly:

“Are you carring on a flirtation with

Bosinney?’

“No, I am not!”

(P2, Cp 13, Pg 135)

X

14 Bosinney was in love with her! He

hated the fellow, and would not

spare him now He could and would

refuse to pay a penny piece over

twelve thousand and fifty founds-the

correspondence;or rather he would

pay, he would pay and sue him for

damages He would go to Jobling and

Boulter and put the matter in their

hands And suddendly-though

connection between the thoughts?-he

reflected that Irene had no money

either They were both beggars This

gave him a strange satisfaction

(P2,Cp14, Pg 134)

X

15 "Don't touch me!" she cried

He caught her wrist; she wrenched it

away

"And where may you have been?" he

asked

"In heaven out of this house!" With

those words she fled upstairs

(P2, Cp14, Pg 148)

X

16 "What do you want?" she said "Please

leave my room!"

He answered: "I want to know how

long this state of things between us is

to last? I have put up with it long

enough."

"Will you please leave my room?"

"Will you treat me as your

17 And why did she hate him? Even now

he could not altogether believe it It

was strange to be hated! the emotion

was too extreme; yet he hated

Bosinney, that Buccaneer, that

prowling vagabond, that

night-wanderer

(P3,Cp15,Pg141)

X

18 Irene did not speak, her eyes never

moved from June's face, and the girl

were!"

But June turned away: "Stop!" she

cried, "don't tell me! I don't want to

hear! I don't want to hear what

you've come for I don't want to

hear!"

(P3, Cp17, Pg174)

19 She had come back then of her own

accord, to the cage she had pined to be

free of and taking in all the

tremendous significance of this, he

longed to cry: "Take your hated

body, that I love, out of my house!

Take away that pitiful white face, so

cruel and soft before I crush it Get

out of my sight; never let me see you

Social conflict in The man of property

Social confict of Involving social positions

Social conflict of Role

Social conflict of Interest

As can be seen in the above pie chart, conflict of involving social positions accountes for the largest proportion with 79% Conflict of interest and conflict of role

have equal proportions, at 10,5 %

1.2.Evaluation

In this part, the writer discusses the data analysis that has been found in John Galsworthy’s novel “The Man Of Property.” As the reader of novel, the writer identified kinds based on Lewis Coser’s theory As the result, based on the 19 data, the researcher found 15 conflict of involving social positions, 2 conflict of interest, and 2 conflict of role The writer analyzed social conflict based on perspective Lewis Coser’s theory Based on 19 she explanation above, the writer classifies into three kinds as follows:

• Discussion:

a Conflict of involving social positions

Datum 2 shows a conflict of involving social positions between Old Jolyon and

his son - Young Jolyon It happened to him in the family role Old Jolyon is a member

of the Fortyse family - an upper middle - class family Forsytism is characterized as extreme individualism, egoism and the ability never to give themselves away Meanwhile, although Young Jolyon is his son, his way of life is not that of Fortyse, so that's what separates their father and son Therefore, when Old Jolyon met his son again

after many years, there was a great distance between them “They met and crossed hands

without a word”

Datum 3 shows conflicts related to social position in Soames between Irene It

is about the position of a wife and a husband in the family In the content shown to Soames, who is feeling extremely uncomfortable and worried because of his wife's

attitude – Irene “It was hard, when a man worked as he did, making money for her-yes,

and with an ache in his heart-that she should sit there, looking-looking as if she saw the walls of the room closing in” Her indifference to Soames' presence at the dinner table

made him find it hard to understand A husband's position has been ignored by his own wife

Datum 4 shows conflict of involving social positions in Irene between Soames

It is about the position of a wife and a husband in the family In the content there is compulsion for Irene as Soames Irene always aspires to freedom and does what she

wants, here is the fact that she doesn't want to leave home at London Soames want Irene

to leave, which make Irene angry because she was always tied in Soames's power, something she always felt disgusted for

“Well, I can’t tell what you want You never seem contented here”

“Have my wishes anything to do with”

