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Tiêu đề Bài giảng tiếng anh du lịch
Trường học Thái Hoàng Mỹ Lộc University
Chuyên ngành Tourism English
Thể loại Giảng dạy
Định dạng
Số trang 181
Dung lượng 18,93 MB

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However, as a travel professional, you can begin to know today’s travelers and their motivations, needs, and expectations MNEs by dividing travelers into three general categories: the va

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1

CHAPTER 1: THE TRAVELERS

1PART 1 : CORE KNOWLEDGE

1

I. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TRAVEL

5Who travels today?

10

IL VACATION AND LEISURE TRAVELERS

i

11Why do they travel?

III LEGAL DOCUMENTS DO YOU NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL

19TRAVEL :

23PART 2: PRACTICE

25PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS :

CHAPTER 2: HOTEL

33PART 1 : CORE KNOWLEDGE

40Convention Hotels

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48III HOTEL OWNERSHIP

48Individual Ownership

49Chain Ownership

49Lease and Joint Ventures

49Franchises

50Management Contract

74PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS

74

A Hotel facilities

76

B Dealing with guests

What Attracts Travelers to Different Locations? 84

III THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT 96

n

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112PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS

I

120The Pioneer of the Package Tour

121The Evolution of Tour Formats

122

II THE MODERN TOUR

123The Role of the Tour Operator

1

124The Popularity of Tours

126III TOURS, TOURS, TOURS

129Tours defined by Destination

130Tours Defined by Purpose

150CHARTERS

VIII

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155PART 2 : PRACTICE

156PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS

156READING

A

160PRONUNCIATION :

B

160VOCABULARY :

C

161CHAPTER 5: TRAVEL & DISTRIBUTOR

161PART 1: CORE KNOWLEDGE

161THE TRAVEL AGENCY AS INTERMEDIARY

I

168

II TYPE OF TRAVEL AGENCIES

171III THE GROWTH OF THE TRAVEL AGENCY

178

IV OPENING A TRAVEL AGENCY

191

VI ASSOCAITIONS

192VII CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

196PART 2: PRACTICE

196PARTS: LANGUAGE SKILLS

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PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRIES 204I.

205

II MARKETING

III PROMOTIONAL TECHNIQUES AND PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS

218USED BY TOURISM ORGANISATIONS

• 233PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS

233PREVIEW

I'

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CHAPTER 1: THE TRAVELERS

PART 1 : CORE KNOWLEDGE

A BRIEF HISTORY OF TRAVEL

I.

Requirements for Travel

In the time of Roman Empire, a wealthy citizen could travel quite easily The Roman government had built a magnificent network of roads Fresh relays of horses were available every five or six miles A single system of currency throughout the empire facilitated payments for food and lodging Most important, the Pax Romana, or Roman peace, guaranteed travelers a high degree of safety

Throughout history, there have been travelers The Old Testament describes the journey of the Israelites from Egypt to the Promised Land The walls of a temple in Luxor, Egypt, chronicle the pleasure cruise of Queen Hatshepsut to the ancient land of Punt (now Somalia) History books give accounts of famous travelers, such as the Vikings, Marco Polo, and Christoper Columbus Fossil remains of Homo erectus have been found in Western Europe, Africa, and China

- revealing that even prehistoric people were travelers

In the Dark Ages that followed (approximately A.D 500 to A.D 1450), travel became what it has generally been throughout most of history - dangerous

In order for travel to flourish, there must be an efficient transportation system and an atmosphere of peace and political stability Travel - especially travel for pleasure - also requires economic prosperity and leisure time When the Roman Empire declined, so did travel The wealthy class disappeared, roads deteriorated and the countryside was overturned by hoodlums

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In the twentieth century, the development of automobiles and motor coaches created a demand for better roads, and people were soon driving all over the country With the first transatlantic jet passenger plane flight in the late 1950s, fast comfortable, and economical international travel became possible

In the last 30 years, the volume of travel has increased tremendously Partly the result of improvements in transportation, this increase is also attributable to economic prosperity and social changes Whereas only wealthy people journeyed for pleasure in the past, today people from most economic classes are able to travel People are better educated today In general, the more education a person receives, the more likely he or she is to travel Average citizens in industrialized societies also have more money to spend on travel And with more women in the world force, families have an additional source of income for travel Paid annual vacations and holidays give people more leisure time to devote to travel People are also living longer Retired from the work force with their homes paid for,

and difficult In fact, the world travel, which originated during this time, comes from a root word meaning “heavy labor” Peasants really left their villages When merchants and clergy had to travel, they journeyed by foot or by crude ox - drawn carts over rough terrain

