Bài giảng chương 2 - RESEARCH DESIGN - phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học

Bài giảng chương 2 - RESEARCH DESIGN - phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học

Session 2-3 RESEARCH FORMULATION & DESIGN

1 Research classification

2 Formulation of the research project

3 Research design

Note: applied research vs applying research (results )

I.2 Based on the conclusiveness:

I.3 Based on the form of observed data:

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

– How to apply business knowledge provided by

descriptive and causal research?

– How this issue is reflected in your final thesis?

MANAGERIAL/THEORETICAL PROBLEM

RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RESEARCH SCOPE

LITERATURE REVIEW MODEL - HYPOTHESES

Exploratory/ qualitative research

RESEARCH DESIGN DATA NEEDS & SOURCES

MEASUREMENT SCALES COLLECTION METHOD

SAMPLING DESIGN

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

TEST - ADJUSTMENT FIELD WORK - DATA COLLECTION

DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

Explor atory/

qualita tive resear ch

THE

RESEARCH

PROCESS

II RESEARCH FORMULATION

II.1 Introduction

II.2 Sources of research topics:

– From management problem to be solved

– From the suggestion of managers / policy makers

– Limitations / suggestions from previous researches– Shortages / Incompleteness of existing theories

– Experience or observation of the researcher

II.3 Criteria of a good research topic:

1 Significance by theoretical implications or practical

implications (expected contributions / values)

2 Researchability: the research objects can be

observed, describe, explained or predicted

3 Adequacy:

 Complication level / researcher’s skill / experience

 Available resources and conditions

II.4 Writing the research formulation:

1 General background (key research objects / concepts)

2 Defining the management problem / dilemma

3 Statement of the research problem / research gaps

4 Shortages of knowledge / information of the topic

5 Importance / significance of the research

6 Statement of research objectives / questions

7 Scope / presumption of the research

+ The order and emphasis may vary by different situations + The logical flow from mgt problem to research objectives

Notes to the setting up of research scope

Example – Management Style

Nowadays, Western-originated management theories are taught and

disseminated widely in Asian countries However, some management educators and practitioners have raised concerns about the validity and applicability of these

theories in culturally different settings, especially the ones dealing with human

behavior (Ardichvili&Kuchinke, 2002; Tsui, 2004)

Two schools of thought address these concerns Scholars who support the

“divergence process” contend that management theories belong to the science of

human being, that they must be socially or culturally dependent Therefore, Western management theories must be reconsidered before applying them in different cultural settings such as in Asian countries (Tayeb, 1994; Grant, 2004) In contrast, authors supporting the “convergence process” argue that internationalization and

industrialization are the best rationale for the universal application of commonly

adopted approaches to management, regardless of their origin (Mullins, 1993;

Ohmae, 1990) Inspired by this debate, the present study deals with the following

research questions: 1) Are there differences in the decision making or management styles of managers from different national cultures? 2) Is management style affected

by internationalization, cultural adjustment or management education?

Case 1 – Market Orientation

(to be filled by participant)

- Research objectives / questions :

Case 2 – Advertising appeals

Identify the components in the introduction section

Home exercise

Read articles and develop a research topic of your

own interest.

III STEPS IN RESEARCH DESIGN

III.1 Definition:

Designing a research is to develop a plan on the

research strategy and methods to observe, measure, collect and analyze data to attend the research

objectives

Involves a series of rational decision-making choices

III.2 Process of research design (5 steps) :

Step 1 Research formulation (see session II)

Step 2 Literature Review (1)

Purposes:

 To identify key concepts / factors / variables

 To systemize / comment / criticize previous studies

 To seek for the foundational theories for the research

 To support the interpretation / comparison of results

 To study previous studies’ design / measurement scales

 Literature review in quantitative & qualitative research

Step 2 Literature Review (2)

 Search and Read:

– Use keywords / key concepts

– Identify key authors / key papers

– Identify relevant foundational theories

– Review papers are very useful

 Summarize/organize them into a thematical framework

Step 2 Literature Review (3)

 What to present/write:

– General introdution

components, attributes, theories/perspectives, debates)

empirical findings in previous related studies)

 Concept centric vs Author centric writing style

Step 3 Conceptual framework / model / hypothesis:

Conceptual framework :

based

a logically developed, described, and elaborated network of

associations among the variables deemed relevant to the problem

or situation

can be identified / developed through literature review, interviews, and/or observations

Research model:

…is a representation of the system under investigation

Model can be in different forms

Example of a research model

2 components of a model:

+ Variables / attributes / factors to be investigated

+ Rules of interaction: descriptive / associative / causal

Hypothesis :

 a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of a testable statement

(Sekaran, 2003, p 103)

 a temporary answer to the research question

 resulted from the deduction process

 used in quantitative research

 Criteria of a good hypothesis:

- Based on theoretical deduction / empirical induction

- Empirically testable

- Clearly / precisely stated

- Variables must be measurable

S4.2 Data sources

+ Secondary data + Primary data

+ Experiment

S4.3 Measurement scale & data collection method

+ Qualitative/ Quantitative+ Measurement scale

+ Questionnaire / supportive instruments

S4.4 Sampling design

+ Population of study + Sampling frame

+ Sample size + Sampling method

S4.5 Plan for data analysis

+ Method of data analysis to be used

+ Scales and sample size required for analysis method + Analysis method must be chosen before collecting data

Step 5 Developing the “Research Proposal”

A document presenting all contents from step 1 to step 5Common outline:

+ Background / Introduction

+ Research problem, objectives, questions and scope

+ Preliminary literature review and proposed model

+ Research design

+ Resources, organization and timeframe

+ References

Case

article assigned to you

the author(s) wrote this section

END SESSION