The character names same with four datum, Datum 5 shows conflict of involving

social position in Young Jolyon and Old Jolyon It is about a position conflict of an individual with another in the family The presence of Old Jolyon in Young Jolyon's house has affected his wife's attitude Young Jolyon feels dissatisfied with his father's appearance, he feel that a Fortyse is always the cause of the suffering his wife suffered,

“It was a shock, after all these years! He ought to have known, he ought to have given

them warning;” It also causes the distance in the position between his wife and father

Datum 7 shows conflict of involving social position between Bosinney and

Soames It is about a position conflict of an owner of the house and a hired employee (an architect) in the society Bosinney himself wants to complete the house with his ideas and creativity, but Soames is worried about the money he had to pay to decorate his house

Bosinney says “You want double the value for your money anybody else would, and now that

you’ve got s house that for it’s size is not to be beaten in the country, you don’t want to pay for it” Bosiney, as an architect, an artist, reminds Soames of his ambition to go hand in hand

with what he has to spend

Datum 8 shows conflict of involving social position in James and Bosinney

James is always curious about Bosinney and what Bossiney wants to do for the home of James's son However, Bossney is annoyed and distorted questions and wishes of James,

which make James dissatisfied and he feels extremely hated this young man “He had

merely increaded his dislike and mistrust of this young man, who had tired him out of with his politeness, and in whose manner he now certainly detected mockery.”

As the Datum 7, Datum 9 shows conflict of involving social position in

Bosinney between Soames It is about describe that happen a conflict for person relationship with another person In content is shown to Bosinney who wants Soames to

let him decide on the decoration of his house without any intervention of others “If I do

the thing, I will do it thoroughly, but I must have a free hand”

Datum 10 shows conflict of involving social position in Bosinney between

Soames It is about the position of the owner of the house and the tenant Soames feels that the amount of money he spends on decorating the house exceeded his intended amount, and at the request “ a free hand” of Bosinney, Soames feels unreasonable and disagrees with Bosinney

“I wish to understand clearly that a total cost of the house as handed over to me completely decorated, inclusive of your fee(as arranged between us), must not exceed twelve thousand pounds-L12000 This gives you an ample margin, and, as you know , is far more than I originally contemplated.”

Datum 11 shows conflict of involving social position between Irene and

Soames It is about the position of a wife and a husband in the family In the content there is compulsion for Irene as Soames Soames wants Irene to follow his orders but Irene refuses Soames feels that Irene do not fulfill her duties as a wife Meanwhile, Irene feels stifled and thinks that her heart does not want to be forced under Soames's power Therefore, it is not her fault

Similar to Datum 11, the Datum 13 shows conflict of involving social position between Irene and Soames It is about the position of individuals in family Irene feels

Soames selfish and narrow-minded when he thinks that the money loss is Bosinney's fault Soames feels Irene cares about Bosinney even though she deny it

“Are you carring on a flirtation with Bosinney?’

"And where may you have been?" he asked

"In heaven out of this house!"

The Datum 16 shows conflict of involving social position between Soames and

Irene The couple's position in the relationship is increasingly stressful Irene does not want to see Soames's presence in her room, despite his concern or Soames's reminder to Irene that he is her husband Soames's presence makés Irene feel suffocated, living with

a Fortyse makes Irene suffer

"Will you please leave my room?"

"Will you treat me as your husband?"

"No."

"Then, I shall take steps to make you."

"Do!"

Still the relationship between Soames and Bosinney, Datum 17 shows the

conflict of involving social positions between the two men Soames hates Bosinney because he is the cause of the discord between Soames and Irene Bosinney always meet Irene, which upset a husband like Soames Social conflict here occurs with the location

of two men who love the same woman

“Yet he hated Bosinney, that Buccaneer, that prowling vagabond, that night-wanderer”

Datum 18 shows conflict of involving social position between Irene and June It

has happened to Irene of social position in the friends In the content shown of June and Irene's pain when they both fall in love with a man June feels hatred for Irene - her best friend - for causing trouble to her fiancé June doesn't want Irene to appear in front of her or hear any excuse from Irene, she hates facing the truth June extremely regrets for having a friend like Irene

The tears of rage and disappointment rolled down June’s cheeks

“How could you come?” She said.”You have been a false friend to me!”