It was not until the Industry Revolution, which began in the mid

1700s, that travel started to be more common A series of advances in transportation - the development of the stage - coach, steamboat, and railroad - made travel easier In addition to technological changes, social changes contributed to the growth of travel A middle class, with money and leisure time, was developing Wishing to escape occasionally from bleak city life, these people retreated to seaside resorts for recreation

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Reasons for travel

This is not to say that no one ever traveled just for the fun of it Even in ancient times, some pleasure travel occurred During a typical season, 700,000 tourists would crowd into Ephesus, a city in Asia Minor, where they were entertained by acrobats, animal acts jugglers, and magicians Wealthy Romans made an excursion to Greece to take in the Olympic Games, theatrical productions, and festivals

many senior citizens can take trips any time of the year For most Americans, travel has become a normal expectation associated with the good life

There have been other motivations for travel as well During the middle Ages, people went on, pilgrimages to holy cities and shrines They did so to pay homage to a saint or to fulfill a vow Some pilgrims dressed in sackcloth and walked barefoot as penance The passport originated in 1388 when King Richard

II required English pilgrims to obtain and carry permits before they could travel

Of course, people were motivated to travel just out of curiosity They wanted to know what lay beyond the horizon or around the bend in the road

Perhaps sailors joined the crew of the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria in 1492

because they wanted to find out what would happen when the ships reached the edge of the world

Throughout history, most travels was undertaken because of necessity - not for pleasure People traveled to satisfy basic needs for survival They searched for food and shelter or fled from enemies Many people traveled in search of a better life Perhaps they were looking for gold, silver, and other treasures that would make them rich Or they scouted for fertile farmland to which they could move their families

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to France The Crusades (1095 - 12921), in which Christian attempted to wrest control of the Holy Land from Muslims, was the most ambitious religious journeys of all

Travel for the purpose of conducting trade in other words, business travel - has been going on for centuries Trade from Phoenicia, a civilization that existed from 1100 B.C to 332 B.C., sailed from port to port in the Mediterranean world Early travel in China and India was based on trade

Destination of historic and cultural significance have attracted travelers through the ages This reason for travel originated with the grand tour in the seventh century As part of their education, the youth of the British aristocracy undertook an extended tour of the Continent Accompanied by tutors and servants, the young gentlemen toured the cathedrals, castled, and galleries of Europe, especially in France and Italy They learned to speak several languages and were introduced to Europe’s aristocracy The grand tour usually took three

Notions about cures for ailments of the body have also influenced travel To relieve his rheumatism, the Roman emperor Caracalla (A.D 188 - 217) journey

to mineral springs located north of Rome, Juan Ponce de Leon, a Spanish explorer, discovered Florida in 1513 while searching for the fountain of youth In the 1800s, it was fashionable for members of European high society to visit various German spas (different spas claimed effectiveness for different maladies) These people sipped mineral water all day and then entertained themselves with banquets, dancing, and gambling all night

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Who travels today?

The Vacation and Leisure Traveler

Today’s travelers are not uniform They form a larger and more diverse group of people, and no two travelers are exactly alike However, as a travel professional, you can begin to know today’s travelers and their motivations, needs, and expectations (MNEs) by dividing travelers into three general categories: the vacation and leisure traveler; the business and professional traveler, and the traveler visiting friends and relatives Later, you will learn more about the individual differences within these three categories

In the past, wealthy travelers had similar expectations of travel For example, in the 1920s, anyone who was anybody took the grand tour of Europe >

It was fairly easy for hotel managers, captains of cruise ships, and other travel professionals to anticipate the needs of these travelers and to serve them satisfactorily

The family taking a two - week vacation to Disney World The college student spending the summer in Europe The retired couple taking a one - week cruise to Bermuda These people represent the vacation and traveler Rather than lying in a hammock In the backyard, they use their leisure time to travel

Discretionary Travel Vacation and leisure travel is often called

discretionary travel The word discretionary refer to the family to make a choice

, judgment, or decision (You may have heard someone say, “Use your own discretion” when you have had a decision to make) Vacation and leisure travelers travel because they want to travel is voluntary for them They choose whether to stay home, drive to the mountains, or fly to the Caribbean

