INTRODUCTION
Rationale for the study
Language serves as a system for expressing meaning, primarily facilitating interaction and communication (Mcdonough & Shaw, 2003) English, spoken by millions globally, is regarded as a foreign language in Vietnam, where it is taught from elementary school through university In the educational context, students are encouraged to achieve fluency in English to remain competitive in a rapidly advancing technological landscape.
Speaking is a crucial skill in language learning, alongside listening, writing, and reading It involves the exchange of information through dialogue among individuals However, many students struggle to speak English effectively due to limited practice opportunities both in and out of the classroom To enhance student motivation and participation in speaking lessons, teachers can employ various engaging techniques One effective method is the debate technique, which promotes active learning by encouraging students to construct knowledge collaboratively and share insights This strategy has been shown to enhance verbal communication and critical-thinking skills Consequently, I have chosen to conduct a study titled “The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Debate Technique in Speaking Lessons in Advanced Classes at VNUA.”
Research questions
For the aims of the study, the following research questions are addressed: 1.What are the advantages of using debates techique in speaking lessons in advanced classes at VNUA?
2.What are the disadvantages of using debates techique in speaking lessons in advanced classes at VNUA?
Scope of the study
Participants: 3 teachers and 30 students in advanced classes including class English A1 (10 students), EngA2 (10 ) ,EngA3 (10)
Objectives of research: the advantages and disadvantages of using debate technique in speaking lessons in advanced classes at VNUA
The study began on 01/03/2021 and finished on 30/06/2021.
Significance of the study
In the context of the study, firstly, in this study show the advantages and disadvantages of using debate technique in their speaking lessons in advanced classes at VNUA
Utilizing debate techniques significantly enhances students' speaking skills, as they recognize the real-life applicability of their arguments These activities foster fluency in expressing ideas through the appropriate use of target language, encouraging learners to articulate and defend their viewpoints based on prior instruction In a debate setting, where effective communication is essential, students are motivated to deliver more impactful speeches It's important to view language as a tool for communication rather than merely a means to evaluate grammar or pronunciation, especially in the context of debate activities.
This study aims to provide teachers with alternative teaching methods, particularly through the use of debates Readers are expected to gain valuable insights to enhance their knowledge by engaging with this thesis Ultimately, for the writer, this thesis serves as a means to develop her skills and experience in academic writing.
This paper is divided into four chapters
Chapter 1: briefly introduces the background information of the study, the reasons the aims, objectives of the study and the research questions which are going to be addressed in thestudy The scope of study, its significance and structure are also raised in this chapter
Chapter 2: consists of theoretical framework of teaching speaking skills and the debate technique and previous studies related to the thesis
Chapter 3: the methodology chapter, will make it clear how the present study was implemented, including information about context, participants, and procedures, instrumentation and data collection Methods of analysis will also be addressed in this chapter Analysis of a range of data collected from various sources (oral data from group planning and individual presentations, teacher’s observation notes) for the study will be clarified in this chapter
Chapter 4: which is also the concluding chapter of the study includes conclusion, implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for further studies.
Design of the study
Richa Rubiati's 2010 classroom action research focused on the implementation of debate techniques to enhance speaking skills among first-semester students in the English Language Teaching Department at IAIN Walisongo Semarang Conducted over two cycles with 31 participants from class TBI 1B, the study revealed significant improvements in students' speaking abilities, as evidenced by their test scores The average score increased from 65.3 in the first cycle to 76.6 in the second cycle, demonstrating the effectiveness of the debate technique in teaching speaking.
Junaidi's (2011) study investigates the effectiveness of the critical debate technique in enhancing the speaking competence of second-year students at SMAN 1 Sakra The research aims to determine whether this technique can improve students' speaking abilities and to assess the teaching-learning progress associated with its application Data were collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods, including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through a constant comparative method The findings indicate that the critical debate technique successfully develops speaking skills among the students, demonstrating positive outcomes across multiple dimensions.