Datum 19 shows conflict of involving social position between Irene and

Soames It is about the position of a wife and a husband in the family In the content there is Soames's indignation with Irene Soames is tired of Irene's attitude towards him Irene's indifference and suffering made Soames extremely uncomfortable and he just wants Irene to leave his house Irene has gone crazy after Bosinney's death Soames become hated Irene and wants her to disappear from his life

"Take your hated body, that I love, out of my house! Take away that pitiful white face, so cruel and soft before I crush it Get out of my sight; never let me see you again!"

b Conflict of Interest

Datum 12 shows conflict interest in Soames between Bosinney It has happened

for an individual so that privacy interests influence his decisions Soames and Bosinney have inherent disagreements about the total amount of money to decorate the house of Soames, but as the relationship between Bosinney and Irene grow, Soames become extremely jealous and hate Bosinney The relationship at work gradually becomes a

rival relationship So, because of a private relationship, Soames wants to push Bossiney

to the end, when he suspectes that his $ 400 loss is Bosinney's fault

Datum 14 shows conflict of interest between Soames and Bosinney It is about

described that happen in the mind of a man with an affair In content shown to Soames who hate Bosinney because he loves Soames's wife With such jealousy, Soames wants Bosinney to go bankrupt, he let his personal emotions influence his decision

Bosinney was in love with her! He hated the fellow, and would not spare him now He could and would refuse to pay a penny piece over twelve thousand and fifty founds-the extreme limit fixed in the correspondence;or rather he would pay, he would pay and sue him for damages

c Conflict of Role

Datum 1 shows conflict of role in the position of Old Jolyon Old Jolyon is

originally a member of the Forsyte family, so he has all the traits of a typical Forsyte: egoism, putting money first Besides, he is the father of Young Jolyon, who lives separately from the Forsyte family Old Jolyon immerses in the memory of his son and

yearns to meet him but clashes with the ideology of a Forsyte "Guilty of this treason to

his family, his principles, his class, old Jolyon fixed his eyes on the singer" This make

him feel very bad "A poor thing-a wrectched poor thing!"

The Datum 6 shows conflict of role in Young Jolyon between Forsyte family It

has happened for Young Jolyon in the role in his family In the content is happened for Young Jolyon when he was both a member of the Fortyse family and a husband The big difference between the poor place he lives and the wealth from the Fortyse family makes Young Jolyon bewildered

• General finding:

“The man of property” is comprised of many social conflicts that occur between

many different character routes There are 15 conflict of involving social positions, 2 conflict of interest and 2 conflict of role These types of conflicts work to clarify the social issues that John Gaslworthy wants to point out in the whole work We can clearly see that these types of conflicts are most likely to come from differences in social strata and living ideology The Forstye family (including Soames, Old Yolyon, June, James) come from the upper middle-class family, they are highly individualistic people, egoism and the ability never to give themselves away, contempt for every thing foreign, a strong

sense of property and money worship Meanwhile, Bosinney and Irene are lower class people, they have different ideas and thoughts of life than the rest of the characters

There are many conflicts in the relationship that take place in the novel, that is the conflict between husband and wife ( Soames and Irene), the conflict of interest between employer and boss (Soames and Bosinney), the conflict between father and son (Old Jolyon and Young Jolyon), the conflict between friends ( June and Irene) These relationships are expressed in conflict of involving social positions, conflict of interest and conflicts of role as the writer analyzed above In general, relationships are not separate but related to each other, forming a long series of conflicts, conflicts in one relationship are the cause of conflicts in the other For example, conflict in the relationship between Irene, Soames and Bosinney (the triangle relationship) leads to conflict in the relationship between Irene and June (friendship relationship)

The social conflict in “The man of property” is mainly manifested in the conversations and actions of one character with the other We can see when the characters communicate with each other, the conflict is clearly expressed The writer can cite two of the many conversations analysised above to prove:

(1)"Don't touch me!" she cried

He caught her wrist; she wrenched it away

"And where may you have been?" he asked

"In heaven out of this house!" With those words she fled upstairs

(2) Irene did not speak, her eyes never moved from June's face, and the girl cried:

"Don't stand there as if you were made of stone!"