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Likewise the money that vacation and leisure travelers spend is called discretionary income Discretionary income is the money that’s left over after the necessities of life - shelter, food, clothing, insurance - have been purchased People choose how they want to spend their discretionary income While some choose to spend it on travel, others may choose to spend it on boats or second homes Since there is much competition from many industries for consumers’ discretionary income, the components of the travel industry work together to persuade consumers to spend their money

Pleasure Seekers: In general, vacation and leisure seek pleasure and

relaxation However, since what gives pleasure varies from individual to individual, one person’s idea of the perfect vacation is another person’s idea of a total waste of time and money Some travelers enjoy exploring museums, while others prefer sunbathing by a pool More will be said about specific motivations for pleasure travel later in this chapter

Another feature of vacation and leisure travel is that the pleasure comes not only durins the trip but also before and after the trip Planning the itinerary,

shopping for clothes to take along, and researching the destination can be as enjoyable as the trip itself Once back home, putting together a scrapbook about the trip or talking about it to friends and relatives sustains the pleasure

Purchasing Travel Products and Services When they purchase travel

products and services, vacation and leisure travelers are essentially buying an experience they hope will be pleasurable To satisfy their needs, vacation and leisure travelers will select products and services from several of the travel components They will certainly select products from the tourism component, such as tickets to a theme park or a concert They will probably hospitality products and services, although some vacationers now travel recreational vehicle

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The Business and Professional Traveler

A sale representative who sells pharmaceutical products to physicians and druggist throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia An efficiency expert who inspects operations at a company’s branch locations A lobbyist for a Midwestern farmers’ co-op who must attend the congressional hearing in Washington, D.C These people represent business travelers

Business travelers are not - discretionary travelers Business travelers do not have a choice about whether or not they want to travel - nor do they usually decide where they want to travel Travel is part of their job description They must travel to get their job done

A variation of business travel is professional travel Professional travelers attend conventions and seminars related to their jobs These meetings usually provide participants with information and skills to help them perform their jobs better For example, a physician might a medical convention to obtain the latest

and camp along the way Developing on the size of the group, the type of trip, the distance of the destination, and the time-involved, vacation travelers may or may not choose air transportation For example, even though air transportation is sometimes less expensive, families who want to visit many sites reroute to their destination will find it more convenient to travel by automobile

Vacation and leisure travelers have time to shop around for the product that best suits their needs Often they wait for a bargain to appear before they decide

on a definite trip Their schedules are usually flexible so that they can take advantage of the travel restrictions that accompany discounted airfares Vacation and leisure travelers are likely to purchase a package of travel products, including transportation, accommodations, and sightseeing

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The Traveler Visiting Friends and Relatives.

Professional travel is also not - discretionary in the sense that travelers do not decide the date or location of the convention or seminar Some professional travelers are also business travelers, and vice versa For example, a salesperson who often travels for business may also attend an annual sales convention

Time is very important for business and professional travelers They must attend a meeting on time They must get their work done on time Since every minute away from their home office costs money, they can’t afford to waste time

on delays and errors

When they purchase travel products and service business and professional travelers are essentially buying time A product that furnishes convenience of location, speed, and efficiency provide them with time Business and professional travelers generally purchase air transportation to and from their destination, a rental car for on demand local transportation, and accommodations in a major hotel near their meeting site

The schedule of business and professional travelers are less flexible than those of vacation and leisure travelers Often, because they can’t plan their trips

in advance, they can’t take advantage of discount airfares and other bargains To obtain speed, efficiency, and convenience, business and professional travelers must usually pay higher prices for travel products and service

The mother who takes her children to California every summer to visit their grandparents Alumni who attend their college’s reunion The son and daughterinformation on the treatment of allergies A sales representative might attend a seminar on how to improve selling skills

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Some other types of tourism

Travelers who visit friends and relatives for pleasure are like leisure travelers in their purchase of travel products Travelers who visit friends and relatives because of an emergency are more like business travelers, with an added element of stress In either case, they are likely to purchase only transportation, and perhaps some tourism products The friends and relatives usually supply the accommodations (a spare bedroom or the living - room sofa) and meals

who return home for their funeral These people represent the traveler visiting friends and relatives

The traveler visiting friends and relatives, often referred to as VFR, forms the largest group of travelers VFR travel may be discretionary or not - discretionary depending on the reasons for travel If traveler must for out of town because of an emergency, such as an illness or a death in the family, they the travel is nondiscretionary On the other hand, if a traveler wants to visit high school friends or spend some time with family members simply their company, then the travel is discretionary