DEVELOPMENT
Richa Rubiati's 2010 classroom action research focused on the implementation of debate techniques to enhance speaking skills among first-semester students in the English Language Teaching Department at IAIN Walisongo Semarang Conducted over two cycles with 31 participants from class TBI 1B, the study revealed significant improvements in students' speaking abilities, as evidenced by their test scores The average score increased from 65.3 in the first cycle to 76.6 in the second cycle, demonstrating the effectiveness of the debate technique in teaching speaking.
Junaidi's (2011) study investigates the effectiveness of the critical debate technique in enhancing the speaking competence of second-year students at SMAN 1 Sakra The research aims to determine whether this technique can improve students' speaking abilities and to assess the teaching-learning progress associated with its application Data were collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods, including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were examined through the constant comparative method The findings indicate that the critical debate technique successfully develops speaking skills among the students, demonstrating positive outcomes across multiple dimensions.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Review of previous studies
Richa Rubiati's 2010 classroom action research focused on the implementation of debate techniques to enhance speaking skills among first-semester students in the English Language Teaching Department at IAIN Walisongo Semarang Conducted over two cycles with 31 participants in class TBI 1B, the study revealed significant improvements in students' speaking abilities Test scores increased from an average of 65.3 in the first cycle to 76.6 in the second cycle, demonstrating the effectiveness of the debate technique in fostering better speaking skills.
Junaidi's (2011) study investigates the effectiveness of the critical debate technique in enhancing the speaking competence of second-year students at SMAN 1 Sakra The research aims to determine whether this technique can improve students' speaking abilities and to assess the teaching-learning progress associated with its application Data were collected through both quantitative and qualitative methods, including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis The findings indicate that the critical debate technique successfully enhances speaking skills, increases student engagement in the learning process, fosters appreciation for diversity and tolerance for differing viewpoints, boosts motivation and interest, provides psychological benefits, and promotes critical thinking.
The previous studies reveal both similarities and differences, primarily focusing on the use of debate as a strategy in teaching and learning English as a foreign language, all conducted within school learning activities.
This research of course difference from both previous theses This thesis is focused on the advantages and disadvantages of using debate technique.
Review of theoretical background
Mastering speaking is essential for students to become effective communicators, as it involves the verbal use of language to interact with others According to Hall, speaking is often taken for granted and is learned through socialization and communication It encompasses making choices in how to express oneself and build social relationships Essentially, speaking is the act of using language to convey feelings and engage in conversations, highlighting the interactive process of constructing meaning through words and phrases.
1.2.1.2 Five main Principles of Teaching Speaking
There are significant differences between teaching and learning a second language and a foreign language A foreign language context focuses on learning to speak in a specific environment rather than in a community setting, while a second language context emphasizes communication within society Therefore, when teaching speaking skills, educators must consider these distinctions to implement effective speaking activities.
The Importance of Fluency and Accuracy:
Accuracy in speaking refers to how closely students' speech aligns with the language used by native speakers in communication, while fluency is the ability to use language quickly and confidently, with minimal hesitation or unnatural pauses Both fluency and accuracy are crucial for effective communication, making it essential for teachers to focus on developing these skills in their students.
Encouraging students to engage in speaking activities is essential for enhancing their speaking skills Teachers should incorporate more opportunities for students to speak in class and motivate every student to seize these chances to express themselves.
It is understandable that having a well-prepared teaching plan will allow teachers to be more organized and the effectiveness of the lesson will be increased
Classroom activities play a crucial role in speaking lessons as they enhance student engagement in the target language To create effective activities, teachers must invest time in understanding the specific dynamics of their class.
Numerous scholars have proposed various activities and methods for enhancing speaking lessons in the classroom After careful consideration, the researcher has chosen to summarize Jeremy's (1993) perspective on several effective techniques that significantly improve speaking skills.