Irene laughed: "I wish to God I were!"

But June turned away: "Stop!" she cried, "Don't tell me! I don't want to hear! I don't

want to hear what you've come for I don't want to hear!"

As we can see, Irene's words to Soames immediately expressed her hatred and disgust for her husband Irene and June's words are the pain in friendships That's what

we easily see when reading this novel In addition, social conflict can be evidenced by Soames's actions when suing Bosinney to go to court because Bosinney spent 400 pounds more on the decoration of the house than had been agreed upon

In short, the writer finds many manifestations of social conflict at different ways

in John Galsworthy's novel According to Lewis Coser's theory, we have found all types

of conflict in fiction Thus, John Galsworthy has succeeded in painting the picture of society when the difference in ideology of social strata is a profound cause for the conflicts that occur in the work

2, Social conflict in plays:

2.1.Social conflict in Justice

2.1.1 Survey on expression of social conflict in Justice

1 COKESON [Succumbing to his

feelings] Dear, dear! what a thing to

do!

FALDER I wanted the money so

badly, sir I didn't know what I was

doing

COKESON However such a thing

could have come into your head!

FALDER [Grasping at the words] I

can't think, sir, really! It was just a

minute of madness

JAMES A long minute, Falder

[Tapping the counterfoil] Four days at

least

(ACT I, Pg 14)

X

2 FALDER I just want a chance, Mr

Cokeson I've paid for that job a

thousand times and more I have, sir

No one knows They say I weighed

more when I came out than when I

went in They couldn't weigh me here

[he touches his head] or here [he

touches his heart, and gives a sort of

laugh] Till last night I'd have

thought there was nothing in here at

COKESON [Concerned] You've not

got heart disease?

FALDER Oh! they passed me sound

enough

COKESON But they got you a place,

didn't they?

FALSER Yes; very good people, knew

all about it very kind to me I thought

I was going to get on first rate But

one day, all of a sudden, the other

clerks got wind of it I couldn't

stick it, Mr COKESON, I couldn't,

sir

COKESON Easy, my dear fellow,

easy!

( ACT IV, Pg 26)

3 FALDER I had one small job after

that, but it didn't last

COKESON How was that?

FALDER It's no good deceiving you,

Mr Cokeson The fact is, I seem to

be struggling against a thing that's

all round me I can't explain it: it's

as if I was in a net; as fast as I cut it

here, it grows up there I didn't act

as I ought to have, about references;

but what are you to do? You must

have them And that made me

afraid, and I left In fact, I'm I'm

afraid all the time now

(ACT IV, Pg 26)

X

4 FALDER When I went there they

were at supper my sister wanted to

give me a kiss I know But he just

looked at her, and said: "What have

you come for? "Well, I pocketed my

pride and I said: "Aren't you going

to give me your hand, Jim? Cis is, I

know," I said "Look here!" he said,

"that's all very well, but we'd better

come to an understanding I've been

expecting you, and I've made up my

mind I'll give you fifteen pounds to

go to Canada with." "I see," I

said-"good riddance! No, thanks; keep

your fifteen pounds." Friendship's a

queer thing when you've been where

I have

COKESON I understand Will you

take the fifteen pound from me?

[Flustered, as FALDER regards him

with a queer smile] Quite without

prejudice; I meant it kindly

FALDER I'm not allowed to leave

the country

( ACT IV, Pg 27)

X

5 COKESON You must give them credit

for the best intentions Really you

must Nobody wishes you harm, I'm

sure

FALDER I believe that, Mr Cokeson

Nobody wishes you harm, but they

down you all the same This

feeling [He stares round him, as though at

something closing in] It's crushing

me [With sudden impersonality] I

know it is

COKESON [Horribly disturbed]

There's nothing there! We must try and

take it quiet I'm sure I've often had

you in my prayers Now leave it to me

I'll use my gumption and take 'em

X