Domestic travelers are those people who

country for tourism purposes

Incoming travelers or inbound travelers are those who visit a country

which is not their country of residence for the purpose of tourism If the tourist comes from France to the UK then they are outbound from France and incoming

to the UK Oversea visitors or incoming travelers to the UK Overseas visitors or incoming travelers to the UK spent about £1.9 billion in 2003

are travelling within their own

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VACATION AND LEISURE TRAVELERS

IL

The image that you’re a travel agent in a retail travel agency A woman, who appears to be in her early forties, come into your office She introduces herself as Mrs Hammond and says she wants help planning a trip to Mexico You begin to reach for the brochures describing a family vacation in Mexico, but Mrs Hammond says she will be traveling without her family You then assume she’s seeking a fun vacation on the Mexican Riviera but that’s not it either Mrs Hammond tells you she’s bored with the routine of everyday life What she really wants is a vacation experience that will challenge her mind and imagination After thinking for a moment, you suggest that she go to Mexico to study the architectural ruins of the Aztec Indians Mrs Hammond responds positively to your suggestion

Discovering a vacation traveler’s motivation, or reason, for traveling is very important A travel agent needs this information in order to sell the client the right travel product for his or her needs In the case of Mrs Hammond, a family vacation tour or a resort vacation would clearly have been the wrong product

To define the product further, the travel agent needs to ask questions related

to the client’s background and lifestyle You would ask Mrs Hammond questions such as: Do you want to travel alone or with a group? What kind of accommodation do you want? About how much money do you want to spend? How long do you want to stay? After discussing these questions, you and Mrs Hammond might agree that she should join a study tour to Mexico that is being organized by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C

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Why do they travel?

Underlying stated objectives such as these may be deeper, psychological motives For example, Wally Femrite enjoys the feeling of importance he gets when people wait on him Norm and Jane Kemcamp decided to go on this trip because last year their neighbors - the Joneses - made a similar trip And, Willie Stensrud, a middle aged bachelor, is secretly hoping to find romance

There are many reasons for vacation and leisure travel, and travel experts have many ways of listing or describing them In recent years, however, two theories have gained widespread acceptance in explaining travel motivation One theory is offered by psychologist Stanley Plog, and the other sociologist Abraham Maslow

Stanley Plog According to Plog’s theory, an individual’s personality

determines his or her motivation for travel and choice of destination Plog uses a continuum to describe vacation and leisure travelers (Figure 1.1 shows the continuum of each personality type)

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Mid-centric

Source: Adapted from Plog (2001)

Figure 1.1 Psychographic personality types

III

Venturer

Centric-Near Venturer (Near Allocentric)

Venturer (Allocentric)

*

5

*

1

At the end of the continuum is the allocentric personality (also means

“varied in form”) Allocentric personalities seek adventure, variety, and excitement They want to experience totally different cultures and environments They might choose to visit an isolated hill tribe in India,a and stays in native lodgings, eat native food, and participate in native dances and ceremonies Allocentric personalities shun traditional destinations

transportation They may be seen driving a jeep across the Sahara or paddling a dugout canoe on the inland waters of Panama Allocentric personalities are trend setters - they help to establish new destinations When those destinations become popular with other travelers, then allocentric move on to explore new territory.

I

i

Centric- | Dependable |

I

I _I

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Falling between these two extremes is the mid centric personality Most

vacation and leisure travelers fit into this category Mid centric personalities travel in order to obtain a break from their everyday routine They want to strike

a healthy balance between work and recreation Mid centric personalities aren’t afraid to try new travel experiences as long as these experiences are not too bizarre or challenging The environment can’t seem too foreign - a fast - food restaurant in the midst of seventeenth - century buildings is reassuring to them Mid centric personalities often go where their friends have gone They tend to travel to familiar destinations, such as the Caribbean, Hawaii, and Great Britain They will go to Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Manila, but most places in the Far East are too extreme for them

Abraham Maslow Maslow theory centers

satisfaction motivates human behavior Maslow developed five areas of human needs and arranged them in a hierarchy (Figure 1 -2 show Maslow es hierarchy

of human needs.) Like climbing a ladder, individuals start at the bottom of the hierarchy and work their way up The needs at a lower level must be met before the individual can proceed to a higher level In other words, individuals must first their needs for food, shelter, and clothing before seeking safety and security When their needs for safety and security have been meeting, then they are free to seek love and the company of other people, and so on

thoughts on themselves and their families, don’t travel much When they do go away, they don’t venture too far from home For example, if they live in the South, they might travel to New Orleans, Nashville, or Miami Psychocentric personalities need consistency and reliability in their travel products Often, they return to the same place year after year They don’t want to experiment with accommodations, food, or entertainment Nor do they want to experience personal stress or encounter unusual situations

on the belief that need

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In addition to planning travel products and services to meet human needs, travel professionals must recognize when needs change and adapt products and services to help them In the case of a traveler with a critically ill relative, a hotel