Acting from a script involves students memorizing and performing a text prepared by teachers, allowing them to embody characters and express emotions This activity enhances their imagination and prepares them for real-life dialogues by teaching appropriate responses to various situations To further enrich the experience, teachers can encourage students to create their own scripts and perform them, fostering creativity and engagement in the learning process.
Students enjoy learning through games, making game-based speaking activities an effective and engaging method for practicing communication skills.
Discussion is a vital method for conveying and expressing ideas, significantly enhancing speaking skills However, many students in our country show a lack of interest in discussion and group activities To address this, teachers should actively encourage students to build their confidence In contrast, prepared talks allow students to engage in speaking activities with ample preparation time, such as presentations or role-plays During these talks, students can choose topics and use notes to aid their memory When well-organized, prepared talks can be an engaging and effective speaking genre for both the speaker and the audience.
Simulation and role-play are widely used teaching methods in schools and universities In these activities, students take on the roles of various characters, such as neighbors, doctors, or famous individuals, and engage in problem-solving scenarios This approach not only stimulates students' interest but also allows teachers to guide them in providing appropriate responses to specific situations.
Debate is a highly effective teaching method for enhancing students' speaking competence In this activity, students are divided into groups, each representing a different viewpoint on a significant topic Group representatives present and argue their positions, allowing students to engage with a variety of grammatical structures and vocabulary as they convincingly defend their stance on the issue.
All effective teaching methods for speaking share a common goal: to maximize student speaking practice Teachers should select the most suitable activities based on the specific classroom context and the students' speaking proficiency, or they can integrate multiple methods to enhance learning and practice.
Mastering speaking skills is essential for English students, as it enables them to engage in conversations, express ideas, and share information Thornbury emphasizes that speaking activities often serve as practice for specific grammar and functional expressions, highlighting the importance of oral communication A proficient speaker is characterized by their fluency, clarity, and appeal in spoken language According to Richards, many second language learners prioritize speaking skills, often measuring their success in language learning by their improvement in spoken proficiency Thus, speaking is crucial for learners, as it allows them to convey meanings effectively and assess their progress in English.
Fulcher emphasized that mastering speaking is crucial for students to become effective communicators Speaking, as a verbal form of language, plays a vital role in forming social relationships through dialogue It involves making choices about how to express oneself, as spoken language is predominantly used in communication Consequently, it is clear that without the ability to speak, communication cannot be fully realized.
A debate involves presenting and arguing opposing viewpoints on a real or simulated issue Participants must possess sufficient shared knowledge and diverse opinions to effectively defend their positions Ultimately, the activity may conclude with a concrete decision or a vote on the issue at hand.
SUMMARY
The application of the Debate Technique significantly enhances student motivation, research skills, critical thinking, and communication proficiency It facilitates a focused, in-depth analysis of issues from multiple perspectives, encouraging students to challenge their assumptions by adopting opposing viewpoints This approach fosters a deeper understanding of complex topics and promotes appreciation for diversity and tolerance of differing opinions Additionally, the Debate Technique is task-based, allowing students to practice English in real communication settings, which boosts their confidence and reduces anxiety about speaking As a result, students become more self-reliant, active participants in discussions, and feel freer to exchange ideas without fear of judgment.
METHODOLOGY
Research methodology
This research utilizes both theoretical and practical methods, gathering data from students and teachers through qualitative and quantitative approaches The aim is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the debate technique in teaching and learning speaking skills.
Research setting
The research takes place at Vietnam National University of Agriculture.
Data collection
Andi Prastowo states that interviews are a key method for data collection, involving direct questioning of participants about the research problem In this study, the researcher will conduct interviews with three teachers, focusing on seven questions that explore the advantages and disadvantages of using the debate technique in advanced classes.