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs operates on different levels for different activities at different times The hierarchy also operates within a single travel experience For example, sudden terrorist activities at a destination will bring a vacation back down to the level of safety and security - needs for esteem, respect, and actualization must be set aside While on vacation in Europe, a traveler may receive news that a family member has become seriously ill The traveler’s needs then shift to a basic emotional level, as he or she attempts to deal the crisis

Travelers who feel a need to be with other people may purchase a group tour or a cruise with many planned activities Travelers who feel a need for respect may purchase a travel product that will impress their friends and associates This might be a trip to an exotic destination or a stay in a ritzy resort

or hotel Travelers who feel a need for self - actualization are beyond trying to impress their friends Instead, they want a travel product that will help them develop physically, mentally, or spiritually They might choose a bicycle tour through Ireland, a study tour of France’s chateaus, or a trip to Mecca

As applied to travel, Maslow’s theory suggests that vacation and leisure travelers are motivated by the satisfy needs People who lack for food, shelter, and clothing can’t travel for pleasure But, after basic physical and emotional needs have been met, travel meets people’s needs for esteem, respect, and self- actualization (Self - actualization was Maslow’s term for the higher level of personal fulfillment.)

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Basic human Needs

Self Actualization Self Esteem

V

Figure 1.2 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

manager might arrange for long - distance telephone calls, and the tour escort might arrange for quick transportation back home

Thousands of market segments exist, and there is no standard classification system As you’ve seen, a general classification system is that of vacation and leisure traveler, business and professional traveler, and traveler visiting friends and relatives But each of these can be further divided into segments according to

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-o M-ore urban dwellers travel than d-o rural dwellers.

travel habits and preferences, kind of transportation used, how travel arrangements are made, class of service purchased, and many other factors Furthermore, each component of the travel industry may have one or more ways

of segmenting its own market For example, airlines classify their customers into first class, business class, and economy class But they also categorize them according to destinations and routes

The travel industry depends on two kinds of marketing research in identifying and describing each market segment Primary research is carried out

by the travel industry itself For instance, airlines, buses and cruise ships - or marketing firms hired by them - conduct onboard surveys of passengers Hotels leave questionnaires in guests’ rooms and periodically review their guest ledgers Airlines and hotels interview travelers at airports and resorts Another kind of research, called secondary research, is based on information from other sources, such as a census conducted by the federal government or a study conducted by the United States Travel Data Center

Demographics Demographics are statistic and facts that describe a human

population They include age, income, sex, marital status, the size of family, education, occupation, residence, ethnic origin, religion Based on demographic information the travel industry can describe vacation and leisure travelers with statements such as the following:

The travelers in a particular market segment are assumed to have similar purchasing habits With the information gathered in market research, the travel industry can tailor specific products for that segment and plan specific marketing strategies The information collected is in the form demographics or psychographics

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Psychographics Demographics, which provide objective information, can’t

fully describe market segments Psychographics furnish more subjective information The psychographic research asks travelers to reveal their activities, interests, and opinions Such information might suggest, for instance, that young people travel to experience excitement, independence, and new environment

People with a high income and a high level of education tend to travel

by air and stay in hotels, whereas people with a lower and less education tend to travel by car or bus and stay with family and friends

People with college degrees are more likely to travel than are people without college degrees

Blue - collar workers tend to prefer group travel, whereas executives and professional - level workers tend to prefer more individual travel

Demographic information can also uncover potentially lucrative markets for the travel industry For instance, recent data reveal that there are approximately

35 million physically handicapped people in the United States These people would be willing to travel if the travel industry would provide products and services to meet their needs Many travel enterprises are reaching out to this market segment by modifying structures to allow for wheelchair access (wider hotel - room doors, ramps at the entrance of buildings), allowing an aide to travel

at a reduced price, or offering short tours geared to the handicapped Winter Park, Colorado, offers special ski programs for handicapped and blind people