A questionnaire, as defined by Suharsimi, is a tool for gathering information from respondents In this study, the researcher utilized a questionnaire to collect data from 30 students in advanced classes These students responded to four Likert-scale questions regarding their perceptions of various aspects of debate based on their experiences The collected data were analyzed to identify the advantages and disadvantages of employing the debate technique in educational settings.
The study gathered data from students enrolled in the advanced programs at Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA) to explore the advantages and disadvantages of using debate techniques in speaking lessons An online survey was conducted with 30 students, and three teachers were also interviewed to provide additional insights Following the completion of data collection, the analysis of the gathered information commenced.
The research utilized qualitative data derived from teacher interviews to identify advanced classes Data was gathered from a sample of 30 randomly selected students at the Faculty of Education and Foreign Languages, along with input from 3 teachers The questionnaire responses were completed by all participants, ensuring a high level of reliability in the findings.
The data collected is quantitative that analyze from the four Likert- scale questionnaire students to find out the advantages and disadvantages of using debate technique
In this chapter, the researcher outlines the study methodologies, highlighting both qualitative and quantitative approaches, along with data collection tools like student questionnaires and interview questions The study involved 30 randomly selected participants from advanced classes, and additionally, three teachers were invited to participate in an online interview.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Finding and discussion from questionnaire of students
Table 3.3 The results of the questionnaire
Advantages of using debate technique
6.Enables more interactive exchange between teachers and students
7.Students increase motivation to learn to speak
8 Deepen knowledge in each subject
Disadvantages of using debate technique
1 Need more time to practice the debate activity
2 Opposing opinions will lead to conflict
3 Debate is only used for certain subjects
4 Students' background knowledge is limited, so they will be less excited to participate
The questionnaire consisted of eight questions advantages of using debate technique and four questions disadvantages of using debate technique
The first question of the questionnaire aimed to determine if the debate technique in the classroom enhances students' speaking abilities The results revealed that 29 students (96.7%) strongly agreed that their speaking skills improved through the use of debate techniques, while one student (3.3%) agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the overwhelming majority of students support the effectiveness of debate techniques in enhancing their speaking abilities, highlighting this as a significant advantage of the approach.
The second question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether the debate technique in the classroom enhances students' critical thinking skills The results revealed that 23 students (76.7%) strongly agreed that their speaking abilities improved through the use of debate techniques, while 6 students (20%) agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students support the effectiveness of debate techniques in enhancing their critical thinking skills, highlighting this as a significant advantage of the approach.
The third question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether the debate technique in the classroom aids students in developing their communicative skills The results revealed that 21 students (70%) strongly agreed that their speaking abilities improved through the use of debate techniques, while 7 students (23.3%) agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students either strongly agree or agree on the effectiveness of debate techniques in enhancing their communicative skills, highlighting this as a significant advantage of the approach.
The fourth question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether the use of debate techniques in the classroom helps develop students' communicative skills The results revealed that 7 students (23.3%) strongly disagreed that debate techniques enhance information search skills, while 21 students (70%) also disagreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students do not recognize the benefits of using debate techniques for improving information search skills, indicating that this approach may not be suitable for advanced classes.
The fifth question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether the debate technique in the classroom aids students in improving their research skills The results revealed that only 2 students (29.8%) agreed that the debate technique enhances their information search techniques, while a significant majority of 21 students (70%) disagreed Additionally, 7 students (23.3%) expressed disagreement with the effectiveness of this approach.
The sixth question of the questionnaire aimed to determine if the debate technique in the classroom fosters more interactive exchanges between teachers and students The results revealed that 13 students, accounting for 43.3%, strongly agreed that using the debate technique enhances their information search skills.
A total of 16 students, representing 53.3%, expressed their agreement with the use of debate techniques, highlighting their effectiveness in fostering more interactive exchanges between teachers and students This finding underscores the third advantage of implementing debate techniques in educational settings.