There is a strong relationship between travel and age - approximately

65 percent of the 16 - to - 24 age group travels, 40 percent of the 50 -

to - 64 age group, and 17 percent of the 65 - and - over age group

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While uncovering the attitudes of travelers, psychographic information is also useful in uncovering the attitudes of non-travelers A great many people do not travel, even though they have the time and money Barriers to travel may include fear of the unknown, fear of flying, lack of interest, or even uneasiness about how to tip in a restaurant Once such barriers are revealed, products and services can be designed to overcome them Airlines, for example, developed in

- flight movies partly to keep nervous passengers from thinking about their fear

of flying Non- travelers represent a vast, untapped resource for the travel industry

Psychographic information also relates an individual’s life stage, or position

in the life cycle, to travel Because they have more time and money, young, single people and young, newly married couples with no children tend to travel more for pleasure Married couples with dependent children, or single parents, tend to travel less When they do travel, they go by car or camper and stay with friends and relatives Married, older couples, with no dependent children and recently retired people return to pleasure travel - buying air transportation and cruises

Psychographics show what travelers expect from their vacation experience The travel industry seeks to market its products and services based on these expectations If a traveler seeks glamor and romance and romance, then the product might be a trip to Paris, with accommodations in an elegant hotel If a traveler seeks outdoor adventure, then the product might be a white - water rafting trip in Colorado

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LEGAL DOCUMENTS DO YOU NEED FOR INTERNATIONAL III.

TRAVEL:

Plane Ticket

Each country may have specific requirements for international travelers For those travelers who are traveling or moving to another country? Prevent getting kicked out of the flight! Here are the required legal documents you need for international travel

Traveling to another country is exciting But all travelers know the time and money it takes to travel overseas But what’s the number one thing that can force travel plans to fall short? Missing certain documentation requirements When traveling internationally, you need to provide certain documents that prove your identity and your place on the flight

International flights enforce this policy very strictly To ensure safety for their passengers, security needs to check each passenger for specific identification policies

Your plane ticket, or boarding pass, is required each time you board a plane When security checks your plane ticket, your legal name appears on the pass This ensures you’re the correct person who booked your flight There are other reasons why you must have your boarding pass on you while you board the plane Certain flights require you book your seat before the flight Having your boarding pass helps prove you reserved your seat and helps you find your seat Every flight you take requires a boarding pass But this is important for international flights International travel flights fill up easily Having a boarding pass guarantees you have a spot on the flight

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A passport is useful for two main reasons A passport helps prove your identity during international travel It also gives you permission to leave and enter the country you reside A passport also helps prove your residence status This is important because certain countries only allow citizens from other countries to enter If your passport shows you’re from a particular country, you may not be allowed into that country.

Be sure to make sure all information on your passport is updated and make sure your passport hasn’t expired If your passport is damaged, you’ll also need a new one Any of these factors result in boarding denial

Passports are also used to prove your identity Your passport lists your legal name, age, address and other crucial information When you go through security, they will look at your passport and boarding ticket for identification

This isn’t necessarily required; your passport will display enough information so you may not need your driver’s license But depending on security, they may check your driver’s license anyway The most important aspect to check is if your driver’s license and passport have the same information If security checks your driver’s license, this is what they will check You should also make sure your driver’s license isn’t expired, in case of security

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checks it If you don’t have a driver’s license, a birth certificate can be used as a substitute

• United States: Before you travel to the United States, you must obtain a

travel visa This visa is placed in your passport and grants permission from the country you reside in to travel to the United States If you meet certain requirements, a U.S travel visa isn’t required Always check the U.S travel website and see if you’re eligible for visa-free travel U.S visas cost $160 USD There’s no fee if you’re engaging in government-sponsored exchange travel The maximum amount of stay is six months and your visa lasts for 10 years Make sure you leave two months to receive your travel visa before your flight leaves You can apply for a U.S travel visa online

• Australia: Regardless of what type of travel you embark on, a visa is

required for non-Australian residents Fortunately, a travel visa is free This visa is good for 12 months Your only restriction is you can only stay in Australia for three months at a time You can get an Australian visa online

• Brazil: Before you party it up at the Copacabana, you need a Brazilian travel visa When traveling to Brazil, you must carry your home country’s passport and your Brazilian travel visa You can obtain your visa at a Brazilian

Depending on the country you travel to, a visa is required A travel visa grants you access to enter and exit the country However, you can’t reside in or work in the country A special residency or work visa is required for either option Not all countries require a travel visa, but some do Here are some frequently traveled countries that require a travel visa Keep in mind, long-period stays may require a special visa, even if you’re only traveling Check the country you’re traveling to

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consulate in your home country or apply online (the online application includes a fee) If you’re eligible for a Brazilian visa, it will last 10 years It will cost about 130 real ($40 USD).