A questionnaire consisting of seven questions was utilized to assess whether the debate technique in the classroom enhances students' motivation to learn speaking skills The results revealed that 22 students (73.3%) disagreed with the notion that the debate technique improves information search skills, while only 3 students (3.1%) agreed, and 13 students (26.7%) strongly disagreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students do not perceive the debate technique as beneficial for enhancing information search skills, indicating that this approach may not be suitable for advanced classes.
The eighth question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether the debate technique in the classroom aids students in deepening their knowledge across subjects The results revealed that 17 students (56.7%) strongly disagreed with the effectiveness of this technique in enhancing information search skills, while 11 students (36.3%) disagreed, and only 2 students (6.7%) agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students do not perceive the debate technique as beneficial for deepening knowledge in various subjects, indicating that this approach may not be suitable for advanced classes.
The use of debate techniques in the classroom presents a significant disadvantage, as it requires additional time for practice A survey revealed that 50% of students strongly agree, while another 50% agree that more time is necessary to effectively engage in debate activities Consequently, it can be concluded that the majority of students recognize the need for increased practice time to enhance their debate skills.
The second question addresses whether opposing opinions lead to conflict The results indicate that 23 students, representing 76.7%, agree that opposing opinions can result in conflict, particularly when using debate techniques In contrast, 13 students, or 23.3%, also expressed agreement Consequently, it can be concluded that a majority of students believe opposing opinions do indeed lead to conflict.
The third question addressed whether debate is limited to specific subjects The results revealed that 19 students (63.3%) agreed that debate is only applicable to certain topics, while 11 students (36.7%) strongly agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that a majority of students support the notion that debate is restricted to particular subjects.
The final question of the questionnaire aimed to assess whether students believe their background knowledge is constrained by the debate technique The results revealed that 20 students (66.7%) strongly agreed that their background knowledge is limited by this method, while 10 students (33.3%) agreed Consequently, it can be concluded that a majority of students recognize the debate technique as a limiting factor in their background knowledge.
The student questionnaire results indicate that the debate technique offers several advantages, including enhanced speaking abilities, improved critical thinking skills, and better communication among students, fostering a more interactive exchange between teachers and students However, there are notable disadvantages, such as the need for additional practice time, the potential for conflicts arising from opposing opinions, its applicability being limited to certain subjects, and students' restricted background knowledge.
Finding and discussion from teacher interview
In-depth interviews with three teachers experienced in advanced classes revealed significant insights regarding the use of debate techniques in speaking courses The analysis of their comments highlighted the effectiveness of debate as a pedagogical tool, emphasizing its role in enhancing student engagement and improving communication skills.
Teachers view debate as an effective strategy for language learning and are eager to incorporate it into their regular teaching practices, even with students who have limited language proficiency.
Debate is an effective method for enhancing audio-oral skills in foreign language learning Teachers advocate that debating not only improves language competence but also significantly boosts vocabulary and fluency This approach is beneficial across various subjects, with a particular emphasis on speaking skills in language education.
Students are encouraged to communicate naturally and effectively, with a strong emphasis on fluency and vocabulary Teachers highlight the importance of developing fluency supported by an expanding vocabulary Engaging in debates and competitions provides a realistic context for language learning, similar to how they acquired their first language Debates create a powerful learning environment, enabling students to enhance their language skills effortlessly, even mastering complex linguistic structures typically reserved for more advanced levels, such as the second or third conditionals.
Another comment from a teacher underlines the impact of debate on the development of language skills: Debates can help students understand and respect others
Teachers believe that engaging in debates helps students develop respect for differing opinions, fostering a deeper understanding of various perspectives This process emphasizes that the essence of communication lies not just in expressing ideas, but in effectively connecting with others through logic and critical thinking.
Debate enhances teamwork and cooperation among students, as teachers emphasize its significance for success Effective collaboration is essential for students to discover the best resources and compelling evidence The overall success of each team relies on the collective effort of its members Furthermore, debates not only improve linguistic skills but also foster essential soft skills like teamwork, which are highly valued by HR departments.
Debating is an enjoyable and interactive activity that enhances learning in schools Students and teachers alike appreciate the balance of fun and commitment that debating offers, making it a valuable educational experience.
The debate technique offers several advantages, including the stimulation of independent and critical thinking among students, enhancement of their communication skills, and increased classroom interaction, which fosters excitement However, it also has disadvantages, such as limited topic availability, the need for extensive preparation and time, and students' often restricted background knowledge, which can lead to decreased enthusiasm for participation.
Summary
The application of the Debate Technique significantly enhances student motivation, teamwork, and cooperation while improving research skills, critical thinking, and communication proficiency Engaging in debates allows students to conduct focused, in-depth analyses of issues from multiple perspectives By requiring students to adopt opposing viewpoints, debates challenge their existing assumptions, moving them beyond simplistic dualistic thinking and deepening their understanding of complex topics This process fosters an appreciation for diversity and tolerance for differing viewpoints, while also enhancing audio-oral skills.
Debate techniques significantly enhance speaking skills by promoting task-based learning, encouraging students to engage in real communication By employing critical debate methods, students become more self-reliant, actively participating and freely exchanging ideas without fear of making mistakes or being ridiculed This approach helps reduce anxiety regarding their English speaking abilities However, while debate techniques offer numerous benefits in speaking lessons, they also present challenges, such as the need for more practice time, potential conflicts arising from opposing opinions, and limitations in students' background knowledge.
CONCLUSION
This research highlights various techniques that enhance student motivation, fostering interest and curiosity, as discussed in the previous chapter Each method contributes positively to the learning experience.
In this last chapter concluded about the advantages and disadvantages of using debate technique in speaking lesson at VNUA
The researcher aims to highlight the significance of various theories in relation to the conditions faced by students, focusing on 12 theories that outline the advantages and disadvantages of the debate technique Through surveys and interviews with teachers in advanced classes, it was found that the benefits of using debate include improved critical thinking, enhanced communication skills, increased interaction between teachers and students, and the promotion of teamwork and cooperation, encouraging students to express themselves naturally and effectively Conversely, the drawbacks of debate are that it is applicable only to certain subjects, requires additional time for practice, can lead to conflicts due to opposing opinions, and may result in limited student participation due to insufficient background knowledge.
The debate technique significantly enhances English speaking skills among students at Vietnam National University of Agriculture Its application in advanced classes has transformed teaching and learning methods, leading to a notable improvement in students' speaking competence.
Debate activities significantly enhance students' confidence and critical thinking skills, while also equipping them to address real-life problems relevant to their future careers Through these activities, students learn to articulate their thoughts on various issues effectively However, there are challenges associated with implementing debate in the classroom, particularly the limited background knowledge students may have on the topics discussed, which can make teachers hesitant to incorporate this method regularly.
The effectiveness of the debate technique in enhancing students' speaking skills is influenced by their confidence levels and vocabulary range, as articulating team viewpoints and providing arguments can challenge their fluency While there are numerous benefits to incorporating debate activities in speaking lessons, some drawbacks exist Ultimately, the debate technique significantly boosts students' interest in learning to speak, and it is encouraged that this method be utilized more frequently for greater learner benefit.
This research examines the advantages and disadvantages of employing debate techniques in speaking lessons for advanced classes at VNUA, given the researcher's constraints in time, resources, and capacity.
The study is limited to a specific agriculture course, and the results are not representative of all students A key limitation is that the survey does not accurately reflect students' actual performance The findings are derived from individual assessments of metrics, representing only the subjective opinions of students rather than their actual strategies Therefore, definitive conclusions cannot be made for each student area.
Researchers can further analyze the use of debate techniques to improve students' speaking and make suggestions to increase the advantages and reduce the disadvantages of this activity in class.