• Turkey Depending on the country you reside, a travel visa to Turkey is

required You must be a passport holder in your home country You can obtain a Turkey travel visa online You can easily gain a Turkey travel visa from a website such as Turkey Tourist E-Visa The visa costs 75.82 in lira ($20 USD) It’s recommended you apply at least three months before leaving The maximum amount of time you can stay is 90 days The visa is valid for 180 days

Many companies selling tickets or travel packages, give consumers the option to purchase travel insurance, also known as travelers insurance Some travel policies cover damage to personal property, rented equipment, such as rental cars, or even the cost of paying a ransom Frequently sold as a package, travel insurance may include several types of coverage The main categories of travel insurance include trip cancellation or interruption coverage, baggage and personal effects coverage, medical expense coverage, and accidental death or flight accident coverage

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Proof of accommodation (hotel booking)

PART 2: PRACTICE

Janine is taking a holiday in the UK She lives in France

Maria and Ken are going to Spain for a weekend break

Salim is going

Lougborrough

1 Study each of the examples below What kind of travelers are they? Note that the examples might fit into more than one category

Miguel and Jose are visiting Wales on holiday from

Spain They are going on a hang - gliding course They

booked the course, accommodation and flight with a

Spanish tour operator

When on a tourist visa, or for countries with visa-on-arrival, most of the countries ask for accommodation proof at the immigration counter A copy of the hotel booking or the invitation of a relative or friend who resides there will be fine Travelling is a wonderful adventure and to do it in a responsible way will ensure a good and meaningful experience So before you head out, make sure you have these essential travel documents in hand

on holiday to Bring ton He lives in

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They live in Glasgow

Peter goes to visit his sister in Ireland every Christmas

Marguerite is a doctor She has to attend a conference in

Tenerife

The Patel family are going on holiday to Disney in

Florida They booked directly with Thomson in their

home town of Swansea

2 Try to remember the holidays you have been on List them Then, note the types of activities you did while on those holidays

3 Now, talk to the other people, one should be much older Then record that interviewing, make notes on their holiday experiences up until they were the same age as you are now Some of the questions you may ask are:

Minguel is visiting the UK to attend a language course for

two weeks

Suzie is going to New York for two days and has booked

a flight on the British Airways website She also booked a

hotel on the Novotel website

Trang 32

• Did you have holidays and day trips?

• Where to?

• How did you travel?

• Who did you go with?

• How many holidays a year did you have?

• What did you do on holiday?

4 What types of traveler are you? Why?

5 What were your motivating factors last time you went on holiday?

PART 3: LANGUAGE SKILLS :

hoiday with old- fashipn hospitality

b.A month’s holiday lost in the Amazon rain forest

c A fomight’s holiday for the family in a retend Swiss chalet

d A ten - day to Thailand, including flights, deluxe hotels andvisits to the Sukhothai national park and the pagodas at Ayutthaya

Trang 33

in the Baltic Sea abroad the luxury linere.A two - week

in the famous Tsavo

holiday, excavating Aztec temples or learning English

7 to make complete

a

b A three - week expedition to Greeland

A five - day stay in a purpose - built chalet

c.

d Two weeks on an ocean liner

A month’s holiday in a mobile home

e

f A bed and - breakfast stay

g A trip to Disney World

1 To study the geology, flora and fauna

2 In a caravan park in sunny Biarritz

3 At one of the Center Parcs holiday villaages in Britain , Trace or Holland

4 With two nights at the Metropol hotel and tickets for the Bolshoi

Argenta

f A (n) holiday skiing on the slopes of the Pyrenees

g A (n) in Amsterdam to visit the Rijksmuseum and be back intime for work on Monday

h A stay Mombasa combined with a(n)

Trang 34

5 Including a three - day stopover in Tahiti

6 With free accommodation in a condo in Orlando

7 In a comfortable guest house near The Black Forest

4 Answer the following questions:

Where would you consider it economical / reasonable / exorbitant to

go for a holiday?

b What kind of tourist activities in your area are free of charge?

What are the disadvantages of holiday at rock - bottom prices^

d Which of the holidays in the travel agent’s window would appeal to you?

What would you consider to be holiday of a lifetime ?

f Give examples of each of the following in the case of our country:

• Special interest holiday

• A city break

had the most exciting holiday? The best value for money?

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Singapore

Destination

Familiasation tripSelf-catering

Sightseeing &

Activites

cultural visitssightseeing,

shopping

walking

ExcellentGreat

Terrible

Value for money

C READING

Why is Mrs McSweeney writing? What

6 Read the letter below

information does she require?

44 Cedar Avenue

London N3 1 SR Skyways Holidays

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Dear Sir or Madam

Free Skyways UK Flights to Heathrow or Gatwick are available to connect with

As an enthusiastic golfer I am very intererested in combining a holiday abroad with the opportunity to receive expert tuition and improve my handicap.

I would be grateful if you send me a brochure on special interest golfing

holidays, together with details of transport, accommodation and any special out -of-season offers.

Thank you in advance I look forward to hearing from you in the near future Your faithfully

Read the reply on the right What information is missing?

SKYWAYS HOLIDAYS

I am delighted to enclose a Skyways Holidays Golf brochure for next season This brochure offers the widest selection of golf holidays available today Choose between a holiday near to home in Portugal, Spain or Madeira, or fly further afield to exotic destinations such as the Caribbean, the USA, Kenya or even Thailand

Trang 37

We look forward to welcoming you on a Skyways Holiday soon.

Yours sincerely

Avril Sinclair

Glof Manager

D WRITING

Before you begin, decide on the

Who you area

b Your age

Your marital statusc

ONE DAY KOREA

If you will be travellingd

P/s Our Golf Reservation Team on 01293 487725 will be happy to check

availability on any holiday for you

8 Letter of enquiry : Read the instructions below and write a letter of enquiry Give the letter to your teacher who will deliver it to another member of the class

The Korean government tourist office has

given you an address to write to

many holidays, and you will find a host of bonus offers at selected hotels throughout the brochure With guaranteed no surcharges, you can be sure of real value for money I do hope that this new brochure will help you find the holiday

of your choice Our specialist Golf Reservaions Team on 01293 487725 will be delighted to help you with your booking, or alternatively visit yoru local ABTA Travel Agent or Skyways Travel Shop If you have any specific questions, please call our Golf Advice Helpline on 01293 890572

You are planning a trip to a country in

Asia this summer and you are thinking of following

taking a touring holiday in Korea

Trang 38

alone or with others

Seoul, South Korea

course

Location Other Tour Number Duration Hotel Category

of centers

5^ * *

Palermo HBSicily Two 7 nights Fortuna

a

Cefalu TraditionalPonte

restaurantNouvo

14 nights Goaand

b

Beach

prices, the type of transport,

accommodation and any discounts that

may be available

The Sharp Sanga Room 217, 510 Tongil-

ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea,

You would like to know what they can

offer You also want to know about

If necessary, refer to the Writing Tips below

HB guided tours = 3

(number of course:4)

9 Use the information in the grid to write short descriptions ( The first one has been done for you)

a It is a two - center holiday lasting seven nights You will stay in two

luxury five — star hotels, the Fortune in Palermo and the Ponte Nuovo in Cefalu The package will include half - board with a four

evening meal in the traditional restaurant.

e If with others, who they will be

beach 5

Trang 39

miles days

* * *

NewTaj Mahal

from theDelhi

citycenter

Escorted

* *

Dalaman

14 nightsThree

c

hikingSimena * *

In Orlando:

10 milesOrlando * sfc 3$c

10 nightsOrlando Two

Cayman

World Islands

Cayman

on beach

Cayman :Grand

beach HBrestaurant -Turkey

and

Trang 40

CHAPTER 2: HOTEL - MOTEL - RESORT

INDUSTRY

PARTI : CORE KNOWLEDGE

I A BRIEF HISTORY OF HOSPITALITY

animals

Religion played an important role in the early history of hospitality In addition to the merchants, there were large numbers of priest, pilgrims, and missionaries journeying to temples and other holy places throughout the eastern Mediterranean region Many early inns came into being because people wanted

to open their homes to the religious travelers These people believed that by so doing they would in some way ensure their own religious well - being

In this chapter, you will learn how this giant industry developed, and how it

is structured today You will also learn of the many decisions that go into the running of a successful hotel, motel, or resort, and of the many kinds of jobs offered by the industry

The demand for lodging places increased significantly with the development

of an extensive high - way system throughout Europe during the Roman era Roadside inns and tavern provided shelter for traveling merchants and scholars

As soon as people began to travel extensively by land and by water thousands of years ago, there was a demand for overnight resting places The earliest lodging places were probably built along trade and caravan routes in ancient Persia and elsewhere in the Near East These simple structure - known

as khans or caravansaries - provided shelter for traveling merchants and their

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