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APPENDIX Appendix 1: Teacher interview questions
1 When using debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, did you encounter any difficulties?
2 When using the debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, do you have any advantages?
3 Can you tell me some advantages of using debate technique in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
4 Can you tell me some disadvantages of using debate techniques in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
5 When you use debate technique in speaking class, does it improve students' speaking skills?
6 What advice do you have for using that activity effectively?
7 Do you plan to use that activity in the coming periods?
1.When using debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, did you encounter any difficulties?
Students' background knowledge is limited, so they often have few arguments
The students' knowledge of the corresponding vocabulary for debate is still limited
The response speed of students is quite slow due to limitations in social knowledge and language knowledge
2.When using the debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, do you have any advantages?
Students actively participate in debate activities
3.Can you tell me some advantages of using debate technique in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Helps stimulate independent thinking and critical thinking
Help increase interaction in the classroom, students are more excited Develop student’s communicative skill
4.Can you tell me some disadvantages of using debate techniques in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Debate is only used for certain subject Debate technique only can be used for specific subject, such as subject that related with agreeing and disagreeing and giving argument
Many preparations need in debating in order to make debate runs well 5.When you use debate technique in speaking class, does it improve students' speaking skills?
I think that students will improve their speaking skills
6.What advice do you have for using that activity effectively?
Careful lecture preparation is required, so that weaker students can also participate in this debate (Scaffolding is suitable in terms of social knowledge, knowledge of debating language, vocabulary, grammar)
It is necessary to choose the topics they are interested in and suitable for the age of students
To enhance student participation in speaking activities, it is essential to adopt a flexible approach in forming debate groups, ensuring that all students, including those who are less confident, have ample opportunities to share their opinions.
Debate readings can be assigned to students to read before class to make the most of class time for debate activities
Observations during debate activities are essential for making necessary adjustments, ensuring that these discussions yield the maximum benefit for the entire class.
It is necessary to give clear examples of debate activities so that students can understand how they can make debate activities appropriate to each situation
7.Do you plan to use that activity in the coming periods?
1.When using debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, did you encounter any difficulties?
2.When using the debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, do you have any advantages?
The students' English speaking skills are good
3.Can you tell me some advantages of using debate technique in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Students will develop respect for differing opinions, understanding that the essence lies not just in having ideas but in effectively engaging the hearts and minds of others through the power of logic and critical thinking.
Debate can foster teamwork and cooperation
4.Can you tell me some disadvantages of using debate techniques in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Debate is only used for certain subject.
5.When you use debate technique in speaking class, does it improve students' speaking skills?
I think that students will improve their speaking skills
6.What advice do you have for using that activity effectively?
- Split into groups in classrom
7.Do you plan to use that activity in the coming periods?
1 When using debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, did you encounter any difficulties?
Teacher needed much preparation in debating to make sure the debate is running well
2 When using the debate technique in speaking class in advanced classes, do you have any advantages?
Students actively participate in debate activities
3 Can you tell me some advantages of using debate technique in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Promoting critical thinking , developing communication proficiency , atracting in-depth-multiple-perspective analysis of issues
4 Can you tell me some disadvantages of using debate techniques in speaking lessons in advanced classes that you have taught?
Many preparations need in debating in order to make debate runs well
5 When you use debate technique in speaking class, does it improve students' speaking skills?
I think that students will improve their speaking skills
6 What advice do you have for using that activity effectively?
Ask students to prepare well for the lesson
7 Do you plan to use that activity in the coming periods?
Table 1.2: Questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale
Advantages of using debate technique
4 Enhance information search techniques 5.Improve research skills
6 Enables more interactive exchange between teachers and students
7 Students increase motivation to learn to speak
8 Deepen knowledge in each subject Disadvantag es of using debate technique
1 Need more time to practice the debate activity
2 Opposing opinions will lead to conflict
3 Debate is only used for certain subjects
4 Students' background knowledge is limited, so they will be less excited to participate